Eurytrema coelomaticum infection: correlation between parasite burden and impairment of pancreatic exocrine enzyme secretion / Eurytrema coelomaticum: correlação entre carga parasitária e insuficiência pancreática exócrina

Eurytrema coelomaticum is a trematode reported in the pancreatic ducts of ruminants. It is conjectured that may cause disorders in the pancreas, as well as digestive and metabolic processes dependent on them. This study, determined if there is an impairment of exocrine pancreatic function, and correlated it with parasite burden. Pancreas, blood, and fecal samples were collected from 119 bovines at a abattoir. Stool samples were subjected to the gelatin and x-ray film digestion tests (to detect the presence of trypsin in feces). Using blood samples, the following biochemical tests were performed: amylase, lipase, glucose, fructosamine, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, and globulins. Analyses were correlated with pancreatic parasite burden. Cattle with a high parasitic load presented higher incidence of negative tests in both gelatin digestion and x-ray film digestion tests (P < 0.001) when compared to non-parasitized animals and those with a low parasitic load. Changes in those tests only occurred if the parasitemia was moderate or severe. The activity of the amylase and lipase enzymes was significantly higher in animals with low parasitemia (P < 0.05), compared to non-parasitized animals and with a high parasitic burden. In this study, in cases of high parasitemia, negative results were observed in both gelatin and x-ray film in the feces digestion tests. However, the low infection of E. coelomaticum, higher levels of serum amylase and lipase that also indicated loss of pancreatic exocrine functions were reported.

Eurytrema coelomaticum, um trematódeo de ductos pancreáticos de ruminantes. Conjectura-se que possa ocasionar transtornos nas funções pancreáticas, mais especificamente nos processos digestivos e metabólicos dependentes destas. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi determinar se há comprometimento da função pancreática exócrina, correlacionado-a a carga parasitária. Foram utilizados pâncreas e respectivas amostras de sangue e fezes de 119 bovinos. As amostras de fezes foram submetidas aos testes de digestão da gelatina em tubo e digestão de filme radiográfico, ambos para detecção de tripsina nas fezes. Foram realizados os seguintes exames bioquímicos em amostras de sangue: amilase, lipase, glicemia, frutosamina, colesterol, triglicerídeos, proteínas totais, albumina e globulinas. Após isto, as análises bioquímicas foram correlacionadas com a quantidade numérica de parasitas encontrados no pâncreas (post-mortem). Houve maior quantidade de testes negativos (digestão do filme radiográfico e prova de digestão da gelatina) nos animais com alta carga parasitária (P < 0.001), quando comparados aos animais não parasitados e com baixa carga parasitária. Portanto, os exames supracitados se alteram somente se a quantidade de parasitas for moderada ou severa. As atividades das enzimas amilase e lipase foram significativamente maiores nos animais que apresentavam baixa parasitemia (P < 0.05), em comparação com os animais com alta carga parasitária e não parasitados. Conclui-se que em quadros de alta parasitemia há alteração significativa nos testes de digestão nas fezes, e que em quadros de baixa parasitemia há alterações significativas nos valores de amilase e lipase séricas, ambos comprovando alterações pancreáticas importantes, de acordo com o quadro de parasitemia.

NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 can reduce the damage of pancreatic and intestinal barrier function in mice with acute pancreatitis

Purpose: Abnormal activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome can lead to the occurrence and progression of acute pancreatitis. This study investigated the protective effect of MCC950 on pancreatitis mice. Methods: Eighteen mice were randomly divided into control group, severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group and SAP+MCC950 group. Serum interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the pathological damage. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and tight junction proteins in the small intestine and pancreas. Results: MCC950 could reduce the levels of IL-6 and IL-1ß in SAP mice. After treatment with MCC950, the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pancreas of SAP mice were significantly reduced and the pathological damage to the pancreas and intestine was alleviated. Compared with the control group, the expression of tight junction protein (ZO-1,occludin and claudin-4) in the intestinal mucosa of SAP mice was decreased, and the expression of claudin-4 and occludin were upregulated after MCC950 treatment. Conclusions: MCC950 can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and significantly reduce the inflammatory response and delay the process of pancreatitis. It has therapeutic potential in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Canine pancreatitis: the development of the pancreatic inflammatory condition and the clinical-therapeutic approach / Pancreatite canina: o desenvolvimento da condição inflamatória pancreática e a abordagem clínico-terapêutica / Pancreatitis canina: el desarrollo de la condición inflamatoria pancreática y el enfoque clínico-terapéutico

La pancreatitis, aguda o crónica, es una enfermedad grave para los perros, debido a su potencial nocivo y a la existencia de infradiagnóstico. La enfermedad sigue siendo objeto de estudios en cuanto a su fisiopatología y mecanismos terapéuticos, debido a que los signos que presentan los animales son inespecíficos y van desde presentaciones leves a severas. Puede provocar cambios morfofuncionales en el páncreas y órganos adyacentes. El diagnóstico puede ser una tarea muy difícil, ya sea por los síntomas variables y la gravedad de la enfermedad, o por los callejones sin salida experimentados en el momento de los exámenes complementarios. El manejo terapéutico se define en base a los síntomas que presentan los animales, que van desde la infusión de líquidos para reposición de volumen, analgésicos, antieméticos, antibióticos, alimentos especiales, entre otros.

Pancreatitis, acute or chronic, is a serious disease for dogs, due to its harmful potential and the existence of underdiagnosis. The disease is still the target of studies regarding its pathophysiology and therapeutic mechanisms, because the signs presented by the animals are nonspecific, ranging from mild to severe presentations. It can cause morphofunctional changes in the pancreas and adjacent organs. The diagnosis can be a very difficult task, either due to the variable symptoms and severity of the disease, or the impasses experienced at the time of the complementary exams. Therapeutic management is defined based on the symptoms presented by the animals, ranging from fluid infusion for volume replacement, analgesics, antiemetics, antibiotics, special food, among others.

A pancreatite é uma doença grave para os cães, tanto pelo seu potencial deletério quanto pela existência de subdiagnósticos, e pode ser classificada em aguda ou crônica. A doença ainda é alvo de estudos no que diz respeito a sua patofisiologia e mecanismos terapêuticos, uma vez que os sinais apresentados pelos animais são inespecíficos, variando desde apresentações brandas a graves. Pode causar alteração morfofuncional do pâncreas e órgãos adjacentes. O diagnóstico pode ser uma tarefa bastante difícil, seja pela sintomatologia variável e gravidade da doença como também pelos impasses vivenciados no momento da realização dos exames complementares. O manejo terapêutico é definido com base na sintomatologia apresentada pelos animais, variando desde a infusão de fluidos para reposição volêmica, analgésicos, antieméticos, antibióticos, alimentação especial, entre outros.

Predisposition to acute pancreatitis in dogs with severe acute renal failure / Predisposição à pancreatite aguda em cães com insuficiência renal aguda grave

Patients with acute renal failure often have a negative energy balance, which promotes metabolic changes predisposing to complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate laboratory parameters of 30 dogs with severe acute renal failure, to assess their relationship with the possibility of developing acute pancreatitis due to the negative energy balance, and to correlate these findings with the degree of renal failure. Serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides, amylase, total lipase, and canine pancreatic lipase were compared between healthy dogs and dogs with severe acute renal failure. A greater serum concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate and greater activity of pancreatic enzymes, particularly canine pancreatic lipase, as well as a stronger correlation between the latter and serum creatinine concentrations, were related to the occurrence of acute pancreatitis in patients with severe acute renal failure. A greater degree of renal failure implied a greater predisposition to acute pancreatitis.(AU)

O portador de insuficiência renal aguda é um paciente que, muitas vezes, encontra-se sob importante condição de balanço energético negativo, gerando alterações metabólicas que predispõem a complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros laboratoriais de trinta cães com insuficiência renal aguda grave, quanto a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de pancreatite aguda em função do balanço energético negativo, e relacioná-los ao grau de gravidade da insuficiência renal. As concentrações séricas de ureia, creatinina, betahidroxibutirato, triglicérides, amilase, lipase total e lipase pancreática canina foram comparadas entre o grupo de cães hígidos e o de cães doentes. Observou-se maior concentração sérica de betahidroxibutirato e maior atividade das enzimas pancreáticas, especialmente da lipase pancreática canina, além de forte correlação entre esta última e a concentração sérica de creatinina, demonstrando a ocorrência de pancreatite aguda em pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda grave. Verificou-se também que quanto mais grave é a insuficiência renal, maior é a predisposição à pancreatite aguda.(AU)

Canine pancreatitis: the development of the pancreatic inflammatory condition and the clinical-therapeutic approach / Pancreatite canina: o desenvolvimento da condição inflamatória pancreática e a abordagem clínico-terapêutica / Pancreatitis canina: el desarrollo de la condición inflamatoria pancreática y el enfoque clínico-terapéutico

La pancreatitis, aguda o crónica, es una enfermedad grave para los perros, debido a su potencial nocivo y a la existencia de infradiagnóstico. La enfermedad sigue siendo objeto de estudios en cuanto a su fisiopatología y mecanismos terapéuticos, debido a que los signos que presentan los animales son inespecíficos y van desde presentaciones leves a severas. Puede provocar cambios morfofuncionales en el páncreas y órganos adyacentes. El diagnóstico puede ser una tarea muy difícil, ya sea por los síntomas variables y la gravedad de la enfermedad, o por los callejones sin salida experimentados en el momento de los exámenes complementarios. El manejo terapéutico se define en base a los síntomas que presentan los animales, que van desde la infusión de líquidos para reposición de volumen, analgésicos, antieméticos, antibióticos, alimentos especiales, entre otros.(AU)

Pancreatitis, acute or chronic, is a serious disease for dogs, due to its harmful potential and the existence of underdiagnosis. The disease is still the target of studies regarding its pathophysiology and therapeutic mechanisms, because the signs presented by the animals are nonspecific, ranging from mild to severe presentations. It can cause morphofunctional changes in the pancreas and adjacent organs. The diagnosis can be a very difficult task, either due to the variable symptoms and severity of the disease, or the impasses experienced at the time of the complementary exams. Therapeutic management is defined based on the symptoms presented by the animals, ranging from fluid infusion for volume replacement, analgesics, antiemetics, antibiotics, special food, among others.(AU)

A pancreatite é uma doença grave para os cães, tanto pelo seu potencial deletério quanto pela existência de subdiagnósticos, e pode ser classificada em aguda ou crônica. A doença ainda é alvo de estudos no que diz respeito a sua patofisiologia e mecanismos terapêuticos, uma vez que os sinais apresentados pelos animais são inespecíficos, variando desde apresentações brandas a graves. Pode causar alteração morfofuncional do pâncreas e órgãos adjacentes. O diagnóstico pode ser uma tarefa bastante difícil, seja pela sintomatologia variável e gravidade da doença como também pelos impasses vivenciados no momento da realização dos exames complementares. O manejo terapêutico é definido com base na sintomatologia apresentada pelos animais, variando desde a infusão de fluidos para reposição volêmica, analgésicos, antieméticos, antibióticos, alimentação especial, entre outros.(AU)

Predisposition to acute pancreatitis in dogs with severe acute renal failure / Predisposição à pancreatite aguda em cães com insuficiência renal aguda grave

Patients with acute renal failure often have a negative energy balance, which promotes metabolic changes predisposing to complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate laboratory parameters of 30 dogs with severe acute renal failure, to assess their relationship with the possibility of developing acute pancreatitis due to the negative energy balance, and to correlate these findings with the degree of renal failure. Serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides, amylase, total lipase, and canine pancreatic lipase were compared between healthy dogs and dogs with severe acute renal failure. A greater serum concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate and greater activity of pancreatic enzymes, particularly canine pancreatic lipase, as well as a stronger correlation between the latter and serum creatinine concentrations, were related to the occurrence of acute pancreatitis in patients with severe acute renal failure. A greater degree of renal failure implied a greater predisposition to acute pancreatitis.(AU)

O portador de insuficiência renal aguda é um paciente que, muitas vezes, encontra-se sob importante condição de balanço energético negativo, gerando alterações metabólicas que predispõem a complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros laboratoriais de trinta cães com insuficiência renal aguda grave, quanto a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de pancreatite aguda em função do balanço energético negativo, e relacioná-los ao grau de gravidade da insuficiência renal. As concentrações séricas de ureia, creatinina, betahidroxibutirato, triglicérides, amilase, lipase total e lipase pancreática canina foram comparadas entre o grupo de cães hígidos e o de cães doentes. Observou-se maior concentração sérica de betahidroxibutirato e maior atividade das enzimas pancreáticas, especialmente da lipase pancreática canina, além de forte correlação entre esta última e a concentração sérica de creatinina, demonstrando a ocorrência de pancreatite aguda em pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda grave. Verificou-se também que quanto mais grave é a insuficiência renal, maior é a predisposição à pancreatite aguda.(AU)

Tríade felina / Feline triad

A tríade felina é uma síndrome que envolve o desenvolvimento concomitante de colangite, pancreatite e doença inflamatória intestinal (DII). Os gatos têm condições anatômicas que os predispõem ao desenvolvimento dessas doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o assunto e relatar um caso de tríade felina. Gata de 14 anos, castrada e sem raça definida, foi atendida em uma clínica particular na cidade de Fortaleza -Ceará. Na ananese, o responsável se queixou dos sinais clínicos de vômito, anorexia, apatia, letargia, ausência de defecação e icterícia. Foi realizada biópsia do fígado, duodeno e pâncreas por laparotomia exploradora. A análise histopatológica desses órgãos revelou a presença de colangite esclerosante crônica acentuada, pancreatite crônica leve e DII crônica. O paciente não resistiu às complicações do quadro clínico e morreu dois dias após a avaliação clínica. Métodos invasivos, como laparotomia exploradora para biópsia incisional, ainda são, apesar do custo e do risco anestésico envolvidos, os meios mais adequados para obter amostras para exame histopatológico e para fazer um diagnóstico definitivo se houver suspeita de tríade felina.(AU)

The feline triad is a syndrome that involves the concomitant development of cholangitis, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Cats have anatomical conditions that pre-dispose them to the development of these diseases. The objective of this work was toper form a literature review on the subject and report a feline triad case. A 14-year-old female cat, spayed and with no defined breed was attended in a private clinic in the city of Fortaleza- Ceará. In the anamnesis, the guardian complained of the symptoms of vomiting, anorexia, apathy, lethargy, absence of defecation and jaundice. It was performed a biopsy of liver, duodenum and pancreas by exploratory laparotomy. The histopathological analysis of these organs revealed the presence of marked chronic sclerosing cholangitis, mild chronic pancreatitis and chronic IBD. The patient did not withstand the complications of the clinical condition and came to death two days after clinic evaluation. Invasive methods such as exploratory laparotomy for incisional biopsy are still, despite the cost and anesthetic risk involved, the most appropriate means to obtain samples for histopathological examination and to make a definitive diagnosis if feline triad is suspected.(AU)

Tríade felina / Feline triad

A tríade felina é uma síndrome que envolve o desenvolvimento concomitante de colangite, pancreatite e doença inflamatória intestinal (DII). Os gatos têm condições anatômicas que os predispõem ao desenvolvimento dessas doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o assunto e relatar um caso de tríade felina. Gata de 14 anos, castrada e sem raça definida, foi atendida em uma clínica particular na cidade de Fortaleza - Ceará. Na ananese, o responsável se queixou dos sinis clinicos de vômito, anorexia, apatia, letargia, ausência de defecação e icterícia. Foi realizada biópsia do fígado, duodeno e pâncreas por laparotomia exploradora. A análise histopatológica desses órgãos revelou a presença de colangite esclerosante crônica acentuada, pancreatite crônica leve e DII crônica. O paciente não resistiu às complicações do quadro clínico e morreu dois dias após a avaliação clínica. Métodos invasivos, como laparotomia exploradora para biópsia incisional, ainda são, apesar do custo e do risco anestésico envolvidos, os meios mais adequados para obter amostras para exame histopatológico e para fazer um diagnóstico definitivo se houver suspeita de tríade felina.

The feline triad is a syndrome that involves the concomitant development of cholangitis, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Cats have anatomical conditions that pre-dispose them to the development of these diseases. The objective of this work was to perform a literature review on the subject and report a feline triad case. A 14-year-old female cat, spayed and with no defined breed was attended in a private clinic in the city of Fortaleza - Ceará. In the anamnesis, the guardian complained of the symptoms of vomiting, anorexia, apathy, lethargy, absence of defecation and jaundice. It was performed a biopsy of liver, duodenum and pancreas by exploratory laparotomy. The histopathological analysis of these organs revealed the presence of marked chronic sclerosing cholangitis, mild chronic pancreatitis and chronic IBD. The patient did not withstand the complications of the clinical condition and came to death two days after clinic evaluation. Invasive methods such as exploratory laparotomy for incisional biopsy are still, despite the cost and anesthetic risk involved, the most appropriate means to obtain samples for histopathological examination and to make a definitive diagnosis if feline triad is suspected.

Hemosuccus = pancreaticus in a dog: A rare case of gastrointestinal hemorrhage

A 9-year-old, 5.5-kg (12.12-lb) spayed female Poodle was evaluated due to recurrent seizures and possible diabetes. The dog also had a history of anorexia, polyuria and polydipsia. Serum biochemistry results revealed increases in pancreatic amylase and glucose associated with decreased protein levels. Abdominal ultrasound suggested acute pancreatitis and/or a pancreatic tumor with intense peripancreatic vascularization. The clinical condition of the dog worsened despite medical treatment, and death occurred shortly thereafter. At necropsy, blood clots were found in the stomach and in the intestinal lumen, which was filled with undigested blood. The pancreas was moderately increased in size with an irregular surface and multifocal yellow firm areas. In the cranial portion of the pancreas, a single nodule, approximately 2 cm in diameter, was found. Histologic evaluation of the pancreas revealed chronic and acute lesions characterized by lymphohistiocytic pancreatitis, periductal fibrosis, degeneration of pancreatic islets and necrotizing and fibrinopurulent pancreatitis. The nodule was diagnosed as pancreatic adenocarcinoma. These clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings were compatible with Hemosuccus pancreaticus. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of Hemosuccus pancreaticusin a dog and it should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with pancreatic disease and gastrointestinal bleeding.

Hemosuccus = pancreaticus in a dog: A rare case of gastrointestinal hemorrhage

A 9-year-old, 5.5-kg (12.12-lb) spayed female Poodle was evaluated due to recurrent seizures and possible diabetes. The dog also had a history of anorexia, polyuria and polydipsia. Serum biochemistry results revealed increases in pancreatic amylase and glucose associated with decreased protein levels. Abdominal ultrasound suggested acute pancreatitis and/or a pancreatic tumor with intense peripancreatic vascularization. The clinical condition of the dog worsened despite medical treatment, and death occurred shortly thereafter. At necropsy, blood clots were found in the stomach and in the intestinal lumen, which was filled with undigested blood. The pancreas was moderately increased in size with an irregular surface and multifocal yellow firm areas. In the cranial portion of the pancreas, a single nodule, approximately 2 cm in diameter, was found. Histologic evaluation of the pancreas revealed chronic and acute lesions characterized by lymphohistiocytic pancreatitis, periductal fibrosis, degeneration of pancreatic islets and necrotizing and fibrinopurulent pancreatitis. The nodule was diagnosed as pancreatic adenocarcinoma. These clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings were compatible with Hemosuccus pancreaticus. To the authors knowledge, this is the first report of Hemosuccus pancreaticusin a dog and it should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with pancreatic disease and gastrointestinal bleeding.(AU)

Effects of baicalin on inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress and PKDl and NF-kB protein expressions in rats with severe acute pancreatitis

Purpose: To investigate the effects of baicalin on inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress and protein kinase D1 (PKD1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B) protein expressions in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats. Methods: Sixty rats were divided into sham operation, model, and low-, medium- and high-dose baicalin group. SAP model was established in later 4 groups. The later 3 groups were injected with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 ml/100 g 5% baicalin injection, respectively. At 12 h, the serum SAP related indexes and inflammatory factors, peripheral blood CD3 and T cell percentages, wet/dry ratio and pancreas ascites volume, oxidative stress indexes and PKD1 and NF-B protein expressions in pancreatic tissue were determined. Results: Compared with model group, in high-dose baicalin group the wet/dry ratio and ascites volume, serum amylase level, phospholipase A2 activity, TNF-, IL-1 and IL-6 levels, and pancreatic malondialdehyde level and PKD1 and NF-B protein expression were significantly decreased (P 0.05), and peripheral blood CD3 and T cell percentages and pancreatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly increased (P 0.05). Conclusion: Baicalin can resist the inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress, and down-regulate protein kinase D1 and nuclear factor-kappa B protein expressions, thus exerting the protective effects on severe acute pancreatitis in rats.(AU)

Um caso raro de destruição total do pâncreas por pancreatite em cão / A rare case of total pancreatic destruction due to pancreatitis in a dog

A 16-year-old female Poodle entered UFMG's Veterinary Hospital with severe prostration, lack of appetite, and vomit. During physical examination, abdominal pain, dehydration, and hyperglycemia (448mg/dl) were found, therefore the animal was admitted under the suspicion of diabetic ketoacidosis. Screening revealed metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, glycosuria, ketonuria, and proteinuria. Leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, increase in the number of hepatic enzymes and hyperglycemia were also present in these tests. The ultrasound images showed a smaller and hypoechogenic pancreas, irregularity and folds in duodenum and reactivity of the surrounding tissue, indicating pancreatitis. Thirty days after the dog had been discharged for treatment at home, it was taken back to the veterinary hospital due to status epilepticus, which motivated the owner's decision of euthanasia. During post mortem examination no trace of pancreas was found. On histological examination of the adipose tissue next to the duodenum, only one pancreatic duct was seen, together with inflamatory cells , thus characterizing a rare case of total pancreatic destruction due to pancreatitis.(AU)

Um caso raro de destruição total do pâncreas por pancreatite em cão / A rare case of total pancreatic destruction due to pancreatitis in a dog

A 16-year-old female Poodle entered UFMG's Veterinary Hospital with severe prostration, lack of appetite, and vomit. During physical examination, abdominal pain, dehydration, and hyperglycemia (448mg/dl) were found, therefore the animal was admitted under the suspicion of diabetic ketoacidosis. Screening revealed metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, glycosuria, ketonuria, and proteinuria. Leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, increase in the number of hepatic enzymes and hyperglycemia were also present in these tests. The ultrasound images showed a smaller and hypoechogenic pancreas, irregularity and folds in duodenum and reactivity of the surrounding tissue, indicating pancreatitis. Thirty days after the dog had been discharged for treatment at home, it was taken back to the veterinary hospital due to status epilepticus, which motivated the owner's decision of euthanasia. During post mortem examination no trace of pancreas was found. On histological examination of the adipose tissue next to the duodenum, only one pancreatic duct was seen, together with inflamatory cells , thus characterizing a rare case of total pancreatic destruction due to pancreatitis.(AU)

Um caso raro de destruição total do pâncreas por pancreatite em cão / A rare case of total pancreatic destruction due to pancreatitis in a dog

A 16-year-old female Poodle entered UFMG's Veterinary Hospital with severe prostration, lack of appetite, and vomit. During physical examination, abdominal pain, dehydration, and hyperglycemia (448mg/dl) were found, therefore the animal was admitted under the suspicion of diabetic ketoacidosis. Screening revealed metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, glycosuria, ketonuria, and proteinuria. Leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, increase in the number of hepatic enzymes and hyperglycemia were also present in these tests. The ultrasound images showed a smaller and hypoechogenic pancreas, irregularity and folds in duodenum and reactivity of the surrounding tissue, indicating pancreatitis. Thirty days after the dog had been discharged for treatment at home, it was taken back to the veterinary hospital due to status epilepticus, which motivated the owner's decision of euthanasia. During post mortem examination no trace of pancreas was found. On histological examination of the adipose tissue next to the duodenum, only one pancreatic duct was seen, together with inflamatory cells , thus characterizing a rare case of total pancreatic destruction due to pancreatitis.(AU)

Tríade felina: relato de caso / Feline triaditis: case report

Feline triaditis is the combination of cholangitis, pancreatitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in cats. The present study was aimed to report the case of feline triaditis highlighting the importance of a proper and effective clinical approach. A queen of 4 years old was taken to the veterinarian presenting lethargy, depression, dehydration and weight loss. It was required a complete blood count, biochemical testing, an abdominal ultrasound and an exploratory laparotomy. Based on exams accomplished was diagnosed feline triad and instituted treatment was fluid therapy and administration of analgesics, nutraceutical and hypoallergenic diet.

Tríade felina: relato de caso / Feline triaditis: case report

Feline triaditis is the combination of cholangitis, pancreatitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in cats. The present study was aimed to report the case of feline triaditis highlighting the importance of a proper and effective clinical approach. A queen of 4 years old was taken to the veterinarian presenting lethargy, depression, dehydration and weight loss. It was required a complete blood count, biochemical testing, an abdominal ultrasound and an exploratory laparotomy. Based on exams accomplished was diagnosed feline triad and instituted treatment was fluid therapy and administration of analgesics, nutraceutical and hypoallergenic diet.(AU)

Tríade felina / Feline triad

A tríade felina caracteriza-se pela associação de três enfermidades concomitantes, sendo a colangiohepatite, doença intestinal inflamatória e pancreatite, sua ocorrência pode-se relacionar à anatomia desta espécie. Os sinais clínicos manifestam-se de forma inespecífica, sendo o diagnóstico inicial feito nos achados laboratoriais e de imagem, porém, forma definitiva, somente ao exame histopatológico dos órgãos citados. Instituise a terapêutica de acordo com as alterações apresentadas pela paciente, destacando-se antieméticos, corticosteroides e antimicrobianos. Desta forma, devido à complexidade da doença e inespecificidade dos achados clínicos, buscou--se descrever as características da colangiohepatite, doença intestinal inflamatória e pancreatite, com ênfase ao seu diagnóstico e terapêutica. (AU)

Feline triad is characterised by the Association of three concurrent diseases, being the colangiohepatite, inflammatory bowel disease and pancreatitis, their occurrence can relate to the anatomy of this species. Clinical signs are nonspecific, and form the initial diagnosis based on laboratory findings and imaging, however, definitive form, only to Histopathological examination of the bodies mentioned. Establishing whether the therapy according to the amendments tabled by the patient, including antiemetics, corticosteroids and antimicrobials. In this way, due to the complexity of the disease and low specificity of the clinical findings, sought to describe the characteristics of colangiohepatite, inflammatory bowel disease and pancreatitis, with emphasis on diagnosis and therapy. (AU)

Tríade felina / Feline triad

A tríade felina caracteriza-se pela associação de três enfermidades concomitantes, sendo a colangiohepatite, doença intestinal inflamatória e pancreatite, sua ocorrência pode-se relacionar à anatomia desta espécie. Os sinais clínicos manifestam-se de forma inespecífica, sendo o diagnóstico inicial feito nos achados laboratoriais e de imagem, porém, forma definitiva, somente ao exame histopatológico dos órgãos citados. Instituise a terapêutica de acordo com as alterações apresentadas pela paciente, destacando-se antieméticos, corticosteroides e antimicrobianos. Desta forma, devido à complexidade da doença e inespecificidade dos achados clínicos, buscou--se descrever as características da colangiohepatite, doença intestinal inflamatória e pancreatite, com ênfase ao seu diagnóstico e terapêutica.

Feline triad is characterised by the Association of three concurrent diseases, being the colangiohepatite, inflammatory bowel disease and pancreatitis, their occurrence can relate to the anatomy of this species. Clinical signs are nonspecific, and form the initial diagnosis based on laboratory findings and imaging, however, definitive form, only to Histopathological examination of the bodies mentioned. Establishing whether the therapy according to the amendments tabled by the patient, including antiemetics, corticosteroids and antimicrobials. In this way, due to the complexity of the disease and low specificity of the clinical findings, sought to describe the characteristics of colangiohepatite, inflammatory bowel disease and pancreatitis, with emphasis on diagnosis and therapy.

Therapeutic effects of ellagic acid on L-arginin nduced acute pancreatitis

PURPOSE:To investigate the therapeutic effects of ellagic acid on L-arginin ınduced acute pancreatitis in rats.METHODS:Thirty-two were split into four groups. Group 1 (control) rats were performed only laparotomy, no drugs were administered. Group 2 (control+EA) rats were administered 85mg/kg EA orally. Rats were sacrificed by cardiac puncture 24 hours after the administration. Group3 (AP) 24 hours after intraperitoneal L-arginine administration, rats were sacrificed by cardiac puncture. Group 4 (EA)-(AP): 85mg/kg EA was administered orally after the L-arginine administration. 24 hours later, rats were sacrificed by cardiac puncture. Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), amylase levels were determined in all groups.RESULTS:Group 3 (AP) rats showed significantly raised TOS level as compared to Group1 (control) rats (p<0.001). Following the EA therapy, a decrease in TOS was observed in Group 4 (AP+EA). TAC levels were significantly raised in the Group 4 (AP+EA) compared to the Group 3 (AP) (p=0.003). Group 3 (AP) showed significantly increased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 serum levels as compared to Group 4 (AP+EA). Histopathological changes were supported our result.CONCLUSION:The healing effects of ellagic acid on inflammatory and oxidative stress were confirmed by histopathological and biochemical evaluations of the pancreatic tissue.(AU)

Lipoprotein lipase gene-deficient mice with hypertriglyceridaemia associated with acute pancreatitis

PURPOSE:To investigate the severity of pancreatitis in lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-deficient hypertriglyceridaemic (HTG) heterozygous mice and to establish an experimental animal model for HTG pancreatitis study.METHODS:LPL-deficient HTG heterozygous mice were rescued by somatic gene transfer and mated with wild-type mice. The plasma amylase, triglyceride, and pathologic changes in the pancreas of the LPL-deficient HTG heterozygous mice were compared with those of wild-type mice to assess the severity of pancreatitis. In addition, acute pancreatitis (AP) was induced by caerulein (50 µg/kg) for further assessment.RESULTS:The levels of plasma amylase and triglyceride were significantly higher in the LPL-deficient HTG heterozygous mice. According to the pancreatic histopathologic scores, the LPL-deficient HTG heterozygous mice showed more severe pathologic damage than the wild-type mice.CONCLUSIONS:Lipoprotein lipase deficient heterozygous mice developed severe caerulein-induced pancreatitis. In addition, their high triglyceride levels were stable. Therefore, LPL-deficient HTG heterozygous mice are a useful experimental model for studying HTG pancreatitis.(AU)