Treatment of chronic immunomediated thrombocytopenia with mesenquimal stem cells in dog: case report / Tratamento de trombocitopenia imunomediada crônica com células-tronco mesenquimais em cão: relato de caso

Immunomediated thrombocytopenia is a systemic metabolic disorder in which the platelet count falls below reference values, as the patient's immune system destroys them. The main clinical signs in thrombocytopenia are petechial, hemorrhages, ecchymoses and suffusions. Hematomas can also occur in coagulation disorders. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings and hematological examinations. The treatment consists of the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, delaying cell destruction, and may last for months, not always obtaining a cure for the disease. The present work reports the use of therapy with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells, derived from the adipose tissue of dogs, for the treatment of chronic immunomediated thrombocytopenia, with an evolution of more than one year, in a Pinscher dog. The alternative treatment showed a good evolution, keeping platelets within the reference values during the treatment, giving the patient quality of life and removing the need for continuous medication for homeostasis after treatment.

A trombocitopenia imunomediada é uma desordem metabólica sistêmica, na qual a contagem plaquetária fica abaixo dos valores de referência, pois o sistema imunológico do paciente a destrói. O principal sinal clínico na trombocitopenia são hemorragias, petequiais, equimoses e sufusões. Hematomas podem ocorrer também em alterações da coagulação. O diagnóstico baseia-se nos achados clínicos e nos exames hematológicos. O tratamento consiste na utilização de corticosteroides e imunossupressores, o que retarda a destruição celular, mas pode se prolongar por meses, nem sempre obtendo cura da doença. O presente trabalho relata a utilização da terapia com células-tronco mesenquimais alogênicas, oriundas do tecido adiposo de cães, para tratamento de trombocitopenia imunomediada crônica, com evolução de mais de um ano, em um cão da raça Pinscher. O tratamento alternativo revelou boa evolução, pois manteve as plaquetas dentro dos valores de referência durante o tratamento, o que proporcionou qualidade de vida ao paciente e tornou desnecessárias medicações de uso contínuo para a homeostase após o tratamento.

Age-associated hemogram and ultrastructural leukocyte morphology in Pygocentrus nattereri (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) from the Brazilian Pantanal

Pygocentrus nattereri is a carnivorous fish widely distributed in the Brazilian wetland and occupies different river strata. Based on the sexual maturity, the standard length (SL) has been used to categorize age and physiological attributes. However, hematological parameters and their relationship with age and growth features are unknow. Here, the aim was to evaluate the hematological profile and leukocyte data of juvenile and adult specimens, associating it with SL. Specimens of both sexes were weighted, and SL were measured for classify as juveniles (SL ≤16.0 cm) and adults (SL ≥16.1 cm). Blood was collected to perform the hemogram, for leukocyte quantification and ultrastructural descriptions. In general, hemogram values and leukocyte, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts were high in juveniles. Hemogram variables were negatively correlated with SL. Thrombocyte and neutrophil counts were higher in adults than in juveniles. SL was correlated with leukogram variables. Ultrastructural analysis showed that granular leukocyte count in P. nattereri was similar another fishes. PAS-positive granular leukocytes are slightly smaller than neutrophils and are characterized by dense elongated and semi-lunar shapes in the cytoplasm. Our results suggest that age-based SL may be useful for the analysis of the relationship between P. nattereri health status and wetland aquatic environments.(AU)

Pygocentrus nattereri é um peixe carnívoro amplamente distribuído no pantanal brasileiro e ocupa diferentes estratos de rios. Com base na maturidade sexual, o comprimento padrão (CP) tem sido usado para categorizar a idade e os atributos fisiológicos. No entanto, os parâmetros hematológicos e sua relação com a idade e características de crescimento são desconhecidos. O objetivo foi avaliar o perfil hematológico e leucocitário de espécimes juvenis e adultos, associando-o ao CP. Espécimes de ambos os sexos foram pesados e os CPs foram medidos para classificação em juvenis (CP ≤16,0 cm) e adultos (CP ≥16,1 cm). Foi coletado sangue para realização do hemograma, perfil e morfologia dos leucócitos. Em geral, os valores do hemograma e as contagens de leucócitos, linfócitos e monócitos foram maiores nos jovens. A contagem de trombócitos e neutrófilos foi maior em adultos do que em jovens. A análise ultraestrutural mostrou que a contagem de leucócitos granulares em P. nattereri foi semelhante a outros peixes. Os leucócitos granulares PAS-positivos são menores do que os neutrófilos, sendo caracterizados por formas alongadas e semilunares densas no citoplasma. Nossos resultados sugerem que CP é útil para a análise da relação entre o estado de saúde de P. nattereri em ambientes aquáticos alagados.(AU)

Age-associated hemogram and ultrastructural leukocyte morphology in Pygocentrus nattereri (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) from the Brazilian Pantanal

Pygocentrus nattereri is a carnivorous fish widely distributed in the Brazilian wetland and occupies different river strata. Based on the sexual maturity, the standard length (SL) has been used to categorize age and physiological attributes. However, hematological parameters and their relationship with age and growth features are unknow. Here, the aim was to evaluate the hematological profile and leukocyte data of juvenile and adult specimens, associating it with SL. Specimens of both sexes were weighted, and SL were measured for classify as juveniles (SL ≤16.0 cm) and adults (SL ≥16.1 cm). Blood was collected to perform the hemogram, for leukocyte quantification and ultrastructural descriptions. In general, hemogram values and leukocyte, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts were high in juveniles. Hemogram variables were negatively correlated with SL. Thrombocyte and neutrophil counts were higher in adults than in juveniles. SL was correlated with leukogram variables. Ultrastructural analysis showed that granular leukocyte count in P. nattereri was similar another fishes. PAS-positive granular leukocytes are slightly smaller than neutrophils and are characterized by dense elongated and semi-lunar shapes in the cytoplasm. Our results suggest that age-based SL may be useful for the analysis of the relationship between P. nattereri health status and wetland aquatic environments.(AU)

Pygocentrus nattereri é um peixe carnívoro amplamente distribuído no pantanal brasileiro e ocupa diferentes estratos de rios. Com base na maturidade sexual, o comprimento padrão (CP) tem sido usado para categorizar a idade e os atributos fisiológicos. No entanto, os parâmetros hematológicos e sua relação com a idade e características de crescimento são desconhecidos. O objetivo foi avaliar o perfil hematológico e leucocitário de espécimes juvenis e adultos, associando-o ao CP. Espécimes de ambos os sexos foram pesados e os CPs foram medidos para classificação em juvenis (CP ≤16,0 cm) e adultos (CP ≥16,1 cm). Foi coletado sangue para realização do hemograma, perfil e morfologia dos leucócitos. Em geral, os valores do hemograma e as contagens de leucócitos, linfócitos e monócitos foram maiores nos jovens. A contagem de trombócitos e neutrófilos foi maior em adultos do que em jovens. A análise ultraestrutural mostrou que a contagem de leucócitos granulares em P. nattereri foi semelhante a outros peixes. Os leucócitos granulares PAS-positivos são menores do que os neutrófilos, sendo caracterizados por formas alongadas e semilunares densas no citoplasma. Nossos resultados sugerem que CP é útil para a análise da relação entre o estado de saúde de P. nattereri em ambientes aquáticos alagados.(AU)

Análise morfométrica das células sanguíneas de Boa constrictor resgatadas em Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ / Morphometric analysis of Boa constrictor blood cells rescued in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ / Análisis morfométrico de glóbulos de Boa constrictor rescatados em Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ

Boa constrictor es una especie que se encuentra a menudo en criaderos y zoológicos, además de ser utilizada como animal de compañía. Estos animales son nativos del nuevo mundo y se encuentran desde México hasta el norte de Argentina. El objetivo del presente trabajo es generar valores morfométricos de las células que componen el tejido sanguíneo de individuos de la especie Boa constrictor, identificando sus tamaños promedios, que son importantes para determinar el estado de estas células, siendo principalmente útiles para clasificar las anemias. Los frotis sanguíneos se realizaron con muestras recolectadas de cuatro ejemplares atendidos en el Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Animais Selvagens (NEPAS), siendo dos machos y dos hembras. Las láminas se tiñeron utilizando la técnica de tinción panótica rápida y se observaron bajo un microscopio óptico (100X, inmersión). Para la morfometría, la captura de imágenes se realizó con la ayuda de una cámara digital Canon acoplada al microscopio, y la medición de las células se realizó con el software Zeiss® AxioVision Sample Images. Se midieron un total de 2007 células de sangre, siendo 590 eritrocitos, 365 heterofilos, 140 linfocitos, 454 azurofilos, 17 monocitos y 441 trombocitos. Se encontró que los eritrocitos y trombocitos mostraron mayores diferencias entre sus diámetros mayores y menores, dando a estas células una forma elíptica...

Boa constrictor is a species often found in breeding grounds and zoos, in addition to being used as a pet animal. These animals are native to the new world, being found from Mexico to northern Argentina. The aim of the present work is to generate morphometric values of the cells that make up the blood tissue of individuals of the Boa constrictor species, identifying their average sizes, which are important in determining the state of these cells, being mainly useful for classifying anemias. Blood strains were performed with samples collected from four specimens attended at the Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Animais Selvagens (NEPAS), being two males and two females. The slides were stained using the fast panotic staining technique and observed under an optical microscope (100X, immersion). For morphometry, image capture was performed with the aid of a Canon digital camera attached to the microscope, and the measurement of the cells was done with the Zeiss® AxioVision Sample Images software. A total of 2007 blood cells were measured, being 590 erythrocytes, 365 heterophiles, 140 lymphocytes, 454 azurophils, 17 monocytes and 441 thrombocytes. It was found that erythrocytes and thrombocytes showed greater differences between their larger and smaller diameters, giving these cells an elliptical shape. The other cells evaluated showed similar proportions between the diameters...

Boa constrictor é uma espécie frequentemente encontrada em criadouros e zoológicos, além de ser utilizada como animal de companhia. Esses animais são nativos do novo mundo, sendo encontrados do México ao norte da Argentina. O trabalho realizado possui como objetivo gerar valores morfométricos das células que compõem o tecido sanguíneo de indivíduos da espécie Boa constrictor, identificando seus tamanhos médios, que são importantes na determinação do estado destas células, sendo úteis principalmente para classificar anemias. Foram realizadas distensões sanguíneas com as amostras coletadas de quatro exemplares atendidos no Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Animais Selvagens (NEPAS), sendo dois machos e duas fêmeas. As lâminas foram coradas utilizando a técnica de coloração panóptico rápido e observadas ao microscópio óptico (100X, imersão). Para morfometria foi realizada a captura de imagens com o auxílio de uma câmera digital Canon, modelo Powershot A640® acoplada ao microscópio, e foi utilizado o software Zeiss® AxioVision Sample Images. Foram mensuradas 2007 células sanguíneas, sendo 590 eritrócitos, 365 heterófilos, 140 linfócitos, 454 azurófilos, 17 monócitos e 441 trombócitos. Verificou-se que os eritrócitos e trombócitos apresentaram maiores diferenças entre seus diâmetros maiores e menores, conferindo o formato elíptico a estas células. As demais células avaliadas...

How much does the platelet aggregate influence the total leukocyte count? Comparison between manual and automated impedance methods in domestic cats

Background: Automated hematology analyzers have been developed to optimize the time between analyses and havepromising precision and accuracy. Complete blood count (CBC) is often requested as part of veterinary clinical examination. Automated analyzers are often used to determine CBCs, since processing as well as container-related errors mayoccur owing to variable sizes, aggregates, white or red blood cell fragments, and effects of EDTA on cell morphology.Platelet aggregates frequently occur in felines, with studies reporting a prevalence of approximately 71%. The aim of thepresent study was to evaluate the influence of exercise aggregates on the global white blood cell count of domestic catsusing automated hematological counters with the impedance method.Materials, Methods & Results: Blood samples of 140 cats, irrespective of age, sex, and breed, were collected into EDTAcontaining tubes. The samples were obtained via routine clinical examinations at the Veterinary Hospital of the FederalRural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) and processed at the Veterinary Parasitology Experimental ChemotherapyLaboratory (LQEPV), belonging to the same institution. All the samples were processed on the Sysmex pocH-100iVDiff automated hematology apparatus according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Leukocyte counts were alsomanually determined using a duplicate Neubauer chamber. Standard dilutions were prepared immediately after theautomated analysis. To identify the occurrence of platelet aggregates, a blood smear was made and visualized undera brightfield microscope at a magnification of 10× and scored 0 to 3 (G1, G2, G3, and G4) based on the aggregationintensity. In case of changes, the groups were subdivided according to the intensity of occurrence. Of the 140 samples...

How much does the platelet aggregate influence the total leukocyte count? Comparison between manual and automated impedance methods in domestic cats

Background: Automated hematology analyzers have been developed to optimize the time between analyses and havepromising precision and accuracy. Complete blood count (CBC) is often requested as part of veterinary clinical examination. Automated analyzers are often used to determine CBCs, since processing as well as container-related errors mayoccur owing to variable sizes, aggregates, white or red blood cell fragments, and effects of EDTA on cell morphology.Platelet aggregates frequently occur in felines, with studies reporting a prevalence of approximately 71%. The aim of thepresent study was to evaluate the influence of exercise aggregates on the global white blood cell count of domestic catsusing automated hematological counters with the impedance method.Materials, Methods & Results: Blood samples of 140 cats, irrespective of age, sex, and breed, were collected into EDTAcontaining tubes. The samples were obtained via routine clinical examinations at the Veterinary Hospital of the FederalRural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) and processed at the Veterinary Parasitology Experimental ChemotherapyLaboratory (LQEPV), belonging to the same institution. All the samples were processed on the Sysmex pocH-100iVDiff automated hematology apparatus according to the manufacturers recommendations. Leukocyte counts were alsomanually determined using a duplicate Neubauer chamber. Standard dilutions were prepared immediately after theautomated analysis. To identify the occurrence of platelet aggregates, a blood smear was made and visualized undera brightfield microscope at a magnification of 10× and scored 0 to 3 (G1, G2, G3, and G4) based on the aggregationintensity. In case of changes, the groups were subdivided according to the intensity of occurrence. Of the 140 samples...(AU)

Análise morfométrica das células sanguíneas de Boa constrictor resgatadas em Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ / Morphometric analysis of Boa constrictor blood cells rescued in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ / Análisis morfométrico de glóbulos de Boa constrictor rescatados em Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ

Boa constrictor es una especie que se encuentra a menudo en criaderos y zoológicos, además de ser utilizada como animal de compañía. Estos animales son nativos del nuevo mundo y se encuentran desde México hasta el norte de Argentina. El objetivo del presente trabajo es generar valores morfométricos de las células que componen el tejido sanguíneo de individuos de la especie Boa constrictor, identificando sus tamaños promedios, que son importantes para determinar el estado de estas células, siendo principalmente útiles para clasificar las anemias. Los frotis sanguíneos se realizaron con muestras recolectadas de cuatro ejemplares atendidos en el Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Animais Selvagens (NEPAS), siendo dos machos y dos hembras. Las láminas se tiñeron utilizando la técnica de tinción panótica rápida y se observaron bajo un microscopio óptico (100X, inmersión). Para la morfometría, la captura de imágenes se realizó con la ayuda de una cámara digital Canon acoplada al microscopio, y la medición de las células se realizó con el software Zeiss® AxioVision Sample Images. Se midieron un total de 2007 células de sangre, siendo 590 eritrocitos, 365 heterofilos, 140 linfocitos, 454 azurofilos, 17 monocitos y 441 trombocitos. Se encontró que los eritrocitos y trombocitos mostraron mayores diferencias entre sus diámetros mayores y menores, dando a estas células una forma elíptica...(AU)

Boa constrictor is a species often found in breeding grounds and zoos, in addition to being used as a pet animal. These animals are native to the new world, being found from Mexico to northern Argentina. The aim of the present work is to generate morphometric values of the cells that make up the blood tissue of individuals of the Boa constrictor species, identifying their average sizes, which are important in determining the state of these cells, being mainly useful for classifying anemias. Blood strains were performed with samples collected from four specimens attended at the Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Animais Selvagens (NEPAS), being two males and two females. The slides were stained using the fast panotic staining technique and observed under an optical microscope (100X, immersion). For morphometry, image capture was performed with the aid of a Canon digital camera attached to the microscope, and the measurement of the cells was done with the Zeiss® AxioVision Sample Images software. A total of 2007 blood cells were measured, being 590 erythrocytes, 365 heterophiles, 140 lymphocytes, 454 azurophils, 17 monocytes and 441 thrombocytes. It was found that erythrocytes and thrombocytes showed greater differences between their larger and smaller diameters, giving these cells an elliptical shape. The other cells evaluated showed similar proportions between the diameters...(AU)

Boa constrictor é uma espécie frequentemente encontrada em criadouros e zoológicos, além de ser utilizada como animal de companhia. Esses animais são nativos do novo mundo, sendo encontrados do México ao norte da Argentina. O trabalho realizado possui como objetivo gerar valores morfométricos das células que compõem o tecido sanguíneo de indivíduos da espécie Boa constrictor, identificando seus tamanhos médios, que são importantes na determinação do estado destas células, sendo úteis principalmente para classificar anemias. Foram realizadas distensões sanguíneas com as amostras coletadas de quatro exemplares atendidos no Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Animais Selvagens (NEPAS), sendo dois machos e duas fêmeas. As lâminas foram coradas utilizando a técnica de coloração panóptico rápido e observadas ao microscópio óptico (100X, imersão). Para morfometria foi realizada a captura de imagens com o auxílio de uma câmera digital Canon, modelo Powershot A640® acoplada ao microscópio, e foi utilizado o software Zeiss® AxioVision Sample Images. Foram mensuradas 2007 células sanguíneas, sendo 590 eritrócitos, 365 heterófilos, 140 linfócitos, 454 azurófilos, 17 monócitos e 441 trombócitos. Verificou-se que os eritrócitos e trombócitos apresentaram maiores diferenças entre seus diâmetros maiores e menores, conferindo o formato elíptico a estas células. As demais células avaliadas...(AU)

New species of the Corumbataia cuestae group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Tocantins basin, with comments on its phylogenetic relationships

A new species of Corumbataia is described from Rio Maranhão, Rio Tocantins basin, central Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by the presence of a small, naked area on snout tip; by having the abdomen covered with small platelets forming a shield which reaches the lateral mid-ventral plates; by the anterior profile of the head rounded in dorsal view; by the lower lip not reaching the transversal line of the pectoral girdle; and by the presence of 28 or 29 vertebrae. High genetic divergence in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) further supports the validity of this new species. Our phylogenetic analysis shows a derived subclade in Corumbataia, herein named as the Corumbataia cuestae group, composed of the new species plus C. cuestae, C. tocantinensis, C. britskii, C. liliai, and C. lucianoi. This group is defined by having a conspicuous crest of hypertrophied odontodes on head; absence of the adipose fin or a single series of platelets at adipose-fin position; and anastomosis of the infraorbital and otic sensory canals over the pterotic-supracleithrum. Here we also restrict the distribution of C. tocantinensis to the Rio Araguaia basin.(AU)

Uma nova espécie de Corumbataiaé descrita para o Rio Maranhão, na bacia do Rio Tocantins na região central do Brasil. A nova espécie é diagnosticada dos demais congêneres pela presença de uma pequena área nua na ponta do focinho; por possuir o abdômen coberto por pequenas placas formando um escudo que alcança as placas laterais mid-ventrais; perfil anterior da cabeça arredondado em vista dorsal; lábio inferior não alcançando a linha transversal da cintura peitoral; e presença de 28 ou 29 vértebras. Altos valores de divergência genética também suportam a validade dessa nova espécie. Nossa análise filogenética encontrou um subclado derivado em Corumbataia, aqui denominado grupo Corumbataia cuestae, composto pela nova espécie mais C. cuestae, C. tocantinensis, C. britskii, C. liliai e C. lucianoi. Esse grupo é definido por possuir uma crista conspícua de odontódeos hipertrofiados na cabeça; ausência de nadadeira adiposa ou série única de placas na posição da nadadeira adiposa; anastomose dos canais sensoriais infraorbital e ótico sobre o pterótico-supracleitro. Aqui, nós também restringimos a distribuição de C. tocantinensisà bacia do Rio Araguaia.(AU)

Sex disparities determined by biometric and hematological measurements in Astyanax bimaculatus / [Disparidades sexuais determinadas por medições biométricas e hematológicas em Astyanax bimaculatus]

This study aimed to compare the body indexes and hematological characteristics between Astyanax bimaculatus males and females. Four hundred fish were randomly distributed into four polyethylene tanks (100 fish/unit) in a recirculation system and fed four times a day (3% of biomass). After 90 days, ten fish (five ♀ and five ♂) were removed to perform blood tests and to measure weight, height, total length, height/length ratio, condition factor and index determination: vicerosomatic (VSI), hepatosomatic (HSI), and gonadosomatic (GSI). The results showed a higher average weight (g) in females (12.32±0.71) compared to males (6.98±0.75), the same happened to height (cm) = (3.01±0.07) and (2.40±0.05), total length (cm) = (3.01±0.07) and (2.40±0.05), VSI (%) = (11.43±0.81) and (3.55±1.05), HSI (%) = (0.72±0.08) and (0.30±0.04), respectively. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (pg) was higher in females (3.72±1.20) than in males (2.99±1.51). Regarding the number of thrombocytes (103.µL-1), there was an increase in males (25.71±3.91) compared to females (17.40±6.40).(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os índices corporais e as características hematológicas entre machos e fêmeas de Astyanax bimaculatus. Quatrocentos peixes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro caixas de polietileno (100 peixes/unidade), em sistema de recirculação, e alimentados quatro vezes ao dia (3% da biomassa). Após 90 dias, 10 peixes (cinco ♀ e cinco ♂) foram retirados para realização das análises sanguíneas e para mensuração do peso, da altura, do comprimento total, da relação altura/comprimento, do fator de condição e da determinação dos índices: viscerossomático (IVS), hepatossomático (IHS) e gonadossomático (IGS). Os resultados mostraram um maior peso médio (g) nas fêmeas (12,32±0,71) em relação aos machos (6,98±0,75); o mesmo aconteceu para altura (cm) = (3,01± 0,07) e (2,40± 0,05), comprimento total (cm) = (3,01±0,07) e (2,40±0,05), IVS (%) = (11,43±0,81) e (3,55±1,05), IHS (%) = (0,72±0,08) e (0,30±0,04), respectivamente. Hemoglobina corpuscular média (pg) foi maior nas fêmeas (3,72±1,20) que nos machos (2,99±1,51). Em relação ao número de trombócitos (103/µL), houve um aumento nos machos (25,71± 3,91) em relação às fêmeas (17,40±6,40).(AU)

New species of the Corumbataia cuestae group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Tocantins basin, with comments on its phylogenetic relationships

A new species of Corumbataia is described from Rio Maranhão, Rio Tocantins basin, central Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by the presence of a small, naked area on snout tip; by having the abdomen covered with small platelets forming a shield which reaches the lateral mid-ventral plates; by the anterior profile of the head rounded in dorsal view; by the lower lip not reaching the transversal line of the pectoral girdle; and by the presence of 28 or 29 vertebrae. High genetic divergence in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) further supports the validity of this new species. Our phylogenetic analysis shows a derived subclade in Corumbataia, herein named as the Corumbataia cuestae group, composed of the new species plus C. cuestae, C. tocantinensis, C. britskii, C. liliai, and C. lucianoi. This group is defined by having a conspicuous crest of hypertrophied odontodes on head; absence of the adipose fin or a single series of platelets at adipose-fin position; and anastomosis of the infraorbital and otic sensory canals over the pterotic-supracleithrum. Here we also restrict the distribution of C. tocantinensis to the Rio Araguaia basin.(AU)

Uma nova espécie de Corumbataiaé descrita para o Rio Maranhão, na bacia do Rio Tocantins na região central do Brasil. A nova espécie é diagnosticada dos demais congêneres pela presença de uma pequena área nua na ponta do focinho; por possuir o abdômen coberto por pequenas placas formando um escudo que alcança as placas laterais mid-ventrais; perfil anterior da cabeça arredondado em vista dorsal; lábio inferior não alcançando a linha transversal da cintura peitoral; e presença de 28 ou 29 vértebras. Altos valores de divergência genética também suportam a validade dessa nova espécie. Nossa análise filogenética encontrou um subclado derivado em Corumbataia, aqui denominado grupo Corumbataia cuestae, composto pela nova espécie mais C. cuestae, C. tocantinensis, C. britskii, C. liliai e C. lucianoi. Esse grupo é definido por possuir uma crista conspícua de odontódeos hipertrofiados na cabeça; ausência de nadadeira adiposa ou série única de placas na posição da nadadeira adiposa; anastomose dos canais sensoriais infraorbital e ótico sobre o pterótico-supracleitro. Aqui, nós também restringimos a distribuição de C. tocantinensisà bacia do Rio Araguaia.(AU)

Evaluation of hemostasis in female dogs with mammary carcinoma and the influence of clinical stage and histopathological grade

Background: Mammary tumors are frequent in female dogs, and are biologically similar in female dogs and humans.Hemostatic disorders are common in humans with cancer, and the mechanisms that conduct coagulation activation involvetissue and cancer procoagulant factors and inflammatory cytokines. Despite the importance of coagulopathy diagnosis thatevaluate hemostasis, veterinarians rarely request such tests in routine clinical oncology. This study aimed to investigate thepossible hemostatic abnormalities in female dogs with mammary carcinomas and assess any associations with prognosticfactors for mammary cancer in female dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 62 female dogs were selected for inclusion in this study regardless of age or breed.The control group consisted of 30 healthy dogs, and the carcinoma group consisted of 32 dogs with a histopathologicaldiagnosis of mammary carcinoma that was free of distant metastases and comorbidities that could interfere with the hemostatic system integrity. The dogs with mammary carcinoma were divided into subgroups according to their histologicaltype, histopathological grading, tumor size, and clinical stage of the disease (TNM) to evaluate the relationships betweenthe subgroups and hemostatic parameters (blood platelet counts, prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastintime [aPTT], and plasma fibrinogen concentration). The hemostatic parameters were significantly higher in the carcinomagroup than in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate that there is a strong association between the occurrenceof mammary carcinoma and abnormal hemostatic parameters...

Evaluation of hemostasis in female dogs with mammary carcinoma and the influence of clinical stage and histopathological grade

Background: Mammary tumors are frequent in female dogs, and are biologically similar in female dogs and humans.Hemostatic disorders are common in humans with cancer, and the mechanisms that conduct coagulation activation involvetissue and cancer procoagulant factors and inflammatory cytokines. Despite the importance of coagulopathy diagnosis thatevaluate hemostasis, veterinarians rarely request such tests in routine clinical oncology. This study aimed to investigate thepossible hemostatic abnormalities in female dogs with mammary carcinomas and assess any associations with prognosticfactors for mammary cancer in female dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 62 female dogs were selected for inclusion in this study regardless of age or breed.The control group consisted of 30 healthy dogs, and the carcinoma group consisted of 32 dogs with a histopathologicaldiagnosis of mammary carcinoma that was free of distant metastases and comorbidities that could interfere with the hemostatic system integrity. The dogs with mammary carcinoma were divided into subgroups according to their histologicaltype, histopathological grading, tumor size, and clinical stage of the disease (TNM) to evaluate the relationships betweenthe subgroups and hemostatic parameters (blood platelet counts, prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastintime [aPTT], and plasma fibrinogen concentration). The hemostatic parameters were significantly higher in the carcinomagroup than in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate that there is a strong association between the occurrenceof mammary carcinoma and abnormal hemostatic parameters...(AU)

Thrombocytosis: a retrospective study of 573 dogs (2016-2017) / Trombocitose: um estudo retrospectivo em 573 cães (2016-2017)

Thrombocytosis refers to the increase in number of platelets per microliter (µL) of blood. Platelet counts greater than 1,000,000/µL may be associated with clinical signs of bleeding or thrombosis. Previous studies on underlying causes of thrombocytosis have aroused the interest of researchers about its clinical importance in dogs. The objective of this study was to analyze the blood cell counts in dogs in order to define the main diseases or clinical conditions that were associated with thrombocytosis, from 2016 to 2017. This was done to determine the incidence of thrombocytosis, and categorize the increase in platelet count with respect to severity. Of the 12,676 blood samples analyzed, 4.5% presented thrombocytosis (n = 573). Similar mean platelet counts were observed in all diagnosis or different categories of clinical conditions (neoplasms; gastrointestinal, endocrine, and ophthalmological diseases; trauma and surgery; dermatological, cardiac, neurological, infectious, respiratory, genitourinary, idiopathic, and multiple diseases; and pregnancy) with no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05). The disorders most commonly associated with thrombocytosis were gastrointestinal diseases, followed by neoplasms. Furthermore, increased platelet counts were observed in dogs treated with glucocorticoids and vincristine drugs. As for the degree of severity, extreme thrombocytosis occurred more frequently in the presence of gastrointestinal diseases.

A trombocitose é o aumento do número de plaquetas por microlitro (µL) de sangue e contagens maiores que 1.000.000/µL podem estar associadas a sinais clínicos de sangramento ou trombose. Estudos anteriores sobre as causas subjacentes da trombocitose tem despertado o interesse quanto a sua importância clínica em cães. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar hemogramas de cães, com a finalidade de definir as principais doenças ou condições clínicas associadas à trombocitose dentro do período de dois anos, determinar a incidência e ainda categorizar as contagens de acordo com a severidade do aumento de plaquetas. De 12.676 hemogramas analisados, observou-se incidência de trombocitose de 4,5% (n=573). As contagens médias de plaquetas em todas as categorias de diagnósticos ou condições clínica (neoplasias, doenças gastrointestinais, endócrinas, oftalmológicas, traumas e cirurgias, dermatológicas, cardíacas, neurológicas, infecciosas, respiratórias, geniturinárias, idiopáticas, múltiplas e gestação) foram semelhantes, não havendo diferença significativa entre elas (P≥0,05). Os distúrbios mais comumente associados à trombocitose foram as doenças gastrointestinais seguidas de neoplasias. Além disso, os aumentos na contagem de plaquetas foram observados em cães tratados com glicocorticoides e vincristina. Quanto ao grau de severidade, a trombocitose extrema ocorreu mais frequentemente nas doenças gastrointestinais.

Thrombocytosis: a retrospective study of 573 dogs (2016-2017) / Trombocitose: um estudo retrospectivo em 573 cães (2016-2017)

Thrombocytosis refers to the increase in number of platelets per microliter (µL) of blood. Platelet counts greater than 1,000,000/µL may be associated with clinical signs of bleeding or thrombosis. Previous studies on underlying causes of thrombocytosis have aroused the interest of researchers about its clinical importance in dogs. The objective of this study was to analyze the blood cell counts in dogs in order to define the main diseases or clinical conditions that were associated with thrombocytosis, from 2016 to 2017. This was done to determine the incidence of thrombocytosis, and categorize the increase in platelet count with respect to severity. Of the 12,676 blood samples analyzed, 4.5% presented thrombocytosis (n = 573). Similar mean platelet counts were observed in all diagnosis or different categories of clinical conditions (neoplasms; gastrointestinal, endocrine, and ophthalmological diseases; trauma and surgery; dermatological, cardiac, neurological, infectious, respiratory, genitourinary, idiopathic, and multiple diseases; and pregnancy) with no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05). The disorders most commonly associated with thrombocytosis were gastrointestinal diseases, followed by neoplasms. Furthermore, increased platelet counts were observed in dogs treated with glucocorticoids and vincristine drugs. As for the degree of severity, extreme thrombocytosis occurred more frequently in the presence of gastrointestinal diseases.(AU)

A trombocitose é o aumento do número de plaquetas por microlitro (µL) de sangue e contagens maiores que 1.000.000/µL podem estar associadas a sinais clínicos de sangramento ou trombose. Estudos anteriores sobre as causas subjacentes da trombocitose tem despertado o interesse quanto a sua importância clínica em cães. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar hemogramas de cães, com a finalidade de definir as principais doenças ou condições clínicas associadas à trombocitose dentro do período de dois anos, determinar a incidência e ainda categorizar as contagens de acordo com a severidade do aumento de plaquetas. De 12.676 hemogramas analisados, observou-se incidência de trombocitose de 4,5% (n=573). As contagens médias de plaquetas em todas as categorias de diagnósticos ou condições clínica (neoplasias, doenças gastrointestinais, endócrinas, oftalmológicas, traumas e cirurgias, dermatológicas, cardíacas, neurológicas, infecciosas, respiratórias, geniturinárias, idiopáticas, múltiplas e gestação) foram semelhantes, não havendo diferença significativa entre elas (P≥0,05). Os distúrbios mais comumente associados à trombocitose foram as doenças gastrointestinais seguidas de neoplasias. Além disso, os aumentos na contagem de plaquetas foram observados em cães tratados com glicocorticoides e vincristina. Quanto ao grau de severidade, a trombocitose extrema ocorreu mais frequentemente nas doenças gastrointestinais.(AU)

Comparison of the prognostic value of platelet-based prognostic models in patients with malignant hepatic tumors after TACE therapy

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of 17 platelet-based prognostic scores in patients with malignant hepatic tumors after TACE therapy. Methods: In total, 92 patients were divided into death group and survival group according to long-term follow-up results. The AUC was calculated to determine the optimal cut-off values for predicting prognosis. To determine better prognostic models, platelet-based models were analyzed separately after being showed as binary according to cut-off values. Cumulative survival rates of malignant hepatic tumors were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves and differences were analyzed by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify platelet-based prognostic scores associated with overall survival. Results: Univariate analysis showed that APGA, APRI, FIB-4, FibroQ, GUCI, Kings score, Lok index, PAPAS, cirrhosis, number of tumors, vascular cancer embolus, AFP, ALP and APTT were significantly related to prognosis. A multivariate analysis showed that the APGA, number of tumors, ALP and APTT were independently associated with overall survival. Conclusion: This study showed that the APGA, a platelet-based prognostic score, was an independent marker of prognosis in patients with malignant hepatic tumors after TACE and was superior to the other platelet-based prognostic scores in terms of prognostic ability.(AU)

Hemoparasitos de piranhas vermelhas Pygocentrus nattereri (KNER, 1858) (characiformes: characidae) capturadas no Rio Vermelho, região do médio rio Araguaia, estado de goiás, GO / Hemoparasites of red piranha Pygocentrus nattereri (kner, 1858) (characiformes: characidae) captured in red river, middle araguaia river region, state of Goiás (GO), Brazil

This work aimed to evaluate blood smears of 128 red piranha specimens Pygocentrus nattereri (Kner, 1858) (Characiformes: Characidae) as for the presence of hemoparasites and blood cells that were visualized. Samples were collected in Rio Vermelho (Red River) (1510"44.73""S and 5109"55.83W""), in the Brazilian state of Goiás, between April 2012 and August 2013, including ebb, full and dry phases. After identificating and numbering the piranhas, we collected approximately 0.5 mL of blood from each animal, from the caudal vein or through intracardiac puncture, and two blood smears were done and stained with May GrünwaldGiemsa and Fast Panoptic stains. After euthanasia, the body mass and biometrics of every fish were measured. Abiotic factors of the river water were also analyzed, such as temperature and transparency. In general, the biometric parameters were higher in the full phase of the river, and the values obtained on water quality were similar in relation to the average temperature of the water, which was around 82,4F. The average transparency of the water varied, being greater at low tide. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, heterophile and lymphocytes were identified as blood cells of red piranhas and hemogregarines have been found in about 25% (32/128) of the blood smears.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar extensões sanguíneas de 128 espécimes de piranha vermelha Pygocentrus nattereri (Kner, 1858) (Characiformes: Characidae) quanto à presença de hemoparasitos e células sanguíneas visibilizadas. Foram realizadas coletas no Rio Vermelho (15º1044.73S e 51º0955.83O), no estado de Goiás, no período de abril de 2012 a agosto de 2013, abrangendo as fases vazante, cheia e seca. Após a identificação e numeração das piranhas, coletou-se cerca de 0,5 mL de sangue de cada animal por punção da veia caudal ou intracardíaca e confeccionou-se duas extensões sanguíneas, coradas pelo método de May Grünwald-Giemsa e Panótico Rápido. Depois de realizar a eutanásia, mediu-se a massa corporal e foi feita a biometria de cada peixe. Também foram analisados fatores abióticos da água no local, como a temperatura e a transparência. De maneira geral, os parâmetros biométricos foram superiores na enchente e os valores obtidos sobre a qualidade da água foram semelhantes em relação à temperatura média da água, que ficou em torno de 28C. A transparência média da água variou, sendo maior na vazante. Identificou-se eritrócitos, trombócitos, neutrófilos, heterófilos, eosinófilos, monócitos e linfócitos como células sanguíneas de piranhas vermelhas e hemogregarinas foram encontradas em cerca de 25% (32/128) das extensões.

Hemoparasitos de piranhas vermelhas Pygocentrus nattereri (KNER, 1858) (characiformes: characidae) capturadas no Rio Vermelho, região do médio rio Araguaia, estado de goiás, GO / Hemoparasites of red piranha Pygocentrus nattereri (kner, 1858) (characiformes: characidae) captured in red river, middle araguaia river region, state of Goiás (GO), Brazil

This work aimed to evaluate blood smears of 128 red piranha specimens Pygocentrus nattereri (Kner, 1858) (Characiformes: Characidae) as for the presence of hemoparasites and blood cells that were visualized. Samples were collected in Rio Vermelho (Red River) (1510"44.73""S and 5109"55.83W""), in the Brazilian state of Goiás, between April 2012 and August 2013, including ebb, full and dry phases. After identificating and numbering the piranhas, we collected approximately 0.5 mL of blood from each animal, from the caudal vein or through intracardiac puncture, and two blood smears were done and stained with May GrünwaldGiemsa and Fast Panoptic stains. After euthanasia, the body mass and biometrics of every fish were measured. Abiotic factors of the river water were also analyzed, such as temperature and transparency. In general, the biometric parameters were higher in the full phase of the river, and the values obtained on water quality were similar in relation to the average temperature of the water, which was around 82,4F. The average transparency of the water varied, being greater at low tide. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, heterophile and lymphocytes were identified as blood cells of red piranhas and hemogregarines have been found in about 25% (32/128) of the blood smears.(AU)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar extensões sanguíneas de 128 espécimes de piranha vermelha Pygocentrus nattereri (Kner, 1858) (Characiformes: Characidae) quanto à presença de hemoparasitos e células sanguíneas visibilizadas. Foram realizadas coletas no Rio Vermelho (15º1044.73S e 51º0955.83O), no estado de Goiás, no período de abril de 2012 a agosto de 2013, abrangendo as fases vazante, cheia e seca. Após a identificação e numeração das piranhas, coletou-se cerca de 0,5 mL de sangue de cada animal por punção da veia caudal ou intracardíaca e confeccionou-se duas extensões sanguíneas, coradas pelo método de May Grünwald-Giemsa e Panótico Rápido. Depois de realizar a eutanásia, mediu-se a massa corporal e foi feita a biometria de cada peixe. Também foram analisados fatores abióticos da água no local, como a temperatura e a transparência. De maneira geral, os parâmetros biométricos foram superiores na enchente e os valores obtidos sobre a qualidade da água foram semelhantes em relação à temperatura média da água, que ficou em torno de 28C. A transparência média da água variou, sendo maior na vazante. Identificou-se eritrócitos, trombócitos, neutrófilos, heterófilos, eosinófilos, monócitos e linfócitos como células sanguíneas de piranhas vermelhas e hemogregarinas foram encontradas em cerca de 25% (32/128) das extensões.(AU)

Hematological parameters of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with supplemented diet based on the mushroom Agaricus blazei / Parâmetros hematológicos de tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) alimentadas com dieta suplementada de cogumelo Agaricus blazei

Here, we tested the effect of diets with different levels of Agaricus blazei on hematological parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. We used 240 pre-adult fish that were fed twice a day for ten days. Fish were assigned randomly to three treatments, with two replicates each, which had different proportions of A. blazei, as follows: T1 - 0 mg, T2 - 750 mg, and T3 - 1500 mg/kg. After the experiment, we collected blood samples from eight fish of each treatment. There was an increase of immature leukocytes and hematocrit and a decrease of thrombocytes in fish fed with A.blazei.

Foi testado o efeito de dietas com diferentes proporções de Agaricus blazei em parâmetros hematológicos de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Utilizamos 240 peixes pré-adultos, que foram alimentados duas vezes por dia durante 10 dias. Os peixes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos com duas réplicas cada, nos quais variamos a proporção de ração de A. blazei: T1 - 0 mg, T2 - 750 mg e T3 - 1500 mg/kg. Após o experimento, coletamos o sangue de oito peixes de cada tratamento. Houve aumento de leucócitos imaturos e hematócrito e diminuição de trombócitos circulantes em peixes que receberam a suplementação com A.blazei.

Effects of heterologous platelet-rich plasma gel on standardized dermal wound healing in rabbits

PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential of heterologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel for surgical skin wound healing in rabbits METHODS: Blood from a single healthy dog was used for PRP production, with calcium gluconate added to the PRP to form the gel. Two surgical excisions, one to the right and the other to the left of the dorsal midline, were made in six rabbits. One side was randomly allocated to topical application of a physiological solution, and the other was allocated to treatment with heterologous PRP gel. Clinical assessments (weight, pain sensitivity, coloring, edema, hyperemia, exudation, crust, and granulation) and morphometric evaluations were performed 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 days postoperatively. Histological analysis was performed on the 17th day. RESULTS: With the exception of the presence of a crust at day 10, clinical variables did not differ significantly between the experimental groups. In both the control and PRP-treated groups, differences were identified when comparing time-points in terms of wound area reduction. Histological results indicated no significant differences between the control group and the PRP-treated group. CONCLUSION: Heterologous platelet-rich plasma gel promoted dermal wound healing in rabbits with no adverse effects.(AU)

Hematological parameters of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with supplemented diet based on the mushroom Agaricus blazei / Parâmetros hematológicos de tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) alimentadas com dieta suplementada de cogumelo Agaricus blazei

Here, we tested the effect of diets with different levels of Agaricus blazei on hematological parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. We used 240 pre-adult fish that were fed twice a day for ten days. Fish were assigned randomly to three treatments, with two replicates each, which had different proportions of A. blazei, as follows: T1 - 0 mg, T2 - 750 mg, and T3 - 1500 mg/kg. After the experiment, we collected blood samples from eight fish of each treatment. There was an increase of immature leukocytes and hematocrit and a decrease of thrombocytes in fish fed with A.blazei. (AU)

Foi testado o efeito de dietas com diferentes proporções de Agaricus blazei em parâmetros hematológicos de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Utilizamos 240 peixes pré-adultos, que foram alimentados duas vezes por dia durante 10 dias. Os peixes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos com duas réplicas cada, nos quais variamos a proporção de ração de A. blazei: T1 - 0 mg, T2 - 750 mg e T3 - 1500 mg/kg. Após o experimento, coletamos o sangue de oito peixes de cada tratamento. Houve aumento de leucócitos imaturos e hematócrito e diminuição de trombócitos circulantes em peixes que receberam a suplementação com A.blazei. (AU)