Diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumors in bitches - platelet indices are a remarkable marker?

Background: Hematological analyses are seen as more preferred laboratory analyses in canine transmissible venereal tumor studies. There is no information about the availability of platelets and their indices in routine practice in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. Taking this as a starting point, this study analyzed the usefulness of platelet indices in dogs with transmissible venereal tumor in clinical laboratory diagnosis as well as examined the relationship between white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets (PLT), main platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), and the ratio of main platelet volume to platelets (MPV/PLT). Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, a total of 42 bitches of various breeds were used. Nineteen healthy bitches were used as a control group, and the others 23 with cTVT as a study group. Metastasis was not observed in any of the bitches involved in the study. History, clinical findings, and cytological examinations were evaluated for the diagnosis of cTVT. In animals with hemorrhagic discharge and neoplastic lesions, a vaginal cytological examination was performed. Typical TVT cells with large nuclei and intracytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in the vaginal cytological examinations, and the diagnosis of TVT was made. Healthy bitches (19) and those with TVT (23) were 39.16 5.37 months and 47.61 5.14 months old, respectively. From all animals, 2 mL blood samples were collected from V. cephalica to evaluate PIs in the complete blood count (CBC). Collected blood samples were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. As a result of the analysis, WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCHC, RDW, PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, and MPV/PLT data were obtained. Mild leukocytosis, an increase in PLT, and a decrease in MCV and MPV/PLT were determined in the study group compared to the control group. Cut-off values in CBC of bitches with TVT were determined as WBC: 13.35 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 90%); MCV: 67 (sensitivity: 57%; specificity: 95%); PLT: 315.50 (sensitivity: 65%; specificity: 74%); and MPV/PLT: 0.028 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 58%). In CBC analyses, a strong negative correlation between PLT and MPV/PLT was detected in both groups. Discussion: Canine transmissible venereal tumors are common in both stray and pet dogs. It is naturally transferred from animal to animal during mating by live tumor cells. This tumor can commonly affect the external genitalia and internal organs in some cases. It generally has the look of cauliflower, and its surface is ulcerated, inflammatory, hemorrhagic, and infectious. More preferred laboratory analyses are complete blood count and blood chemistry analysis in cTVT for to evaluate the success of treatments. Platelet indices have been investigated in many diseases such as endotoxemia, chronic enteropathy, mammary tumor, parvoviral enteritis, septic peritonitis, lymphoma, pyometra, visceral leishmaniasis, and babesiosis in dogs. There is no information available for either diagnostic or prognostic use of the PIs in canine TVT cases. Ultimately, in light of the presented study's results, platelet indices, especially PLT and the MPV/PLT ratio, seem to be notable laboratory markers in terms of easy accessibility and low-cost assessment techniques in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. New data, however, should be established by a thorough follow-up study using a larger sample size and addressing its usefulness as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in canine transmissible venereal tumors.

Could dysregulation of RASSF1 expression be a mechanism of tumorigenesis in CTVT? / A desregulação da expressão de RASSF1 pode ser um mecanismo da tumorigênese em TVTC?

Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is the oldest known somatic cell lineage. It is a transmissible cancer that propagates naturally in dogs and reportedly contains gene mutations. RASSF1 participates in DNA damage repair, and its downregulation, results in tumor progression. Hence, RASSF1 is a tumor suppressor gene. Its expression was quantified in tumors from seventeen animals and three cell cultures derived from tumors. In general, RASSF1 was underexpressed in 65%, and absent in 35% of tumor samples. Cells from tumor tissue cultures showed decreased expression of RASSF1 in 67% and elevated expression in 33% of samples tested. The tumor tissues showed significantly lower levels of RASSF1 expression compared to cultured cells. Previously we reported that both the tumor microenvironment and the host immune system appear to influence the tumorigenesis and stage of CTVT. This is the first article to demonstrate the expression of RASSF1 in CTVT. Decreased RASSF1 possibly helps tumor progression.

O tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVTC) é a linhagem de células somáticas mais antiga conhecida. É um câncer transmissível que se propaga naturalmente em cães e mutações genéticas já foram relatadas. O gene RASSF1 atua no reparo de danos ao DNA e presume-se que, quando suprimido ou com expressão gênica reduzida, o TVTC tende a progredir. A expressão do gene supressor de tumor, como RASSF1, foi quantificada em tecidos de dezessete animais e três culturas de células de tecidos tumorais. Em geral, o gene RASSF1 apresentou prevalência de subexpressão (65%) e ausência em 35% dos demais tecidos analisados. Células isoladas de culturas de tecidos tumorais também demonstraram 67% com expressão diminuída e 33% com expressão elevada, com diferença significativa entre os níveis de expressão gênica em amostras de tecido quando comparadas às culturas de células, com tecidos apresentando níveis mais baixos de expressão gênica em comparação com células. Anteriormente, relatamos que tanto o microambiente tumoral quanto o sistema imunológico do hospedeiro parecem influenciar a tumorigênese e o estágio do TVTC. Este é o primeiro artigo a demonstrar a expressão de RASSF1 no TVTC, possivelmente alterando sua tumorigênese e auxiliando no aumento da progressão tumoral.

Primary ocular transmissible venereal tumor in a prepubescent female dog

Background: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a peculiar neoplasm resulting from the transmission of hostcancerous cells to another canid by implantation. Transmission occurs among reproductive age dogs, especially thosewith unrestricted sexual activity. It usually occurs on the external genitalia of dogs and other areas are unusual. However,implants have been described in injured mucosa, as well as metastases in lymph nodes, spleen, skin, anus and perianalspace, oral mucosa, nasal mucosa, eyeball and brain. The purpose of this report is to describe the first case of exclusivelyextragenital ocular CTVT in a prepubescent female dog.Case: A 6-month-old mixed-breed, non-spayed and prepubescent female dog, showing a fast-growing reddish-coloredmass in the right eye (RE), was examined. Blepharospasm, mild serosanguineous secretion, chemosis and a smooth surfacereddish mass with 2.5 cm in length occupying the orbital area were observed during physical examination, impairing thevisualization of the right eyeball. For ocular ultrasonography examination of the affected eye, acepromazine was used (0.03mg/kg) associated with methadone (0.3 mg/kg) intramuscularly, and propofol (4 mg/kg) for induction and 0.2 mg/kg formaintenance, intravenously. Ultrasonography examination evidenced an amorphous hyperechogenic structure, medial tothe RE, with homogeneous echotexture, punctiform vascularization to amplitude Doppler (Power Doppler), measuring 2.8cm in length and 1.4 cm in diameter, causing eyeball distortion and rejection. Based on ultrasonography results and withthe patient still anesthetized, an incisional biopsy of the peribulbar mass was performed with a 5 mm disposable punch.The final CTVT diagnosis was possible after histopathological analysis. No more CTVT nodules were found, especiallyin the vulva, which had a prepubescent appearance, consistent with age. Treatment...

Primary ocular transmissible venereal tumor in a prepubescent female dog

Background: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a peculiar neoplasm resulting from the transmission of hostcancerous cells to another canid by implantation. Transmission occurs among reproductive age dogs, especially thosewith unrestricted sexual activity. It usually occurs on the external genitalia of dogs and other areas are unusual. However,implants have been described in injured mucosa, as well as metastases in lymph nodes, spleen, skin, anus and perianalspace, oral mucosa, nasal mucosa, eyeball and brain. The purpose of this report is to describe the first case of exclusivelyextragenital ocular CTVT in a prepubescent female dog.Case: A 6-month-old mixed-breed, non-spayed and prepubescent female dog, showing a fast-growing reddish-coloredmass in the right eye (RE), was examined. Blepharospasm, mild serosanguineous secretion, chemosis and a smooth surfacereddish mass with 2.5 cm in length occupying the orbital area were observed during physical examination, impairing thevisualization of the right eyeball. For ocular ultrasonography examination of the affected eye, acepromazine was used (0.03mg/kg) associated with methadone (0.3 mg/kg) intramuscularly, and propofol (4 mg/kg) for induction and 0.2 mg/kg formaintenance, intravenously. Ultrasonography examination evidenced an amorphous hyperechogenic structure, medial tothe RE, with homogeneous echotexture, punctiform vascularization to amplitude Doppler (Power Doppler), measuring 2.8cm in length and 1.4 cm in diameter, causing eyeball distortion and rejection. Based on ultrasonography results and withthe patient still anesthetized, an incisional biopsy of the peribulbar mass was performed with a 5 mm disposable punch.The final CTVT diagnosis was possible after histopathological analysis. No more CTVT nodules were found, especiallyin the vulva, which had a prepubescent appearance, consistent with age. Treatment...(AU)

Do alterations in gene expressions influence tumorigenesis in the transmissible venereal tumor in dogs? / Alterações nas expressões gênicas influenciam na tumorigênese no tumor venéreo transmissível em cães?

Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a transmissible neoplasm, which spreads naturally between dogs through the halogenic transfer of tumor cells, mainly during coitus. It is the oldest known tumoral lineage in nature and reports on gene mutations have been extended. Also, this tumor shares several genetic mutations with some cancers in humans, among them lung carcinomas, melanoma, prostate, breast, among other cancers. Thus, expression of tumor suppressor genes such as TP53, P21, and apoptosis-related genes such as BAX, BCL-2, and BCL-xL, both in vivo and in vitro (primary cell culture) were quantified. In the present study, the comparison of gene expression, the TP53 gene, in most cases, was shown to be high in the majority of tissues (65%) and primary cell culture (100%), while BCL-2, BCL-xL, and BAX presented variation among the animals analyzed. Moreover, in these situations, the results suggested that the apoptotic regulation of these genes did not occur for TP53. The P21 gene was shown to be mostly normal (70%); although, absence (6%) and underexpressions (24%) were also observed. Statistical analysis of the BCL-xL gene demonstrated significant differences between the tissues of the animals when compared to the cell cultures; however, to the other genes, no statistical difference was observed between the groups. Preliminarily, the results suggested the presence of alterations in the gene expressions of the TP53, P21, BAX, BCL-2 and BCL-xL leading to loss of function in these genes, which affect the tumorigenesis of CTVT.(AU)

O tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVTC) se trata de uma neoplasia transmissível, que se propaga naturalmente entre os cães pela transferência halogênica de células tumorais, principalmente, durante o coito. É a mais antiga linhagem tumoral conhecida na natureza e relatos sobre mutações gênicas vêm sendo ampliadas. Além disso, este tumor compartilha uma série de mutações genéticas com alguns cânceres em seres humanos, dentre eles, carcinomas de pulmão, melanoma, próstata, mama, entre outros tipos de câncer. Assim, quantificou-se a expressão de genes supressores de tumores, como TP53, P21 e genes relacionados à apoptose, como BAX, BCL-2 e BCL-xL, tanto in vivo quanto in vitro (cultura celular primária). No presente estudo, na comparação das expressões gênicas, o gene TP53 se mostrou elevado na maioria dos casos em tecidos (65%) e em cultura celular primária (100%), enquanto BCL-2, BCL-xL e BAX apresentaram-se variáveis entre os animais analisados. Ademais, nessas situações os resultados sugerem que não ocorreu regulação apoptótica desses genes pelo TP53. O gene P21 mostrou-se, em sua maioria, normal (70%), embora a ausência (6%) e subexpressões (24%) também tenham sido observadas. A análise estatística do gene BCL-xL demonstrou diferenças significativas entre os tecidos dos animais, quando comparadas às culturas celulares, entretanto, para os demais genes, não foi observada diferença estatística entre os grupos. Preliminarmente, os resultados sugerem a presença de alterações nas expressões gênicas dos genes TP53, P21, BAX, BCL-2 e BCL-xL, levando a perda de função desses genes, os quais afetam a tumorigênese do CTVT.(AU)

Presença de Leishmania sp. e Dirofilaria immitis em / Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Canino cutâneo / Presence of Leishmania sp. and Dirofilaria immitis in Cutaneous Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor

Background: Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) is a neoplasm transmitted by implantation of its cells into genitaland extragenital organs, while Heartworm and Visceral Leishmaniasis are zoonosis transmitted by hematophagous insectsthat are often underdiagnosed in asymptomatic animals. Coinfection by the agents of these parasitosis is well documented,however, the association of both diseases with the CTVT is still unusual. Thus, it was aimed to report a case of incidentalidentification of microfilariae of D. immitis and amastigotes forms of Leishmania sp. in cutaneous CTVT by cytology in anasymptomatic dog for the parasitosis.Case: A 6-year-old, male, mongrel, sexually intact dog from the city of Patos, Paraiba, Brazil, was presented with a cutaneouscircumscribed tumoral lesion in a region adjacent to the right olecranon, with an ulcerated surface of reddish color, havingareas of necrosis inside and larvae (myiasis), draining bloody secretion. The material was collected for cytological analysis,which proved to be Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) with the presence of amastigote forms of Leishmania sp.and microfilariae of D. immitis among neoplastic cells. Blood count, serum urea, creatinine and albumin, ALT, AST, FA,CK, Na+, K+, Ca++, CK-MB, Troponin I (cTnI), Snap 4Dx Plus (Idexx®), Snap Leishmania (Idexx®), and Knott’s test wereperformed, plus chest radiography, blood pressure measurements and electrocardiogram (ECG). The alterations found corresponded to normochromic normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, microfilariae in the Knott test, increaseof CK, CK-MB and cTnI, positivity for Erlichia sp., Anaplasma sp., Leishmania sp. and Dirofilaria immitis. Furthermorecardiomegaly on radiographs and sinus arrhythmia associated with atrioventricular block (AVB) of the first degree on theECG. Euthanasia was performed after necropsy, in which adult worms were...

Presença de Leishmania sp. e Dirofilaria immitis em / Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Canino cutâneo / Presence of Leishmania sp. and Dirofilaria immitis in Cutaneous Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor

Background: Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) is a neoplasm transmitted by implantation of its cells into genitaland extragenital organs, while Heartworm and Visceral Leishmaniasis are zoonosis transmitted by hematophagous insectsthat are often underdiagnosed in asymptomatic animals. Coinfection by the agents of these parasitosis is well documented,however, the association of both diseases with the CTVT is still unusual. Thus, it was aimed to report a case of incidentalidentification of microfilariae of D. immitis and amastigotes forms of Leishmania sp. in cutaneous CTVT by cytology in anasymptomatic dog for the parasitosis.Case: A 6-year-old, male, mongrel, sexually intact dog from the city of Patos, Paraiba, Brazil, was presented with a cutaneouscircumscribed tumoral lesion in a region adjacent to the right olecranon, with an ulcerated surface of reddish color, havingareas of necrosis inside and larvae (myiasis), draining bloody secretion. The material was collected for cytological analysis,which proved to be Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) with the presence of amastigote forms of Leishmania sp.and microfilariae of D. immitis among neoplastic cells. Blood count, serum urea, creatinine and albumin, ALT, AST, FA,CK, Na+, K+, Ca++, CK-MB, Troponin I (cTnI), Snap 4Dx Plus (Idexx®), Snap Leishmania (Idexx®), and Knotts test wereperformed, plus chest radiography, blood pressure measurements and electrocardiogram (ECG). The alterations found corresponded to normochromic normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, microfilariae in the Knott test, increaseof CK, CK-MB and cTnI, positivity for Erlichia sp., Anaplasma sp., Leishmania sp. and Dirofilaria immitis. Furthermorecardiomegaly on radiographs and sinus arrhythmia associated with atrioventricular block (AVB) of the first degree on theECG. Euthanasia was performed after necropsy, in which adult worms were...(AU)

Three cases of exclusively extragenital canine transmissible Venereal Tumor (cTVT)

Background: Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (cTVT) is a neoplasia that affects mainly the genital organs of dogs, but can rich extragenital sites as well. It´s a tumor characterized microscopically by the presence of vacuolized round cells. Transmission occurs by implantation of these cells in non-affected tissues and the treatment is based on vincristine chemotherapy.Cases: Case 1. A 5-year-old intact male Poodle, presenting an increase volume of nasal plane came for veterinary care at a private veterinary clinic. The animal had bilateral bloody nasal secretion and dyspnea. The external genitalia had no alterations. The cytological evaluation confirmed cTVT. Treatment with vincristine sulfate weekly showed a rapid response with improvement of the respiratory condition, total remission of the mass and absence of neoplastic cells in cytology. Case 2. A 5-year-old mixed-breed canine bitch, weighing 6.7 kg, was brought to the State University of Santa Cruz Veterinary Hospital (UESC-VH), showing an increase volume in the nasal plan region, with complaints about sneezing, nasal bleeding, respiratory distress with approximately 4 months of evolution. The owner informed that the mother of these female dog, that lived in the same environment, died a month before the beginning of clinical signs of the bitch of this case, and showed a reddish vaginal mass with intense bleeding. Intranasal exfoliative cytology showed moderately cellular sample compatible with cTVT. The treatment with vincristine sulphate for 6 weeks, showed completely remission of all clinical signs. Case 3. A 3-year-old mixed-breed male dog was brought to the UESC-VH with a reddish, friable mass located in the left eye. The citology confirmed the clinical suspicion of cTVT. After six weekly sessions of chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate, the tumor regressed and a new cytological evaluation was performed, without visible of tumor cells.[...]

Three cases of exclusively extragenital canine transmissible Venereal Tumor (cTVT)

Background: Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (cTVT) is a neoplasia that affects mainly the genital organs of dogs, but can rich extragenital sites as well. It´s a tumor characterized microscopically by the presence of vacuolized round cells. Transmission occurs by implantation of these cells in non-affected tissues and the treatment is based on vincristine chemotherapy.Cases: Case 1. A 5-year-old intact male Poodle, presenting an increase volume of nasal plane came for veterinary care at a private veterinary clinic. The animal had bilateral bloody nasal secretion and dyspnea. The external genitalia had no alterations. The cytological evaluation confirmed cTVT. Treatment with vincristine sulfate weekly showed a rapid response with improvement of the respiratory condition, total remission of the mass and absence of neoplastic cells in cytology. Case 2. A 5-year-old mixed-breed canine bitch, weighing 6.7 kg, was brought to the State University of Santa Cruz Veterinary Hospital (UESC-VH), showing an increase volume in the nasal plan region, with complaints about sneezing, nasal bleeding, respiratory distress with approximately 4 months of evolution. The owner informed that the mother of these female dog, that lived in the same environment, died a month before the beginning of clinical signs of the bitch of this case, and showed a reddish vaginal mass with intense bleeding. Intranasal exfoliative cytology showed moderately cellular sample compatible with cTVT. The treatment with vincristine sulphate for 6 weeks, showed completely remission of all clinical signs. Case 3. A 3-year-old mixed-breed male dog was brought to the UESC-VH with a reddish, friable mass located in the left eye. The citology confirmed the clinical suspicion of cTVT. After six weekly sessions of chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate, the tumor regressed and a new cytological evaluation was performed, without visible of tumor cells.[...](AU)

Immunohistochemical, lectin histochemical and ultrastructural studies of canine transmissible venereal tumor in Brazil

ABSTRACT: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a naturally occurring contagious round-cell neoplasia, with poorly understood origin and transmission. This study aims to further investigate the tumor nature through immunohistochemistry, lectin histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and to provide support for diagnostic and differential diagnoses of CTVT. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 10 genital and six exclusively extragenital tumors, which were previously diagnosed by citology and histopathology. CTVT samples were incubated with biotinylated antibodies to specific membrane and cytoplasmic antigens (anti-lysozyme, anti-macrophage, anti-vimentin, anti-CD18, monoclonal anti-CD117, monoclonal anti-CD3, polyclonal anti-CD117, polyclonal CD3 and anti-CD79a), followed by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. The lectins Con A, DBA, SBA, PNA, UEA-1, WGA, sWGA, GSL, JSA, PSA, PHA-L, PHA-E and RCA were additionally tested in four genital CTVTs and TEM was performed in eight genital tumors. The anti-vimentin antibody revealed strong immunoreactivity to neoplastic cells in all the assessed samples (16/16). The polyclonal anti-CD3 antibodies showed moderate to strong immunoreactivity in fourteen (14/16) and the polyclonal anti-CD117 in fifteen cases (15/16). There was no immunoreactivity to anti-lysozyme, anti-macrophage, anti-CD18, monoclonal anti-CD117, monoclonal anti-CD3 and anti-CD79a antibodies. At lectin histochemistry, it was observed strong staining of tumor cells to Con-A, PHA-L and RCA. There was no histopathological and immunoreactivity differences between genital and extragenital CTVTs. These findings do not support the hypothesis of histiocytic origin of CTVT. In contrast, the lectin histochemical results were similar to cells from lymphoid/myeloid origin.

RESUMO: O Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Canino (CTVT) é uma neoplasia de células células redondas, contagiosa, com origem e transmissão ainda mal compreendidas. Com a finalidade de aprofundar a investigação sobre a natureza (origem) do TVTC, bem como fornecer subsídios para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico e diagnóstico diferencial, realizaram-se avaliações imuno-histoquímica, lectino-histoquímica e ultraestrutural de TVTC(s). A avaliação imuno-histoquímica foi feita em 10 TVTCs genitais e em 6 exclusivamente extragenitais previamente diagnosticados através de citologia e da histopatologia. Os TVTCs foram testados para reagentes específicos de antígenos de membrana e citoplasmáticos (anti-lisozima, anti-macrófago, anti-vimentina, anti-CD18, anti-CD3, anti-CD79, anti-CD117) com utilização da técnica complexo avidina-biotina-peroxidase. Adicionalmente, foram utilizadas as lectinas Con A, DBA, SBA, PNA, UEA-1, WGA, sWGA, GSL, SJA, PSA, PHA-L, PHA-E e RCA em quatro TVTCs genitais. Microscopia eletrônica foi realizada em oito TVTC genitais. Em 100% dos tumores testados (16/16) com anticorpo anti-vimentina (mono e policlonal) houve forte imuno-reatividade. Não houve reatividade para os anticorpos anti-lisozima, anti-macrófago, anti-CD18, anti-CD3, anti-CD79a e anti-CD117 quando empregamos anticorpos monoclonais, entretanto, com a utilização de anticorpos policlonais verificou-se marcação dos tumores com os anticorpos anti-CD3 e anti-CD117. Na avaliação lectino-histoquímica foi verificada forte marcação das células tumorais com Con-A, PHA-L e RCA. Não houve diferença histopatológica e de imuno-reatividade entre os TVTCs genitais e extragenitais. Estes achados não corroboram com a hipótese da origem histiocítica do CTVT (ausência de reatividade dos anticorpos anti-lisozima, anti-macrófago e anti-CD18), entretanto, os resultados da avaliação lectino-histoquímica foram em parte similares aos obtidos quando células de origem linfóide/mielóide (ConA, PHA-L e RCA) foram analisadas (Gimeno et al. 1995).

Immunohistochemical, lectin histochemical and ultrastructural studies of canine transmissible venereal tumor in Brazil / Estudos imuno-histoquímico, lectino-histoquímico e ultraestrutural do Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Canino no Brasil

Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a naturally occurring contagious round-cell neoplasia, with poorly understood origin and transmission. This study aims to further investigate the tumor nature through immunohistochemistry, lectin histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and to provide support for diagnostic and differential diagnoses of CTVT. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 10 genital and six exclusively extragenital tumors, which were previously diagnosed by citology and histopathology. CTVT samples were incubated with biotinylated antibodies to specific membrane and cytoplasmic antigens (anti-lysozyme, anti-macrophage, anti-vimentin, anti-CD18, monoclonal anti-CD117, monoclonal anti-CD3, polyclonal anti-CD117, polyclonal CD3 and anti-CD79a), followed by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. The lectins Con A, DBA, SBA, PNA, UEA-1, WGA, sWGA, GSL, JSA, PSA, PHA-L, PHA-E and RCA were additionally tested in four genital CTVTs and TEM was performed in eight genital tumors. The anti-vimentin antibody revealed strong immunoreactivity to neoplastic cells in all the assessed samples (16/16). The polyclonal anti-CD3 antibodies showed moderate to strong immunoreactivity in fourteen (14/16) and the polyclonal anti-CD117 in fifteen cases (15/16). There was no immunoreactivity to anti-lysozyme, anti-macrophage, anti-CD18, monoclonal anti-CD117, monoclonal anti-CD3 and anti-CD79a antibodies. At lectin histochemistry, it was observed strong staining of tumor cells to Con-A, PHA-L and RCA. There was no histopathological and immunoreactivity differences between genital and extragenital CTVTs. These findings do not support the hypothesis of histiocytic origin of CTVT. In contrast, the lectin histochemical results were similar to cells from lymphoid/myeloid origin.(AU)

O Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Canino (CTVT) é uma neoplasia de células células redondas, contagiosa, com origem e transmissão ainda mal compreendidas. Com a finalidade de aprofundar a investigação sobre a natureza (origem) do TVTC, bem como fornecer subsídios para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico e diagnóstico diferencial, realizaram-se avaliações imuno-histoquímica, lectino-histoquímica e ultraestrutural de TVTC(s). A avaliação imuno-histoquímica foi feita em 10 TVTCs genitais e em 6 exclusivamente extragenitais previamente diagnosticados através de citologia e da histopatologia. Os TVTCs foram testados para reagentes específicos de antígenos de membrana e citoplasmáticos (anti-lisozima, anti-macrófago, anti-vimentina, anti-CD18, anti-CD3, anti-CD79, anti-CD117) com utilização da técnica complexo avidina-biotina-peroxidase. Adicionalmente, foram utilizadas as lectinas Con A, DBA, SBA, PNA, UEA-1, WGA, sWGA, GSL, SJA, PSA, PHA-L, PHA-E e RCA em quatro TVTCs genitais. Microscopia eletrônica foi realizada em oito TVTC genitais. Em 100% dos tumores testados (16/16) com anticorpo anti-vimentina (mono e policlonal) houve forte imuno-reatividade. Não houve reatividade para os anticorpos anti-lisozima, anti-macrófago, anti-CD18, anti-CD3, anti-CD79a e anti-CD117 quando empregamos anticorpos monoclonais, entretanto, com a utilização de anticorpos policlonais verificou-se marcação dos tumores com os anticorpos anti-CD3 e anti-CD117. Na avaliação lectino-histoquímica foi verificada forte marcação das células tumorais com Con-A, PHA-L e RCA. Não houve diferença histopatológica e de imuno-reatividade entre os TVTCs genitais e extragenitais. Estes achados não corroboram com a hipótese da origem histiocítica do CTVT (ausência de reatividade dos anticorpos anti-lisozima, anti-macrófago e anti-CD18), entretanto, os resultados da avaliação lectino-histoquímica foram em parte similares aos obtidos quando células de origem linfóide/mielóide (ConA, PHA-L e RCA) foram analisadas (Gimeno et al. 1995).(AU)

Immunohistochemical, lectin histochemical and ultrastructural studies of canine transmissible venereal tumor in Brazil / Estudos imuno-histoquímico, lectino-histoquímico e ultraestrutural do Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Canino no Brasil

Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a naturally occurring contagious round-cell neoplasia, with poorly understood origin and transmission. This study aims to further investigate the tumor nature through immunohistochemistry, lectin histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and to provide support for diagnostic and differential diagnoses of CTVT. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 10 genital and six exclusively extragenital tumors, which were previously diagnosed by citology and histopathology. CTVT samples were incubated with biotinylated antibodies to specific membrane and cytoplasmic antigens (anti-lysozyme, anti-macrophage, anti-vimentin, anti-CD18, monoclonal anti-CD117, monoclonal anti-CD3, polyclonal anti-CD117, polyclonal CD3 and anti-CD79a), followed by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. The lectins Con A, DBA, SBA, PNA, UEA-1, WGA, sWGA, GSL, JSA, PSA, PHA-L, PHA-E and RCA were additionally tested in four genital CTVTs and TEM was performed in eight genital tumors. The anti-vimentin antibody revealed strong immunoreactivity to neoplastic cells in all the assessed samples (16/16). The polyclonal anti-CD3 antibodies showed moderate to strong immunoreactivity in fourteen (14/16) and the polyclonal anti-CD117 in fifteen cases (15/16). There was no immunoreactivity to anti-lysozyme, anti-macrophage, anti-CD18, monoclonal anti-CD117, monoclonal anti-CD3 and anti-CD79a antibodies. At lectin histochemistry, it was observed strong staining of tumor cells to Con-A, PHA-L and RCA. There was no histopathological and immunoreactivity differences between genital and extragenital CTVTs. These findings do not support the hypothesis of histiocytic origin of CTVT. In contrast, the lectin histochemical results were similar to cells from lymphoid/myeloid origin.(AU)

O Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Canino (CTVT) é uma neoplasia de células células redondas, contagiosa, com origem e transmissão ainda mal compreendidas. Com a finalidade de aprofundar a investigação sobre a natureza (origem) do TVTC, bem como fornecer subsídios para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico e diagnóstico diferencial, realizaram-se avaliações imuno-histoquímica, lectino-histoquímica e ultraestrutural de TVTC(s). A avaliação imuno-histoquímica foi feita em 10 TVTCs genitais e em 6 exclusivamente extragenitais previamente diagnosticados através de citologia e da histopatologia. Os TVTCs foram testados para reagentes específicos de antígenos de membrana e citoplasmáticos (anti-lisozima, anti-macrófago, anti-vimentina, anti-CD18, anti-CD3, anti-CD79, anti-CD117) com utilização da técnica complexo avidina-biotina-peroxidase. Adicionalmente, foram utilizadas as lectinas Con A, DBA, SBA, PNA, UEA-1, WGA, sWGA, GSL, SJA, PSA, PHA-L, PHA-E e RCA em quatro TVTCs genitais. Microscopia eletrônica foi realizada em oito TVTC genitais. Em 100% dos tumores testados (16/16) com anticorpo anti-vimentina (mono e policlonal) houve forte imuno-reatividade. Não houve reatividade para os anticorpos anti-lisozima, anti-macrófago, anti-CD18, anti-CD3, anti-CD79a e anti-CD117 quando empregamos anticorpos monoclonais, entretanto, com a utilização de anticorpos policlonais verificou-se marcação dos tumores com os anticorpos anti-CD3 e anti-CD117. Na avaliação lectino-histoquímica foi verificada forte marcação das células tumorais com Con-A, PHA-L e RCA. Não houve diferença histopatológica e de imuno-reatividade entre os TVTCs genitais e extragenitais. Estes achados não corroboram com a hipótese da origem histiocítica do CTVT (ausência de reatividade dos anticorpos anti-lisozima, anti-macrófago e anti-CD18), entretanto, os resultados da avaliação lectino-histoquímica foram em parte similares aos obtidos quando células de origem linfóide/mielóide (ConA, PHA-L e RCA) foram analisadas (Gimeno et al. 1995).(AU)

Avaliação epidemiológica dos casos de tumor venéreo transmissível diagnosticados no Setor de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal do Piauí / Epidemiologic evaluation of transmissible venereal tumor cases diagnosed in Animal Pathology Sector of Federal University of Piauí

In order to establish the frequency of VTT diagnosed by cytological examination at the AnimalPathology Department of Federal University of Piauí considering the gender, age and breed, a study ofdiagnosed cases was performed between January 2015 and November 2016. It was observed a higher incidencein males, average age in three years, non-owned dogs, occurring mostly in the external genitalia. TVT is animportant neoplasia affecting mainly canine reproductive organs.(AU)

Avaliação epidemiológica dos casos de tumor venéreo transmissível diagnosticados no Setor de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal do Piauí / Epidemiologic evaluation of transmissible venereal tumor cases diagnosed in Animal Pathology Sector of Federal University of Piauí

In order to establish the frequency of VTT diagnosed by cytological examination at the AnimalPathology Department of Federal University of Piauí considering the gender, age and breed, a study ofdiagnosed cases was performed between January 2015 and November 2016. It was observed a higher incidencein males, average age in three years, non-owned dogs, occurring mostly in the external genitalia. TVT is animportant neoplasia affecting mainly canine reproductive organs.

Prevalence of different cytomorphological types of transmissible venereal tumours and the association with prognosis in dogs treated with vincristine sulphate: retrospective study / Prevalência dos diferentes tipos morfológicos de tumor venéreo transmissível e a associação com o prognóstico dos cães tratados com sulfato de vincristina: estudo retrospectivo

Canine transmissible venereal tumours (CTVT) are the most commonly diagnosed tumours in veterinary hospitals. CTVT is morphologically classified as a round cell tumour, although the exact origin of the cells is unknown. Immunohistochemical studies have suggested histiocytic and mesenchymal origin. CTVT can be classified as lymphocyte-like, plasmocyte-like, and mixed according to their cytomorphological features. The treatment of choice for CTVT is chemotherapy with vincristine sulphate applied weekly; this produces a good prognosis. However, an increase in the number of chemotherapy applications and adjuvant therapies has become common. The aim of this study was to determine the association of cytomorphological types of CTVT with resistance and partial resistance to vincristine sulphate and the possible need for a large number of chemotherapy sessions. A retrospective study of a 24-month period evaluated 46 diagnosed and treated cases of CTVT. It was concluded that there is a higher prevalence of plasmacyte-like, followed by mixed and lymphocyte-like CTVT. The cytomorphological type did not differ in relation to the response to the treatments with vincristine sulphate and the number of chemotherapy sessions necessary for CTVT regression has increased by factors not yet elucidated.(AU)

O tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVT) é a neoplasia mais comumente diagnosticada nos hospitais veterinários, morfologicamente é classificado como células tumorais redondas, embora a origem exata dessas células seja desconhecida, estudos imunohistoquímicos sugerem origem histocítica e mesenquimal. O TVT pode ser classificado de acordo com suas características citomorfológicas como linfocítico, plasmocítico e misto,. Geralmente são benignos, entretanto podem apresentar metástase. O tratamento de escolha do TVT é quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina aplicada uma vez por semana, com um bom prognóstico. Contudo, nos últimos anos tem se observado a necessidade de aumento no número de aplicações da quimioterapia e terapias adjuvantes. O objetivo nesse estudo foi associar os tipos morfológicos de TVT com a resposta a quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina, em um estudo retrospectivo realizado no período de 24 meses com 46 casos. Pode-se concluir que há uma maior prevalência dos tipos de TVT plasmocítico, seguido do misto e depois do linfocítico, e que os tipos citomorfológicos não diferem em relação à resposta ao tratamento com sulfato de vincristina. O número de sessões de quimioterapia necessárias para regressão do TVT teve um aumento por fatores ainda não elucidados.(AU)

Estudo da variação neutropênica pelo sulfato de vincristina em cães com tvt tratados em um hospital veterinário do noroeste paulista / Neutropenic variation by vincristine sulfate in tvt dogs treated in a veterinary hospital in northwestern são paulo / Estudio de la variación neutropénica por sulfato de vincristina en perros con tvt tratados en el hospital veterinario del noroeste paulista

O presente estudo avaliou dados epidemiológicos de neutropenia induzida por sulfato vincristina em cães com Tumor Venéreo Transmissível (TVT), num Hospital Veterinário do Noroeste paulista. Para tanto, trata-se de um estudo do tipo retrospectivo de protocolos eletrônicos e formulários manuais de dados digitalizados de 51 casos de TVT. O atendimento ambulatorial e de internação desses animais foi realizado no período de setembro de 2006 a dezembro de 2009. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que 51 animais foram diagnosticados com TVT, sendo 37 fêmeas (73%) e 14 (27%) machos; 46 animais (90,2%) foram tratados exclusivamente com sulfato de vincristina. Os cães Sem Raça Definida-SRD (n=28) foram os maiores acometidos com 54,9%; seguidos pelos Poodles com quatro cães (7,84%). Os animais com idade entre 37 e 84 meses obtiveram a maior porcentagem de acometimento pelo TVT com 20 casos (39,22%). Em doze animais (23,52%) foi observada neutropenia (valores entre 390 a 1927 cél/µL). Conclusão: a possível toxicidade medular induzida pela vincristina foi verificada pela descrição da neutropenia. Dessa forma, a identificação de quadros neutropênicos, por meio da realização de hemogramas semanais, é considerada obrigatória e de extrema relevância devido à prevalência de mielotoxicidade secundária à utilização deste quimioterápico.

The present study aims to assess epidemiological data on neutropenia induced by vincristine sulfate among dogs with Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) at a veterinary hospital in the Northwestern region in the São Paulo State. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of electronic protocols and digitalized data from manually filled form from 51 CTVT cases. These animals were treated in an outpatient care clinic and hospitalization took place from September 2006 to December 2009. Results: 51 animals were diagnosed with CTVT; among these, 37 were female (73%) and 14 were male (27%). From these, 46 animals (90.2%) were treated exclusively with vincristine sulfate. Among them, mongrels (n=28) were the most common, with 54.9%, followed by Poodles, with 4 dogs (7.84%). Animals aged from 37 and 84 months were the largest age group, with 20 cases (39.22 %). Neutropenia (390 to 1927 cells/µL) was observed in 12 animals. Conclusion: possible vincristine-induced marrow toxicity was verified by the description of neutropenia. Thus, neutropenia identification through weekly blood count cells is considered extremely important and mandatory due to the prevalence of myelotoxicity following treatment with this chemotherapeutic drug.

Este estudio busca evaluar datos epidemiológicos de neutropenia inducida por sulfato vincristina en perros con Tumor Venéreo Transmisible (TVT), en un Hospital Veterinario del Noroeste Paulista. Es un estudio del tipo retrospectivo de protocolos electrónicos y formularios manuales de datos digitalizados de 51 casos de TVT. El atendimiento de ambulatorio y de internación de esos animales se realizó en el período de septiembre de 2006 a diciembre de 2009. Entre los resultados, se destaca que 51 animales fueron diagnosticados con TVT, siendo 37 hembras (73%) y 14 (27%) machos; 46 animales (90,2%) fueron tratados exclusivamente con sulfato de vincristina. Los perros Sin Raza Definida ? SRD (n=28) fueron los más acometidos con 54,9%; seguidos por los Poodles con cuatro perros (7,84%). Los animales con edad entre 37 y 84 meses obtuvieron mayor porcentaje de acometimiento por TVT, con 20 casos (39,22%). En doce animales (23,52%0 se ha observado neutropenia (valores entre 390 a 1927 cél/µL). Conclusión: la posible toxicidad medular inducida por vincristina se ha verificado por la descripción de la neutropenia. Así, la identificación de cuadros neutropénicos por medio de realización de hemogramas semanales, es considerada obligatoria y de extrema relevancia debido a la prevalencia de mielotoxicidad secundaria a la utilización de este quimioterápico.

Estudo da variação neutropênica pelo sulfato de vincristina em cães com tvt tratados em um hospital veterinário do noroeste paulista / Neutropenic variation by vincristine sulfate in tvt dogs treated in a veterinary hospital in northwestern são paulo / Estudio de la variación neutropénica por sulfato de vincristina en perros con tvt tratados en el hospital veterinario del noroeste paulista

O presente estudo avaliou dados epidemiológicos de neutropenia induzida por sulfato vincristina em cães com Tumor Venéreo Transmissível (TVT), num Hospital Veterinário do Noroeste paulista. Para tanto, trata-se de um estudo do tipo retrospectivo de protocolos eletrônicos e formulários manuais de dados digitalizados de 51 casos de TVT. O atendimento ambulatorial e de internação desses animais foi realizado no período de setembro de 2006 a dezembro de 2009. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que 51 animais foram diagnosticados com TVT, sendo 37 fêmeas (73%) e 14 (27%) machos; 46 animais (90,2%) foram tratados exclusivamente com sulfato de vincristina. Os cães Sem Raça Definida-SRD (n=28) foram os maiores acometidos com 54,9%; seguidos pelos Poodles com quatro cães (7,84%). Os animais com idade entre 37 e 84 meses obtiveram a maior porcentagem de acometimento pelo TVT com 20 casos (39,22%). Em doze animais (23,52%) foi observada neutropenia (valores entre 390 a 1927 cél/µL). Conclusão: a possível toxicidade medular induzida pela vincristina foi verificada pela descrição da neutropenia. Dessa forma, a identificação de quadros neutropênicos, por meio da realização de hemogramas semanais, é considerada obrigatória e de extrema relevância devido à prevalência de mielotoxicidade secundária à utilização deste quimioterápico.(AU)

The present study aims to assess epidemiological data on neutropenia induced by vincristine sulfate among dogs with Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) at a veterinary hospital in the Northwestern region in the São Paulo State. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of electronic protocols and digitalized data from manually filled form from 51 CTVT cases. These animals were treated in an outpatient care clinic and hospitalization took place from September 2006 to December 2009. Results: 51 animals were diagnosed with CTVT; among these, 37 were female (73%) and 14 were male (27%). From these, 46 animals (90.2%) were treated exclusively with vincristine sulfate. Among them, mongrels (n=28) were the most common, with 54.9%, followed by Poodles, with 4 dogs (7.84%). Animals aged from 37 and 84 months were the largest age group, with 20 cases (39.22 %). Neutropenia (390 to 1927 cells/µL) was observed in 12 animals. Conclusion: possible vincristine-induced marrow toxicity was verified by the description of neutropenia. Thus, neutropenia identification through weekly blood count cells is considered extremely important and mandatory due to the prevalence of myelotoxicity following treatment with this chemotherapeutic drug.(AU)

Este estudio busca evaluar datos epidemiológicos de neutropenia inducida por sulfato vincristina en perros con Tumor Venéreo Transmisible (TVT), en un Hospital Veterinario del Noroeste Paulista. Es un estudio del tipo retrospectivo de protocolos electrónicos y formularios manuales de datos digitalizados de 51 casos de TVT. El atendimiento de ambulatorio y de internación de esos animales se realizó en el período de septiembre de 2006 a diciembre de 2009. Entre los resultados, se destaca que 51 animales fueron diagnosticados con TVT, siendo 37 hembras (73%) y 14 (27%) machos; 46 animales (90,2%) fueron tratados exclusivamente con sulfato de vincristina. Los perros Sin Raza Definida ? SRD (n=28) fueron los más acometidos con 54,9%; seguidos por los Poodles con cuatro perros (7,84%). Los animales con edad entre 37 y 84 meses obtuvieron mayor porcentaje de acometimiento por TVT, con 20 casos (39,22%). En doce animales (23,52%0 se ha observado neutropenia (valores entre 390 a 1927 cél/µL). Conclusión: la posible toxicidad medular inducida por vincristina se ha verificado por la descripción de la neutropenia. Así, la identificación de cuadros neutropénicos por medio de realización de hemogramas semanales, es considerada obligatoria y de extrema relevancia debido a la prevalencia de mielotoxicidad secundaria a la utilización de este quimioterápico. (AU)

Estudo da variação neutropênica pelo sulfato de vincristina em cães com tvt tratados em um hospital veterinário do Noroeste Paulista / Neutropenic variation by vincristine sulfate in tvt dogs treated in a veterinary hospital in northwestern São Paulo / Estudio de la variación neutropénica por sulfato de vincristina en perros con tvt tratados en el hospital veterinario del Noroeste Paulista

O presente estudo avaliou dados epidemiológicos de neutropenia induzida por sulfato vincristina em cães com Tumor Venéreo Transmissível (TVT), num Hospital Veterinário do Noroeste paulista. Para tanto, trata-se de um estudo do tipo retrospectivo de protocolos eletrônicos e formulários manuais de dados digitalizados de 51 casos de TVT. O atendimento ambulatorial e de internação desses animais foi realizado no período de setembro de 2006 a dezembro de 2009. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que 51 animais foram diagnosticados com TVT, sendo 37 fêmeas (73%) e 14 (27%) machos; 46 animais (90,2%) foram tratados exclusivamente com sulfato de vincristina. Os cães Sem Raça Definida-SRD (n=28) foram os maiores acometidos com 54,9%; seguidos pelos Poodles com quatro cães (7,84%). Os animais com idade entre 37 e 84 meses obtiveram a maior porcentagem de acometimento pelo TVT com 20 casos (39,22%). Em doze animais (23,52%) foi observada neutropenia (valores entre 390 a 1927 cél/µL). Conclusão: a possível toxicidade medular induzida pela vincristina foi verificada pela descrição da neutropenia. Dessa forma, a identificação de quadros neutropênicos, por meio da realização de hemogramas semanais, é considerada obrigatória e de extrema relevância devido à prevalência de mielotoxicidade secundária à utilização deste quimioterápico.(AU)

Objective: The present study aims to assess epidemiological data on neutropenia induced by vincristine sulfate among dogs with Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) at a veterinary hospital in the Northwestern region in the São Paulo State. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of electronic protocols and digitalized data from manually filled form from 51 CTVT cases. These animals were treated in an outpatient care clinic and hospitalization took place from September 2006 to December 2009. Results: 51 animals were diagnosed with CTVT; among these, 37 were female (73%) and 14 were male (27%). From these, 46 animals (90.2%) were treated exclusively with vincristine sulfate. Among them, mongrels (n=28) were the most common, with 54.9%, followed by Poodles, with 4 dogs (7.84%). Animals aged from 37 and 84 months were the largest age group, with 20 cases (39.22 %). Neutropenia (390 to 1927 cells/µL) was observed in 12 animals. Conclusion: possible vincristine-induced marrow toxicity was verified by the description of neutropenia. Thus, neutropenia identification through weekly blood count cells is considered extremely important and mandatory due to the prevalence of myelotoxicity following treatment with this chemotherapeutic drug.(AU)

Este estudio busca evaluar datos epidemiológicos de neutropenia inducida por sulfato vincristina en perros con Tumor Venéreo Transmisible (TVT), en un Hospital Veterinario del Noroeste Paulista. Es un estudio del tipo retrospectivo de protocolos electrónicos y formularios manuales de datos digitalizados de 51 casos de TVT. El atendimiento de ambulatorio y de internación de esos animales se realizó en el período de septiembre de 2006 a diciembre de 2009. Entre los resultados, se destaca que 51 animales fueron diagnosticados con TVT, siendo 37 hembras (73%) y 14 (27%) machos; 46 animales (90,2%) fueron tratados exclusivamente con sulfato de vincristina. Los perros Sin Raza Definida SRD (n=28) fueron los más acometidos con 54,9%; seguidos por los Poodles con cuatro perros (7,84%). Los animales con edad entre 37 y 84 meses obtuvieron mayor porcentaje de acometimiento por TVT, con 20 casos (39,22%). En doce animales (23,52%0 se ha observado neutropenia (valores entre 390 a 1927 cél/µL). Conclusión: la posible toxicidad medular inducida por vincristina se há verificado por la descripción de la neutropenia. Así, la identificación de cuadros neutropénicos por medio de realización de hemogramas semanales, es considerada obligatoria y de extrema relevancia debido a la prevalencia de mielotoxicidad secundaria a la utilización de este quimioterápico.(AU)

ASPECTOS CLÍNICOS E EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS DO CARCINOMA MAMÁRIO E TUMOR VENÉREO TRANSMISSÍVEL EM CANINOS E DO HEMANGIOSSARCOMA EM UM FELINO

Objetivou-se com a tese demonstrar os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos relacionados ao câncer de mama e tumor venéreo transmissível em cães, e relatar um caso de otohematoma secundário a hemangiossarcoma em um gato. No primeiro capítulo foram analisadas informações referentes à identificação, escore nutricional, epidemiologia, exame físico das cadeias mamárias e diagnóstico de 80 cadelas com (n=40) e sem (n=40) neoplasia mamária. Prevaleceram aquelas sem raça definida, idosas, com escore nutricional normal, não castradas, não submetidas à contraceptivos, apresentando cio irregular e submetidas ao controle químico à base de piretroides. Observou-se maior frequência de cadelas com cadeias mamárias assimétricas e de numeração ímpar, sendo observado estatisticamente que estas possuíam 11,94 vezes mais chance de portar neoplasia mamária, concluindo que a amastia é um fator indicador ao câncer de mama em cadelas. No segundo capítulo, reportou-se um caso de otohematoma secundário a hemangiossarcoma em um gato. Na avaliação dermatológica observou-se, na face convexa da aurícula direita, uma formação compatível com otohematoma. Na margem cutânea da mesma orelha visualizou-se pequena nodulação, que à citologia revelou tratar-se de hemangiossarcoma. O diagnóstico foi sugerido no exame citológico e confirmado mediante os exames histopatológico e imunohistoquímico. Como tratamento, realizou-se conchectomia em ampla margem. A paciente foi estadiada durante três anos, não sendo, neste período, constatado recidiva local ou metástase. Concluiu-se que o hemangiossarcoma deve ser considerado na etiologia do otohematoma de gatos de pelagem branca. No terceiro capítulo, avaliou-se os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de 64 cães com Tumor Venéreo Transmissível (TVTc), correlacionando-os aos subtipos (linfocitoide, misto e plasmocitoide) desta neoplasia. Prevaleceram cães oriundos da zona urbana, SRD, machos, inteiros, adultos, porte médio, com acesso à rua estando sanitariamente mais comprometidos. Em sítio genital prevaleceu o subtipo misto, já no sítio extragenital, o linfocitoide. O plasmocitoide foi encontrado em ambos os sítios, sendo, no geral, o mais prevalente para os cães do Semiárido Paraibano. Verificou-se importante associação neoplásica entre as genitálias e as cavidades oral e nasal. Houve diferença estatística entre o tempo de evolução e volume dos subtipos de TVTc, verificando-se que o subtipo plasmocitoide era maior e resultou em mais tempo para evoluir quando comparado aos demais. Inferiu-se a possibilidade dos subtipos de TVTc serem evoluções, onde o linfoide evolui em misto e o misto em plasmocitoide.

The objective of this thesis was to demonstrate the clinical and epidemiological aspects related to breast cancer and transmissible venereal tumor in dogs, and to report a case of otohematoma secondary to hemangiosarcoma in a cat. In the first chapter we analyzed information regarding the identification, nutritional score, epidemiology, physical examination of the breast chains and diagnosis of 80 female dogs with (n = 40) and without (n = 40) breast cancer. Prevailed those without race, elderly, with normal nutritional score, not castrated, not subjected to contraceptives, presenting irregular heat and submitted to chemical control based on pyrethroids. Female dogs with asymmetric and unevenly numbered breast chains were more frequent, and it was statistically observed that they were 11.94 times more likely to have breast cancer, concluding that amastia is an indicator factor for breast cancer in female dogs. In the second chapter, a case of otohematoma secondary to hemangiosarcoma in a cat was reported. In the dermatological evaluation, the convex face of the right auricle showed a formation compatible with otohematoma. In the cutaneous margin of the same ear, a small nodulation was seen, which on cytology revealed hemangiosarcoma. The diagnosis was suggested by cytological examination and confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. As treatment, a wide margin conchectomy was performed. The patient was staged for three years without local recurrence or metastasis. It was concluded that hemaniosarcoma should be considered in the etiology of otohematoma of white-haired cats. In the third chapter, we evaluated the clinical and epidemiological aspects of 64 dogs with Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVTc), correlating them to the subtypes (lymphocytoid, mixed and plasmocytoid) of this neoplasm. Prevailed dogs from the urban area, SRD, males, whole, adults, medium size, with access to the street being more sanitary compromised. In the genital region, the mixed subtype prevailed, while in the extragenital region, the lymphocytoid. Plasmacytoid was found in both regions and was generally the most prevalent for dogs in the Paraiban Semiarid. There was an important neoplastic association between the genitals and the oral and nasal cavities. There was a statistical difference between the time of evolution and volume of cTVT subtypes, and the plasmacytoid subtype was larger and resulted in more time to evolve when compared to the others. The possibility of CTV subtypes being evolutions was inferred, where the lymphoid evolves in mixed and the mixed in plasmacytoid.

Immunohistochemical study of genital and extragenital forms of canine transmissible venereal tumor in Brazil / Estudo imuno-histoquímico de formas genitais e extragenitais do tumor venéreo transmissível canino no Brasil

Aiming to provide insight and discussing the problems related to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT), especially in its extragenital form, immunohistochemical evaluation was performed and a comparison was established by analysis of the microscopic appearance of 10 genital CTVTs and 13 exclusively extragenital CTVTs previously diagnosed by cytology and histopathology. CTVTs samples were incubated with biotinylated antibodies raised against specific membrane (anti-macrophage) and cytoplasmic antigens (anti-lysozyme, anti-S-100 protein, anti-vimentin and anti-CD18) and subsequently developed using streptavidin-biotin peroxidase and streptavidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase methods. A strong reactivity with the anti-vimentin antibody was found in 100% of the tumors tested (22/22). No reactivity was found for the anti-lysozyme, anti-macrophage, anti-S-100 protein and anti-CD18. No histopathological or immunoreactivity differences between genital and extragenital CTVTs were found. These findings do not corroborate the hypothesis of histiocytic origin of CTVT (no reactivity to anti-lysozyme, anti-macrophage and anti-CD 18 antibodies). In addition, the antibody panel used is useful to narrow the differential diagnosis for lymphomas, histiocytic tumors, amelanotic melanomas, and poorly differentiated epithelial neoplasias, among others.(AU)

Com a finalidade de fornecer subsídios e discutir os problemas referentes ao diagnóstico e ao diagnóstico diferencial do tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVTC), principalmente em sua forma extragenital, foi realizada a avaliação imuno-histoquímica e estabelecido termo de comparação com o aspecto microscópico em 10 TVTCs genitais e em 13 exclusivamente extragenitais previamente diagnosticados através de citologia e histopatologia. Os TVTCs foram testados para reagentes específicos de antígenos de membrana (anti-macrófago) e citoplasmáticos (anti-lisozima, anti-proteína S-100, anti-alfa-1-antitripsina, anti-vimentina e anti-CD18) com a utilização da técnica complexo avidina-biotina-peroxidase e estreptavidina-biotina-fosfatase Em 100% dos tumores testados (22/22) com anticorpo anti-vimentina houve forte imuno-reatividade. Não houve reatividade para os anticorpos anti-lisozima, anti-macrófago, anti-proteína S-100 e anti-CD18. Não houve diferença histopatológica e de imuno-reatividade entre os TVTCs genitais e extragenitais. Estes achados indicam que os TVTCs avaliados não são de origem histiocítica (ausência de reatividade dos anticorpos anti-lisozima, anti-macrófago e anti-CD18). O painel de anticorpos utilizado é útil para o diagnóstico diferencial deste tumor com linfomas, tumores histiocíticos, melanomas amelanóticos e neoplasias de origem epitelial pobremente diferenciadas, entre outros.(AU)