Modified eye evisceration in a tropical screech owl (Megascops choliba)

Background: An adult owl was presented with an injury to the right eye that rendered it blind in that eye. The left eye was normal. Removal of the right eye was recommended and a modified eye evisceration was performed. No complications were observed during or after surgery. The objective of this paper is to describe the modified eye evisceration technique that was successfully used in a tropical screech owl (Megascops choliba). Case: An adult owl was presented with an injury to the right eye that rendered it blind in that eye. Two previous surgical treatments have been carried out but have not been successful. Using a portable slit-lamp (Kowa SL-15®), both eyes were examined. The left eye was normal. Upon ophthalmic examination of the right eye, the owl demonstrated blepharospasm and large central corneal ulcer. Removal of the right eye was recommended. The bird received midazolam hydrochloride [Dormire® - 1 mg/kg, IM] and ketamine hydrochloride [Ketamina® - 5 mg/kg IM] as pre-anesthetic medications. Subsequently, the bird was anesthetized with isoflurane (Isoforine®) by facemask for induction, and then maintained with isoflurane vaporized in 100% oxygen through an endotracheal tube. With the aid of a surgical microscope and microsurgery materials, a modified eye evisceration was performed. Post-operatively, the owl received meloxicam [Maxicam® - 0.5 mg/kg, IM] and tramadol hydrochloride [Cronidor® - 15 mg/kg, orally for 4 days]. The day after surgery, the owl was comfortable and its usual appetite was regained. The patient remained hospitalized for 3 weeks and was evaluated daily. The skin sutures were removed 10 days after the surgical procedure and the surgical wound had healed normally. The patient was reintroduced into the wild after 2 months. During the 6 months post-release, the bird was evaluated once a month, and no complications were observed. Discussion: Severe eye trauma and complicated corneal ulcers are common causes of eyeball removal in birds. In birds, there is a high risk of complications during enucleation. The fragility of the orbital bones makes them susceptible to trauma during the surgery. Evisceration involves the removal of the inner contents of the eye while leaving the cornea and the sclera intact. In the current case, evisceration was chosen because the eye was blind, and maintaining a blind eye would be a source of pain and infection. In the modified evisceration technique, the risk of complications is minimal compared to enucleation, mainly because surgical manipulation is minimal. In our case, the total surgery time was 20 min. Another complication reported after enucleation in birds is the possibility of disfiguring the bird because the removal of the globe disturbs the natural head balance. To avoid these complications, the use of an intraocular prosthesis after evisceration in birds has been performed. However, owls have a tubular-shaped globe with scleral ossicles. These factors could hinder or even prevent the accommodation of a cylindrical silicone prosthesis. In the present case, an intraocular prosthesis implant was never considered due to the unavailability of the prosthesis and to avoid the risk of postoperative complications that have been reported from the literature in dogs. In this case, the owl recovered well from anesthesia without complications, and no postoperative hemorrhage was observed. No signs of pain were observed during the postoperative period and the owl had already shown an appetite and fed on the first postoperative day. The previously published reports using the modified evisceration technique also demonstrated an absence of pain signs during the postoperative period.(AU)

Ocular and oral lesions caused by Tacinga inamoena in sheep and goats in Northeast Brazil / Lesões oculares e orais causadas por Tacinga inamoena em ovinos e caprinos no Nordeste brasileiro

Two outbreaks of traumatic injuries in goats and sheep associated with grazing and ingestion of the cactus Tacinga inamoena have recently been reported in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. In the first of these, which was detected in 2019 during a preliminary inspection of a herd of 70 animals, it was found that 15 showed certain ocular complications, and these animals were subjected to general physical and ophthalmic examinations. The clinical findings included excessive lacrimation, blepharitis, photophobia, corneal opacity, hyphema, corneal neovascularization, corneal ulcers, and adherence of gloquids to the bulbar conjunctiva and cornea. Large amounts of T. inamoena were found to be present in several areas in which these animals had been grazed and had been observed consuming the fruits of this plant. In the second outbreak during the following year, two sheep from a total of 100 animals were identified as having oral lesions associated with grazing in areas within which T. inamoena was growing. One of these animals was referred to a veterinary hospital, and on physical examination was found to show apathy, anorexia, a body score of 1.5, and the presence of gloquids within the fur. With respect to the oral cavity, halitosis, severe sialorrhea, extensive hemorrhagic ulcers, and painful tenderness on palpation were detected. Given the unfavorable prognosis, the sheep was subsequently euthanized. At necropsy, multifocal to coalescent plaques were detected on the upper and lower lips, oral mucosa, tongue, and hard and soft palates. These were generally elevated and firm and characterized by an irregular, ulcerated surface, sometimes crusty, with a yellow to light brown center and erythematous edges. The findings of this study highlight that the consumption of T. inamoena can cause serious oral and ophthalmic lesions in small ruminants in the northeastern semi-arid regions of Brazil, and can potentially contribute to substantial large economic losses. This problem tends to be exacerbated by the invasive behavior of T. Inamoena, particularly in areas in the process of environmental degradation.(AU)

Relatam-se dois surtos de lesões traumáticas associadas ao pastejo e ingestão da Tacinga inamoena por caprinos e ovinos no estado da Paraíba, Brasil. No primeiro surto observou-se durante uma inspeção preliminar do rebanho que 15 dos 70 animais apresentavam alterações oculares, os animais foram submetidos ao exame físico geral e ao exame oftálmico. Lacrimejamento excessivo, blefarite, fotofobia, opacidade de córnea, hifema, neovascularização corneana, úlceras de córnea e gloquídeos aderidos à conjuntiva bulbar e córnea foram os achados clínicos identificados. A planta estava presente em diversas áreas e em grande quantidade nas áreas de pastejo, onde os animais eram vistos ingerindo seus frutos. No segundo surto, dois ovinos de um total de 100 animais, foram identificados com lesões orais associadas ao pastejo em áreas da planta. Um deles foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário. No exame físico, o animal apresentou apatia, anorexia, escore corporal 1,5, pelos opacos, eriçados e no pelame era possível identificar gloquídeos. Na cavidade oral observou-se halitose, sialorreia intensa, extensas úlceras hemorrágicas e sensibilidade dolorosa à palpação. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável o animal foi eutanasiado. Na necropsia, placas multifocais a coalescentes, elevadas, firmes e com superfície irregular, ulcerada, por vezes crostosas, com centro amarelo a marrom-claro e bordos eritematosos, estavam presentes nos lábios superiores, inferiores, mucosa oral, língua, palatos duro e mole. T. inamoena causa sérias lesões orais e oftálmicas em pequenos ruminantes no semiárido nordestino e prejuízos econômicos de grandes dimensões, que podem ser agravados pelo comportamento invasor da T. inamoena em áreas com indícios de degradação ambiental.(AU)

Ocular and oral lesions caused by Tacinga inamoena in sheep and goats in Northeast Brazil / Lesões oculares e orais causadas por Tacinga inamoena em ovinos e caprinos no Nordeste brasileiro

Two outbreaks of traumatic injuries in goats and sheep associated with grazing and ingestion of the cactus Tacinga inamoena have recently been reported in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. In the first of these, which was detected in 2019 during a preliminary inspection of a herd of 70 animals, it was found that 15 showed certain ocular complications, and these animals were subjected to general physical and ophthalmic examinations. The clinical findings included excessive lacrimation, blepharitis, photophobia, corneal opacity, hyphema, corneal neovascularization, corneal ulcers, and adherence of gloquids to the bulbar conjunctiva and cornea. Large amounts of T. inamoena were found to be present in several areas in which these animals had been grazed and had been observed consuming the fruits of this plant. In the second outbreak during the following year, two sheep from a total of 100 animals were identified as having oral lesions associated with grazing in areas within which T. inamoena was growing. One of these animals was referred to a veterinary hospital, and on physical examination was found to show apathy, anorexia, a body score of 1.5, and the presence of gloquids within the fur. With respect to the oral cavity, halitosis, severe sialorrhea, extensive hemorrhagic ulcers, and painful tenderness on palpation were detected. Given the unfavorable prognosis, the sheep was subsequently euthanized. At necropsy, multifocal to coalescent plaques were detected on the upper and lower lips, oral mucosa, tongue, and hard and soft palates. These were generally elevated and firm and characterized by an irregular, ulcerated surface, sometimes crusty, with a yellow to light brown center and erythematous edges. The findings of this study highlight that the consumption of T. inamoena can cause serious oral and ophthalmic lesions in small ruminants in the northeastern semi-arid regions of Brazil, and can potentially contribute to substantial large economic losses. This problem tends to be exacerbated by the invasive behavior of T. Inamoena, particularly in areas in the process of environmental degradation.(AU)

Relatam-se dois surtos de lesões traumáticas associadas ao pastejo e ingestão da Tacinga inamoena por caprinos e ovinos no estado da Paraíba, Brasil. No primeiro surto observou-se durante uma inspeção preliminar do rebanho que 15 dos 70 animais apresentavam alterações oculares, os animais foram submetidos ao exame físico geral e ao exame oftálmico. Lacrimejamento excessivo, blefarite, fotofobia, opacidade de córnea, hifema, neovascularização corneana, úlceras de córnea e gloquídeos aderidos à conjuntiva bulbar e córnea foram os achados clínicos identificados. A planta estava presente em diversas áreas e em grande quantidade nas áreas de pastejo, onde os animais eram vistos ingerindo seus frutos. No segundo surto, dois ovinos de um total de 100 animais, foram identificados com lesões orais associadas ao pastejo em áreas da planta. Um deles foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário. No exame físico, o animal apresentou apatia, anorexia, escore corporal 1,5, pelos opacos, eriçados e no pelame era possível identificar gloquídeos. Na cavidade oral observou-se halitose, sialorreia intensa, extensas úlceras hemorrágicas e sensibilidade dolorosa à palpação. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável o animal foi eutanasiado. Na necropsia, placas multifocais a coalescentes, elevadas, firmes e com superfície irregular, ulcerada, por vezes crostosas, com centro amarelo a marrom-claro e bordos eritematosos, estavam presentes nos lábios superiores, inferiores, mucosa oral, língua, palatos duro e mole. T. inamoena causa sérias lesões orais e oftálmicas em pequenos ruminantes no semiárido nordestino e prejuízos econômicos de grandes dimensões, que podem ser agravados pelo comportamento invasor da T. inamoena em áreas com indícios de degradação ambiental.(AU)

Diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de corpo estranho ocular em cão / Ultrasonographic diagnosis of strange eye body in dog

Traumatismos causados com espinho de porco espinho são comuns em cães. Entretanto, estes espinhos não são inertes podendo carrear bactérias e outros micro-organismos. A indicação frente à essa situação é a remoção de todo o material sempre que possível. Ultrassonografia, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética possuem valor significativo no diagnóstico e localização de corpos estranhos não visíveis no exame físico. O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever a presença de um corpo estranho linear na região intraocular de um cão macho, três anos de idade, sem raça definida. O animal deu entrada no serviço clínico de um Hospital Veterinário com apatia e histórico de contato com porco espinho há trinta dias. Observou-se secreção ocular e olhos recobertos pela terceira pálpebra. Nesta ocasião, foram retirados espinhos de ouriço na cavidade oral e o animal foi liberado. Entretanto, o paciente retornou 40 dias com piora do quadro oftalmológico. Foi realizado exame ultrassonográfico transpalpebral que detectou uma estrutura linear hiperecoica medindo aproximadamente 1,47cm com sobra acústica evidente e conteúdo anormal de ecogenicidade mista na câmara vítrea. Encaminhado para enucleação transpalpebral que possibilitou confirmar o diagnóstico e identificar o objeto. Após a remoção cirúrgica o paciente apresentou melhora clínica significativa e recebeu alta médica em 14 dias.

Trauma caused by porcupine thorns is common in dogs. However, these spines are not inert and can carry bacteria and other microorganisms. The advice given this situation is the removal of all material whenever possible. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance have significant value in the diagnosis and localization of foreign bodies not visible on physical examination. The purpose of this case report is to describe the presence of a linear foreign body in the intraocular region of a three year old, male dog, of mixed breed. The animal was admitted to the clinical service of a Veterinary Hospital with apathy and a history of contact with a porcupine within thirty days. Eye discharge and eyes covered by the third eyelid were observed. On this occasion, hedgehog spines were removed in the oral cavity and the animal was released. However, the patient returned 40 days later with worsening of the ophthalmic condition. A transpalpebral ultrasound examination was performed, which detected a hyperechoic linear structure measuring approximately 1.47cm with evident acoustic leftovers and abnormal mixed echogenicity content in the vitreous chamber. The dog was referred for transpalpebral enucleation, which made it possible to confirm the diagnosis and identify the object. After surgical removal, the patient showed significant clinical improvement and was discharged within 14 days.

Diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de corpo estranho ocular em cão / Ultrasonographic diagnosis of strange eye body in dog

Traumatismos causados com espinho de porco espinho são comuns em cães. Entretanto, estes espinhos não são inertes podendo carrear bactérias e outros micro-organismos. A indicação frente à essa situação é a remoção de todo o material sempre que possível. Ultrassonografia, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética possuem valor significativo no diagnóstico e localização de corpos estranhos não visíveis no exame físico. O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever a presença de um corpo estranho linear na região intraocular de um cão macho, três anos de idade, sem raça definida. O animal deu entrada no serviço clínico de um Hospital Veterinário com apatia e histórico de contato com porco espinho há trinta dias. Observou-se secreção ocular e olhos recobertos pela terceira pálpebra. Nesta ocasião, foram retirados espinhos de ouriço na cavidade oral e o animal foi liberado. Entretanto, o paciente retornou 40 dias com piora do quadro oftalmológico. Foi realizado exame ultrassonográfico transpalpebral que detectou uma estrutura linear hiperecoica medindo aproximadamente 1,47cm com sobra acústica evidente e conteúdo anormal de ecogenicidade mista na câmara vítrea. Encaminhado para enucleação transpalpebral que possibilitou confirmar o diagnóstico e identificar o objeto. Após a remoção cirúrgica o paciente apresentou melhora clínica significativa e recebeu alta médica em 14 dias.(AU)

Trauma caused by porcupine thorns is common in dogs. However, these spines are not inert and can carry bacteria and other microorganisms. The advice given this situation is the removal of all material whenever possible. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance have significant value in the diagnosis and localization of foreign bodies not visible on physical examination. The purpose of this case report is to describe the presence of a linear foreign body in the intraocular region of a three year old, male dog, of mixed breed. The animal was admitted to the clinical service of a Veterinary Hospital with apathy and a history of contact with a porcupine within thirty days. Eye discharge and eyes covered by the third eyelid were observed. On this occasion, hedgehog spines were removed in the oral cavity and the animal was released. However, the patient returned 40 days later with worsening of the ophthalmic condition. A transpalpebral ultrasound examination was performed, which detected a hyperechoic linear structure measuring approximately 1.47cm with evident acoustic leftovers and abnormal mixed echogenicity content in the vitreous chamber. The dog was referred for transpalpebral enucleation, which made it possible to confirm the diagnosis and identify the object. After surgical removal, the patient showed significant clinical improvement and was discharged within 14 days.(AU)

Ocular lesions in a domestic feline: a closer look at the fungal pathogen Sporothrix brasiliensis / Lesões oculares em um felino doméstico: um olhar atento ao patógeno fúngico Sporothrix brasiliensis

Sporotrichosis is a dermatozoonosis, caused by dimorphic pathogenic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Although Sporothrix brasiliensis is the most frequent and pathogenic species identified from the Brazilian sporotrichosis hyperendemic, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of its molecular diagnosis from a cat with ocular lesions. A 3-month-old female, domestic feline presented an ocular manifestation with granuloma in the lower-left palpebral conjunctiva, in addition to mucocutaneous lesions in varied locations throughout the body. Samples were collected for subsequent cytopathology, fungal culture, serology, and molecular genotyping. Itraconazole was prescribed for the treatment of sporotrichosis and the animal was considered clinically cured at the end of 5 months of treatment and discharged. S. brasiliensis-cat interactions can manifest with a multitude of clinical forms that resemble either infectious or noninfectious diseases. Both the need for meticulous cat physical evaluation by a veterinarian followed by accurate laboratory diagnosis are key Public Health measures in the Brazilian sporotrichosis hyperendemic area.(AU)

A esporotricose é uma dermatozoonose causada por fungos patogênicos dimórficos do gênero Sporothrix. Embora o Sporothrix brasiliensis seja a espécie mais patogênica e prevalente na hiperendemia brasileira de esporotricose, segundo nosso conhecimento este é o primeiro relato de um gato com lesões oculares causadas por esta espécie, via diagnóstico molecular. Um felino doméstico com três meses de idade apresentou manifestação ocular com granuloma em conjuntiva palpebral inferior esquerda, além de lesões mucocutâneas em diferentes áreas do corpo. Amostras foram coletadas para posterior citopatologia, cultura de fungos, sorologia e genotipagem molecular. O itraconazol foi prescrito para o tratamento da esporotricose e o animal foi considerado clinicamente curado ao final de cinco meses de tratamento, recebendo alta. As interações do S. brasiliensis com o gato podem se manifestar com uma infinidade de formas clínicas que se assemelham a doenças infecciosas ou não. A necessidade de avaliação física meticulosa desses animais por um médico veterinário, seguida do diagnóstico laboratorial preciso, são medidas essenciais em saúde pública na área hiperendêmica para a esporotricose no Brasil.(AU)

Ocular lesions in a domestic feline: a closer look at the fungal pathogen Sporothrix brasiliensis / Lesões oculares em um felino doméstico: um olhar atento ao patógeno fúngico Sporothrix brasiliensis

Sporotrichosis is a dermatozoonosis, caused by dimorphic pathogenic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Although Sporothrix brasiliensis is the most frequent and pathogenic species identified from the Brazilian sporotrichosis hyperendemic, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of its molecular diagnosis from a cat with ocular lesions. A 3-month-old female, domestic feline presented an ocular manifestation with granuloma in the lower-left palpebral conjunctiva, in addition to mucocutaneous lesions in varied locations throughout the body. Samples were collected for subsequent cytopathology, fungal culture, serology, and molecular genotyping. Itraconazole was prescribed for the treatment of sporotrichosis and the animal was considered clinically cured at the end of 5 months of treatment and discharged. S. brasiliensis-cat interactions can manifest with a multitude of clinical forms that resemble either infectious or noninfectious diseases. Both the need for meticulous cat physical evaluation by a veterinarian followed by accurate laboratory diagnosis are key Public Health measures in the Brazilian sporotrichosis hyperendemic area.(AU)

A esporotricose é uma dermatozoonose causada por fungos patogênicos dimórficos do gênero Sporothrix. Embora o Sporothrix brasiliensis seja a espécie mais patogênica e prevalente na hiperendemia brasileira de esporotricose, segundo nosso conhecimento este é o primeiro relato de um gato com lesões oculares causadas por esta espécie, via diagnóstico molecular. Um felino doméstico com três meses de idade apresentou manifestação ocular com granuloma em conjuntiva palpebral inferior esquerda, além de lesões mucocutâneas em diferentes áreas do corpo. Amostras foram coletadas para posterior citopatologia, cultura de fungos, sorologia e genotipagem molecular. O itraconazol foi prescrito para o tratamento da esporotricose e o animal foi considerado clinicamente curado ao final de cinco meses de tratamento, recebendo alta. As interações do S. brasiliensis com o gato podem se manifestar com uma infinidade de formas clínicas que se assemelham a doenças infecciosas ou não. A necessidade de avaliação física meticulosa desses animais por um médico veterinário, seguida do diagnóstico laboratorial preciso, são medidas essenciais em saúde pública na área hiperendêmica para a esporotricose no Brasil.(AU)

Accidental closantel poisoning in sheep in the State of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil

Background: Verminosis is one of the major health problems in sheep flocks, and is one of the main causes of death insheep worldwide. Closantel is an antiparasitic drug commonly used in sheep; however, its safety margin is narrow, andthis drug may induce intoxication in animals submitted to high doses. Lesions occur mainly in the eyes, and are characterized by edema and compression of the optic nerve, retinopathy, and severe degeneration of ganglia cells. Clinical signsare pupil dilation, which often lead to permanent blindness. This work aims to report an outbreak of sheep mortality dueto closantel intoxication, associated with inadequate anthelmintic administration practices.Case: An on-site visit was conducted to a sheep farm, located in the municipality of Osório, Rio Grande do Sul (RS)- Brazil, in which high mortality was reported. The flock consisted of approximately 300 Texel sheep, managed in anextensive grazing system. Lambs and adult animals were affected. According to the information provided by the farmowner, many animals presented clinical signs of haemonchosis, and a closantel dose of 20 mg / lamb was administeredin all sheep, regardless of body weight. Lambs weighted on average 13 kg. After closantel administration, several sheeppresented neurologic signs and died. At the clinical examination, sheep presented pallor of ocular mucous membranes,as well as submandibular edema. Also, 20 lambs showed signs of blindness, disorientation and bumping into objects, aswell as hypothermia and lack of response to the menace reflex. Three 30 to 45-day-old male lambs that died spontaneously were submitted for necropsy. Grossly, only mild ascites was noted. Histopathological examination of the retinashowed degeneration and fragmentation of photoreceptor layer as well as depletion of the inner nuclear layer, associatedwith pyknosis and karyorrhexis. There was also a reduction in the number of ganglia cells in the ganglion cell layer andatrophy...

Accidental closantel poisoning in sheep in the State of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil

Background: Verminosis is one of the major health problems in sheep flocks, and is one of the main causes of death insheep worldwide. Closantel is an antiparasitic drug commonly used in sheep; however, its safety margin is narrow, andthis drug may induce intoxication in animals submitted to high doses. Lesions occur mainly in the eyes, and are characterized by edema and compression of the optic nerve, retinopathy, and severe degeneration of ganglia cells. Clinical signsare pupil dilation, which often lead to permanent blindness. This work aims to report an outbreak of sheep mortality dueto closantel intoxication, associated with inadequate anthelmintic administration practices.Case: An on-site visit was conducted to a sheep farm, located in the municipality of Osório, Rio Grande do Sul (RS)- Brazil, in which high mortality was reported. The flock consisted of approximately 300 Texel sheep, managed in anextensive grazing system. Lambs and adult animals were affected. According to the information provided by the farmowner, many animals presented clinical signs of haemonchosis, and a closantel dose of 20 mg / lamb was administeredin all sheep, regardless of body weight. Lambs weighted on average 13 kg. After closantel administration, several sheeppresented neurologic signs and died. At the clinical examination, sheep presented pallor of ocular mucous membranes,as well as submandibular edema. Also, 20 lambs showed signs of blindness, disorientation and bumping into objects, aswell as hypothermia and lack of response to the menace reflex. Three 30 to 45-day-old male lambs that died spontaneously were submitted for necropsy. Grossly, only mild ascites was noted. Histopathological examination of the retinashowed degeneration and fragmentation of photoreceptor layer as well as depletion of the inner nuclear layer, associatedwith pyknosis and karyorrhexis. There was also a reduction in the number of ganglia cells in the ganglion cell layer andatrophy...(AU)

Enxerto conjuntival pediculado no tratamento cirúrgico de perfuração ocular em paciente canino / Pedicle conjunctival graft in surgical treatment of ocular perforation in a canine patient

A perfuração ocular é considerada uma emergência na oftalmologia veterinária. Ela ocorre quando camadas mais profundas da córnea são lesionadas, levando ao extravasamento dos componentes oculares. O tratamento é cirúrgico e dentre as técnicas existentes, os enxertos conjuntivais pediculados são considerados como procedimentos de eleição. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de perfuração corneana na qual realizou-se a técnica de enxerto conjuntival pediculado para recuperação da integridade do globo ocular de um paciente canino. Durante o pós-cirúrgico ocorreu a deiscência de sutura, sendo necessária a realização de uma nova cirurgia, alcançando assim a cicatrização da lesão e a preservação do bulbo ocular acometido.(AU)

Eye perforation is considered an emergency in veterinary ophthalmology. It occurs when deeper layers of the cornea are injured, leading to leakage of eye components. The treatment is surgical and among the existing techniques, pediculated conjunctival grafts are considered as procedures of choice. This paper aims to report a case of corneal perforation in which the pediculated conjunctival graft technique was performed to recover the integrity of the eyeball of a canine patient. During the postoperative period there was suture dehiscence and a new surgery was necessary, thus achieving wound healing and preservation of the affected ocular bulb.(AU)

Ceratoconjuntivite nodular em um caso de leishmaniose visceral canina: relato de caso / Nodular keratoconjunctivitis in a case of canine visceral leishmaniasis: case report

Relata-se um caso de leishmaniose visceral canina com ceratoconjuntivite nodular como queixa exclusiva do proprietário. O diagnóstico se deu pela observação de formas amastigotas de Leishmania sp. no exame parasitológico direto de citologia aspirativa conjuntival. Lesões oculares raramente são queixas principais únicas de cães com leishmaniose, como o caso em questão, o que demonstra a variabilidade de apresentação clínica da doença e a importância da realização de testes laboratoriais diagnósticos para leishmaniose como triagem para pacientes de áreas endêmicas.(AU)

We describe a case of canine visceral leishmaniasis with nodular keratoconjunctivits as the owner's only complaint. Diagnosis was made by the observation of Leishmania sp. amastigotes in parasitological examination from conjunctival aspirative cytology. Eye lesions are rarely the only complaint of dogs suspected of leishmaniasis, as the case reported, demonstrating the variability of clinical presentation of the disease and the importance of performing screening diagnostic laboratorial tests for leishmaniasis in endemic areas.(AU)

Ceratoconjuntivite nodular em um caso de leishmaniose visceral canina: relato de caso / Nodular keratoconjunctivitis in a case of canine visceral leishmaniasis: case report

Relata-se um caso de leishmaniose visceral canina com ceratoconjuntivite nodular como queixa exclusiva do proprietário. O diagnóstico se deu pela observação de formas amastigotas de Leishmania sp. no exame parasitológico direto de citologia aspirativa conjuntival. Lesões oculares raramente são queixas principais únicas de cães com leishmaniose, como o caso em questão, o que demonstra a variabilidade de apresentação clínica da doença e a importância da realização de testes laboratoriais diagnósticos para leishmaniose como triagem para pacientes de áreas endêmicas.(AU)

We describe a case of canine visceral leishmaniasis with nodular keratoconjunctivits as the owner's only complaint. Diagnosis was made by the observation of Leishmania sp. amastigotes in parasitological examination from conjunctival aspirative cytology. Eye lesions are rarely the only complaint of dogs suspected of leishmaniasis, as the case reported, demonstrating the variability of clinical presentation of the disease and the importance of performing screening diagnostic laboratorial tests for leishmaniasis in endemic areas.(AU)

Uso de plasma rico em plaquetas em úlceras de córnea em cães / Use of platelet rich plasma on corneal ulcers in dogs

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar, clínica e macroscopicamente, o tratamento adjuvante com plasma rico em plaquetas na forma de colírio ou tampão, em úlceras de córnea de cães atendidos no Serviço de Oftalmologia Veterinária. Foram analisados 20 olhos com diagnóstico de ceratite ulcerativa, distribuídos em dois grupos experimentais. O grupo colírio (GC) foi constituído por olhos tratados topicamente com colírio autólogo de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP), e o grupo tampão (GT) por olhos submetidos ao tratamento à base de tampão sólido de PRP, associado ao recobrimento com terceira pálpebra para retenção deste. Os grupos foram avaliados, por meio de avaliação clínica, macroscópica e análise da redução do defeito epitelial, em diferentes momentos, aos três, cinco, dez, 15 e 30 dias, com exceção do terceiro dia no GT. O recobrimento da terceira pálpebra foi removido no quinto dia no GT. Em ambos os grupos, houve redução dos sinais de inflamação, melhora na sensibilidade ocular e adequada reparação do defeito epitelial. Todos os olhos do GT apresentaram completa cicatrização no quinto dia e 70% no GC, atingindo a totalidade no 10º dia. O PRP na forma de colírio ou tampão é uma excelente terapia adjuvante a ser instituída no tratamento clínico da úlcera de córnea em cães, pois atua na diminuição dos sinais inflamatórios, da dor ocular e auxilia potencialmente na cicatrização do defeito epitelial.(AU)

This study aims to clinically and macroscopically evaluate the adjuvant therapy with platelet-rich plasma in the form of eyedrops or clot, for corneal ulcers in dogs treated at the Veterinary Ophthalmology Service. We analyzed 20 eyes diagnosed with ulcerative keratitis, divided into two experimental groups. The eyedrop group (GC) was composed of eyes treated topically with eyedrops of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and the clot group (GT) was composed of eyes treated with a platelet-rich clot and covered with a third eyelid for retention of the clot. The groups were evaluated by clinical and macroscopic analysis and by the analysis of epithelial defect reduction, at different times, at three, five, ten, 15 and 30 days, except for the third day in GT. The coverage of the third eyelid was removed on the fifth day. In both groups the inflammation signs reduced, there was an improvement in ocular sensibility and proper repair of epithelial defect. All GT eyes and 70% GC eyes showed complete healing on the fifth day, the remainder of GC completed healing on the tenth day. PRP in the form of eyedrops and clot is an excellent adjuvant therapy to be instituted in the clinical treatment for corneal ulcer in dogs, because it decreases the inflammatory signs and the ocular pain and it potentially assists in healing epithelial defects.(AU)

Sensibilidade e especificidade do método famacha em ovinos com e sem ceratoconjuntivite

Objetivou-se avaliar a sensibilidade e especificidade do método FAMACHA© em animais que tenham lesões oculares sugestivas de uma ceratoconjuntivite infecciosa, que é responsável por causar hiperemia dos vasos sanguíneos da conjuntiva. Desta forma, estes animais supostamente poderiam ser dados como falsos positivos pelo método. Quarenta e quatro (44) fêmeas de idade variada, mestiças de Santa Inês foram avaliadas em diferentes graus de lesão ocular e grau FAMACHA© para cada olho por quatro avaliadores treinados, obtendo, assim, um total de 352 dados. Os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade foram calculados para o grupo com e sem lesão, de acordo com Vatta et al. (2001), Thrusfield (2005) e Sotomaior et al. (2012). Os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade, considerando o F© 3 como sendo grau de anemia, dos animais com lesão ocular, foram de 79,17% e 73,21%, respectivamente, se mostrando maiores do que os dos animais sem lesão que foram de 62,5% para sensibilidade e 63,94% para especificidade. Isso indica que a presença de lesão ocular não interfere significativamente na avaliação do método FAMACHA©, desde que o avaliador seja corretamente treinado e saiba diferenciar uma conjuntiva normal de uma com inflamação.

This paper aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity FAMACHA© system in animals with ocular lesions suggestive of infectious keratoconjunctivitis, which is responsible for causing redness of the conjunctiva blood vessels. Thus, these animals supposedly could be given as false positives by this method. Forty-four (44) females of varying age, Santa Ines crossbred, were evaluated in different degrees of ocular injury and FAMACHA© grade of each eye by four experienced evaluators, giving thus a total of 352 data. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the group with and without injuries, according to Vatta et al. (2001), Thrusfield (2005) and Sotomaior et al. (2012). The values of sensitivity and specificity, considering the F© 3 as an anemia degree, for animals with ocular damage, were 79.17% and 73.21%, respectively, showing to be higher than those for animals that were uninjured, that were 62.5% for sensitivity and 63.94% for specificity. This indicates that the presence of eye injury does not interfere significantly in FAMACHA© evaluation, since the evaluator be properly trained and able to differentiate a normal conjunctiva from another with inflammation.

Sensibilidade e especificidade do método famacha em ovinos com e sem ceratoconjuntivite

Objetivou-se avaliar a sensibilidade e especificidade do método FAMACHA© em animais que tenham lesões oculares sugestivas de uma ceratoconjuntivite infecciosa, que é responsável por causar hiperemia dos vasos sanguíneos da conjuntiva. Desta forma, estes animais supostamente poderiam ser dados como falsos positivos pelo método. Quarenta e quatro (44) fêmeas de idade variada, mestiças de Santa Inês foram avaliadas em diferentes graus de lesão ocular e grau FAMACHA© para cada olho por quatro avaliadores treinados, obtendo, assim, um total de 352 dados. Os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade foram calculados para o grupo com e sem lesão, de acordo com Vatta et al. (2001), Thrusfield (2005) e Sotomaior et al. (2012). Os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade, considerando o F© 3 como sendo grau de anemia, dos animais com lesão ocular, foram de 79,17% e 73,21%, respectivamente, se mostrando maiores do que os dos animais sem lesão que foram de 62,5% para sensibilidade e 63,94% para especificidade. Isso indica que a presença de lesão ocular não interfere significativamente na avaliação do método FAMACHA©, desde que o avaliador seja corretamente treinado e saiba diferenciar uma conjuntiva normal de uma com inflamação.(AU)

This paper aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity FAMACHA© system in animals with ocular lesions suggestive of infectious keratoconjunctivitis, which is responsible for causing redness of the conjunctiva blood vessels. Thus, these animals supposedly could be given as false positives by this method. Forty-four (44) females of varying age, Santa Ines crossbred, were evaluated in different degrees of ocular injury and FAMACHA© grade of each eye by four experienced evaluators, giving thus a total of 352 data. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the group with and without injuries, according to Vatta et al. (2001), Thrusfield (2005) and Sotomaior et al. (2012). The values of sensitivity and specificity, considering the F© 3 as an anemia degree, for animals with ocular damage, were 79.17% and 73.21%, respectively, showing to be higher than those for animals that were uninjured, that were 62.5% for sensitivity and 63.94% for specificity. This indicates that the presence of eye injury does not interfere significantly in FAMACHA© evaluation, since the evaluator be properly trained and able to differentiate a normal conjunctiva from another with inflammation.(AU)

Descolamento bileteral de retina em cacatua: relato de caso / Bilateral Retinal Detachment in a Cockatoo - Case Report / El desprendimiento de retina bilateral en un Cockatoo - Reporte de un caso

Uma cacatua (Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata) adulta foi levada ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná com histórico de déficit visual. Foi relatado que o animal se debatia bastante no recinto, caia frequentemente do poleiro e começou a apresentar hiporexia desde então. No exame oftálmico,observou-se no espaço pupilar de ambos os olhos imagens sugestivas de descolamento de retina. O animal foi então encaminhado para a avaliação ultrassonografia ocular, por meio do qual se confirmou o descolamento da retina bilateral. De acordo com a avaliação oftálmica e ultrassonográfica, concluiu-se a ocorrência de trauma ocular o qual ocasionou o descolamento da retina.(AU)

An adult cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata) was taken to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná with a history of visual impairment. It was reported that the animal was hitting quite often and falling off the perch. Since then, it began to show hyporexia. On ophthalmic examination, it was observed in the pupillary space of both eyes a suggestive image of retinal detachment. The animal was taken to the ocular ultrasound, where by it was confirmed bilateral retinal detachment. According to ophthalmic and ultrasonographic evaluation, it was conciuded that the occurrence of an ocular trauma caused the retinal detachment.(AU)

Una cacatúa (Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata) adulto fue llevado ai Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad Federal de Paraná, con una história de la discapacidad visual. Se informó que el animal es golpea docon frecuencia se caen la percha y comenzó a mostrar hiporexia desde entonces. En el examen oftalmológico, se observó em el espacio pupilar de abos ojos imágenes sugerentes de desprendimiento de retina. El animal fue llevado a la realización de la ecografía ocular, lo que se confirmó el desprendimiento de retina bilateral. De acuerdo a la evaluación oftálmica y ecográfico, se concluyó que La ocurrencia de um trauma ocular que causó el desprendimiento de la retina.(AU)

Descolamento bileteral de retina em cacatua: relato de caso / Bilateral Retinal Detachment in a Cockatoo - Case Report / El desprendimiento de retina bilateral en un Cockatoo - Reporte de un caso

Uma cacatua (Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata) adulta foi levada ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná com histórico de déficit visual. Foi relatado que o animal se debatia bastante no recinto, caia frequentemente do poleiro e começou a apresentar hiporexia desde então. No exame oftálmico,observou-se no espaço pupilar de ambos os olhos imagens sugestivas de descolamento de retina. O animal foi então encaminhado para a avaliação ultrassonografia ocular, por meio do qual se confirmou o descolamento da retina bilateral. De acordo com a avaliação oftálmica e ultrassonográfica, concluiu-se a ocorrência de trauma ocular o qual ocasionou o descolamento da retina.

An adult cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata) was taken to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná with a history of visual impairment. It was reported that the animal was hitting quite often and falling off the perch. Since then, it began to show hyporexia. On ophthalmic examination, it was observed in the pupillary space of both eyes a suggestive image of retinal detachment. The animal was taken to the ocular ultrasound, where by it was confirmed bilateral retinal detachment. According to ophthalmic and ultrasonographic evaluation, it was conciuded that the occurrence of an ocular trauma caused the retinal detachment.

Una cacatúa (Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata) adulto fue llevado ai Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad Federal de Paraná, con una história de la discapacidad visual. Se informó que el animal es golpea docon frecuencia se caen la percha y comenzó a mostrar hiporexia desde entonces. En el examen oftalmológico, se observó em el espacio pupilar de abos ojos imágenes sugerentes de desprendimiento de retina. El animal fue llevado a la realización de la ecografía ocular, lo que se confirmó el desprendimiento de retina bilateral. De acuerdo a la evaluación oftálmica y ecográfico, se concluyó que La ocurrencia de um trauma ocular que causó el desprendimiento de la retina.

Ocular alkali lesions in dogs: acetylcysteine and blood serum effects

Estudaram-se lesões oftálmicas promovidas pelo contato com Hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) a 3M em 42 cães, divididos em três grupos, tratados com soro sangüíneo autógeno, da acetilcisteína e solução salina balanceada (G1, G2 e G3, respectivamente). Não foram encontradas diferenças mediante a comparação entre os grupos, considerando-se parâmetros clínicos e microscópicos. (AU)

Enucleação transpalpebral em ema (Rhea americana): relato de caso / Transpalpebral enucleation of a rhea (rhea americana): case report

É descrito um caso de enucleação transpalpebral em uma ema (Rhea americana) macho adulto, com histórico de traumatismo ocular ocasionado por disputa de território entre dois machos. Os sinais clínicos notados no olho direito foram edema das bordas palpebrais superior e inferior com secreção purulenta e córnea apresentando opacidade total, com tecido cicatricial proeminente de coloração âmbar. Optou-se pela enucleação transpalpebral. A técnica utilizada teve êxito, pois notou-se cicatrização total da ferida, na qual não há secreções(AU)

A clinical case of transpalpebral enucleation in an adult male rhea (Rhea Americana) is described. The rhea had a history of ocular traumatism resulting of a fight for territory with another male. The clinical signs observed in the right eye were edema of superior and inferior eyelid borders with purulent secretions. The cornea presented total opaqueness with a protuberant cicatricial tissue of amber color. The chosen procedure was the transpalpebral enucleation. The technique was successful for there was total cicatrisation of the wound, from which no secretions were present(AU)

Enucleação transpalpebral em ema (Rhea americana): relato de caso / Transpalpebral enucleation of a rhea (rhea americana): case report

É descrito um caso de enucleação transpalpebral em uma ema (Rhea americana) macho adulto, com histórico de traumatismo ocular ocasionado por disputa de território entre dois machos. Os sinais clínicos notados no olho direito foram edema das bordas palpebrais superior e inferior com secreção purulenta e córnea apresentando opacidade total, com tecido cicatricial proeminente de coloração âmbar. Optou-se pela enucleação transpalpebral. A técnica utilizada teve êxito, pois notou-se cicatrização total da ferida, na qual não há secreções

A clinical case of transpalpebral enucleation in an adult male rhea (Rhea Americana) is described. The rhea had a history of ocular traumatism resulting of a fight for territory with another male. The clinical signs observed in the right eye were edema of superior and inferior eyelid borders with purulent secretions. The cornea presented total opaqueness with a protuberant cicatricial tissue of amber color. The chosen procedure was the transpalpebral enucleation. The technique was successful for there was total cicatrisation of the wound, from which no secretions were present