Distiquíases em gatos / Distichiasis in cats

Background: Distichiasis is a disease that is rare in cats, but very common in dogs. The term distichiasis may be controversial when used in the feline species, given that they do not possess true cilia, but rudimentary hair along the superior palpebra. The patients may be asymptomatic, though some show signs of ocular discomfort and ulcerative keratitis. The diagnosis is reached through an ophthalmological exam, and the treatment consists of the removal of the cilium with or without its hair follicle. With this work, we aim to report a series of cases of distichiasis in cats, as it is an uncommon anomaly, and has the potential to cause ocular discomfort in cats. Cases: Two mobile services of veterinary ophthalmology, one in the federal district of Brasília (DF) and the other in the municipality of Valinhos (SP), attended to 9 cats over a period of 5 years (2018 to 2022). The cats (n = 9) attended are of an undefined breed with ages varying from 10 months to 9 years, with an average of 3.9-year-old. The number of distichiasis presented by the animals was classified according to their quantity, being categorized as a mild grade when there was a single cilium, moderate grade when there were 2 to 4 cilia, and severe grade when there were more than 5 cilia. The highest incidence of distichiasis in this study was in males (78%) while females accounted for (22%) of the cases. The clinical changes reported by the owners consisted of signs of ocular discomfort (photophobia, blepharospasm, and periocular itching), ocular discharge and ocular redness. In the ophthalmological evaluations, blepharospasm (22%), serous to mucosal secretion (56%), chemosis (22%), mild (44%) to moderate (11%) conjunctival hyperemia, and ulcerative keratitis (22%) were observed. Distichiasis was more frequent affecting both eyes (56%), while in only (44%) of cases it affected the left eye only. The highest occurrence of cilia was identified in the upper palpebra (78%). Distichiasis was found more often in the temporal palpebral portion (78%), and in 2 patients the identification was more challenging since these cilia lack pigmentation. Single cilium affected (44%) of patients, while 5 cats had multiple distichiasis (56%). A total of 29% of the cats had a mild grade, whereas 14% had a moderated grade, and 57% had a severe grade. The treatments performed consisted of manual epilation (ME) and electroepilation (EE). ME was carried out in 56% of the cats, with relapses occurring in 80% of the patients, while 44% of the cats submitted to EE had a relapse in 20% of the cases. Discussion: Distichiasis is an inherited disorder very frequent in dogs, but considered uncommon in cats. Its causative factor is still unknown, as is its mode of inheritance. In distichiasis therapy, epilation, electroepilation, electrolysis, diode laser, cryotherapy and surgical palpebral resection techniques are referred to as procedures. Among the treatments used in this study, we observed a lower incidence of relapse with the electroepilation technique, which proved to be a viable and successful therapeutic modality. This series of cases shows that perhaps this disorder is much more frequent than what has been reported in the literature, being sometimes underdiagnosed and consequently underreported. Therefore, distichiasis in cats should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with clinical signs of ocular discomfort and ulcerative keratitis.

Toxoplasmose encefálica em um gambá-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) / Encephalic toxoplasm in a white-eared possum (Didelphis albiventris)

Background: Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan that belongs to the Apicomplexa phylum, coccidian subclass, and affects all warm-blooded animals. The role of opossums in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Brazil is not fully understood, and there are very few descriptions of toxoplasmosis lesions in these animals. This report describes the anatomopathological, molecular and immunohistochemical findings of a case of encephalic toxoplasmosis in free-living white-eared possum (Didelphis albiventris). Case: A young male opossum (D. albiventris), was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Wild Animals of the University of Brasília, Federal District. The animal was apathetic, uncoordinated, reluctant to move, and had an exposed proximal fracture in the left radius and ulna with laceration of muscles and adjacent tendinous structures. Amputation on the left thoracic limb was performed followed by analgesia and antibiotic therapy. The environment is frequented by other wild animals, and stray cats have access to the patio of the building. Twenty-five days after arriving at the hospital, the animal was found dead in its cage. After death, a necropsy was performed. Organ fragments from the abdominal cavity, thoracic and central nervous system were collected, processed routinely for histology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Macroscopic lesions in the central nervous system were not observed. On microscopy, the brain showed moderate random glial nodules throughout the neuropil associated with the presence of spherical to elongated parasitic cysts of about 20 µm, with a thin wall and with its interior full of bradyzoites, consistent with Toxoplasma gondii. There was also moderate fibrinoid necrosis and moderate multifocal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate surrounding the blood vessels (perivascular cuffs) To investigate the etiology of the brain injury, brain sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique for detection of T. gondii and Neospora caninum. Immunostaining for T. gondii in the cyst wall and in bradyzoites and negative immunostaining for N. caninum. qPCR was positive for T. gondii and negative for N. caninum. Discussion: Diagnosis of encephalic toxoplasmosis in a Didelphis albiventris was possible based on histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular findings. The morphological classification of the brain lesion was important for the diagnosis. Brain toxoplasmosis in opossums usually results in focal areas of malacia on macroscopy and focally extensive necrosis on microscopy, neutrophil infiltrate, calcified necrotic material, and perivascular cuffs of lymphocytes and plasma cells. In the present case, similar histopathological lesions were noted, but no significant macroscopic changes were observed. The etiology here was defined by immunohistochemistry and qPCR, techniques proven to be useful and with good specificity for diagnosing toxoplasmosis in mammals. It is believed that the positive immunohistochemical and molecular result for Toxoplasma gondii together with the negative result for Neospora caninum were conclusive for the diagnosis. Thus, we demonstrate here a post mortem diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in a free-living synanthropic opossum and the use of anatomopathology, immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic option for this disease in opossums.

Prevalência da leishmaniose visceral canina e coinfecções em região periurbana no Distrito Federal - Brasil / Prevalence of visceral canine leishmaniosis and co-infections in periurban region in the Federal District - Brazil

Objetivou-se verificar a prevalência da leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) em área periurbana com foco de transmissão no Distrito Federal (DF) e também avaliar a prevalência de coinfecções como dirofilariose, anaplasmose, erliquiose e doença de Lyme em cães sororreagentes para LVC. Inicialmente, amostras de soros dos cães da área de estudo foram testadas à reação imunocromatográfica que contém dois antígenos recombinantes ̶ rK39 e rK26 − (DPP) para Leishmania sp. O soro dos animais reagentes ao teste de DPP foi confirmado para LVC com ELISA. As amostras reagentes a ambos os testes foram analisadas para possíveis coinfecções através do teste de SNAP (IDEXX 4Dx Plus). Foram avaliados 240 cães, dos quais 132 (55%) obtiveram resultados reagentes para DPP e para ELISA concomitantemente, sendo diagnosticados com LVC. Destes, 26 (20%) foram reagentes para Ehrlichia canis ou E. ewangii, 9 (7%) apresentaram positividade para Anaplasma phagocytophilum ou A. platys e, nessas amostras que se apresentaram reagentes, observou-se a ocorrência de coinfecção de anaplasmose, erliquiose e leishmaniose em 3 (2,3%) animais. Verificou-se alta prevalência da LVC na região periurbana do DF, destacando-se a necessidade de diagnóstico mais preciso quanto a coinfecções que possivelmente podem influenciar no prognóstico e manifestação do quadro clínico desses pacientes.

The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) in periurban area focusing on transmissions that occurred on Distrito Federal (DF), and also, evaluate the prevalence of co-infections like dirofilariosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis and Lyme disease in dogs seroreagents to CLV. Initially the serum of the dogs inhabitants of the study area was tested according to the immunochromatographic reaction that contained two recombinant antigens - rK39 e rK26 - (DPP) to Leishmania sp. The animal plasma that reacted to the DPP test was confirmed for CVL with ELI-SA. Through confirmation of diagnose of VL by both tests, the samples were analyzed for possible co-infections through SNAP test (IDEXX 4Dx Plus). 240 dogs were tested, 132 (55%) of which obtained reacting results for DPP and for ELISA concomitantly, being diagnosed with CVL. Amongst those, 26 (20%) were positive for Ehrlichia canis or E. ewangii, meanwhile 9 (7%) presented positive results for Anaplasma phagocytophilum or A. platys, from those samples that showed to be positive, co-infection of anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis and leishmaniasis was observed in 3 (2.3%) dogs. The high prevalence of CVL was observed in the periurban region of DF, highlighting the need for more precise diagnosis regarding co-infections that may possibly influence on the prognosis and clinical manifestation of these patients.

Prevalência da leishmaniose visceral canina e coinfecções em região periurbana no Distrito Federal - Brasil / Prevalence of visceral canine leishmaniosis and co-infections in periurban region in the Federal District - Brazil

Objetivou-se verificar a prevalência da leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) em área periurbana com foco de transmissão no Distrito Federal (DF) e também avaliar a prevalência de coinfecções como dirofilariose, anaplasmose, erliquiose e doença de Lyme em cães sororreagentes para LVC. Inicialmente, amostras de soros dos cães da área de estudo foram testadas à reação imunocromatográfica que contém dois antígenos recombinantes ̶ rK39 e rK26 − (DPP) para Leishmania sp. O soro dos animais reagentes ao teste de DPP foi confirmado para LVC com ELISA. As amostras reagentes a ambos os testes foram analisadas para possíveis coinfecções através do teste de SNAP (IDEXX 4Dx Plus). Foram avaliados 240 cães, dos quais 132 (55%) obtiveram resultados reagentes para DPP e para ELISA concomitantemente, sendo diagnosticados com LVC. Destes, 26 (20%) foram reagentes para Ehrlichia canis ou E. ewangii, 9 (7%) apresentaram positividade para Anaplasma phagocytophilum ou A. platys e, nessas amostras que se apresentaram reagentes, observou-se a ocorrência de coinfecção de anaplasmose, erliquiose e leishmaniose em 3 (2,3%) animais. Verificou-se alta prevalência da LVC na região periurbana do DF, destacando-se a necessidade de diagnóstico mais preciso quanto a coinfecções que possivelmente podem influenciar no prognóstico e manifestação do quadro clínico desses pacientes.(AU)

The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) in periurban area focusing on transmissions that occurred on Distrito Federal (DF), and also, evaluate the prevalence of co-infections like dirofilariosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis and Lyme disease in dogs seroreagents to CLV. Initially the serum of the dogs inhabitants of the study area was tested according to the immunochromatographic reaction that contained two recombinant antigens - rK39 e rK26 - (DPP) to Leishmania sp. The animal plasma that reacted to the DPP test was confirmed for CVL with ELI-SA. Through confirmation of diagnose of VL by both tests, the samples were analyzed for possible co-infections through SNAP test (IDEXX 4Dx Plus). 240 dogs were tested, 132 (55%) of which obtained reacting results for DPP and for ELISA concomitantly, being diagnosed with CVL. Amongst those, 26 (20%) were positive for Ehrlichia canis or E. ewangii, meanwhile 9 (7%) presented positive results for Anaplasma phagocytophilum or A. platys, from those samples that showed to be positive, co-infection of anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis and leishmaniasis was observed in 3 (2.3%) dogs. The high prevalence of CVL was observed in the periurban region of DF, highlighting the need for more precise diagnosis regarding co-infections that may possibly influence on the prognosis and clinical manifestation of these patients.(AU)

Surto de infecção por Piscinoodinium pillulare e Trichodina spp. em tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), pirapitingas (Piaractus brachypomus) e tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) no Distrito Federal / Outbreak of Infection by Piscinoodinium pillulare and Trichodina spp. in Tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), Pirapitingas (Piaractus brachypomus) and Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Federal District, Brazil

Background: Piscinoodinium pillulare is a mandatory mastigophore protozoan with no parasitic specificity, and an important ectoparasite of tropical and temperate psiculture. This parasite is responsible for serious health problems in Brazilian native fish. Another important pathogenic protozoan in psciculture belongs to the genus Trichodina spp., which is commonly found on the surface of fish, gills, fins, and integument. The aim of the present study was to describe an outbreak of P. pillulare and Trichodina spp. in three species of fish intensively created, emphasizing the anatomopathological and epidemiological aspects.Cases: Five animals were necropsied, among them three tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), one pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) and one tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from an intensive psciculture in the Federal District. Out of 1500 fishes, 18 (1.2%) became ill and died. It was reported that the animals showed decreased feed intake, discomfort, dyspnea, opercular movements, red skin lesions and consequent death. In the direct examination of scraping of the body surface of a fish, prepared between lamina and coverslip, a ciliated ectoparasite, with a circular bell shape, measuring approximately 20-180 μm, adhered, with morphology consistent with Trichodina spp. was evidenced. During necropsy, fragments of different organs were collected and fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology, embedded in paraffin, cut to five microns thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).Macroscopically, there were pale scaly areas in the medial-lateral regions, moderate increase amount of mucus with brown to green lumps on the body surface, partial loss of the fins, swollen gills with whitish mucus and multifocal hemorrhagic areas on the skin and between the scales.[...]

Surto de infecção por Piscinoodinium pillulare e Trichodina spp. em tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), pirapitingas (Piaractus brachypomus) e tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) no Distrito Federal / Outbreak of Infection by Piscinoodinium pillulare and Trichodina spp. in Tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), Pirapitingas (Piaractus brachypomus) and Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Federal District, Brazil

Background: Piscinoodinium pillulare is a mandatory mastigophore protozoan with no parasitic specificity, and an important ectoparasite of tropical and temperate psiculture. This parasite is responsible for serious health problems in Brazilian native fish. Another important pathogenic protozoan in psciculture belongs to the genus Trichodina spp., which is commonly found on the surface of fish, gills, fins, and integument. The aim of the present study was to describe an outbreak of P. pillulare and Trichodina spp. in three species of fish intensively created, emphasizing the anatomopathological and epidemiological aspects.Cases: Five animals were necropsied, among them three tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), one pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) and one tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from an intensive psciculture in the Federal District. Out of 1500 fishes, 18 (1.2%) became ill and died. It was reported that the animals showed decreased feed intake, discomfort, dyspnea, opercular movements, red skin lesions and consequent death. In the direct examination of scraping of the body surface of a fish, prepared between lamina and coverslip, a ciliated ectoparasite, with a circular bell shape, measuring approximately 20-180 μm, adhered, with morphology consistent with Trichodina spp. was evidenced. During necropsy, fragments of different organs were collected and fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology, embedded in paraffin, cut to five microns thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).Macroscopically, there were pale scaly areas in the medial-lateral regions, moderate increase amount of mucus with brown to green lumps on the body surface, partial loss of the fins, swollen gills with whitish mucus and multifocal hemorrhagic areas on the skin and between the scales.[...](AU)

Alterações patológicas em Quelônios no Distrito Federal

SANTOS, U. G. Achados anatomopatológicos em Testudines no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Salvador, 2021. 45p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência Animal nos Trópicos) Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2021. Com o objetivo de determinar as principais causas de morte de Testudines no Distrito Federal, foram revisadas todas as fichas de necropsia realizadas no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade de Brasília (LPV-UnB) em Testudines, durante o período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2020. Os 72 casos revisados foram agrupados e classificados quanto à espécie, procedência, estação do ano de ocorrência e diagnóstico. As espécies que mais ocorreram foram cágado-de-barbicha (Phrynops geoffroanus [26,4%]), tigre-dágua (Trachemys dorbigni [25%]), Jabuti-piranga (Chelonoidis carbonaria [9,72%]), jabuti-tinga (Chelonoidis denticulata [6,94%]), tartaruga-da-amazônia (Podocnemis expansa [1,4%]) e Quelônios, quando não foi possível fazer a identificação (30,55%). Destes animais 66,6% eram provenientes de órgão ambiental e 33,3% de cativeiro. Em 70,83% dos animais analisados tiveram direta relação com as estações de outono e inverno, sendo o mês de junho o mais frequente (29,17%). O diagnóstico conclusivo foi possível em 68,05% dos casos. A categoria de distúrbios causados por agentes físicos (46,94%) foi a mais prevalente, seguido das doenças inflamatórias (22,45%) e dos distúrbios nutricionais e metabólicas (20,41%). Fratura de casco e/ou plastrão (40,82%) foi a principal causa de morte em Testudines neste estudo. As demais causas de mortes foram distribuídas em ordem decrescente em: pneumonia (22,45%), esteatose hepática (20,41%), septicemia (10,20%) e queimaduras (6,12%). A maior parte dos casos de fratura de carapaça ou plastrão e de esteatose hepática ocorreram em animais provenientes de órgão ambiental.

SANTOS, U. G. Anatomopathological findings of necropsied Testudines in the Federal District, Brazil. Salvador, 2021. 45p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência Animal nos Trópicos) Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2021. In order to determine the main causes of death for Testudines in the Federal District, all necropsy files performed at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the University of Brasilia (LPV-UnB) in Testudines were reviewed during the period of January from 2008 to July 2020. The 72 cases reviewed were grouped and classified according to species, type of habitat, season of occurrence and diagnosis. The species that most occurred were cágado-de-de-barbicha (Phrynops geoffroanus [26.4%]), water tiger (Trachemys dorbigni [25%]), jabuti-piranga (Chelonoidis carbonaria [9.72%]), jabuti-tinga (Chelonoidis denticulata [6.94%]), amazonian turtle (Podocnemis expansa [1.4%]) and Chelonian, when it was not possible to make the identification (30.55%). Of these animals, 66.6% were free-living and 33.3% were in captivity. In 70.83% of the animals analyzed, they were directly related to the autumn and winter seasons, with the month of June being the most frequent (29.17%). The conclusive diagnosis was possible in 68.05% of the cases. The category of disorders caused by physical agents (46.94%) was the most prevalent, followed by inflammatory diseases (22.45%) and nutritional and metabolic disorders (20.41%). Hoof fracture and / or plastron (40,82%) was the main cause of death in Testudines in this study. The other causes of death were distributed in decreasing order in: pneumonia (22,45%), hepatic steatosis (20,41%), septicemia (10,20%) and burns (6,12%). Carapace or plastron fracture and hepatic steatosis occurred more frequently in animals from an environmental agency.

DIAGNÓSTICO DE SITUAÇÃO DAS PARASITOSES GASTROINTESTINAIS EM SISTEMAS DE CRIAÇÃO DE OVINOS DO DISTRITO FEDERAL - BIOMA CERRADO BRASILEIRO

Os parasitos gastrointestinais são considerados os maiores entraves à produção de ovinos nas regiões tropicais, sendo o maior problema sanitário na criação de pequenos ruminantes no Brasil. Um grande desafio aos sistemas de criação de ovinos é o controle das parasitoses gastrointestinais de forma eficaz, racional e com baixo impacto econômico e sanitário. A presente pesquisa objetivou determinar a intensidade, sazonalidade, predominância de gêneros, comportamento clínico dos animais e relação entre marcadores fenotípicos característicos de maior ocorrência de infecção às parasitoses gastrointestinais, assim como a aplicabilidade do método Famacha© como ferramenta auxiliar no diagnóstico presuntivo de verminoses em ovinos criados no Distrito Federal, no bioma cerrado brasileiro. Foram avaliadas sete propriedades, localizadas na região, bioma típico de cerrado, com uma amostragem total de 1.440 ovinos, nos meses de dezembro de 2017, julho de 2018, dezembro de 2018 e julho de 2019, meses representantes dos dois períodos climáticos típicos da região do Distrito Federal, úmido (dezembro) e seco (julho), respectivamente. Procedeu-se a avaliação coproparasitológica por meio de OPG e coprocultura, assim como avaliação de hematócrito (Ht), dosagem de proteínas plasmáticas totais, classificação dos escores Famacha©, de condição corporal e de fezes. As referidas variáveis foram submetidas à análise estatística descritiva, considerando-se o intervalo de confiança de 95%, e análises univariadas, tendo como variável dependente OPG categorizado, por meio dos testes Qui- Quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Variáveis que apresentaram valor p0,20, foram submetidas à análise de regressão logística múltipla, considerando-se como estatisticamente significativas as que apresentaram valor p0,05 no modelo final. Para avaliação da eficácia do método Famacha©, sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo foram calculados, assim como os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson, entre as variáveis Famacha©, Ht e OPG nas distintas categorias de produção e raças. Dois pontos de corte foram utilizados para classificação dos animais como doentes: Ht menor que 18% e Famacha© 4 e 5; hematócrito menor que 22% e Famacha© 3, 4 e 5. Dos 1.440 indivíduos avaliados, 34,24% deles apresentaram infecção parasitária moderada a grave (OPG da ordem Strongylida 800), observados em maiores proporções nos períodos secos. Semelhantemente, animais com escore corporal 1 e 2 (magros), também concentraram-se nos meses de julho avaliados. Quanto ao modelo de regressão logística, magreza (OR=1,63), anemia (OR=4,15), fezes pastosas ou diarreicas (OR=1,53), raças distintas à raça Santa Inês (OR=2,34), dosagem de proteínas totais menores ou iguais a 7.9g/dL (OR=3,15), categorias de produção animal jovens (OR=3,95) e fêmeas paridas (OR=4,78), assim como o período seco (OR=2,24), foram considerados marcadores fenotípicos característicos de maior ocorrência de infecção parasitária moderada a grave em ovinos criados no cerrado brasileiro (p0,05). Cinco foram os de gêneros de helmintos observados nos animais avaliados, Haemonchus spp. (68,83%), Trichostrongylus spp. (16,51%), Strongyloides spp. (11,84%), Oesophagostomum spp. (2,52%) e Cooperia spp. (0,24%), os quais apresentaram-se em proporções semelhantes tanto no período chuvoso quanto no seco. Destaca-se, como gênero predominante entre os grupos de animais avaliados e períodos, o Haemonchus spp. Cerca de 80% dos animais foram classificados com escores Famacha© 1 ou 2. Independentemente de categorias de produção ou raças, o teste apresentou maior sensibilidade quando considerou como doentes animais com escores Famacha© 3, 4 e 5 e hematócrito <22% (sensibilidade de 77,9%, no rebanho total). Ao classificar animais doentes a partir do escore Famacha© 4 e 5, e hematócrito <18%, observou-se maior especificidade no teste (97,5%). Quanto às raças, os valores de sensibilidade mantiveram-se próximos nos três grupos raciais de maior representatividade. Os percentuais de especificidade e valor preditivo negativos mantiveram-se altos, acima de 80%, independentemente de raças ou categorias de produção. Observou-se correlação negativa entre Famacha© e Ht (-0,51), assim como entre Ht e OPG (-0,44). Correlação positiva foi observada entre Famacha© e OPG (0,27). A partir do presente estudo, conclui-se que ovinos magros, anêmicos, com fezes pastosas ou diarreicas, de raças distintas à raça Santa Inês, com dosagem de proteínas totais menores ou iguais a 7,9g/dL, e pertencentes às categorias de produção animal jovens ou fêmeas paridas, merecem maiores cuidados quanto ao monitoramento da doença. O aspecto nutricional é primordial à garantia do status imunológico e, consequentemente, a redução da infecção parasitária. O teste Famacha© mostrou-se como uma importante alternativa diagnóstica das infecções helmínticas, tendo em vista a predominância do gênero Haemonchus entre os rebanhos avaliados, e a alta sensibilidade e especificidade do teste.

The gastrointestinal parasites are considered the biggest barriers to sheep production in tropical regions, being the most important sanitary problem in the creation of small ruminants in Brazil. A considerable challenge to sheep farming systems is the control of gastrointestinal parasites in an effective, rational, with low economic and health impact. This research aimed to determine the intensity, seasonality, gender predominance, clinical behavior of animals and relation between phenotypic markers to gastrointestinal parasites, as well as the applicability of the Famacha© method as an auxiliary tool in the diagnosis of worms in sheep raised in the Federal District, Brazilian cerrado biome. Seven farms, located in the Federal District region, a typical cerrado biome, with a total sampling of 1.440 sheep were evaluated in the months of December 2017, July 2018, December 2018 and July 2019, those months represent two typical climatic seasons in the Federal District region, rainy (December) and dry season (July), respectively. Coproparasitological evaluation was performed by EPG and Coproculture, as well as hematocrit (Ht), total plasma protein dosage, Famacha© score classification, body condition score, and feces score. These variables were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis, considering 95% confidence interval, univariate analyzes, having EPG categorized as a dependent variable, using qui-Square and Fisher's Exact tests. Variables that present p0,20 value, were submitted a multiple logistic regression analysis, considering as variables statistically significant those that present p0,05 in the final model. To evaluate the effectiveness of Famacha© method, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated, as well as the Pearson correlation coefficients between the variables Famacha©, Ht and EPG in the different categories of production and races. Two cut points were used to classify the animals as sick: Ht less than 18% and Famacha© 4 and 5; hematocrit less than 22% and Famacha© 3, 4 and 5. From the 1.440 individuals evaluated, 34,24% had moderate to severe parasitic infection (EPG order Strongylida 800), seen in larger proportions in dry season. Similarly, animals with body score 1 and 2 (thin), also concentrated in the months of July evaluated. The factors of herds phenotypic characterization about helminth infections in sheep from the Brazilian cerrado were (p 0.05 for all): leanness (OR = 1,63), anemia (OR = 4,15) loose stools or diarrhea (OR = 1,53), breed other than Santa Inês (OR = 2,34), total plasma protein less than or equal to 7,9g/dL (OR = 3,15), weaned lamb category (OR = 3,95), lambing ewe category (OR = 4,78), as well as the dry season (OR=2,24). Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides, Oesophagostomum, and Cooperia accounted for 68.83%, 16.51%, 11.84%, 2.52%, and 0.24%, respectively, of the helminth genera identified, with their proportional distributions being comparable between the rainy and dry seasons. Haemonchus spp, stands out as the predominant gender among the groups of animals evaluated and periods. Approximately 80% of the animals were classified as Famacha© 1 or 2. Regardless of production categories or breed, the test showed greater sensitivity when considered as sick animals with scores Famacha© 3, 4 and 5 and hematocrit <22% (sensitivity 77.9% overall herd). When classifying sick animals based on the Famacha© score 4 and 5, and Hematocrit <18%, greater specificity was observed in the test (97,5%). As for breeds, sensitivity values remained close in the three most representative racial groups. The percentages of specificity and negative predictive value remained high, above 80%, regardless of breeds or categories of production. A negative correlation was observed between Famacha© and Ht (-0,51), as well as between Ht and EPG (-0,44). Positive correlation was observed between Famacha© and EPG (0,27). From the present study, concludes that animals lean, anemics, with loose stools or diarrhea, of breed other than Santa Inês, with total plasm protein less than or equal to 7,9g/dL, and belonging to the waned lamb or lambing ewe categories, deserve more care about the monitoring of the disease. The nutritional aspect is essential to guarantee the immunological status and, consequently, the reduction of parasitic infection, especially in dry season. The Famacha© test proved to be an important diagnostic alternative for helminths infections, in view of the predominance of the gender Haemonchus among the herds evaluated, and this high sensitivity and specificity.

Estudo anatômico do trajeto do canal mandibular em felinos (Felis catus domesticus) / Anatomical study of the mandibular canal course in felines (Felis catus domesticus)

Objetivou-se descrever, por meio de tomografia computadorizada, o trajeto do canal mandibular (CM) em 20 gatos sem raça definida, com ausência de alterações na cavidade oral, provenientes do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses do Distrito Federal. Foram realizados cortes tomográficos com 2mm de espessura, acompanhando todo o trajeto do CM, tendo como referência a região do forame mandibular, as raízes distais e mesiais dos dentes pré-molares e molares e o forame mentoniano, obtendo-se medidas desde o CM até as faces vestibular, lingual, ventral e alveolar (profundidade) do corpo da mandíbula, bem como seu diâmetro. Pôde constatar que o CM manteve-se no aspecto lingual do corpo da mandíbula desde o forame mandibular até a raiz mesial do 1º pré-molar, onde se deslocou para a face vestibular, emergindo no forame mentoniano. Com relação à profundidade, seu trajeto sofreu declive a partir do forame mandibular até a região da raiz mesial do 1º molar, onde alcançou seu ponto mais profundo para prosseguir em suave ascensão até o forame mentoniano. Os dados apresentados contribuem para o estudo anatômico da mandíbula de gatos, bem como auxiliam no melhor planejamento e execução de procedimentos cirúrgicos na mandíbula dessa espécie(AU)

This study aimed to describe the path of the mandibular canal (MC), using computerized tomography, in twenty mongrel cats, with no changes in the oral cavity, from the Zoonosis Control Center of the Federal District. 2mm thick tomographic sections were taken following the entire path of the mandibular canal, considering as reference the region of the mandibular foramen, the distal and mesial roots of premolar and molar teeth, and mental foramen, obtaining measurements from the MC until the buccal, lingual, ventral and alveolar (depth) surfaces of the mandibular body as well as its diameter. MC remained on the lingual aspect of the mandibular body from the mandibular foramen to the mesial root of the first premolar, where it displaced to the buccal surface, emerging from the mental foramen. Regarding the depth, we observed a downward path from the mandibular foramen to the mesial root of the first premolar, where it reached its deepest point, the path continued in gentle ascent until to the mental foramen. Our data contribute to the anatomical study of the feline jaw and allow a better planning and execution of surgical procedures in the mandible of this species(AU)

Residues of antibiotics and microbiological quality of raw and benefited milk / Resíduos de antibióticos e qualidade microbiológica de leite cru e beneficiado

The absence of veterinary drugs residues in food is one of the requirements for food safety and this characteristic indicates the compliance with the good practices along the food chain. In milk, in addition of the risks to consumer health, the presence of antibiotics affects directly the output of dairy products inhibiting the fermentation process. This study evaluated the occurrence of antibiotic residues in raw milk samples (n = 10) and processed milk (n = 20) produced and marketed in the Federal District, using SNAP* duo tetra-Beta kit. Microbiological analyzes for counting aerobic mesophilic, total coliform and psychrotrophic, and the lactofermentation test were performed. No sample showed tetracyclines and beta-lactams residues, concluding that at the time of this study, the milk samples produced and processed in the Federal District have no chemical hazard correlated with the occurrence of antimicrobial residues; however the microbiological quality of raw and pasteurized milk was deemed unsatisfactory.(AU)

A ausência de resíduos de medicamentos veterinários nos alimentos é uma das exigências para a segurança alimentar e demonstra o respeito às boas práticas ao longo da cadeia agroalimentar. No leite, além dos riscos à saúde dos consumidores, a presença de antibióticos afeta diretamente a produção de derivados por inibir os processos fermentativos. Este estudo avaliou a presença de resíduos de antibióticos em amostras de leite cru (n=10) e beneficiado (n=20) produzido e comercializado no Distrito Federal, utilizando-se SNAP duo* kit tetra-Beta. Foram também realizadas análises microbiológicas para contagem de aeróbios mesófilos, coliformes totais e psicrotróficos, além do teste de lactofermentação. Nenhuma amostra apresentou resíduos de tetraciclinas e beta-lactâmicos, concluindo-se que até o momento desta pesquisa, o leite produzido e beneficiado no Distrito Federal não apresenta perigo químico em relação à presença destes resíduos de antimicrobianos. Entretanto, a qualidade microbiológica do leite cru e pasteurizado foi considerada insatisfatória.(AU)

Qualidade e segurança microbiológica de derivados lácteos fermentados de origem bovina produzidos no Distrito Federal, Brasil / Quality and microbiological safety of fermented bovine dairy produced in Federal District, Brazil

Considerando a crescente importância dos derivados lácteos fermentados no mercado nacional e a escassez de dados no Distrito Federal (DF), foi avaliada a qualidade e a segurança microbiológica destes produtos no DF e sua adequação aos padrões vigentes. O estudo foi desenvolvido em cinco laticínios sendo coletadas 105 amostras de derivados lácteos fermentados correspondentes a 21 lotes (n=5 por lote), com 65 amostras de iogurte, 20 de coalhada e 20 de bebida láctea fermentada. Todas as amostras foram submetidas à contagem de aeróbios mesófilos, psicrotróficos, coliformes a 35°C, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus coagulase positivo, Salmonella spp., bolores, leveduras e bactérias ácido-láticas viáveis (BAL). Do total de lotes analisados, 62% foram considerados aceitáveis segundo as Instruções Normativas n° 46/2007 e n° 16/2005. Em ordem de qualidade, a bebida láctea fermentada foi a que apresentou mais lotes aptos ao consumo (75%), seguido do iogurte (61,5%) e, por último, da coalhada (50%). Por unidades amostrais, os resultados demonstraram que: 17% amostras de iogurtes, 15% de coalhada e 20% de bebida láctea fermentada apresentaram contagens de CT acima do permitido; 11% amostras de iogurtes e 30% de bebida láctea fermentada apresentaram contagens de BAL abaixo dos limites mínimos específicos; e 61% amostras de iogurtes e 30% de coalhada estavam com contagens de bolores e leveduras acima do permitido. Nenhuma amostra apresentou desenvolvimento de E. coli ou de Salmonella spp. Apesar da ausência de perigos microbiológicos nas amostras analisadas, o estudo realizado indica problemas na produção desses derivados no DF que podem estar relacionadas a deficiências na higiene dos processos, sendo necessário maior rigor nos controles de qualidade dos laticínios e na fiscalização das indústrias.(AU)

Considering the growing importance of fermented dairy products in the domestic market and the scarcity of data in the Federal District (DF), it was evaluated the quality and microbiological safety of these products in the DF and its adaptation to current standards. The study was conducted in five dairy being collected 105 samples of fermented dairy products corresponding to 21 lots (n = 5 per lot), with 65 samples of yogurt, 20 of curd and 20 of fermented dairy drink. All samples were submitted to a count of aerobic mesophilic, psychrotrophic, coliforms at 35 ° C, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus coagulase positive, Salmonella spp., molds, yeasts and viable lactic acid bacteria (BAL). The total lots analyzed, 62% were considered acceptable under the Regulatory Instructions n ° 46/2007 and n ° 16/2005. In order of quality, fermented dairy drink was the one with lots more apt to consumption (75%) followed by yoghurt (61.5%) and, lastly, curd (50%). For samples units, the results showed that: 17% of yoghurt samples, 15% of curd and 20% of fermented dairy drink showed scores above the allowed CT; 11% of yoghurt samples and 30% of fermented dairy drink showed BAL counts below specific minimum limits; and 61% samples of yogurt and curd were 30% of curd was with yeasts and molds counts above permitted. No samples showed the development of E. coli or Salmonella spp. Despite the absence of microbiological hazards in the samples analyzed, the study indicates problems in the production of these products in the DF that may be related to deficiencies in hygienic of the processes, most rigor in the quality controls of dairy and oversight of industries is needed.(AU)

Prevalência de anticorpos contra a linfadenite caseosa em criações comerciais de ovinos no Distrito Federal, Brasil

The objective of this study was to determinate the seroprevalence of caseous lymphadenitis (CL) in commercial sheep herds in the Federal District, Brazil. One thousand and twenty-eight serum samples were collected, between March and June 2004, from all the properties (32) with at least 20 adult females in the flock. The seroprevalence of caseous lymphadenitis was determined by ELISA with secreted proteins of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. The real prevalence value for the animals was 44.0% (CI 95: 41.0; 47.0), and 50.0% of the 32 herds had at least one animal seropositive for CL. Therefore, these data show that CL is fairly widespread in commercial flocks of sheep in the Federal District.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalência de anticorpos contra linfadenite caseosa (LC) em rebanhos ovinos comerciais do Distrito Federal (DF). Foram coletadas 1.028 amostras de soro entre março e junho de 2004, de todas as propriedades (32) do Distrito Federal com pelo menos 20 fêmeas adultas no rebanho. A soroprevalência da linfadenite caseosa foi determinada por ELISA com proteínas secretadas de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Cinquenta por cento das 32 propriedades apresentaram pelo menos um animal soropositivo para o LC e a prevalência real para animais foi de 44,0% (IC 95: 41,0; 47,0), portanto, esses dados sugerem que a LC está presente em rebanhos ovinos comerciais no Distrito Federal.

Prevalência de anticorpos contra a linfadenite caseisa en criações comerciais de ovinos no Distrito Federal, Brasil / Prevalence of antibodies against caseous Lymphadenitis in comercial sheep herds in the Federal District, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalência de anticorpos contra linfadenite caseosa (LC) em rebanhos ovinos comerciais do Distrito Federal (DF). Foram coletadas 1.028 amostras de soro entre março e junho de 2004, de todas as propriedades (32) do Distrito Federal com pelo menos 20 fêmeas adultas no rebanho. A soroprevalência da linfadenite caseosa foi determinada por ELISA com proteínas secretadas de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Cinquenta por cento das 32 propriedades apresentaram pelo menos um animal soropositivo para o LC e a prevalência real para animais foi de 44,0% (IC 95: 41,0; 47,0), portanto, esses dados sugerem que a LC está presente em rebanhos ovinos comerciais no Distrito Federal.

The objective of this study was to determinate the seroprevalence of caseous lymphadenitis (CL) in commercial sheep herds in the Federal District, Brazil. One thousand and twenty-eight serum samples were collected, between March and June 2004, from all the properties (32) with at least 20 adult females in the flock. The seroprevalence of caseous lymphadenitis was determined by ELISA with secreted proteins of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. The real prevalence value for the animals was 44.0% (CI 95: 41.0; 47.0), and 50.0% of the 32 herds had at least one animal seropositive for CL. Therefore, these data show that CL is fairly widespread in commercial flocks of sheep in the Federal District.

Prevalência de anticorpos contra a linfadenite caseisa en criações comerciais de ovinos no Distrito Federal, Brasil / Prevalence of antibodies against caseous Lymphadenitis in comercial sheep herds in the Federal District, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalência de anticorpos contra linfadenite caseosa (LC) em rebanhos ovinos comerciais do Distrito Federal (DF). Foram coletadas 1.028 amostras de soro entre março e junho de 2004, de todas as propriedades (32) do Distrito Federal com pelo menos 20 fêmeas adultas no rebanho. A soroprevalência da linfadenite caseosa foi determinada por ELISA com proteínas secretadas de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Cinquenta por cento das 32 propriedades apresentaram pelo menos um animal soropositivo para o LC e a prevalência real para animais foi de 44,0% (IC 95: 41,0; 47,0), portanto, esses dados sugerem que a LC está presente em rebanhos ovinos comerciais no Distrito Federal.(AU)

The objective of this study was to determinate the seroprevalence of caseous lymphadenitis (CL) in commercial sheep herds in the Federal District, Brazil. One thousand and twenty-eight serum samples were collected, between March and June 2004, from all the properties (32) with at least 20 adult females in the flock. The seroprevalence of caseous lymphadenitis was determined by ELISA with secreted proteins of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. The real prevalence value for the animals was 44.0% (CI 95: 41.0; 47.0), and 50.0% of the 32 herds had at least one animal seropositive for CL. Therefore, these data show that CL is fairly widespread in commercial flocks of sheep in the Federal District.(AU)

ASPECTOS SOROEPIDEMIOLÓGICOS DA INFECÇÃO POR LEISHMANIA sp EM EQUÍDEOS DE TRAÇÃO DO DISTRITO FEDERAL, BRASIL

A leishmaniose em equídeos é uma realidade no mundo, sendo esta família descrita como reservatório para a doença desde 1927. Esses animais desenvolvem uma forma cutânea, de caráter benigno, tendo em sua maioria a cura espontânea. No Distrito Federal (DF), equídeos de tração são amplamente usados como meio de transporte e trabalho, estando inseridos diretamente dentro da cidade, em contato íntimo com cães e seres humanos. Vivem na maioria das vezes em currais comunitários, ambientes extremamente insalubres, com poucas condições higiênico-sanitárias, que atraem grande quantidade de insetos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leishmania sp. através das técnicas de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e do Ensaio Imunoenzimático (ELISA) em equídeos de tração no DF e descrever possíveis variáveis epidemiológicas associadas com esta prevalência. A população de equídeos do DF é estimada em 1682 animais (SEAGRI/DF), distribuídos em 20 regiões administrativas (RA). O cálculo do tamanho da amostra foi realizado de acordo com Medronho (2009) e os animais foram selecionados de forma aleatória em cada RA, sendo 178 (43,31%) sororreagentes no ELISA, 197 (47,93%) na RIFI e 111 (27,01%) reagentes em ambas a técnicas ELISA/RIFI. Foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado e as variáveis associadas com a prevalência de anticorpos foram analisadas pelo Qui quadrado, no programa BioEstat, versão 5.0. As seguintes variáveis foram consideradas significativas (p0,05): sexo, tempo de permanência com o proprietário e se os animais já deixaram o DF, quando analisados os animais reagentes na RIFI; sexo, localidade, métodos de redução de insetos no ambiente, tempo de permanência com o proprietário e se os animais já deixaram o DF, quando analisados os animais reagentes no ELISA e; sexo, usar repelente nos animais, se os animais já deixaram o DF, mucosa ocular e, entrada em áreas com córrego, quando analisados os reagentes na RIFI/ELISA. Novos estudos que possam auxiliar no melhor entendimento da participação dos equídeos na manutenção do ciclo epidemiológico de Leishmania sp serão de grande importância e possibilitarão a preconização de medidas de controle mais eficientes. O presente trabalho colaborou ao demonstrar a possibilidade de equídeos estarem se infectando e apresentando um papel importante na cadeia epidemiológica de Leishmania sp e na manutenção da doença no território do DF.

Leishmaniasis in equidae is a reality in the world, and this family has been described as reservoir for the disease since 1927. These animals develop a cutaneous form, of a benign nature, most of them spontaneous cure. In the Federal District (FD), traction equids are widely used as means of transportation and work, being inserted directly inside the city, in close contact with dogs and humans. They live mostly in community pens, extremely unhealthy environments, with few hygienic-sanitary conditions, which attract large numbers of insects. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-Leishmania sp. Through the techniques of Indirect Immunofluorescence (IFI) and the Immunoenzymatic Assay (ELISA) in traction equids in the FD and to describe possible epidemiological variables associated with this prevalence. The FD equidae population is estimated to be 1682 animals (SEAGRI / FD), distributed in 20 administrative regions (AR). The sample size was calculated according to Medronho (2009) and the animals were randomly selected in each AR, of which 178 (43.31%) were seroreagents in the ELISA, 197 (47.93%) in the IFI and 111 (27.01%) reagents in both ELISA /IFI techniques. A semi-structured questionnaire was used and the variables associated with the prevalence of antibodies were analyzed by Qui-square in the BioEstat program, version 5.0. The following variables were considered significant (p0.05): sex, length of stay with the owner and whether the animals had already left the FD, when the animals were analyzed in the IFI; Sex, locality, methods of reducing insects in the environment, residence time with the owner and if the animals have already left the FD, when analyzing the reactive animals in the ELISA and; Sex, to use repellent in the animals, if the animals have already left the FD, ocular mucosa and, entered in areas with stream, when the reagents in the IFI / ELISA were analyzed. New studies that may help to better understand the participation of equidae in the maintenance of the epidemiological cycle of Leishmania sp will be of great importance and will allow the recommendation of more efficient control measures. The present work collaborated in demonstrating the possibility of equidae being infected and presenting an important role in the epidemiological chain of Leishmania sp and in the maintenance of the disease in the territory of the Federal District.

Record of Myiasis by Cuterebra apicalis in Domestic Dog in the Central Region of Brazil / Registro de miíase por Registro de miíase por Cuterebra apicalis em cão doméstico na região Central do Brasil

Background: Cuterebrosis is a furuncular myiasis caused by a dipterous from the genus Cuterebra. These flies are highly species-specific in relation to their hosts, being mostly common to rodents, lagomorphs and marsupials, with the development of a large subcutaneous furuncle as the main clinical manifestation. The most important microscopic alterations are the invasion of the damaged area by neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and mast cells and the proliferation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells. However, the Cuterebrosis can occur in domestic animals, causing the formation of an atypical parasitic cycle, with the development of significant and severe clinical signs due to the erroneous migration of larvae, a situation not observed in typical hosts. Neuritis has been verified in cats due to the migration triggered by the larvae, causing irreversible damage to the central nervous system. In Brazil no reports of cases of myiasis in dogs and cats have been reported for any species of Neotropical Cuterebra. One of the species most commonly found in studies parasitizing mammals in the Midwest is Cuterebra apicalis. However, this Diptera has only been found parasitizing marsupials Didelphidae rodents and rodent Cricetidae. This study notifies the first case of furuncular obligatory myiasis in a dog in Central Brazil, in the Federal District, caused by Cuterebra apicalis. Case: In November 2009, an adult female Poodle dog (eight years old), was received from an urban area of the Federal District (Vicente Pires), an area close to large remnants of Cerrado stricto sensu. The dog was treated at a private veterinary clinic in Brasilia. The animal presented a furuncular myiasis in the lumbar region. Larvae were detected at the lesion site, which was collected for clinical veterinary analysis and sent for identification, on a 20 mL container with a third of its volume filled with vermiculite to safeguard the integrity of the material. [...]

Record of Myiasis by Cuterebra apicalis in Domestic Dog in the Central Region of Brazil / Registro de miíase por Registro de miíase por Cuterebra apicalis em cão doméstico na região Central do Brasil

Background: Cuterebrosis is a furuncular myiasis caused by a dipterous from the genus Cuterebra. These flies are highly species-specific in relation to their hosts, being mostly common to rodents, lagomorphs and marsupials, with the development of a large subcutaneous furuncle as the main clinical manifestation. The most important microscopic alterations are the invasion of the damaged area by neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and mast cells and the proliferation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells. However, the Cuterebrosis can occur in domestic animals, causing the formation of an atypical parasitic cycle, with the development of significant and severe clinical signs due to the erroneous migration of larvae, a situation not observed in typical hosts. Neuritis has been verified in cats due to the migration triggered by the larvae, causing irreversible damage to the central nervous system. In Brazil no reports of cases of myiasis in dogs and cats have been reported for any species of Neotropical Cuterebra. One of the species most commonly found in studies parasitizing mammals in the Midwest is Cuterebra apicalis. However, this Diptera has only been found parasitizing marsupials Didelphidae rodents and rodent Cricetidae. This study notifies the first case of furuncular obligatory myiasis in a dog in Central Brazil, in the Federal District, caused by Cuterebra apicalis. Case: In November 2009, an adult female Poodle dog (eight years old), was received from an urban area of the Federal District (Vicente Pires), an area close to large remnants of Cerrado stricto sensu. The dog was treated at a private veterinary clinic in Brasilia. The animal presented a furuncular myiasis in the lumbar region. Larvae were detected at the lesion site, which was collected for clinical veterinary analysis and sent for identification, on a 20 mL container with a third of its volume filled with vermiculite to safeguard the integrity of the material. [...](AU)

Salmonella sp. EM OVOS E PATOS (Cairina moschata) de CRIAÇÕES INFORMAIS

A pesquisa foi feita com o objetivo de investigar a presença de Salmonella sp. em suabes de cloaca e nos ovos de patas oriundos de 38 criações informais e de 38 feiras livres, além de detectar anticorpos anti-Samonella Gallinarum e Pullorum em soro sanguíneo destas aves, no Estado de Goiás e no Distrito Federal. Para determinação do perfil produtivo e sanitário destas propriedades que criavam patos foram aplicados 38 questionários compostos por 12 perguntas fechadas. Mediante as informações obtidas pelas respostas dos questionários aplicados durante as visitas, foi observado que as propriedades das regiões estudadas não apresentavam manejo produtivo e sanitário adequados. Foram colhidas 324 amostras de sangue total que foram utilizadas na prova Sorológica de Aglutinação Rápida em Placa (SAR), para detecção de anticorpos anti-Salmonella Pullorum e Gallinarum. Nesta prova 117/324 (36,1%) dos soros sanguíneos foram sororreagentes. Foram colhidas 324 suabes cloacais de patos e 912 ovos em 38 propriedades e 38 feiras, que foram subdivididos de acordo com a estrutura em pool, dando origem a 228 amostras de casca, 228 de albúmen e 228 de gemas, totalizando 684 amostras. Os suabes cloacais e ovos foram analisados por bacteriologia convencional para pesquisa de Salmonella sp. Foram obtidos 38 isolados, sendo 36 em ovos 36/684 (5,3%), onde os sorovares foram Salmonella Heidelberg, Schwarzengrund, forma antigênica O:9,12 e Salmonella Typhimurium e dois isolados de suabes de cloaca 02/324 (0,62%), sendo identificados os sorovares Salmonella Typhimurium e Hadar. A distribuição percentual dos sorovares isolados foi: 32/38 (84,2%) Salmonella Schwarzengrund, 3/38 (7,9%) Salmonella Typhimurium, 1/38 (2,6%) a forma antigênica O:9,12, 1/38 (2,6%) Salmonella Heidelberg e 1/38 (2,6%) Salmonella Hadar. Os 36 isolados de ovos e os dois de suabes cloacais foram submetidos aos testes de suscetibilidade a 15 antimicrobianos, nos quais se obteve a seguinte distribuição de resistência: 29/38 (76,3%,) às sulfonamidas, 14/38 (36,9%) à enroflaxacina, 10/38 (26,3%) à amoxicilina, 7/38 (18,4%) à ampicilina, 7/38 (18,4%) à gentamicina, 6/38 (15,8%) ao cotrimoxazol, 6/38 (15,8%) à cefalotina, 6/38 (15,8%) ao trimetoprim, 03/38 (7,9%) ao ceftiofur, 05/38 (13,1%) a neomicina, 5/38 (13,1%) à tetraciclina, 5/38 (13,1%) à fosfomicina, 3/38 (7,9%) ao cloranfenicol, 2/38 (5,3%) à ciprofloxacina e 0/38 (0%) ao florfenicol. Os 36 isolados de Salmonella foram ainda submetidos a prova de PCR em tempo real, onde foram detectados os seguintes genes: rfbJ 33/35 (94,3%), o gene Int1 foi de 07/35 (20%) e o gene Sul1 foi de 06/35 (17,1%). Portanto, foi detectada a circulação de Salmonella em patos e seus ovos nas criações informais e feiras no Estado de Goiás e no Distrito Federal, assim como a confirmação de resistência aos antimicrobianos e detecção de genes de resistência. Estas informações são importantes para determinação de risco, tanto para sanidade avícola quanto para saúde pública.

The survey was conducted in order to investigate the presence of Salmonella sp. in swabs of cloaca and duck eggs coming from 38 informal breeding sites and 38 markets, and to detect anti-Salmonella Gallinarum and Pullorum antibodies in blood serum of these birds, in the State of Goiás and the Federal Distrito. To determine the productive and sanitary profile of the farms where ducks are raised, we applied 38 questionnaires consisting of 12 closed questions. Through the information obtained by the responses to the questionnaires during the visits, we observed that the farms of the studied regions did not present adequate productive and sanitary management. We collected 324 whole blood samples were used in the test Serological Rapid Agglutination plate (SAR) to detect anti-Salmonella pullorum antibodies. In this test 117/324 (36.1%) blood sera were seropositive. We harvested 324 cloacal swabs from ducks and 912 eggs from 38 farms and 38 markets. The samples were subdivided according to the structure in pools, producing 228 eggshell samples, 228 albumen samples and 228 yolk samples, totaling 684 samples. Cloacal swabs and eggs were analyzed by conventional bacteriology for Salmonella sp. We obtained 38 isolates, 36 from eggs in 36/684 (5.3%), and the serovars were Salmonella Heidelberg, Schwarzengrund, antigenic form O: 9.12, and Salmonella typhimurium, and two isolates from cloaca swabs 02/324 (0.62%). The identified serovars were Salmonella Typhimurium and Hadar. The 36 isolates from eggs and two from cloacal swabs were submitted to susceptibility test to 15 antimicrobials, from which we obtained the following distribution of resistance: 29/38 (76.3%) to sulfonomide, 14/38 (36, 9%) to enroflaxacin, 10/38 (26.3%) to amoxicillin, 7/38 (18.4%) to ampicillin, 7/38 (18.4%) to gentamicin, 6/38 (15.8%) to cotrimoxazole, 6/38 (15.8%) to cephalothin, 6/38 (15.8%) to trimethoprim, 03/38 (7.9%) to ceftiofur, 05/38 (13.1 %) to neomycin, 5/38 (13.1%) to tetracycline, 5/38 (13.1%) to fosfomycin, 3/38 (7.9%) to chloramphenicol, 2/38 (5.3%) to ciprofloxacin, and 0/38 (0%) to florfenicol. The percentage distribution of the isolated serovars was: 32/38 (84.2%) Salmonella Schwarzengrund, 3/38 (7.9%) Salmonella Typhimurium, 1/38 (2.6%) the antigen form: 9.12, 1/38 (2.6%) Salmonella Heidelberg, and 1/38 (2.6%) Salmonella Hadar. The 36 isolates of Salmonella were also submitted to proof of real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) on which the following genes were detected: 33/35 (94.3%) for rfbJ, 07/35 (20%) for Int1 gene, and 06/35 (17,1%) for Sul1 gene. Therefore, we verified circulation of Salmonella in ducks and their eggs in informal rearing farms in the state of Goiás and in the Federal District, we also confirmed the antimicrobial resistance and detected resistance genes. This information is important for determining risk for both poultry and public health.

ESTUDO ANATÔMICO DO TRAJETO DO CANAL MANDIBULAR EM FELINOS (Felis catus domesticus)

Objetivou-se descrever, por meio de tomografia computadorizada, o trajeto do canal mandibular (CM) em 20 gatos sem raça definida, com ausência de alterações na cavidade oral, provenientes do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses do Distrito Federal. Foram realizados cortes tomográficos com 2 mm de espessura, acompanhando todo o trajeto do CM, tendo como referência a região do forame mandibular, as raízes distais e mesiais dos dentes pré-molares e molares e o forame mentoniano, obtendo-se medidas desde o CM até as faces vestibular, lingual, ventral e alveolar (profundidade) do corpo da mandíbula, bem como seu diâmetro. Pode-se constatar que o CM manteve-se no aspecto lingual do corpo da mandíbula desde o forame mandibular até a raiz mesial do 1º pré-molar, onde se deslocou para a face vestibular, emergindo no forame mentoniano. Com relação à profundidade, seu trajeto sofreu declive a partir do forame mandibular até a região da raiz mesial do 1º molar, onde alcançou seu ponto mais profundo para, a partir daí, prosseguir em suave ascensão até sua conexão com o forame mentoniano. Os dados apresentados contribuem para o estudo anatômico da mandíbula de gatos, bem como auxiliam no melhor planejamento e execução de procedimentos cirúrgicos na mandíbula desta espécie.

This study aimed to describe the path of the mandibular canal (MC),using computerized tomography, in twenty mongrel cats, with no changes in the oral cavity, from the Zoonosis Control Center of the Federal District. Tomographic sections of 2mm thickwere taken following all the path of the mandibular canal, considering as reference the region of the mandibular foramen, the distal and mesial roots of premolar and molar teeth, and mental foramen, obtaining measurements from the MC until the buccal, lingual, ventral and alveolar (depth) surfaces of the mandibular body as well as its diameter.MC remained on the lingual aspect of the mandibular body from the mandibular foramen to the mesial root of the first premolar, where it has displaced to the buccal surface, emerging from the mental foramen. Regarding the depth, we observed a downward path from the mandibular foramen to the mesial root of the first premolar, where it reached its deepest point; from there, the path continued in gentle ascent until its connection to the mental foramen. Our data contribute to the anatomical study of the feline jaw and allow a better planning and execution of surgical procedures in the mandible of this species.

Species-environment relationship in the herb-subshrub layer of a moist Savanna site, Federal District, Brazil

The soils are seasonally or permanently saturated in the moist grassland savanna, locally known as Campo Limpo Úmido. Soil moisture variation seems to determine spatial distribution of communities. The objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between environmental variables and the patterns of spatial distribution of species in the herbaceous-subshrub layer of an area of moist grassland at the Água Limpa Farm, Brasília, DF (15° 56 to 15° 59 S and 47° 55 to 47° 58 W Gr.). An area of 400 x 400 m was divided into four sections of 200 x 200 m where four transects were randomly sampled. A line intercept method was adopted for the phytossociological study. Superficial soils samples (0-20 cm) were collected for chemical and textural analyses. Gravimetric soil moisture was measured quarterly during the study-year. A total of 85 species in 67 genera and 24 families were found. The diversity was high, Shannons index, H, was 2.60 nats.cover-1. Floristic composition of the transects in soils with a high gravimetric soil moisture and high content of organic matter and sand differed from those transects in soils with a lower gravimetric soil moisture indicating seasonal variation. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed significant correlations between soil texture and soil moisture features and species distribution. Gravimetric soil moisture, organic matter, clay, silt and sand were significantly correlated to species distribution in the moist grassland determining mosaics in the vegetation.

O solo é sazonal ou permanentemente saturado nas savanas campestres úmidas, localmente conhecidas como Campo Limpo Úmido. A variação na umidade do solo parece determinar a distribuição espacial desta comunidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre as variáveis ambientais e o padrão de distribuição espacial das espécies do estrato herbáceo-subarbustivo em uma área de Campo Limpo Úmido na Fazenda Água Limpa, Brasília, DF (15° 56 a 15° 59 S e 47° 55 a 47° 58 WGr.). Uma área de 400 x 400 m foi subdividida em quatro porções de 200 x 200 m onde foram sorteadas as linhas de amostragem. No levantamento, fitossociológico adotou-se o método de inventário por interseção na linha. Foram coletadas amostras de solo superficial (0-20 cm) para análise química e textural. A umidade gravimétrica do solo foi obtida quinzenalmente durante o ano de estudo. Foram amostradas 85 espécies incluídas em 67 gêneros e 24 famílias. A diversidade da área segundo o índice de Shannon foi de H = 2,60 nats.cobertura-1. A composição florística dos transectos em solos com alta umidade gravimétrica, altos teores de matéria orgânica e areia diferiu da dos transectos em solos com menor umidade gravimétrica e com variação sazonal na umidade. Uma análise de correspondência canônica (CCA) mostrou correlações significativas entre a textura e a umidade do solo e a distribuição das espécies. As variáveis ambientais mais fortemente correlacionadas foram umidade gravimétrica, matéria orgânica, argila, silte e areia, que foram preponderantes na determinação da distribuição das espécies do campo limpo úmido da FAL, determinando a formação de mosaicos na vegetação.