Origem e destinação da fauna silvestre: levantamento de dados no estado de Sergipe / Origin and destination of wildlife: survey data in the state of Sergipe

A biodiversidade da Região Nordeste Brasileira encontra-se ameaçada pela ação humana devido a atividades como o desmatamento e a retirada de espécies silvestres do seu ambiente de origem. Assim, objetiva-se, com esta pesquisa, realizar um levantamento descritivo acerca das ações de recebimento e destinação dos animais silvestres realizadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) no estado de Sergipe. Para isso, foram utilizados os dados provenientes dos registros de captura realizados pelo IBAMA/SE entre os anos de 2016 e 2020. Os animais que compunham esse banco de dados foram classificados conforme sua classe taxonômica, sendo: aves, répteis ou mamíferos. A origem dos animais que chegaram ao IBAMA foi subdividida da seguinte forma: oriundos de apreensão, de resgate ou de entrega voluntária. Já a destinação desses animais foi classificada como: óbito, soltura, cativeiro ou outros (quando não se enquadravam nas classes anteriores). Foi elaborado um banco de dados utilizando o software Excel®, e os dados foram analisados de maneira descritiva. Dos 5.247 indivíduos apreendidos ao longo do período estudado, a maior parte pertencia à classe das aves (81,9%), seguida pela dos répteis (16,4%) e dos mamíferos (1,7%). A apreensão foi a origem mais comum dos animais recebidos pelo IBAMA/SE em todos os anos avaliados; em segundo e terceiro lugar estão a entrega voluntária e o resgate, respectivamente. Para todas as classes taxonômicas, a principal destinação dos animais foi a soltura, enquanto o envio para cativeiros foi a alternativa menos frequente em todos os anos.

The biodiversity of the Brazilian Northeast region is threatened by human action due to activities such as deforestation and the removal of wild species from their original environment. Thus, this research aims to carry out a descriptive survey about the actions of reception and destination of wild animals performed by the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources Brazilian Institute Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) in the State of Sergipe. For this, data from capture records carried out by IBAMA/SE between 2016 and 2020 were used. The animals that made up this database were classified according to their taxonomic class, being, Birds, Reptiles, or Mammals. The origin of animals that arrived at IBAMA was subdivided as follows: from seizure, rescue, or voluntary delivery. The destination of these animals was classified as: death, release, captivity, or others (when they did not fit into the previous classes). A database was created using Excel® software, and the data were analyzed descriptively. Of the 5247 individuals apprehended over the period studied, most belonged to the bird class (81.9%), followed by reptiles (16.4%) and mammals (1.7%). Seizure was the most common origin of animals received by IBAMA/SE in all evaluated years, in second and third place are voluntary delivery and rescue, respectively. For all taxonomic classes, the main destination of the animals was release, while sending to captivity was the least frequent alternative in all years.

Genetic structure simulation for Hancornia speciosa populations in Northeast Brazil / Simulação da estrutura genética de populações de Hancornia speciosa no nordeste brasileiro

ABSTRACT: Mangaba tree is a fruit tree species whose natural populations are fragmented by anthropic actions. For this reason, studies assessing the impact of fragmentation on the diversity and genetic structure of these populations are required in order to establish suitable conservation strategies. In our study, we used data from analyzes through microsatellite markers in computer simulations to estimate the rates of migration and selfing of six mangaba populations. The studied populations are located in the northeastern states of Ceará, Pernambuco and Sergipe. We tested different selfing and migration rates and selected the combination that showed values of observed and expected heterozygosity closest to those previously obtained with microsatellite markers. According to our simulations, selfing and migration were moderate. This may have led to an increase in inbreeding and genetic drift, resulting in low genetic diversity. We recommend expanding the area and reducing disturbance to promote the occurrence of pollinators, which play an important role in increasing genetic diversity.

RESUMO: A mangabeira é uma espécie frutífera cujas populações naturais se encontram fragmentadas por ações antrópicas. Desse modo, são necessários estudos sobre a avaliação do impacto da fragmentação sobre a diversidade e estrutura genética dessas populações para o estabelecimento de estratégias de conservação adequadas. No presente estudo, foram utilizados dados de análises com marcadores microssatélites em simulações computacionais para estimar as taxas de migração e autofecundação de seis populações de mangaba. As populações estudadas estão localizadas nos estados nordestinos do Ceará, Pernambuco e Sergipe. Foram testadas diferentes taxas de autofecundação e migração, e selecionada a combinação que apresentou valores de heterozigosidade observada e esperada mais próximos dos obtidos com marcadores microssatélites. Com base nas simulações, a autofecundação foi de 0,3 e a taxa de migração variou de 0,5 a 0,6, valores que podem ter conduzido ao aumento da endogamia e deriva genética, resultando em baixa diversidade genética. Recomenda-se a expansão da área e a redução de perturbações para promover a ocorrência de polinizadores, que desempenham um papel importante no aumento da diversidade genética.

Genetic structure simulation for Hancornia speciosa populations in Northeast Brazil / Simulação da estrutura genética de populações de Hancornia speciosa no nordeste brasileiro

Mangaba tree is a fruit tree species whose natural populations are fragmented by anthropic actions. For this reason, studies assessing the impact of fragmentation on the diversity and genetic structure of these populations are required in order to establish suitable conservation strategies. In our study, we used data from analyzes through microsatellite markers in computer simulations to estimate the rates of migration and selfing of six mangaba populations. The studied populations are located in the northeastern states of Ceará, Pernambuco and Sergipe. We tested different selfing and migration rates and selected the combination that showed values of observed and expected heterozygosity closest to those previously obtained with microsatellite markers. According to our simulations, selfing and migration were moderate. This may have led to an increase in inbreeding and genetic drift, resulting in low genetic diversity. We recommend expanding the area and reducing disturbance to promote the occurrence of pollinators, which play an important role in increasing genetic diversity.

A mangabeira é uma espécie frutífera cujas populações naturais se encontram fragmentadas por ações antrópicas. Desse modo, são necessários estudos sobre a avaliação do impacto da fragmentação sobre a diversidade e estrutura genética dessas populações para o estabelecimento de estratégias de conservação adequadas. No presente estudo, foram utilizados dados de análises com marcadores microssatélites em simulações computacionais para estimar as taxas de migração e autofecundação de seis populações de mangaba. As populações estudadas estão localizadas nos estados nordestinos do Ceará, Pernambuco e Sergipe. Foram testadas diferentes taxas de autofecundação e migração, e selecionada a combinação que apresentou valores de heterozigosidade observada e esperada mais próximos dos obtidos com marcadores microssatélites. Com base nas simulações, a autofecundação foi de 0,3 e a taxa de migração variou de 0,5 a 0,6, valores que podem ter conduzido ao aumento da endogamia e deriva genética, resultando em baixa diversidade genética. Recomenda-se a expansão da área e a redução de perturbações para promover a ocorrência de polinizadores, que desempenham um papel importante no aumento da diversidade genética.

Deforestation and environmental valuation of mangaba tree (Hancornia speciosaGomes) in Sergipe State, Brazil / Desmatamento e valoração ambiental da mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) no estado de Sergipe, Brasil

The aim of the current study is to evaluate deforestation in mangaba tree (Hancornia speciosaGomes) growing areas and environmental valuation in fairs held in Sergipe State, in order to suggest environmental service payment mechanisms to help conserving natural mangaba tree-growing areas in the state. Land use and cover, as well as deforestation, were measured based on MapBiomas data. Information about annual mangaba production was extracted from data provided by IBGE on Vegetable Extraction and Silviculture Production. The environmental valuation by mangaba consumers at fairs was measured through questionnaire application. Natural mangaba tree-growing areas in Sergipe State have shown low rates of forest cover and natural non-forest sites in the last 34 years. However, these areas are mainly used for agricultural purposes, a fact that compromises mangaba production. Sergipe State has shown considerable reduction in mangaba production rates from 1995 to 2016; however, such a production presented remarkable recovery in the last three years. Contingent valuation has shown that potential stakeholders are willing to financially contribute to the conservation of both mangaba trees and the Atlantic Forest.(AU)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desmatamento nas áreas de ocorrência de mangaba (Hancornia speciosaGomes) e a valoração ambiental nas feiras do estado de Sergipe, para que se possa propor mecanismos de pagamentos por serviços ambientais para conservação das áreas de ocorrência natural da mangaba no estado de Sergipe. O uso e cobertura da terra e o desmatamento foram quantificados com uso de dados do MapBiomas. A produção anual de mangaba foi extraída de dados da Produção da Extração Vegetal e da Silvicultura do IBGE. A valoração ambiental dos consumidores de mangaba nas feiras foi obtida por meio de entrevistas. As áreas de ocorrência natural de mangaba no estado de Sergipe em 34 anos apresentaram baixos percentuais de cobertura florestal e áreas naturais não florestais. Nessas áreas predomina o uso agropecuário, o que compromete a produção de mangaba. De 1995 a 2016 houve umagrande redução da produção de mangaba no estado de Sergipe, no entanto houve recuperação nos últimos três anos. A valoração contingente demonstrou que os potenciais stakeholders (tomadores de decisão) estão dispostos a contribuir financeiramente para a conservação das mangabeiras e da Mata Atlântica.(AU)

Avifauna of the Serra de Itabaiana National Park revisited: additions and deletions in a period of 15 years

The Serra de Itabaiana National Park (PARNASI) is known as an important conservation area in the ecotone between the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga in Northeast Brazil and is one of the main areas of fauna and flora studies in Sergipe. For this reason, there are some studies on its avifauna, which date back to its creation in 2005. However, after 15 years of establishment of PARNASI, an update of the inventory of birds is necessary due to adjustments in the management of the park. The present study aimed to update the bird inventory of the Serra de Itabaiana National Park, chronologically comparing the new ornithological records obtained, aiming to contribute to the knowledge and conservation of Sergipe's avifauna. The data were compiled from scientific publications, personal files and from documented records on a specialized website. The resulting list includes 227 bird species belonging to 49 families, including Thraupidae (28 species; 12.4%), Tyrannidae (25 species; 11.1%) and Accipitridae (17 species; 7.5%) as the most representative. The most representative guilds were insectivorous (87 species; 38.3%) and omnivorous (60 species; 26.4%), and by species independent of the forest environment (87 species; 38.3%). Fourteen bird species are threatened with extinction. Nine species are endemic to the Caatinga biome, eight to the Atlantic Forest and one to the Cerrado. We added 104 species to the first checklist produced for the PARNASI created in 2005, including Nyctibius grandis (Nyctibiidae), a new record for the state of Sergipe. PARNASI's updated list of bird species allows for a better assessment of its effectiveness in the conservation of the local avifauna, facilitating management actions that allow the coexistence and perpetuation of species over time.(AU)

Taxonomy and diversity of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Sergipe, Northeast Brazil

Despite the great advances in research on the taxonomy and ecology of hydroids of the Brazilian coast, those studies are concentrated in the Southeast and South regions of the country, leaving a gap in knowledge from the North and Northeast regions. Aiming to fill part of this gap, we studied the hydroids communities in the state of Sergipe, Northeast Brazil, in the continental shelf and in three estuarine regions. In the continental shelf, samplings with fishing trawls took place during the dry and rainy seasons of 1999-2003 (8 campaigns), from 18 stations distributed at depths of 10, 20, and 30 m. In the estuaries of the rivers Japaratuba, Sergipe and Vaza-Barris three ropes with six polyethylene plates were installed in each place and left submerged for three months in the dry and rainy periods of 2017. Seventy-nine hydroid species of 26 families were identified. Sixteen of these have been assigned to nine Anthoathecata families and the remaining 63 species to 17 Leptothecata families. Among the identified species, 60 are new records from Sergipe and among those, nine are also new records from the Northeast region and two from the Brazilian coast. Our results increase the hydroid records from Sergipe and extend the range of some species inside the Brazilian coast and the Atlantic Ocean, showing the potential for future studies in other environments of the Sergipe coast.

Seroprevalence of antibodies against smooth Brucella in small ruminants in the states of Sergipe, Bahia, Ceará and Paraíba / Soroprevalência de anticorpos contra Brucella lisa em pequenos ruminantes dos estados de Sergipe, Bahia, Ceará e Paraíba

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease widespread almost all over the world, representing a significant economic and public health problem. Brucella melitensis, B. suis and B. abortus are considered the most pathogenic species for humans. The most virulent species, B. melitensis is endemic in many parts of the world, particularly the biovar 3 in the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe. Some Latin American countries are seriously affected by biovar 1, especially Mexico, Peru and northern Argentina. Furthermore, while Brazil is considered free of this etiologic agent, one recurrent question is whether this infection really does not occur in Brazil or there is a lack of research/data on the subject. To answer this question, this study aims to investigate the occurrence of antibodies against smooth Brucella in goats and sheep in the states of Sergipe, Paraíba, Ceará and Paraíba. All samples were screened by the Rose Bengal test (RBT). The complement fixation (CFT) and the fluorescence polarization (FPT) tests were used as confirmatory tests. There were no positive samples in the confirmatory tests (both CFT and FPT). We, therefore, conclude that this result reinforces the previous knowledge regarding the exotic status of B. melitensis infection in Brazil.

A brucelose é uma das doenças de caráter zoonótico mais difundidas no mundo, representando um grande problema econômico e de saúde pública. A Brucella melitensis, a B. suis e a B. abortus são consideradas as mais patogênicas espécies para humanos. A espécie apontada como a mais virulenta é a B. melitensis, endêmica em várias partes do mundo, particularmente o biovar 3 na região do Mediterrâneo e na Europa Oriental. Alguns países da América Latina são seriamente afetados pelo biovar 1, especialmente México, Peru e norte da Argentina. O Brasil é considerado livre desse agente etiológico, porém sempre há o questionamento se a infecção não ocorre ou se falta pesquisa. Diante dessa questão, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra amostras lisas de Brucella em caprinos e ovinos dos estados de Sergipe, Bahia, Ceará e Paraíba. Todas as amostras foram submetidas triagem pelo teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT). Como testes confirmatórios, utilizou-se a reação de fixação de complemento (RFC) e também o teste de polarização fluorescente (TPF). Nenhuma amostra foi positiva nos testes confirmatórios (RFC e TPF). Esse resultado comprova que a infecção por B. melitensis é exótica no Brasil.

Susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos de bactérias isoladas de leite caprino em Sergipe - Brasil / Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from goat milk in Sergipe - Brazil

Background: Bacterial resistance is a fundamental aspect of One Health, which is defined as the inseparable unity of animal, human, and environmental health. Epidemiological surveillance on the spread of bacterial resistance in animals and their derived products is essential given that meat, milk, and dairy products can carry resistant microorganisms that may reach humans through the food chain either by direct consumption or by handling the product. To eliminate the scarcity of information, it is necessary to characterize the epidemiological situation in terms of bacterial resistance in dairy production in northeastern Brazil. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from goat milk samples from some municipalities in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. Materials, Methods & Results: The study included 28 goat farms in 4 municipalities of the Semiarid region of the State of Sergipe in Northeastern Brazil, namely Canindé de São Francisco (n = 11), Nossa Senhora da Glória (n = 6), Poço Verde (n = 6), and Porto da Folha (n = 5). All lactating does of each herd (n = 263) aged >1 year were, sampled randomly by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Milk samples were collected from both teats, resulting in 526 samples in total. Bacterial culturing and isolation were performed, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility profile analysis to the following active principles: amoxicillin with and without clavulanic acid, amikacin, ampicillin with sulbactam, ciprofloxacin, cefalexin, cefalotin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, penicillin G, and tetracycline. A survey form was used to obtain zootechnical information for each farm. Data are described as absolute and relative frequencies. The significance assessment of the differences between herd characteristics and bacterial isolation was performed using Pearson's chi-squared test. Bacterial isolation occurred in 15.4% (81/526) of the samples from 23.2% (61/263) of the goats. Escherichia coli (45.9% = 28/61), Staphylococcus caprae (16.4% = 10/61) and Enterococcus faecalis (11.5% = 7/61), were the most frequently isolated species. Bacterial isolations were predominant in dairy herds with up to 50 animals, production of 20 to 50 L/day and in the municipality of Porto da Folha. In terms of antimicrobial susceptibility, most isolates demonstrated resistance to penicillin and amoxicillin (88.5%), followed by ceftriaxone (23%), ofloxacin (23%), tetracycline (23%), doxycycline (19.7%), chloramphenicol (11.5%), levofloxacin (11.5%), ampicillin/ sulbactam (8.2%), amikacin (6.6%), cephalothin (4.9%), cephalexin (3.3%) and gentamicin (3.3%). Approximately 20% of the isolates were multidrug resistant, especially E. coli (50%) and S. aureus (16.7%). Discussion: E. coli was the most frequently isolated species from the samples. It is considered an environmental pathogen, and its high frequency in different herds indicates poor milking hygiene. E. coli also stood out as the species presenting the most multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (50%), with strains resistant to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. Coagulase-negative staphylococci are recognized as a public health problem as they are etiological agents of various diseases and can easily acquire antimicrobial resistance genes. Although it was not the most frequently isolated species, S. aureus was the species with the second-highest frequency of MDR strains. The presence of MDR species is relevant and indicates the need for urgent action to reduce the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Relevant steps must be taken jointly by professionals involved in human, animal, and environmental health.

Gastrointestinal parasites in marsupials from Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil / Parasitos gastrointestinais em marsupiais da Mata Atlântica do nordeste do Brasil

Os marsupiais estão envolvidos no ciclo de vida de vários patógenos de interesse médico e veterinário. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais em marsupiais capturados em fragmentos da Mata Atlântica, estado de Sergipe, nordeste do Brasil. De junho de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, marsupiais foram capturados usando-se armadilhas, e foram obtidas amostras fecais frescas após defecação espontânea. Os animais foram identificados morfometricamente e as fezes analisadas pela técnica FLOTAC. Foram capturados 88 animais, sendo 37 Marmosops incanus, 30 Marmosa demerarae, 20 Didelphis albiventris e 01 Marmosa murina. A espécie mais parasitada foi D. albiventris (45,95%) seguida de M. incanus (43,24%) e M. demerarae (23,3%). No geral, ovos de helmintos foram detectados em 47,72% (42/88) das amostras, enquanto oocistos de protozoários em 32,95% (29/88). Ovos de Ancylostoma sp. predominaram sobre outros parasitos. Este estudo aponta para a ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais e contribui para um melhor entendimento do parasitismo em marsupiais que vivem em fragmentos florestais da Mata Atlântica.

Impacts of the biological invasion by Ricinus communis L. on the native biota of the Atlantic Forest, Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil

The existence of environmental disturbances is an important facilitating factor to the establishment of biological invasions (BI). Biological invasions are considered the second biggest threat to the planet's biodiversity, behind only anthropic actions such as deforestation and habitat fragmentation. Thus, all environments are subjected to biological invasions, including Conservation Units (CU). The objective of the work was to evaluate the impacts of the exotic invasive Ricinus communis L. on the native biota of the Morro do Urubu Environmental Protection Area, Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil. Plots were allocated in places invaded by exotic invasive and in non-invaded places. Within the sample units, the number of individuals of each species present was counted. With these data, the statistics of the present study were performed. In the plots plotted on the non-invaded sites, 28 species were found. In the plots plotted on the invaded sites, only three species were sampled, among them the exotic invader studied, which showed to be the most abundant taxon in the area. In total, 75 individuals were counted in the invaded sites, of which 72 were from R. communis. In the non-invaded sites, 210 individuals. The average number of species was statistically higher in the plots where the exotic invader was removed, while from the second reading and remained until the eighth reading, the same happened for the average number of individuals. The results of this study showed the impacts caused by invasive exotic Ricinus communis on the composition, richness, diversity and resilience of an invaded Atlantic Forest area.(AU)

Condições higiênico-sanitárias e microbiológicas de amendoim cozido comercializado em Aracaju-SE / Hygienic, sanitary and microbiological conditions of cooked peanuts marketed in Aracaju-SE

O amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L) é uma oleaginosa de grande importância econômica e nutricional, consumida in natura ou processada. Destaca-se, no estado de Sergipe, o amendoim cozido comercializado em supermercados, feiras, mercados e por ambulantes. Objetivou-se avaliar condições as higiênico-sanitárias de mercados municipais de Aracaju que comercializam amendoim cozido e analisar a qualidade microbiológica do amendoim. Participaram da pesquisa dois mercados de Aracaju, com dois comerciantes de amendoim em cada local. Para a avaliação das condições higiênico-sanitárias da banca de cada comerciante, foi aplicado um checklist com 27 itens referentes ao aspecto higiênico-sanitário do local de venda, higienização dos equipamentos, balcão e utensílios, e higiene do manipulador. Para as avaliações microbiológicas foram realizadas detecção de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes, E. coli e Salmonella sp. em dois tipos de amendoim cozido (preparado pelo comerciante e adquirido pronto para a comercialização). Observou-se que todos os comerciantes apresentaram inconformidades, sendo classificados no Grupo 3 (estabelecimento de alto risco), de acordo com a legislação brasileira. As amostras de amendoim do Mercado 1 e 2 apresentaram conformidade com a legislação vigente. Entretanto, várias amostras do mercado 2 estavam com números elevados de coliformes totais e termotolerantes. Tornam-se necessárias ações educativas e corretivas em relação às boas práticas nos estabelecimentos estudados, bem como a realização de fiscalizações rotineiras com o propósito de melhorar as boas práticas de comercialização e contribuir para a segurança desse alimento.(AU)

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) is an oleaginous plant of great economic and nutritional importance, consumed fresh or processed. In the state of Sergipe, boiled peanuts are sold in supermarkets, fairs, markets and street vendors. The objective was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of municipal markets in Aracaju that sell cooked peanuts and analyze the microbiological quality of the peanut. Two markets in Aracaju participated in the survey, with two peanut traders in each location. In order to assess the hygienic-sanitary conditions of each merchant's stand, a checklist with 27 items referring to the hygienic-sanitary aspect of the place of sale, cleaning of equipment, counter and utensils, and hygiene of the handler was applied. For microbiological evaluations, detection of total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, E. coli and Salmonella sp. in two types of cooked peanuts (prepared by the trader and purchased ready for sale). It was observed that all traders presented non-conformities being classified in Group 3 (high risk establishment), in accordance with Brazilian legislation. Peanut samples from Market 1 and 2 were in compliance with current legislation. However, several samples from market 2 had high numbers of total and thermotolerant coliforms. Educational and corrective actions are necessary in relation to good practices in the establishments studied, as well as routine inspections with the purpose of improving good marketing practices and contributing to the safety of this food.(AU)

First record of Salacia tetracythara Lamouroux, 1816 (Hydrozoa, Sertulariidae) as an alien hydroid for the Atlantic Ocean

Abstract We present here the first record of Salacia tetracythara as an alien species for the Atlantic Ocean, specifically the coast of the state of Sergipe, northeast Brazil. The species was found attached to an artificial experimental plate installed in the rainy period (July-October 2017), in an estuarine region of the Sergipe River near the Sergipe Harbour. Salacia tetracythara is characterized by a small triangular space below each hydrotheca and two types of microbasic mastigophore nematocysts that differ in shape, size, and location. The species was described from Australia and has been recorded only for tropical to temperate regions of the Indo-Pacific. Salacia tetracythara seems to be a recent introduction into the Atlantic Ocean and, its introduction probably derived from ship transport between the Sergipe Harbour and regions of Oceania and/or Asia. Further investigation should be conducted to determine whether the species is established in the region and how far inside the estuary it has gone.

Bats in a restinga area in Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil

Abstract There is little known about the bats of the Brazilian restinga as most studies have concentrated on the countrys south and southeast regions. In Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil, the only study previously carried out registered 17 species in different restinga habitats. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the bat community in a restinga area in Sergipe and update the list of species that occur in the area. The study was carried out in the Caju Private Natural Heritage Reserve, on the south coast of the state of Sergipe. Monthly campaigns were carried out from October 2016 to September 2017 over two consecutive nights and alternating between two sites to capture the bats. We captured Bats using 10 mist nets that remained open between 6:00 p.m. and 12:00 p.m. We determined the abundance and trophic guilds of the captured species. In addition, we obtained the occurrence frequency degree through the Constancy Index. We captured 457 individuals distributed over 13 species and two families, where three species represented a new record for the locality. The family Phyllostomidae was the richest and most abundant. Most species were frugivorous (61.5%). According to the Constancy Index, only four species were considered common. Using Jackknife 1 estimator, we estimated 14.83 species for the area, indicating that the richness obtained in this study corresponds to 87.6% of this estimate. This study resulted in an 17.6% increase in bat richness known for the area. The high representativeness of the Phyllostomidae family may be related to the capture method used. The predominance of frugivores bats in this study may be associated with the presence of many fruit trees in the area. The low occurrence of species considered common is often reported and can be explained by the species trophic specializations and by the sampling methods. Considering the scarcity of studies in restinga areas in Northeastern Brazil, this work becomes important for the knowledge of the bats in this environment, especially for Sergipe.

Bats in a restinga area in Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil

Abstract There is little known about the bats of the Brazilian restinga as most studies have concentrated on the country's south and southeast regions. In Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil, the only study previously carried out registered 17 species in different restinga habitats. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the bat community in a restinga area in Sergipe and update the list of species that occur in the area. The study was carried out in the Caju Private Natural Heritage Reserve, on the south coast of the state of Sergipe. Monthly campaigns were carried out from October 2016 to September 2017 over two consecutive nights and alternating between two sites to capture the bats. We captured Bats using 10 mist nets that remained open between 6:00 p.m. and 12:00 p.m. We determined the abundance and trophic guilds of the captured species. In addition, we obtained the occurrence frequency degree through the Constancy Index. We captured 457 individuals distributed over 13 species and two families, where three species represented a new record for the locality. The family Phyllostomidae was the richest and most abundant. Most species were frugivorous (61.5%). According to the Constancy Index, only four species were considered common. Using Jackknife 1 estimator, we estimated 14.83 species for the area, indicating that the richness obtained in this study corresponds to 87.6% of this estimate. This study resulted in an 17.6% increase in bat richness known for the area. The high representativeness of the Phyllostomidae family may be related to the capture method used. The predominance of frugivores bats in this study may be associated with the presence of many fruit trees in the area. The low occurrence of species considered common is often reported and can be explained by the species' trophic specializations and by the sampling methods. Considering the scarcity of studies in restinga areas in Northeastern Brazil, this work becomes important for the knowledge of the bats in this environment, especially for Sergipe.

Sagitta otolith of three demersal species in a tropical environment

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe the morphology and morphometry of saggitta otoliths of Polydactylus virginicus, Menticirrhus cuiaranensis and Conodon nobilis in a tropical environment. Fishes were caught with rod and reel in competitive fishing events promoted in 2014-2015 along the coast of Sergipe. A total of 174 pairs of sagitta otoliths of P. virginicus, 181 of M. cuiaranensis and 77 of C. nobilis was extracted. In general, the sagitta otoliths of all three species analyzed here presented different morphology and shape indices. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) demonstrated significant differences among species and ontogenetic phases within each species using morphometry and shape indices. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) presented a 98.3% correct reclassification of the otoliths by species.

Sagitta otolith of three demersal species in a tropical environment

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe the morphology and morphometry of saggitta otoliths of Polydactylus virginicus, Menticirrhus cuiaranensis and Conodon nobilis in a tropical environment. Fishes were caught with rod and reel in competitive fishing events promoted in 2014-2015 along the coast of Sergipe. A total of 174 pairs of sagitta otoliths of P. virginicus, 181 of M. cuiaranensis and 77 of C. nobilis was extracted. In general, the sagitta otoliths of all three species analyzed here presented different morphology and shape indices. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) demonstrated significant differences among species and ontogenetic phases within each species using morphometry and shape indices. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) presented a 98.3% correct reclassification of the otoliths by species.

Impacts of the biological invasion by Ricinus communis L. on the native biota of the Atlantic Forest, Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil / Impacts of the biological invasion by Ricinus communis L. on the native biota of the Atlantic Forest, Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil

The existence of environmental disturbances is an important facilitating factor to the establishment of biological invasions (BI). Biological invasions are considered the second biggest threat to the planet's biodiversity, behind only anthropic actions such as deforestation and habitat fragmentation. Thus, all environments are subjected to biological invasions, including Conservation Units (CU). The objective of the work was to evaluate the impacts of the exotic invasive Ricinus communis L. on the native biota of the Morro do Urubu Environmental Protection Area, Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil. Plots were allocated in places invaded by exotic invasive and in non-invaded places. Within the sample units, the number of individuals of each species present was counted. With these data, the statistics of the present study were performed. In the plots plotted on the non-invaded sites, 28 species were found. In the plots plotted on the invaded sites, only three species were sampled, among them the exotic invader studied, which showed to be the most abundant taxon in the area. In total, 75 individuals were counted in the invaded sites, of which 72 were from R. communis. In the non-invaded sites, 210 individuals. The average number of species was statistically higher in the plots where the exotic invader was removed, while from the second reading and remained until the eighth reading, the

The existence of environmental disturbances is an important facilitating factor to the establishment of biological invasions (BI). Biological invasions are considered the second biggest threat to the planet's biodiversity, behind only anthropic actions such as deforestation and habitat fragmentation. Thus, all environments are subjected to biological invasions, including Conservation Units (CU). The objective of the work was to evaluate the impacts of the exotic invasive Ricinus communis L. on the native biota of the Morro do Urubu Environmental Protection Area, Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil. Plots were allocated in places invaded by exotic invasive and in non-invaded places. Within the sample units, the number of individuals of each species present was counted. With these data, the statistics of the present study were performed. In the plots plotted on the non-invaded sites, 28 species were found. In the plots plotted on the invaded sites, only three species were sampled, among them the exotic invader studied, which showed to be the most abundant taxon in the area. In total, 75 individuals were counted in the invaded sites, of which 72 were from R. communis. In the non-invaded sites, 210 individuals. The average number of species was statistically higher in the plots where the exotic invader was removed, while from the second reading and remained until the eighth reading, the

Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

ABSTRACT This study concerns the diplopod genus Eucampesmella Schubart, 1955, widespread in Brazil. After this work, the genus includes 12 valid species, and three incertae sedis: E. pugiuncula (Schubart, 1946), E. brunnea Kraus, 1959 and E. schubarti Kraus, 1957. The type-species, Eucampesmella tricuspis (Attems, 1931), is redescribed based on the holotype, and the following six new Brazilian species are added: Eucampesmella macunaima sp. nov. from the states of Rondônia, Pará, and Piauí; E. capitu sp. nov. from the states of Piauí and Paraíba; E. brascubas sp. nov. from the state of Sergipe; E. iracema sp. nov. from the state of Pernambuco; E. pedrobala sp. nov. from the state of Ceará; and E. lalla sp. nov. from the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Furthermore, E. lartiguei ferrii (Schubart, 1956) is recognized as a junior synonym of E. lartiguei lartiguei (Silvestri, 1897), which also had its status changed, and E. sulcata (Attems, 1898) is revalidated, prevailing under the name Leptodesmus tuberculiporus Attems, 1898. In addition, drawings, diagnoses, and distribution maps for all species of the genus are provided.

Bats in a restinga area in Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil

There is little known about the bats of the Brazilian restinga as most studies have concentrated on the countrys south and southeast regions. In Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil, the only study previously carried out registered 17 species in different restinga habitats. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the bat community in a restinga area in Sergipe and update the list of species that occur in the area. The study was carried out in the Caju Private Natural Heritage Reserve, on the south coast of the state of Sergipe. Monthly campaigns were carried out from October 2016 to September 2017 over two consecutive nights and alternating between two sites to capture the bats. We captured Bats using 10 mist nets that remained open between 6:00 p.m. and 12:00 p.m. We determined the abundance and trophic guilds of the captured species. In addition, we obtained the occurrence frequency degree through the Constancy Index. We captured 457 individuals distributed over 13 species and two families, where three species represented a new record for the locality. The family Phyllostomidae was the richest and most abundant. Most species were frugivorous (61.5%). According to the Constancy Index, only four species were considered common. Using Jackknife 1 estimator, we estimated 14.83 species for the area, indicating that the richness obtained in this study corresponds to 87.6% of this estimate. This study resulted in an 17.6% increase in bat richness known for the area. The high representativeness of the Phyllostomidae family may be related to the capture method used. The predominance of frugivores bats in this study may be associated with the presence of many fruit trees in the area. The low occurrence of species considered common is often reported and can be explained by the species trophic specializations and by the sampling methods. Considering the scarcity of studies in restinga areas in Northeastern Brazil, this work becomes important for the knowledge of the bats in this environment, especially for Sergipe.(AU)

Prevalência de parasitas gastrointestinais em ovinos criados no município de Poço Verde, Sergipe / Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep raised in the municipality of Poço Verde, Sergipe

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a identificação dos principais parasitas gastrintestinais presentes em rebanhos ovinos do município de Poço Verde, Sergipe. Para isso, 150 animais, distribuídos em 7 propriedades rurais, foram submetidos ao teste de FAMACHA® para avaliação do grau de anemia. Após a detecção de quadros de anemia, foram coletadas as fezes para elaboração de exames coprológicos. As amostras foram processadas pela técnica de contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). Associado a este, realizou-se a cultura de fezes, o que permitiu a identificação dos gêneros de larvas infectantes. Observou-se alta frequência de grau de FAMACHA® 1 e 2,correspondendo a 75,33% dos rebanhos analisados. Por outro lado, 24,67% se enquadravam na classificação de FAMACHA® 3 e 4, indicando infecção por parasitas hematófagos. A análise do OPG revelou a presença dos gêneros Trichostrongylus spp. (45%), Strongylus spp. (23%), oocistos de Eimeria spp. (18%) e Moniezia spp.(14%). Com relação à contagem de ovos e grau de infecção, 60% dos animais apresentaram grau leve, 27%moderado e 13% elevado. Na coprocultura, Oesophagostomum spp. foi o gênero de parasitas de maior frequência, com ocorrência de 31% de larvas infectantes (L3), 23% de Chabertia spp., 15% de Cooperia spp., 8% de Namatodirus spp., 8% de Trichostrongylus spp., 7% de Haemochus spp., e também a presença de hifas (8%).

The objective of this work was to identify the main gastrointestinal parasites present in sheep herds in the municipality of Poço Verde, Sergipe. For that, 150 animals, distributed in 7 rural properties, were submitted to the FAMACHA® test to assess the degree of anemia. After detecting anemia, feces were collected for coprological tests. The samples were processed by the technique of counting eggs per gram of feces (OPG). Associated with this, feces culture was carried out, which allowed the identification of the genera of infective larvae. A high frequency of FAMACHA® grade 1 and 2 was observed, corresponding to 75.33% of the herds analyzed. On the other hand, 24.67% fit the classification of FAMACHA® 3 and 4, indicating infection by hematophagous parasites. OPG analysis revealed the presence of the genera Trichostrongylus spp. (45%), Strongylus spp. (23%), oocysts ofEimeria spp. (18%) and Moniezia spp. (14%). Regarding egg count and degree of infection, 60% of the animals had a mild degree, 27% moderate and 13% high. In coproculture, Oesophagostomum spp. was the most frequent genus of parasites, with an incidence of 31% among infective larvae (L3), followed by Chabertia spp. (23%), Cooperia spp. (15%), Namatodirus spp. (8%), Trichostrongylus spp. (8%) and Haemochus spp. (7%), with the presence of hyphae (8%). The joint application of the different methods is necessary to prevent parasitic infections and the development of parasitic resistance.