Chondrodysplasia Bulldog type in cattle in the state of Bahia, Brazil

Chondrodysplasia is a congenital or hereditary disorder of the endochondral ossification that results in several degrees of disproportionate dwarfism. Reports of this disease are scarce in the national literature and do not emphasize radiographic characteristics. The goal of this study was to describe the clinicopathological and radiographic aspects of a case of Bulldog type chondrodysplasia in a crossbred bovine fetus in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The fetus exhibited arounded and disproportionate skull, bilateral exophthalmos, inferior brachygnathism, partial tongue protrusion, extremely short limbs, short vertebral column and ventral abdominal hernia. Radiographic evaluation revealed that the diaphysis were the only calcified bone portions of the limbs, that the vertebral column was shortened without vertebral spinal processes and that there was craniofacial disproportion. Microscopic of the femur showed an irregular epiphyseal plaque, formed by denseclusters of chondrocytes with absence of growth plate zones. The metaphysis was markedly short and consisted of thick bony trabeculae, surrounded by cartilaginous islands. It was concluded that fetuses with Bulldog type chondrodysplasia exhibit slight morphological and radiographic variation according to the affected breed and that the gene carrier of chondrodysplasia is present in the miniature Jersey and Punganur population in the state of Bahia.(AU)

Chondrodysplasia Bulldog type in cattle in the state of Bahia, Brazil

Chondrodysplasia is a congenital or hereditary disorder of the endochondral ossification that results in several degrees of disproportionate dwarfism. Reports of this disease are scarce in the national literature and do not emphasize radiographic characteristics. The goal of this study was to describe the clinicopathological and radiographic aspects of a case of Bulldog type chondrodysplasia in a crossbred bovine fetus in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The fetus exhibited arounded and disproportionate skull, bilateral exophthalmos, inferior brachygnathism, partial tongue protrusion, extremely short limbs, short vertebral column and ventral abdominal hernia. Radiographic evaluation revealed that the diaphysis were the only calcified bone portions of the limbs, that the vertebral column was shortened without vertebral spinal processes and that there was craniofacial disproportion. Microscopic of the femur showed an irregular epiphyseal plaque, formed by denseclusters of chondrocytes with absence of growth plate zones. The metaphysis was markedly short and consisted of thick bony trabeculae, surrounded by cartilaginous islands. It was concluded that fetuses with Bulldog type chondrodysplasia exhibit slight morphological and radiographic variation according to the affected breed and that the gene carrier of chondrodysplasia is present in the miniature Jersey and Punganur population in the state of Bahia.

Congenital secondary hypothyroidism evidences in a dog

Background: Deficiency of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) results in multisystemic disease described as hypothyroidism (HpoT). Secondary HpoT is defined by TSH decreased production and, therefore, thyroid hormones. This condition is rare in dogs, accounting for less than 5% of cases. The objective of this report is to describe evidence of congenital secondary hypothyroidism in a mongrel dog and therapeutic response obtained.Case: A 3-year-old neutered male mongrel dog was brought to the veterinarian with a history of overweight without polyphagia, associated with discrete alopecia, poor quality skin and hair coat, lethargy and evident exercise intolerance. Physical examination revealed a body condition score of seven (1 to 9 scale), disqueratosis, pyoderma, ventral cervical alopecia, hair thinning on the posterior surface of the pelvic limbs and nonpalpable thyroid. A body conformation characterized by disproportionate dwarfism was observed. Owners provided a former patient´s X-ray (18 months of age), showing growth plate non-closure in vertebral bodies. Results of a complete blood count (CBC) and serum biochemical profile were within normal limits except for elevated fructosamine (459 µmol/L; reference range: 170-338 µmol/L) and total cholesterol (558 mg/dL; reference range: 135-270 mg/dL). Analyses of the hormone profile showed decreased levels of canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) 0.03 ng/mL (reference range: 0.05-0.5 ng/mL), free thyroxine by equilibrium dialysis (fdT4) 0.57 ng/dL (reference range: 0.8-3.0 ng/dL), and total thyroxine (tT4) 5.1 ng/mL (reference range: 15-30 ng/mL). A distal forelimb X-ray was performed and showed opened epiphyseal growth plates from radius and ulnar bones. The patient was discharged with sodium levothyroxine (20 µg/kg PO q 24 hr) until re-evaluation...

Congenital secondary hypothyroidism evidences in a dog

Background: Deficiency of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) results in multisystemic disease described as hypothyroidism (HpoT). Secondary HpoT is defined by TSH decreased production and, therefore, thyroid hormones. This condition is rare in dogs, accounting for less than 5% of cases. The objective of this report is to describe evidence of congenital secondary hypothyroidism in a mongrel dog and therapeutic response obtained.Case: A 3-year-old neutered male mongrel dog was brought to the veterinarian with a history of overweight without polyphagia, associated with discrete alopecia, poor quality skin and hair coat, lethargy and evident exercise intolerance. Physical examination revealed a body condition score of seven (1 to 9 scale), disqueratosis, pyoderma, ventral cervical alopecia, hair thinning on the posterior surface of the pelvic limbs and nonpalpable thyroid. A body conformation characterized by disproportionate dwarfism was observed. Owners provided a former patient´s X-ray (18 months of age), showing growth plate non-closure in vertebral bodies. Results of a complete blood count (CBC) and serum biochemical profile were within normal limits except for elevated fructosamine (459 µmol/L; reference range: 170-338 µmol/L) and total cholesterol (558 mg/dL; reference range: 135-270 mg/dL). Analyses of the hormone profile showed decreased levels of canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) 0.03 ng/mL (reference range: 0.05-0.5 ng/mL), free thyroxine by equilibrium dialysis (fdT4) 0.57 ng/dL (reference range: 0.8-3.0 ng/dL), and total thyroxine (tT4) 5.1 ng/mL (reference range: 15-30 ng/mL). A distal forelimb X-ray was performed and showed opened epiphyseal growth plates from radius and ulnar bones. The patient was discharged with sodium levothyroxine (20 µg/kg PO q 24 hr) until re-evaluation...(AU)

Avaliação placentária, análise do crescimento e diversidade genética em equinos da raça Pônei Brasileira

A região Norte Fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro se destaca na criação de diferentes raças equinas, entre elas a raça Pônei Brasileiro, que carece de informações principalmente nas áreas de reprodução, melhoramento genético e sobre o nanismo desproporcional. O trabalho foi dividido em três capítulos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do nanismo sobre a morfometria placentária (Capítulo 1), estimar as curvas de crescimento (Capítulo 2) e a diversidade genética (Capítulo 3) de equinos da raça Pônei Brasileiro. No Capítulo 1 a gestação de 19 éguas foi acompanhado e os partos assistidos. Foram realizadas mensurações nas placentas e peso do potro. Quanto ao nascimento foram observados 11 potros clinicamente normais (52%) e oito potros com nanismo condrodisplásico (48%). Nas avaliações placentárias as médias apresentaram diferenças e foram maiores nos potros normais do que nos potros com nanismo, para as medidas de perímetro do córioalantóide, área do córioalantóide, perímetro do âmnion, área do âmnion, peso total da placenta, peso do córioalantóide e no peso do potro. No Capítulo 2 a altura na cernelha dos animais foi obtida do nascimento até os 44 meses e estimadas as curvas de crescimento para diferentes funções não lineares. Os potros apresentaram altura ao nascerem de 50,66 cm. A função de Richards foi a mais indicada para estudo do crescimento por apresentar o menor erro médio de predição. Apresentando altura na cernelha à maturidade de 87,51 cm, taxa de maturação de 0,067 e R2 de 0,994. No Capítulo 3, foram coletadas amostras de pelo de 98 animais pertencentes a dois haras, realizada a genotipagem de 27 locos microssatélites e avaliadas a diversidade genética, a endogamia e a estrutura populacional de todo o rebanho. Para a diversidade os 98 animais analisados apresentaram diversidade genética moderada com leve perda de heterozigosidade. O nível de endogamia do plantel foi baixo (0,011) e a estrutura populacional foi composta por duas linhagens distintas. Como conclusão da investigação verificou-se que os potros acometidos pelo nanismo apresentaram menor peso ao nascimento e menor tamanho da placenta, principalmente em relação à área total e peso total. A função Richards foi o melhor modelo para predizer a altura dos pôneis. As diferenças observadas na placenta de potros com nanismo podem ser utilizadas para estudos que busquem identificar essas alterações durante a fase fetal permitindo intervenções durante a gestação. Estes resultados podem ser utilizados também para orientar o manejo nos haras e auxiliar nas decisões de seleção de potros baseado na sua curva de crescimento. Por último, medidas para aumentar a diversidade genética seriam necessárias para o melhoramento genético dos animais.

The North Fluminense region of the state of Rio de Janeiro stands out for the creation of different equine breeds, among them the Pônei Brasileiro breed, which lacks information mainly in the areas of reproduction, genetic improvement and about disproportionate dwarfism stunting. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of dwarfism on placental morphometry, to estimate growth curves and the status of the diversity of Pônei Brasileiro breed. The gestation of 19 mares was monitored and assisted during the births. Measurements were made on the placentas and foal weight. The withers height of the animals were obtained from birth to adulthood and estimated growth curves for different non-linear functions. In addition, hair samples were collected from 98 animals belonging to two farms, genotyping of 27 microsatellite loci was performed and genetic diversity, inbreeding and population structure of the entire herd were evaluated. At birth, 11 clinically normal foals and eight foals with chondrodysplastic dwarfism were observed. In placental assessments, the means showed differences and were higher in normal foals than in foals with dwarfism, in the measurements of the allantochorion perimeter, allantochorion area, amnion perimeter, amnion area, total placental weight, allantochorion weight and foal weight. The foals had a height of 50.66 cm at birth. Richards' function was the most suitable for the study of growth because it had the lowest mean error of prediction. With a maturity winter height of 87.51 cm, a maturation rate of 0.067 and an R2 of 0.994. For the diversity, the 98 animals analyzed showed moderate genetic diversity with slight loss of heterozygosity. The level of inbreeding of population is low (0.011) and the population structure is composed of two distinct strains. Foals affected by dwarfism had lower birth weight and smaller placental size, mainly in relation to the total area and total weight. The Richards function was the best model for predicting the height of ponies. The differences observed in the placenta of foals with dwarfism can be used for studies that seek to identify these changes during the fetal phase, allowing interventions during pregnancy. These results can be used to guide the management of the farms and assist in foal selection decisions based on their growth curve. Measures to increase genetic diversity would be interesting for the genetic improvement of animals.