Nefrectomia em um cão infectado por Dioctophyma renale - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasilîpt / Nephrectomy in a dog infected with Dioctophyma renale - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Background: Dioctophymosis is caused by Dioctophyma renale, a parasite known as the giant kidney worm, that canparasitize the kidneys of domestic and wild animals. There are also reports of its occurrence in humans, thus revealing itszoonotic potential. In most cases, parasitized animals are asymptomatic. This parasite can cause atrophy or destroy therenal parenchyma, although ectopic locations may occur. The diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, based on thepresence of eggs in the urine, visualization of the parasite, or during necropsy. Therefore, the aim of this work was to reportthe case of a young dog infected with D. renale and subjected to nephrectomy in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.Case: A 6-month-old bitch with a clinical suspicion of hydronephrosis in the right kidney was referred to the VeterinaryHospital of Anhanguera-Uniderp University in the city of Campo Grande, MS. A physical examination of the patientrevealed an alteration in the urinary system. An abdominal ultrasound, urinalysis, complete blood count (CBC) tests andbiochemical profile were ordered. The erythrogram indicated erythrocytosis resulting from dehydration and loss of bodyfluids, while enzyme levels (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and albumin) were within normal limits.The abdominal ultrasound showed the presence of a cylindrical and rounded structure characteristic of a nematode and inthe right kidney, and loss of renal parenchyma typical of D. renale infection. A urinalysis then revealed the presence ofhelminth eggs, confirming the diagnosis. The owner was informed about the need for nephrectomy of the affected rightkidney, which showed destruction of the renal parenchyma. One adult female and one adult male parasite were removedfrom inside the kidney, measuring approximately 50 cm and 35 cm in length. The patient was successfully treated, keptin hospital for observation, and returned two weeks later for reassessment of her...

Nefrectomia em um cão infectado por Dioctophyma renale - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasilîpt / Nephrectomy in a dog infected with Dioctophyma renale - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Background: Dioctophymosis is caused by Dioctophyma renale, a parasite known as the giant kidney worm, that canparasitize the kidneys of domestic and wild animals. There are also reports of its occurrence in humans, thus revealing itszoonotic potential. In most cases, parasitized animals are asymptomatic. This parasite can cause atrophy or destroy therenal parenchyma, although ectopic locations may occur. The diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, based on thepresence of eggs in the urine, visualization of the parasite, or during necropsy. Therefore, the aim of this work was to reportthe case of a young dog infected with D. renale and subjected to nephrectomy in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.Case: A 6-month-old bitch with a clinical suspicion of hydronephrosis in the right kidney was referred to the VeterinaryHospital of Anhanguera-Uniderp University in the city of Campo Grande, MS. A physical examination of the patientrevealed an alteration in the urinary system. An abdominal ultrasound, urinalysis, complete blood count (CBC) tests andbiochemical profile were ordered. The erythrogram indicated erythrocytosis resulting from dehydration and loss of bodyfluids, while enzyme levels (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and albumin) were within normal limits.The abdominal ultrasound showed the presence of a cylindrical and rounded structure characteristic of a nematode and inthe right kidney, and loss of renal parenchyma typical of D. renale infection. A urinalysis then revealed the presence ofhelminth eggs, confirming the diagnosis. The owner was informed about the need for nephrectomy of the affected rightkidney, which showed destruction of the renal parenchyma. One adult female and one adult male parasite were removedfrom inside the kidney, measuring approximately 50 cm and 35 cm in length. The patient was successfully treated, keptin hospital for observation, and returned two weeks later for reassessment of her...(AU)

Dioctophyme renale in wandering dogs in Pelotas, South of Brasil / Dioctophyme renale em cães errantes no município de Pelotas, Sul do Brasil

Abstract This study aimed to verify the occurrence of Dioctophyme renale in stray dogs in the city of Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas received 146 wandering dogs for necropsy, sent by the City Hall of Pelotas from March 2012 to January 2020. Among the necropsied animals, seventeen dogs (11.64%) were diagnosed with dioctophymosis. Among these dogs, 11 were parasitized with one specimen in the right kidney, two dogs presented two specimens in the right kidney, and in other two dogs, the parasites were in the abdominal cavity. In one dog, two parasites were found in the left kidney; in another dog, both kidneys were parasitized, with two parasites in the right kidney and one in the left kidney. The data obtained in this study showed that the occurrence of D. renale in stray dogs in the city of Pelotas is high, and D. renale mainly parasitizes the right kidney.

Resumo Este trabalho possui como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de D. renale em cães errantes do município de Pelotas, no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Universidade Federal de Pelotas recebeu 146 cães errantes para necropsia, encaminhados pela Prefeitura Municipal de Pelotas, no período de março de 2012 a janeiro de 2020. Dentre os cães necropsiados, 17 animais foram diagnosticados com dioctofimose, determinando uma ocorrência de 11,64%. Desses animais, onze estavam parasitados com um exemplar no rim direito, dois animais possuíam dois exemplares no rim direito. Em dois animais, os parasitas estavam na cavidade abdominal; em um animal havia, dois parasitas no rim esquerdo e noutro animal os dois rins estavam parasitados, tendo dois exemplares no rim direito e um exemplar no rim esquerdo. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho permitem concluir que é elevada a ocorrência de D. renale nos cães errantes do município de Pelotas, parasitando principalmente o rim direito.

Infecção espúria por Capillaria hepatica em canino doméstico, relato de caso / Infection by Capillaria hepatica in a domestic canine, case report / Infección por Capillaria hepatica en canino doméstico, reporte de caso

Capillaria hepatica é um nematódeo hepatotrópico da família Capillariidae, que acomete principalmente roedores, os quais são considerados reservatórios, podendo infectar também, com menor frequência, cães, gatos e o homem, pois possui potencial zoonótico, sendo responsável pela capilariose hepática. A infecção verdadeira ocorre através da ingestão de ovos embrionados infectantes liberados do fígado, após morte e decomposição do hospedeiro, por canibalismo ou por predação. A infecção espúria acorre através da ingestão de ovos não embrionados, encontrados no solo ou pela ingestão de fígado de mamíferos infectados com C. Hepatica, causando um quadro de pseudoparasitismo. Os sinais clínicos nos animais acometidos pela infecção verdadeira, podem ser inespecíficos ou associados a doença hepática como, vômito, diarreia, dor abdominal, icterícia e encefalopatias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de infecção espúria por C. hepatica em canino doméstico, no município de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, diagnosticado a partir da observação de ovos do parasito em exame coproparasitológico.(AU)

Capillaria hepatica is a hepatotropic nematode of the Capillariidae family, which mainly affects rodents, which are considered reservoirs, and may also infect, less frequently, dogs, cats and humans, as it has zoonotic potential, being responsible for hepatic capillarosis. True infection occurs through ingestion of infective embryonated eggs released from the liver, after death and decomposition of the host, by cannibalism or predation. The spurious infection occurs through the ingestion of non-embryonic eggs, found in the soil or by the consumption of the liver of mammals infected with C. hepatica, causing pseudoparasitism. Clinical signs in animals affected by true infection may be nonspecific or associated with liver disease such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, jaundice and encephalopathies. The objective of this study was to report a case of infection by C. hepatica in a domestic canine, in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, diagnosed from the observation of parasite eggs in a coproparasitological examination.(AU)

Capillaria hepatica es un nematodo hepatotrópico de la familia Capillariidae, que afecta principalmente a los roedores, que se consideran reservorios, pudiendo también infectar, con menor frecuencia, a perros, gatos y humanos, ya que tiene potencial zoonótico, siendo responsable de la capilariosis hepática. La verdadera infección se produce por la ingestión de huevos embrionados infecciosos liberados del hígado, después de la muerte y descomposición del huésped, por canibalismo o depredación. La infección espuria se produce por la ingestión de huevos no embrionarios, que se encuentran en el suelo o por el consumo del hígado de mamíferos infectados con C. hepatica, provocando pseudoparasitismo. Los signos clínicos en animales afectados por una infección verdadera pueden ser inespecíficos o estar asociados con enfermedades hepáticas como vómitos, diarrea, dolor abdominal, ictericia y encefalopatías. El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar un caso de infección espuria por C. hepatica en un canino doméstico, en la ciudad de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, diagnosticado a partir de la observación de huevos de parásitos en un examen coproparasitológico.(AU)

Dioctophymosis in a free-ranging maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus): clinical-therapeutic, ultrasonographic and pathological aspects - case report / [Dioctofimose em um lobo guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) de vida livre: aspectos clínico-terapêuticos, ultrassonográficos e patológicos - relato de caso]

Dioctophymosis is the disease caused by Dioctophyma renale, a large nematode, popularly known as giant kidney worm, and whose definitive hosts are the domestic dog and many wild mammal species. There are some reports of maned wolf parasitism by D. renale, however, in most cases the reports are restricted to the finding of the parasite during necropsy, without clinical assessment. The present report aimed to describe the clinical-therapeutic, ultrasonographic and pathological aspects of D. renale parasitism in a free-ranging maned wolf, emphasizing the treatment with an association of doramectin, praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate, and febantel that resulted in complete elimination of the parasite.(AU)

A dioctofimose é a doença causada pelo Dioctophyma renale, um nemátodo grande, popularmente chamado de verme gigante do rim e que tem como hospedeiro definitivo o cão doméstico e inúmeras espécies de mamíferos silvestres. Existem alguns relatos do parasitismo do lobo-guará por D. renale, contudo, na maioria das vezes, os relatos se restringem apenas ao achado do parasita durante a necropsia, sem a correlação clínica. O presente relato objetiva descrever os aspectos clínico-terapêuticos, ultrassonográficos e patológicos do parasitismo por D. renale em um lobo-guará de vida livre, enfatizando o tratamento com uma associação de doramectina, praziquantel, pamoato de pirantel e febantel, o que resultou na eliminação completa do parasita.(AU)

Primeiro relato de parasitismo por Capillaria spp. em turu-turu / First report of parasitism by Capillaria spp. in Painted-billed crake

Dentre as principais afecções que acometem aves silvestres e que dificultam a conservação desses indivíduos, estão as endoparasitoses, que ganham destaque devido a sua alta prevalência. Dentro do filo Nematoda, Capillaria spp. é tido como um dos gêneros de endoparasitos de maior interesse sanitário no âmbito da medicina de aves, pois pode parasitar psitacídeos, passeriformes, columbiformes, galiformes e rapinantes. Portanto, a fim de favorecer dados ecológicos da relação parasito-hospedeiro demonstrada através deste estudo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar, pela primeira vez no Brasil, a ocorrência de Capillaria spp. em N. erythrops olivascens. Os nematódeos deste gênero acometem, principalmente, o sistema respiratório e o trato gastrintestinal dos hospedeiros, causando inflamações e ulcerações nos locais de fixação, e ocasionando prejuízos à higidez dos animais. Uma das principais formas de diagnóstico é por meio do exame parasitológico das fezes dos animais acometidos e análise em microscopia óptica, onde pode-se observar a presença dos ovos. Assim, coletou-se fezes de um N. erythrops e encaminhou-se ao Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal da UFERSA. A coproparasitologia foi realizada por meio dos métodos de exame direto, flutuação com sulfato de zinco e OPG em câmara de McMaster, utilizando solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9%. O animal foi tratado com ivermectina, mas percebeu-se que a utilização desse fármaco não surtiu efeito para a eliminação do parasito. A ocorrência desse Nematoda em N. erythrops, relatada pela primeira vez no Brasil, constitui um novo dado aplicável aos endoparasitos que ocorrem nessa espécie hospedeira.

Among the main conditions that affect wild birds and hinder the conservation of these individuals are the endoparasitic diseases, that stand out due to their high prevalence. Within the phylum Nematoda, Capillaria spp. is considered as one of the endoparasites genera which is of great health interest in the field of poultry medicine, since it can parasitize parrots, passerines, pigeons, galliforms and predators. Therefore, in order to provide ecological data on the parasite-host relationship demonstrated through this study, the objective of this paper was to report, for the first time in Brazil, the occurrence of Capillaria spp. in N. erythrops olivascens. Nematodes of this genus mainly affect the respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract of the hosts, causing inflammation and ulcerations at the sites of attachment, causing damage to the animals' health. One of the main forms of diagnosis is through parasitological examination of the feces of affected animals and analysis under optical microscopy, where the presence of eggs can be observed. Feces were collected of a N. erythrops and sent to the Laboratory of Animal Parasitology at UFERSA. Coproparasitology was performed by direct examination, flotation with zinc sulfate, and OPG in a McMaster chamber, using 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The animal was treated with ivermectin, but it was noticed that the use of this drug had no effect on the elimination of the parasite. The occurrence of this Nematoda in N. erythrops is reported for the first time and constitutes a new data applicable to the entoparasites that occur in this host species in Brazil.

Infecção verdadeira por Capillaria hepatica em cão / True infection by Capillaria hepatica in a dog

Background: Capillaria hepatica is a nematode, zoonotic, with worldwide distribution. The main hosts are rodents, nevertheless other mammals can be affected. Although the parasite has high affinity for the liver, it rarely causes a hepaticdisease in domestic animals and humans. The diagnosis is difficult and usually a biopsy is required. The treatment is difficult and is based in anti-helminthic and corticoid, but prevention is the best strategy against the disease. The aim of thepresent report is to describe a case of hepatic capillariosis in a dog approaching the clinical signs, diagnosis and therapeutic.Case: A 12-year-old Brazilian Terrier bitch, with a history of visit to the farm and regular hunting of rats, frogs, birds andother wild animals, was attended with hyporexia and apathy. At the physical exam the dog presented elevation of rectaltemperature, intense jaundice and abdominal pain. In the biochemical exams was noticed a slight increase in globulins anda sharp increase in alkaline phosphatase (AP), total, direct and indirect bilirubin, suggesting a liver injury. In the ultrasonographic exam, hepatomegaly with dispersed hyperechoic areas were observed, suggesting hepatic steatosis. The patientwas treated with ursodesoxicolic acid and S-adenosil metionin for 30 consecutive days, showing a clinic improvement.Two months after the end of the treatment the animal worsened, showing jaundice, ascites, motor incoordination, weakness, difficulty in food and water ingestion and changes in the mental state. In the complete blood count was observed amacrocytic hypochromic regenerative anemia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia and monocytosis and thrombocytopenia.In biochemical exams was detected decrease in creatinine and albumin and increase in alanine aminotransferase and AP,suggesting hepatopathy by biliary obstruction. There were performed exams for leishmania and ehrlichiosis that testednegative. In the ultrasonographic exam it...

Infecção verdadeira por Capillaria hepatica em cão / True infection by Capillaria hepatica in a dog

Background: Capillaria hepatica is a nematode, zoonotic, with worldwide distribution. The main hosts are rodents, nevertheless other mammals can be affected. Although the parasite has high affinity for the liver, it rarely causes a hepaticdisease in domestic animals and humans. The diagnosis is difficult and usually a biopsy is required. The treatment is difficult and is based in anti-helminthic and corticoid, but prevention is the best strategy against the disease. The aim of thepresent report is to describe a case of hepatic capillariosis in a dog approaching the clinical signs, diagnosis and therapeutic.Case: A 12-year-old Brazilian Terrier bitch, with a history of visit to the farm and regular hunting of rats, frogs, birds andother wild animals, was attended with hyporexia and apathy. At the physical exam the dog presented elevation of rectaltemperature, intense jaundice and abdominal pain. In the biochemical exams was noticed a slight increase in globulins anda sharp increase in alkaline phosphatase (AP), total, direct and indirect bilirubin, suggesting a liver injury. In the ultrasonographic exam, hepatomegaly with dispersed hyperechoic areas were observed, suggesting hepatic steatosis. The patientwas treated with ursodesoxicolic acid and S-adenosil metionin for 30 consecutive days, showing a clinic improvement.Two months after the end of the treatment the animal worsened, showing jaundice, ascites, motor incoordination, weakness, difficulty in food and water ingestion and changes in the mental state. In the complete blood count was observed amacrocytic hypochromic regenerative anemia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia and monocytosis and thrombocytopenia.In biochemical exams was detected decrease in creatinine and albumin and increase in alanine aminotransferase and AP,suggesting hepatopathy by biliary obstruction. There were performed exams for leishmania and ehrlichiosis that testednegative. In the ultrasonographic exam it...(AU)

Técnica para identificação de ovos de Dioctophyme renale em urina de gatos, empregada em sílica / Technique for identifying eggs of Dioctophyme renale in cat urine, employed in silica / Técnica de identificación de huevos de Dioctophyme renale en orina de gato, utilizada en sílice

A dioctofimatose é uma doença parasitária causada pelo helminto Dioctophyme renale, tendo como hospedeiros definitivos, cães, gatos, animais silvestres e também o homem, pois este parasito possui potencial zoonótico. Acomete os rins dos seus hospedeiros definitivos, geralmente o direito, mas podem ser encontrados também em outros locais. Embora seja descrito maior ocorrência de casos em cães, também há relatos desta parasitose em gatos. Uma das formas de diagnóstico é através da visualização de ovos do D. renale através do exame de urina. Porém, pelas características comportamentais dos gatos, a coleta de urina nesta espécie é de difícil execução. Portanto, através do estudo de técnicas para pesquisa de ovos deste parasito na urina dos gatos em sílica, presente nas caixas de areia, procura-se facilitar o diagnóstico nestes animais. Para realização deste trabalho, amostras de sílica foram contaminadas com urina contendo ovos de D. renale. As técnicas utilizadas para pesquisa de ovos foram: centrífugo-flutuação em solução hipersaturada glicosada, em duas densidades: 1.230g/ml e 1.275g/ml; flutuação espontânea em solução hipersaturada glicosada, em duas densidades: 1,230g/ml e 1,275g/ml e centrífugo-sedimentação. A avaliação das amostras foi realizada em diferentes tempos, distribuídos da seguinte forma: momento zero, 6 horas, 12 horas, 18 horas, 24 horas, 36 horas, 48 horas, 72 horas, 120 horas, 168 horas, 240 horas e 336 horas após contaminação do material. A técnica de centrífugo-sedimentação foi a que apresentou o melhor resultado, sendo possível identificar ovos morfologicamente viáveis de D. Renale durante os 14 dias de análise.

Dioctofimatosis is a parasitic disease caused by the helminth Dioctophyme renale, having as definitive hosts, dogs, cats, wild animals and also man, as this parasite has zoonotic potential. It affects the kidneys of its definitive hosts, usually the right, but can also be found in other places. Although a higher occurrence of cases in dogs has been described, there are also reports of this parasitosis in cats. One of the ways of diagnosing the disease is through the visualization of D. renale eggs through the urine exam. However, due to the behavioral characteristics of cats, urine collection in this species is difficult to perform. Therefore, through the study of techniques to search for eggs of this parasite in the urine of cats in silica, present in litter boxes, we seek to facilitate the diagnosis in these animals. To carry out this work, silica samples were contaminated with urine containing D. renale eggs. The techniques used for egg research were: centrifugal-flotation in glycosated hypersaturated solution, in two densities: 1,230g/ml and 1,275g/ml; spontaneous fluctuation in glycosated hypersaturated solution, in two densities: 1.230g/ml and 1.275g/ml and centrifugal-sedimentation. The evaluation of the samples was carried out at different times, distributed as follows: time zero, 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 120 hours, 168 hours, 240 hours and 336 hours after contamination of the material. The centrifugal-sedimentation technique showed the best result, making it possible to identify morphologically viable eggs from D. renale during the 14 days of analysis.

La dioctofimatosis es una enfermedad parasitaria causada por el helminto Dioctophyme renale, que tiene como hospedadores definitivos, perros, gatos, animales salvajes y también el hombre, ya que este parásito tiene potencial zoonótico. Afecta los riñones de sus huéspedes definitivos, generalmente el derecho, pero también se puede encontrar en otros lugares. Aunque se ha descrito una mayor incidencia de casos en perros, también hay informes de esta parasitosis en gatos. Una de las formas de diagnóstico es a través de la visualización de los huevos de D. renale a través del examen de orina. Sin embargo, debido a las características de comportamiento de los gatos, la recolección de orina en esta especie es difícil de realizar. Por lo tanto, a través del estudio de técnicas para buscar huevos de este parásito en laorina de gatos en sílice, presentes en cajas de arena, buscamos facilitar el diagnóstico en estos animales. Para llevar a cabo este trabajo, las muestras de sílice se contaminaron con orina que contenía huevos de D. renale. Las técnicas utilizadas para investigar los huevos fueron: flotación centrífuga en solución hipersaturada glicosilada, en dos densidades: 1.230 g/ml y 1.275 g/ml; fluctuación espontánea en solución glicosilada hipersaturada, en dos densidades: 1.230 g/ml y 1.275 g/ml y sedimentación centrífuga. La evaluación de las muestras se realizó en diferentes momentos, distribuidos de la siguiente manera: tiempo cero, 6 horas, 12 horas, 18 horas, 24 horas, 36 horas, 48 horas, 72 horas, 120 horas, 168 horas, 240 horas y 336 horas después de la contaminación del material. La técnica de sedimentación centrífuga mostró el mejor resultado, permitiendo identificar huevos morfológicamente viables de D. renale durante los 14 días de análisis.

Técnica para identificação de ovos de Dioctophyme renale em urina de gatos, empregada em sílica / Technique for identifying eggs of Dioctophyme renale in cat urine, employed in silica / Técnica de identificación de huevos de Dioctophyme renale en orina de gato, utilizada en sílice

A dioctofimatose é uma doença parasitária causada pelo helminto Dioctophyme renale, tendo como hospedeiros definitivos, cães, gatos, animais silvestres e também o homem, pois este parasito possui potencial zoonótico. Acomete os rins dos seus hospedeiros definitivos, geralmente o direito, mas podem ser encontrados também em outros locais. Embora seja descrito maior ocorrência de casos em cães, também há relatos desta parasitose em gatos. Uma das formas de diagnóstico é através da visualização de ovos do D. renale através do exame de urina. Porém, pelas características comportamentais dos gatos, a coleta de urina nesta espécie é de difícil execução. Portanto, através do estudo de técnicas para pesquisa de ovos deste parasito na urina dos gatos em sílica, presente nas caixas de areia, procura-se facilitar o diagnóstico nestes animais. Para realização deste trabalho, amostras de sílica foram contaminadas com urina contendo ovos de D. renale. As técnicas utilizadas para pesquisa de ovos foram: centrífugo-flutuação em solução hipersaturada glicosada, em duas densidades: 1.230g/ml e 1.275g/ml; flutuação espontânea em solução hipersaturada glicosada, em duas densidades: 1,230g/ml e 1,275g/ml e centrífugo-sedimentação. A avaliação das amostras foi realizada em diferentes tempos, distribuídos da seguinte forma: momento zero, 6 horas, 12 horas, 18 horas, 24 horas, 36 horas, 48 horas, 72 horas, 120 horas, 168 horas, 240 horas e 336 horas após contaminação do material. A técnica de centrífugo-sedimentação foi a que apresentou o melhor resultado, sendo possível identificar ovos morfologicamente viáveis de D. Renale durante os 14 dias de análise.(AU)

Dioctofimatosis is a parasitic disease caused by the helminth Dioctophyme renale, having as definitive hosts, dogs, cats, wild animals and also man, as this parasite has zoonotic potential. It affects the kidneys of its definitive hosts, usually the right, but can also be found in other places. Although a higher occurrence of cases in dogs has been described, there are also reports of this parasitosis in cats. One of the ways of diagnosing the disease is through the visualization of D. renale eggs through the urine exam. However, due to the behavioral characteristics of cats, urine collection in this species is difficult to perform. Therefore, through the study of techniques to search for eggs of this parasite in the urine of cats in silica, present in litter boxes, we seek to facilitate the diagnosis in these animals. To carry out this work, silica samples were contaminated with urine containing D. renale eggs. The techniques used for egg research were: centrifugal-flotation in glycosated hypersaturated solution, in two densities: 1,230g/ml and 1,275g/ml; spontaneous fluctuation in glycosated hypersaturated solution, in two densities: 1.230g/ml and 1.275g/ml and centrifugal-sedimentation. The evaluation of the samples was carried out at different times, distributed as follows: time zero, 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 120 hours, 168 hours, 240 hours and 336 hours after contamination of the material. The centrifugal-sedimentation technique showed the best result, making it possible to identify morphologically viable eggs from D. renale during the 14 days of analysis.(AU)

La dioctofimatosis es una enfermedad parasitaria causada por el helminto Dioctophyme renale, que tiene como hospedadores definitivos, perros, gatos, animales salvajes y también el hombre, ya que este parásito tiene potencial zoonótico. Afecta los riñones de sus huéspedes definitivos, generalmente el derecho, pero también se puede encontrar en otros lugares. Aunque se ha descrito una mayor incidencia de casos en perros, también hay informes de esta parasitosis en gatos. Una de las formas de diagnóstico es a través de la visualización de los huevos de D. renale a través del examen de orina. Sin embargo, debido a las características de comportamiento de los gatos, la recolección de orina en esta especie es difícil de realizar. Por lo tanto, a través del estudio de técnicas para buscar huevos de este parásito en laorina de gatos en sílice, presentes en cajas de arena, buscamos facilitar el diagnóstico en estos animales. Para llevar a cabo este trabajo, las muestras de sílice se contaminaron con orina que contenía huevos de D. renale. Las técnicas utilizadas para investigar los huevos fueron: flotación centrífuga en solución hipersaturada glicosilada, en dos densidades: 1.230 g/ml y 1.275 g/ml; fluctuación espontánea en solución glicosilada hipersaturada, en dos densidades: 1.230 g/ml y 1.275 g/ml y sedimentación centrífuga. La evaluación de las muestras se realizó en diferentes momentos, distribuidos de la siguiente manera: tiempo cero, 6 horas, 12 horas, 18 horas, 24 horas, 36 horas, 48 horas, 72 horas, 120 horas, 168 horas, 240 horas y 336 horas después de la contaminación del material. La técnica de sedimentación centrífuga mostró el mejor resultado, permitiendo identificar huevos morfológicamente viables de D. renale durante los 14 días de análisis.(AU)

Anestesia para nefrectomia em cão com Dioctophyma renale: relato de caso / Anesthesia for nephrectomy in a dog with Dioctophyma renale: case report

A dioctofimose em cães é uma doença parasitária registrada em vários estados do Brasil, incluindo o Rio Grande do Sul que afeta, principalmente, animais errantes que habitam áreas alagadas. A resolução do caso quando atinge apenas um rim é cirúrgica, sendo assim necessária à realização de anestesia geral para o procedimento de nefrectomia unilateral. Dessa forma, a busca por protocolos mais seguros que mantém a integridade renal é fundamental. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar a anestesia para o procedimento de nefrectomia como tratamento de dioctofimose em um cão errante da cidade de Pelotas-RS. No presente caso, foi realizada medicação pré-anestésica, com acepromazina, cetamina associados amorfina, e indução com propofol. A manutenção do plano anestésico com isoflurano diluído em oxigênio a 100%, e foi ainda realizado o bloqueio epidural com bupivacaína e morfina para dessensibilização regional. Após o término do procedimento cirúrgico o paciente recebeu analgesia pós-operatória com meloxicam, tramadol e dipirona, e permaneceu na internação por 10 dias para monitoração da função renal e tratamento de doença dermatológica concomitante. O protocolo anestésico foi efetivo e sem maiores complicações, após alta médica foi levado para o canil da prefeitura, onde aguarda adoção.

Dioctophymosis in dogs is a parasitic disease registered in several states of Brazil, including Rio Grande do Sul, mainly wandering animals that live in flooded areas. The resolution of the case is only a surgical measure, so it is necessary to perform general anesthesia for the unilateral nephrectomy procedure. In this way, a search for other data that maintains the ri is fundamental. The purpose of this work is to report anesthesia for the nephrectomy procedure as a treatment of dioctosis in a wandering dog in the city of Pelotas, RS. In the present case, premedication with acepromazine, ketamine associated with morphine, and induction with propofol were performed. The maintenance of the anesthetic plan with isoflurane was diluted in 100% oxygen, and it was also performed with epidural block with bupivacaine and morphine for regional desensitization. After the end of the clinical procedure, the patient received postoperative analgesia with meloxicam, tramadol and dipyrone and remained in the hospital for 10 days to monitor renal function and the concomitant dermatology process. The anesthetic protocol was effective and without major complications, after being discharged to the health service, where it was installed.

Presença de Dioctophyma renale em dois furões na região central do Rio Grande do Sul / Presence of Dioctophyma renale in two lesser grisons in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul

O verme gigante do rim é o único parasito conhecido capaz de atingir o parênquima do órgão. Dioctophyma renale tem distribuição mundial e é frequentemente descrito parasitando canídeos, entre outros hospedeiros acidentais. O parasito adulto habita principalmente o parênquima renal direito, de onde elimina seus ovos juntamente com a urina. Os hospedeiros definitivos adquirem o parasito ao ingerir anelídeos ou hospedeiros paratênicos (peixes e rãs) infectados. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar a infecção de dois Furões-pequenos (Galictis cuja) por D. renale. Ambos os furões foram encontrados mortos na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, vítimas de atropelamento. Na necropsia, foram encontrados espécimes delgados e longos, nas cavidades abdominais dos furões. Os parasitos foram identificados no Laboratório de Parasitologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, campus Palmeira das Missões-RS. O achado de dois furões infectados em habitats com fortes alterações antrópicas pode ser indicativo de desequilíbrio causado pela coexistência com animais domésticos, especialmente cães, uma vez que têm sido demonstrados que cães podem ser reservatórios importantes para esta parasitose. O estudo de endoparasitos de animais silvestres é importante, a fim de compreender a ecologia, o ciclo de vida e a relação entre parasitos e hospedeiros.

The giant kidney worm is the only known parasite capable of reaching the organ parenchyma. Dioctophyma renale has a worldwide distribution and is often parasitizing canids and other accidental hosts. The adult parasite mainly inhabits the right renal parenchyma, from where it eliminates its eggs along with urine. Hosts acquire the parasite by ingesting infected annelids or paratenic hosts (fish and frogs). The objective of the present work was to report the infection of two Ferrets (Galictis cuja) by D. renale. Both ferrets were found dead in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, victims of a run over. At necropsy, thin and long specimens were found in the abdominal cavities of ferrets. The parasites were identified at the Parasitology Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria, campus Palmeira das Missões-RS. The finding of two infected ferrets in habitats with strong anthropic changes may be indicative of imbalance caused by coexistence with domestic animals, especially dogs. Since it has been shown that dogs can be important reservoirs for this parasitosis. The study of wild animal endoparasites is important in order to understand the ecology, the life cycle and the relationship between parasites and hosts.

Presença de Dioctophyma renale em dois furões na região central do Rio Grande do Sul / Presence of Dioctophyma renale in two lesser grisons in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul

O verme gigante do rim é o único parasito conhecido capaz de atingir o parênquima do órgão. Dioctophyma renale tem distribuição mundial e é frequentemente descrito parasitando canídeos, entre outros hospedeiros acidentais. O parasito adulto habita principalmente o parênquima renal direito, de onde elimina seus ovos juntamente com a urina. Os hospedeiros definitivos adquirem o parasito ao ingerir anelídeos ou hospedeiros paratênicos (peixes e rãs) infectados. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar a infecção de dois Furões-pequenos (Galictis cuja) por D. renale. Ambos os furões foram encontrados mortos na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, vítimas de atropelamento. Na necropsia, foram encontrados espécimes delgados e longos, nas cavidades abdominais dos furões. Os parasitos foram identificados no Laboratório de Parasitologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, campus Palmeira das Missões-RS. O achado de dois furões infectados em habitats com fortes alterações antrópicas pode ser indicativo de desequilíbrio causado pela coexistência com animais domésticos, especialmente cães, uma vez que têm sido demonstrados que cães podem ser reservatórios importantes para esta parasitose. O estudo de endoparasitos de animais silvestres é importante, a fim de compreender a ecologia, o ciclo de vida e a relação entre parasitos e hospedeiros.(AU)

The giant kidney worm is the only known parasite capable of reaching the organ parenchyma. Dioctophyma renale has a worldwide distribution and is often parasitizing canids and other accidental hosts. The adult parasite mainly inhabits the right renal parenchyma, from where it eliminates its eggs along with urine. Hosts acquire the parasite by ingesting infected annelids or paratenic hosts (fish and frogs). The objective of the present work was to report the infection of two Ferrets (Galictis cuja) by D. renale. Both ferrets were found dead in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, victims of a run over. At necropsy, thin and long specimens were found in the abdominal cavities of ferrets. The parasites were identified at the Parasitology Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria, campus Palmeira das Missões-RS. The finding of two infected ferrets in habitats with strong anthropic changes may be indicative of imbalance caused by coexistence with domestic animals, especially dogs. Since it has been shown that dogs can be important reservoirs for this parasitosis. The study of wild animal endoparasites is important in order to understand the ecology, the life cycle and the relationship between parasites and hosts.(AU)

Parasitismo por Dioctophyma renale em cão: aspectos clínico-cirúrgico / Parasitism by Dioctophyma renale in a dog: clinical and surgical aspects

Background: Dioctophimosis is a parasitic disease caused by Dioctophyma renale, more commonly known as “giantKidney worm,” and can be found in other organs or free in the abdominal cavity, which is related to the patient’s eatinghabits. Most of the animals affected are asymptomatic. The diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, finding eggs ofthe parasite in the urine, or necropsy. The treatment of choice is nephrectomy of the affected kidney. We aimed to reportthe accidental diagnosis of parasitism by D. renale in an 8-year-old dog, which was surgically treated by nephrectomy ofthe right kidney after evident destruction of the renal parenchyma on ultrasonography.Case: An 8-year-old Boxer female dog underwent a physical examination and showed a mass in the region of the left caudal thoracic breast, bilateral alopecia on flanks, and purulent ocular secretions. Laboratory tests of complete blood count(CBC) and serum biochemical profile, X-ray examination, and ultrasonography were requested. Anemia was observedon the erythrogram, and enzymes (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and albumin) were within normallimits. There were no abnormalities on X-ray examination, and abdominal ultrasonography showed slight splenomegaly,enlarged left kidney, reduced corticomedullary region, measuring approximately 7.63 cm longitudinally. In the rightkidney, loss of the renal parenchyma, measuring approximately 5.49 cm in diameter and the presence of a cylindrical androunded structure, typical of D. renale infection. After this, a urinalysis was suggested, which revealed the presence ofthe helminthic eggs, confirming the diagnosis. The owner was informed about the need for nephrectomy of the affectedkidney as treatment. The kidney showed destruction of the renal parenchyma. A single parasite was removed, measuringapproximately 46 cm in length. The patient was successfully treated and was hospitalized for...

Parasitismo por Dioctophyma renale em cão: aspectos clínico-cirúrgico / Parasitism by Dioctophyma renale in a dog: clinical and surgical aspects

Background: Dioctophimosis is a parasitic disease caused by Dioctophyma renale, more commonly known as “giantKidney worm,” and can be found in other organs or free in the abdominal cavity, which is related to the patients eatinghabits. Most of the animals affected are asymptomatic. The diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, finding eggs ofthe parasite in the urine, or necropsy. The treatment of choice is nephrectomy of the affected kidney. We aimed to reportthe accidental diagnosis of parasitism by D. renale in an 8-year-old dog, which was surgically treated by nephrectomy ofthe right kidney after evident destruction of the renal parenchyma on ultrasonography.Case: An 8-year-old Boxer female dog underwent a physical examination and showed a mass in the region of the left caudal thoracic breast, bilateral alopecia on flanks, and purulent ocular secretions. Laboratory tests of complete blood count(CBC) and serum biochemical profile, X-ray examination, and ultrasonography were requested. Anemia was observedon the erythrogram, and enzymes (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and albumin) were within normallimits. There were no abnormalities on X-ray examination, and abdominal ultrasonography showed slight splenomegaly,enlarged left kidney, reduced corticomedullary region, measuring approximately 7.63 cm longitudinally. In the rightkidney, loss of the renal parenchyma, measuring approximately 5.49 cm in diameter and the presence of a cylindrical androunded structure, typical of D. renale infection. After this, a urinalysis was suggested, which revealed the presence ofthe helminthic eggs, confirming the diagnosis. The owner was informed about the need for nephrectomy of the affectedkidney as treatment. The kidney showed destruction of the renal parenchyma. A single parasite was removed, measuringapproximately 46 cm in length. The patient was successfully treated and was hospitalized for...(AU)

Dioctophymatosis as cause of dyspnea in a dog / Dioctofimatose como causa de dispnéia em cão

Dioctophyme renale is a parasite of the nematode class that can infect various species, including humans and dogs. Usually, the parasite migrates to the right kidney of the definitive host. Although, aberrant migrations have been previously reported, they mainly occur without clinical manifestations. No reports of dyspnea secondary to D. renale infestation has been found in the reported literature. The aim of this paper is to report intense respiratory distress caused by the presence of the parasite in the thoracic cavity of a dog. Radiographic images revealed multiple circular structures with a cavity with a radiopaque, thick contour in the thorax, which raised the suspicion of pulmonary bullae. Ultrasound examination revealed nematode infestation in the right kidney, scrotum, and thoracic cavity. Subsequently, right nephrectomy, orchiectomy and trans-sternal thoracotomy were performed to remove the parasites. The patient exhibited recovery after the procedures.(AU)

Dioctophyme renale é um parasita da classe de nematoda que pode infectar diferentes espécies, incluindo humanos e cães. Normalmente, o parasita migra para o rim direito do hospedeiro definitivo. Embora migrações erráticas tenham sido relatadas anteriormente, estas geralmente ocorrem sem manifestações clínicas. Não foram encontrados relatos de dispnéia secundária à infestação de D. renale. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a presença do parasita na cavidade torácica de um cão, causando angústia respiratória. As imagens radiográficas revelaram a presença de múltiplas estruturas circulares com aspecto de cavidade e contorno espesso radiopaco no tórax, o que suscitou a suspeita de bullae pulmonar. O exame de ultra-som foi determinante na revelação de infestação múltipla por nematódeos, no rim direito, escroto e cavidade torácica. Posteriormente, como medida terapêutica, foram realizadas os procedimentos de nefrectomia direita, orquiectomia e toracotomia transesternal para remoçãodos parasitas. O paciente evoluiu clinicamente bem após os procedimentos.(AU)

Eucoleus contortus (Nematoda: Capillariidae), a parasite of Cairina moschata domestica (Anseriformes: Anatidae) on Marajó Island, Pará State, in Brazilian Amazon / Eucoleus contortus (Nematoda: Capillariidae), um parasito de Cairina moschata domestica (Anseriformes: Anatidae) na Ilha de Marajó, Estado do Pará, na Amazônia Brasileira

The family Capillariidae is one of the most important in the superfamily Trichinelloidea, with 27 genera and more than 300 species parasitizing vertebrates. This study considers the morphology, morphometry and prevalence of Eucoleus contortus parasitizing the Muscovy duck Cairina moschata domestica esophagus from Marajó Island, in State of Pará, Brazil. Morphologically the nematodes had a filiform body, with transversely striated cuticle, long esophagus, divided into two parts, one muscular and another consisting of stichocytes, spicule weakly sclerotized, spiny sheath and pseudobursa present in males. Females had a pre-equatorial vulva, barrel-shaped eggs and were bioperculated. In the northern region of Brazil, the Muscovy duck is an abundant bird, and one of the items in the food supply for human communities. The occurrence of E. contortus adds data to the biodiversity of parasites described in Anseriform birds of the Brazilian Amazon, especially those used as source of protein by human communities of Marajó.(AU)

A família Capillariidae é uma das mais importantes da superfamília Trichinelloidea, com 27 gêneros e mais de 300 espécies parasitando os vertebrados. Este estudo considera a morfologia, morfometria e prevalência de Eucoleus contortus parasito do esôfago de pato doméstico na Ilha de Marajó, Estado do Pará, Brasil. Morfologicamente os nematódeos apresentaram corpo filiforme, com cutícula estriada transversalmente, esôfago longo, dividido em duas partes, sendo uma muscular e outra formado por esticócitos, espículo fracamente esclerotizado, bainha espinhosa e pseudobursa presente nos machos. Fêmeas com vulva pré-equatorial, ovos em forma de barril e bioperculado. Na região norte do Brasil, o pato doméstico é uma ave abundante, compondo um dos itens do suprimento de alimentos para muitas pessoas. A ocorrência de E. contortus adiciona dados à biodiversidade de parasitos descritos em aves Anseriformes da Amazônia brasileira, em especial as utilizadas como fonte de proteína por comunidades humanas do Marajó.(AU)

Nefrectomia em um cão Boiadeiro Australiano parasitado por Dioctophyma renale / Nephrectomy in an australian cattle dog parasitized by Dioctophyma renale

Background: Dioctophyma renale is a globally occurring nematode that parasites the kidneys, and to a lesser extent, can be found in other organs or free in the abdominal cavity. Has the capacity to destroy the renal parenchyma. For the most part, parasitized animals are asymptomatic. The diagnosis is made through urinalysis and ultrasonography. However most the cases are diagnosed only at necropsy. As treatment nephrectomy of the affected kidney is the technique of choice. Therefore, the aim of this work was to report the case of a dog, seven months old, treated surgically by nephrectomy of the right kidney due to the destruction of the renal parenchyma caused by D. renale.Case: A 7-month-old Australian Cattle Dog, with a history of hematuria, was attended in a Florianópolis Veterinary Hospital. At the physical examination of the patient, no change was found, being extremely active. Abdominal ultrasonography, urinalysis, CBC and biochemical profile were requested. Abdominal ultrasonography showed the presence of cylindrical and rounded structures, with a hyperechogenic wall and a hypoechogenic center, compatible with D. renale, located in the right kidney. Urinalysis revealed the presence of D. renale eggs. The erythrogram showed mild anemia and the leukogram showed neutrophilic leukocytosis. Calcium, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, alanine aminotransferase and urea dosages showed values within normal limits. As treatment, nephrectomy of the right kidney was performed by laparotomy. The kidney was presented with destruction of the renal parenchyma and a single parasite was removed from its interior, measuring 54 cm in length. Histopathological analysis of the affected kidney revealed diffuse pronounced fibrous connective tissue proliferation, increased urinary space with decreased glomerular tuft and increased glomerular to tubule ratio. The nephrectomy was curative and ceased the patient’s hematuria.[...]

Nefrectomia em um cão Boiadeiro Australiano parasitado por Dioctophyma renale / Nephrectomy in an australian cattle dog parasitized by Dioctophyma renale

Background: Dioctophyma renale is a globally occurring nematode that parasites the kidneys, and to a lesser extent, can be found in other organs or free in the abdominal cavity. Has the capacity to destroy the renal parenchyma. For the most part, parasitized animals are asymptomatic. The diagnosis is made through urinalysis and ultrasonography. However most the cases are diagnosed only at necropsy. As treatment nephrectomy of the affected kidney is the technique of choice. Therefore, the aim of this work was to report the case of a dog, seven months old, treated surgically by nephrectomy of the right kidney due to the destruction of the renal parenchyma caused by D. renale.Case: A 7-month-old Australian Cattle Dog, with a history of hematuria, was attended in a Florianópolis Veterinary Hospital. At the physical examination of the patient, no change was found, being extremely active. Abdominal ultrasonography, urinalysis, CBC and biochemical profile were requested. Abdominal ultrasonography showed the presence of cylindrical and rounded structures, with a hyperechogenic wall and a hypoechogenic center, compatible with D. renale, located in the right kidney. Urinalysis revealed the presence of D. renale eggs. The erythrogram showed mild anemia and the leukogram showed neutrophilic leukocytosis. Calcium, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, alanine aminotransferase and urea dosages showed values within normal limits. As treatment, nephrectomy of the right kidney was performed by laparotomy. The kidney was presented with destruction of the renal parenchyma and a single parasite was removed from its interior, measuring 54 cm in length. Histopathological analysis of the affected kidney revealed diffuse pronounced fibrous connective tissue proliferation, increased urinary space with decreased glomerular tuft and increased glomerular to tubule ratio. The nephrectomy was curative and ceased the patients hematuria.[...](AU)

Occurrence of Dioctophyme renale larvae (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda: Enoplida) in a new host from southern Brazil / Novo hospedeiro de larvas de Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda: Enoplida) no extremo sul do Brasil

Dioctophymatosis is caused by the giant kidney worm Dioctophyme renale which occurs in dogs, cats, and wild mammals. In Brazil, the disease has been diagnosed in dogs from several states around the country. In the present study, the occurrence of D. renale larvae in snakes from southern of Brazil is reported. Three specimens of Philodryas patagoniensis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) (common names in Brazil: parelheira, papa-pinto) roadkill in the county of Capão do Leão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, were necropsied. Two third-stage larvae of D. renale were found in the coelomic cavity of P. patagoniensis. This study reveals a new host for D. renale larvae in the southern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This particular geographic area of the country has stood out as several cases of D. renale infection have been reported in a number of vertebrates from this region including domestic dogs and cats and wild animals such as carnivores, fish, and freshwater turtles.(AU)

Dioctophyme renale, verme gigante do rim, parasita cães, gatos e mamíferos silvestres, sendo que no Brasil, a dioctofimatose canina vem sendo diagnosticada em diversos estados brasileiros. O estudo tem por objetivo registrar larvas de D. renale parasitando serpente no extremo sul do Brasil. Nesse contexto, foram examinados três espécimes de Philodryas patagoniensis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) encontradas mortas após atropelamento em uma estrada do município de Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Duas larvas de terceiro estágio de D. renale foram encontradas na cavidade celomática de P. patagoniensis, a qual representa um novo hospedeiro para larvas de D. renale na região sul do RS, a qual vem se destacando devido aos diversos registros do parasito em cães e gatos domésticos, bem como animais silvestres (carnívoros, peixes, quelônios).(AU)