Catastrophic scapular fracture in a stallion

A 4-year-old Thoroughbred stallion suffered a fracture of the left thoracic limb while racing. Because of the poor prognosis, the horse was euthanized Follow-up questions: • Morphologic diagnosis? • Etiopathogenesis? • Risk factors?

Lesão na região metacarpiana do membro torácico esquerdo de bezerra Gir decorrente de contenção para pesagem / Injury in the metacarpinal region of the left thoracic limbs resulting from retention for weighing in a Gir calf

Fraturas ósseas e luxações são mais comuns em animais jovens e, na maioria das vezes, essas fraturas ocorrem devido ao manejo incorreto desses animais, podendo levar a uma queda de produção a curto ou longo prazo, gerando perdas econômicas e produtivas de animais de alto padrão genético. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a ocorrência de uma fratura na região metacarpiana do membro torácico esquerdo de uma bezerra Gir de 12 dias de idade, causada por uma contenção ineficaz durante a pesagem. O animal proveniente de uma fazenda em Umirim/CE foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais do Centro Universitário INTA em Sobral/CE. Ao passar pelo exame radiográfico, foi constatada a fratura na região metacarpiana do membro torácico esquerdo. O animal foi imobilizado de forma manual, seguindo-se métodos semiológicos para minimizar o estresse. Para a imobilização do membro, foi utilizada a muleta de Thomas modificada e bandagens, associadas ao controle da dor com as drogas Flunixin meglumine (1,1mg/kg) e Fenilbutazona (4,4mg/kg). Depois da imobilização, o animal seguiu internado no HOVET-GA e, após 18 dias, foi realizada uma nova radiografia para ver o progresso a partir do tratamento adotado. Constatou-se a formação de um calo ósseo, com a ossificação da fratura, não sendo necessário o encaminhamento cirúrgico do animal. Assim, o tratamento com muleta de Thomas modificada foi efetivo para a recuperação do membro fraturado, além de ser um tratamento de baixo custo e fácil aplicação, tendo o animal apresentado uma boa resposta ao tratamento terapêutico para controle da dor.

Bone fractures and dislocations are more common in young animals and mostly occur due to incorrect handling of these animals, which can lead to a short or long-term drop in production, generating economic and productive losses of animals of high genetic standard. This study aimed to report the occurrence of a fracture in the metacarpal region of the left thoracic limb of a 12-day-old Gir heifer, caused by an ineffective restraint during weighing. The animal from a farm in Umirim/CE was sent to the Veterinary Hospital of Large Animals of the University Center INTA in Sobral/CE. The radiographic examination found a fracture in the metacarpal region of the left thoracic limb. The animal was manually immobilized following semiological methods to minimize stress. For the limb immobilization, a modified Thomas crutch and bandages associated with pain control with the drugs Flunixin meglumine (1.1mg/kg) and Phenylbutazone (4.4mg/kg) were used. After immobilization, the animal remained hospitalized at HOVET-GA and after 18 days a new radiograph was performed to evaluate the progress achieved with the treatment adopted. It was found the formation of a bone callus with the ossification of the fracture, not requiring the surgical referral of the animal. Thus, the treatment with the modified Thomas crutch was effective for the recovery of the fractured limb, in addition to being a low-cost and easy-to-apply treatment. The animal showed a good response to the therapeutic treatment for pain control.

Study of digital palmar and plantar arteries of horses and mules by B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography / Estudo das artérias digitais palmares e plantares de equinos e muares por ultrassonografia modo-B e Doppler

The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the palmar and plantar digital arteries of 10 horses and 10 mules through B-mode and spectral Doppler ultrasound. Likewise, compare the plantar arteries of the pelvic limbs with the palmar arteries of the thoracic limbs, in addition to verifying the differences of the digital arteries in the contralateral limbs (right and left) in horses and mules using B-mode and spectral Doppler ultrasonography. The evaluated parameters were the diameter and the intima-media thickness (IMT), resistivity index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak of systolic velocity (pSV), final diastolic velocity (fDV) and mean velocity (MV) of the lateral and medial palmar and plantar arteries digital in healthy horses and mules. The horses presented higher diameters values, IMT, pSV, fDV and MV in comparison to the mules. The variables RI and PI also presented differences between horses and mules. Also, both species showed higher values in the variables of B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography in the thoracic limbs. Differences were also detected in the comparison between the limb sides (right and left) in the two modalities. The B-Mode and spectral Doppler ultrasound techniques are viable tools to identify differences in the palmar and plantar digital arteries in healthy horses and mules, highlight the differences between the thoracic and pelvic limbs and their respective sides (right and left) as well.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar as artérias digitais palmares e plantares de 10 equinos e 10 muares, por meio de ultrassom modo B e Doppler espectral. Da mesma forma, buscou-se comparar as artérias plantares dos membros pélvicos com as artérias palmares dos membros torácicos, além de se verificarem as diferenças das artérias digitais nos membros contralaterais (direito e esquerdo) em equinos e mulas, por meio de ultrassonografia modo B e Doppler espectral. Os parâmetros avaliados foram o diâmetro e a espessura médio-intimal (EMI), o índice de resistividade (IR), o índice de pulsatilidade (IP), o pico de velocidade sistólica (pVS), a velocidade diastólica final (VDf) e a velocidade média (VM) das artérias palmares e plantares lateral e medial digitais em equinos e muares sadios. Os equinos apresentaram maiores valores de diâmetros, EMI, pVS, VDf e VM em comparação aos muares. As variáveis IR e IP também apresentaram diferenças entre equinos e muares. Cavalos e mulas apresentaram maiores valores nas variáveis de ultrassonografia modo B e Doppler nos membros torácicos. Também foram detectadas diferenças na comparação entre os lados dos membros (direito e esquerdo) nas duas modalidades. As técnicas de ultrassom modo-B e Doppler espectral são ferramentas viáveis para identificar diferenças nas artérias digitais palmares e plantares em equinos e muares saudáveis, bem como para destacar as diferenças entre os membros torácicos e pélvicos e seus respectivos lados (direito e esquerdo).

Bloqueio do plexo braquial guiado por neuroestimulação elétrica em jabuti piranga (Chelonoidis carbonarius) submetido à intervenção cirúrgica em membro torácico: Relato de caso / Brachial plexus block guided by electrical neurostimulation in a tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius) undergoing surgical intervention in the forelimb: Case report

A anestesia local tem sido recomendada para intervenções cirúrgicas quando se procura evitar a anestesia geral do animal com o intuito de minimizar os riscos, que podem ocorrer durante o aprofundamento do plano anestésico, além de promover uma rápida recuperação. O presente trabalho descreve o caso de um jabuti piranga (C. carbonarius) submetido à contenção química associada a bloqueio anestésico em plexo braquial para realização da excisão cirúrgica de um abcesso em membro tórácico direito, sendo apresentadas considerações sobre a aplicabilidade desta técnica em quelônios com destaque para os cuidados a serem tomados pelo anestesista durante a intervenção.(AU)

Local anesthesia has been recommended for surgical interventions when trying to avoid the need of general anesthesia of the animal and to minimize any risks that may occur during the deepening of the anesthetic plane, in addition to promoting a quick recovery. The present work describes the case of a tortoise (C. carbonarius) submitted to chemical restraint associated whit anesthesic blockage in the brachial plexus during surgical intervention to remove an abscess in the right thoracic limb, presenting considerations about the applicability of this technique in chelonians, with emphasis on the care to be taken by the anesthesiologist during the intervention.(AU)

Anestesia intravenosa parcial (AIVP) em uma lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) neonata / Partial intravenous anesthesia (PIVA) in a neonate maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Background: The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is the largest canid in South America and the only representative of its genus. The scientific literature presents studies referring to the management and anaesthesia of the species but is scarce in case of emergency procedures, and to date, there are no reports of anaesthesia for emergency procedures in a neonatal maned wolf. Thus, this study aimed to report xenotransfusion and emergency anaesthesia for thoracic limb amputation in an approximately 8-days-old maned wolf pup. Case: A maned wolf pup, approximately 8-day-old, with a history of an accident with an agricultural machine, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná - Palotina Sector (HVP - UFPR) with a grade III open fracture of left radius and ulna. At the physical evaluation, bullous rales were observed in the right caudal lobe on pulmonary auscultation, hypoglycemia and severe dehydration, the latter being determined by the occurrence of enophthalmos, increased capillary refill time and skin turgor (3 s). The hemogram revealed regenerative hypochromic macrocytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, and the chest radiograph showed alveolar pattern opacification, associated with the presence of air bronchograms in the caudal lobes, more evident on the right side, suggestive of pulmonary contusion. Considering the laboratory alterations and the need for amputation of the thoracic limb, xenotransfusion was chosen before the anaesthetic procedure. The animal was pre-medicated with methadone 0.2 mg/kg and anaesthetic induction was performed with propofol titrated to effect, requiring 10 mg/kg. This was followed by endotracheal intubation and anaesthetic maintenance using the partial intravenous technique with an infusion of 5 µg/kg/h of remifentanil and Isoflurane vaporised through a non-rebreathing system in oxygen at 0.6. Anaesthetic monitoring included heart rate and electrocardiogram tracing, respiratory rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide, systemic blood pressure by the oscillometric method, and oesophageal body temperature. Although the blood tests after the transfusion showed an increase in hematocrit, changes suggestive of a delayed hemolytic reaction because of the transfusion were also noticed. Discussion: Preanesthetic stabilisation is critical, as anaesthesia of unstable patients may result in a higher risk of anaesthetic complications. Critically ill patients may present systemic imbalances that can trigger pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of anaesthetics and analgesics. Neonates have several marked physiological differences, since some organs are still immature, have a high body volume of water, and present a reduced amount of total fat and concentrations of circulating proteins, making it necessary to adjust protocols and doses used for these patients. Blood transfusion between the same species is always the best option, though xenotransfusion becomes an option when there is no homologous donor available. However, it can present a great risk to life, as there is a lack of studies regarding the blood typing of the species and blood compatibility tests. We concluded that there was an increase in hematocrit after 24 h of xenotransfusion and, even with signs of delayed hemolytic reaction observed in the blood test, the patient did not show specific clinical signs of transfusion reaction. The pup was sensitive to methadone but required a high dose of propofol for anaesthetic induction. The use of methadone as a pre-anaesthetic agent and the infusion of remifentanil provided adequate analgesia based on the parameters evaluated.

Antiparkinsoniano para tratamento de sequelas neurológicas causadas pela cinomose / Antiparkinsonian for treatment of neurological sequels caused by canine distemper

Background: Canine distemper (CD) is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV). In dogs, CDV infection is characterized by the presentation of systemic and/or neurological signs with viral persistence in some organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). Neurological damages resulting from CD are a defiance for veterinarians, due to occasioned clinical sequels that influence the patient quality of life. The treatment of sequelae should seek to promote the resolution or decrease of the deleterious effects that impede the patient independence. Thus, the present report aims to describe the action of antiparkinsonian medication (levodopa associated with carbidopa) administered to 3 dogs who presented neurological sequels resulting from the canine distemper. Cases: Dog 1. A 9-month-old male mixed breed; Dog 2. A 6-month-old male Shih Tzu. Dog 3. A 8-years-old bitch mixed breed. All animals were referred for neurological care because presented neurological damages after distemper involvement. Only the Dog 2 was vaccinated to CD. Dog 1 (mixed male) had severe myoclonus, lack of proprioception, decreased of muscle tonus and paralysis in both pelvic limbs, associated with a marked thoracolumbar kyphosis. Dog 2 (a puppy Shih Tzu male) presented myoclonus in PL, proprioceptive loss in thoracic and pelvic limbs, absence of withdrawal reflex in thoracic and pelvic limbs, decrease in muscle tonus in pelvic limb and increase in thoracic limb. Dog 3 (adult unneutered bitch) presented intense myoclonus, absence of proprioception, decrease in muscle tonus and paresis of pelvic limb. All patients were treated with antiparkinsonian medication (levodopa 250 mg associated with carbidopa 25 mg) with following dosages: Dog 1 received a commercially available tablet, orally once a day for 30 days, while Dogs 2 and 3 had doses calculated by extrapolation allometric. For the Dog 2 it was prescribed 0.25 mg of levodopa and 0.025 mg of carbidopa daily for 30 days. Dog 3 was treated with 1 mg of levodopa and 0.1 mg of carbidopa patient day for the same period. Thirty days after starting the treatment, the 3 patients were evaluated again, and showed improvement of the motor signs, and the treatment was maintained. At the next return (30 days): Dog 1 showed significant improvement, however, Dog 2 started to present epileptic seizures and nystagmus that were treated with levetiracetam, while the Dog 3 not returned. As Dog 1 had a better prognosis, treatment was maintained for 1 year, with the frequency being changed from 24 h x 24 h to 48 h x 48 h after 30 days and 72x72 h after another 30 days. Unfortunately, Dog 2 had a worsening of epileptic condition and died, while Dog 3 died by road-kill. Discussion: The cases reported are uncommon, because not exist information about the use of antiparksonian to treatment of neurological damages occasioned by canine distemper. Although there are emerging therapies, such as the use of mesenchymal stem cells, that can reduce these sequels, the access is still restricted to a few professionals. Thus, the use of medications for demyelinating diseases, as antiparkinsonian, may be an alternative. In fact, the three reported patients showed recovery of the motor and sensorial damages observed, which corroborates with the possibility of a new treatment using antiparkinsonian or other drugs to demyelinating diseases.

Hipertensão situacional em cães dóceis adultos / Situational hypertension in docile adult dogs

A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é uma enfermidade silenciosa que pode afetar gatos e cães. Embora bastante descrita em felinos, a "Síndrome do Jaleco Branco", ou hipertensão situacional, é pouco relatada em cães. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar a importância do estresse na aferição da pressão arterial de cães adultos. O estudo foi realizado com 46 cães de ambos os sexos, dóceis, adultos, e aparentemente saudáveis. Após anamnese, exame físico, ambientação e manejo amigável dos animais, mensurou-se a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) pelo método Doppler no membro torácico. Foram feitas várias aferições para obtenção de média aritmética. Animais com até 160mmHg de PAS, na primeira aferição, foram considerados normotensos (36 cães, correspondente a 78,26%). Para os que tiveram PAS maior ou igual a 160mmHg (dez cães, equivalente a 21,74%), realizou-se um segundo momento de aferição, após 15 a 30 minutos, com os animais em repouso. Assim, seis desses cães apresentaram PAS entre 154mmHg e 200mmHg, sendo, então, um considerado pré-hipertenso e cinco hipertensos, e outros quatro considerados normotensos. Para o animal com pré-hipertensão e para os hipertensos, realizaram-se exames complementares, pelos quais quatro cães foram diagnosticados com doença renal crônica e dois com dislipidemia familiar dos Schnauzers. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que, dos 46 cães avaliados, 36 apresentaram-se normotensos (78,26%), um pré-hipertenso (2,17%), cinco hipertensos (10,87%) e quatro com hipertensão situacional (8,7%). Portanto, para cães em ambiente hospitalar, é importante realizar um manejo amigável e, quando necessário, mais de um momento de aferição de PAS para evitar diagnósticos errôneos de HAS.

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a silent disease that can affect cats and dogs. Although well described in felines, "white coat syndrome", or situational hypertension, is little reported in dogs. Thus, this paper aims to show the importance of stress in the measurement of blood pressure from adult dogs. The study was conducted with 46 dogs of both sexes, docile, adults, apparently healthy. After anamnesis, physical examination, ambiance, and friendly management of animals, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by the doppler method in the thoracic limb. Several measurements were made to obtain an arithmetic average. Animals up to 160mmHg of SBP, in the first measurement, were considered normotensive (36 dogs, corresponding to 78.26%). For those with SBP higher than or equal to 160mmHg (10 dogs, equivalent to 21.74%), a second measurement was performed after 15 to 30 minutes, with the animals at rest. Therefore, six of these dogs presented SBP between 154mmHg and 200mmHg (one considered prehypertense and five hypertensives) and four normotensives. For the animal with prehypertension and the hypertensives, complementary examinations were performed, in which four dogs were diagnosed with chronic kidney disease and two with family dyslipidemia of the Schnauzers. Thus, it can be concluded that among the 46 dogs evaluated, there were 36 normotenses (78.26%), a one prehypertense (2.17%), five hypertensives (10.87%), and four with situational hypertension (8.7%). Therefore, regarding dogs in a hospital environment, it is important to perform friendly management and, when necessary, more than one moment of SBP measurement to avoid erroneous diagnoses of SAH.

Hemangiosarcoma in the vastus lateralis musculature of a bitch - sonographic findings

Background: A 10-year-old spayed bitch with hip dysplasia was referred for periarticular ultrasound evaluation. A poorly marginated structure of mixed echogenicity, predominantly hypoechoic, with heterogeneous echotexture, was identified in the vastus lateralis muscle of the right pelvic limb with increased stiffness, assessed using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography, compared to that of the adjacent muscle tissues, and intense vascularization by pulsed Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Guided biopsy was performed to confirm the diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma. The objective of this study was to describe B-mode ultrasound, CEUS, and ARFI findings of hemangiosarcoma in the vastus lateralis musculature of a bitch. Case: A 10-year-old spayed bitch Golden Retriever weighing 36 kg was evaluated for pelvic limb lameness. The patient presented with bilateral pain during hip extension. The primary diagnostic suspicion was degenerative joint disease and secondary hip dysplasia. The patient was referred for imaging evaluation of the hip joints (radiography and ultrasound) under anesthesia. Right lateral and ventrodorsal projections with the pelvic limbs extended were obtained to confirm the diagnosis. In the right pelvic limb, an amorphous hypoechoic structure with irregular contours and heterogeneous echotexture was observed in the vastus lateralis muscle. In ARFI elastography, it was possible to identify differences in tissue stiffness between healthy and compromised portions. Pulsed-wave Doppler evaluation demonstrated an arterial waveform pattern with a peak systolic velocity of 38.8 cm/s, end-diastolic velocity of 6.9 cm/s, pulsatility index of 1.76, and resistive index of 0.82. CEUS study identified a mean peak of 27.26 %, mean time to peak of 39.95 s, and mean transmission time of 49.96 s. The popliteal lymph node was hyperechoic and heterogeneous in B-mode. In ARFI elastography, the average stiffness was 2.52 m/s, and the CEUS obtained an average peak of 19.98%, average time to peak of 17.52 s, and mean transit time of 22.83 s. Doppler assessment revealed no clear vascularization in the lymph node. Thoracic radiography in 3 projections and abdominal ultrasonography were performed. Radiographic evidence of pulmonary nodules was not observed. On abdominal ultrasound evaluation, it was possible to identify changes in the spleen, which presented with splenomegaly, mixed echogenicity, and heterogeneous echotexture. The animal underwent ultrasound-guided muscle biopsy, which confirmed the presence of hemangiosarcoma in the muscle. The bitch was referred for splenectomy and lymphadenectomy of the right popliteal, which confirmed neoplastic involvement of the same neoplasm. Discussion: On B-mode ultrasound, the observed changes were similar to those in a report of hemangiosarcoma in the muscles of the chest wall in dogs, which contributed to the diagnosis. Although it was only one patient, ARFI elastography results suggest that muscle hemangiosarcoma tends to follow the same elastographic characteristics as malignant lesions in other tissues. Additionally, the popliteal lymph node had a stiffness suggestive of malignancy (mean 2.52 m/s) because it presented a similar result and greater elasticity of metastatic axillary lymph nodes in bitches (>2.5 m/s) and women (> 1.44 m/s) with breast tumor. With CEUS, it was possible to identify vascularization in the sentinel lymph node that was not visible by pulsed Doppler, and in muscle mass. The findings of this report provided relevant results on muscle hemangiosarcoma in a bitch and demonstrated that the information obtained with the association of imaging methods supported the malignancy criteria described in other studies.

Trichlorfon for treatment of cutaneous habronemosis - evaluation of intravenous regional perfusion in the distal equine limbs

Background: Equine cutaneous habronemiasis is common in the distal regions of the limbs. Organophosphates, appliedsystemically, one previously used treatment, which is highly effective, but currently in disuse, due to the risks of intoxication. Regional perfusion is a potential technique for distal limb wounds, since, in addition to being used in low doses, itprevents systemic circulation of the drug and possible intoxication, and has a lower treatment cost. The current work aimedto perform clinical, laboratory, and venography evaluations of the use of trichlorfon in regional intravenous perfusion, asa possible form of treatment for cutaneous habronemosis in the distal region of equine limbs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve equines were used, divided into 2 groups, with the left thoracic limb (LTL) beingthe test limb, and the right thoracic limb (RTL) the control limb. At moment zero (M0), distal radiography and venographywere performed. The tourniquet was then loosened and after 5 min, at moment one (M1), the tourniquet was repositionedfor 1.25 mg/kg (G1) and 5.5 mg/kg (G2) trichlorfon injections into the left thoracic limb, diluted in 20 mL of Ringer’s lactate solution, and 20 mL of Ringer’s lactate solution was applied to the right thoracic limb. The tourniquet was maintainedfor 30 min after infusion in both groups. At moment 2 (M2), 4 days later, blood tests, radiography, and venography wererepeated. Every day between M0 and M2, physical examinations were performed, including measurement of the pastern,fetlock, and coronet band, and a lameness examination. There were no significant alterations in clinical parameters, behavior, and appetite. In the blood cell count, there was an increase in leukocytes on D4 in G2, although remaining withinthe reference values for the species. The biochemical tests showed no alterations. There were no changes in the circumferences evaluated and 4 equines from G2 presented lameness in the LTL and...

Correção de deformidade flexural da articulação metacarpofalangeana em uma bezerra / Correction of flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint in a calf

Background: The congenital flexural deformity is common in cattle, often affecting the metacarpophalangeal joint of thethoracic limbs. The deformity may be mild, moderate, or severe, and the therapy depends on the limb’s degree of flexionand the affected joint. In severe deformities, tenotomy of the flexor tendons and desmotomy of the suspensor ligament isrecommended. However, this surgical technique may not be sufficient to promote limb extension, and other interventionsmay be necessary. Thus, the purpose of this report is to describe a technique to correct severe flexural deformities of themetacarpophalangeal joint in calves.Case: A 3-month-old, female, Dutch-bred calf weighing 46 kg was referred for treatment of congenital flexural deformity.On attendance, the patient presented severe deformity in the right thoracic limb and mild in the left thoracic limb both at theheight of the metacarpophalangeal joints. During palpation it was possible to notice that the flexor tendons were contractedin both limbs. Radiographic exams were performed to rule out the presence of other diseases, confirming the diagnosis offlexural deformity. The patient was referred to surgery to correct the anatomical anomaly. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia and placed in right lateral decubitus. In the left thoracic limb, an incision was made in the medial region ofthe metacarpal bone, the tissues were divulsioned until the superficial digital and deep digital flexor tendons were exposed;these structures were sectioned with a scalpel, and the limb was extended, returning to the standard anatomical position. Inthe right thoracic limb, the same procedure was performed, but during the limb extension test, we observed that the limbremained flexed, we then followed with a second incision and section of the deep...

Systolic blood pressure in anesthetized bitches measured with photoplethysmography

Background: Photoplethysmography is widely used in human medicine, with few studies on its use in veterinary medicine. Its sensor detects fluctuations in blood volume at the site, providing direct readings of cardiac pulse and peripheral oxygen saturation, as well as estimating cardiac output, respiratory rate and blood pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the use of photoplethysmography and compare it to vascular Doppler ultrasound as an indirect method of measuring systolic blood pressure in bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy, using the invasive assessment of systolic blood pressure as a reference. Materials, Methods and Results: After clinical and laboratory evaluation, 34 healthy bitches were selected to undergo elective ovariohysterectomy. After food and water fasting, patients received pethidine hydrochloride intramuscularly as pre-anesthetic medication, followed by anesthetic induction with fentanyl citrate and propofol intravenously. General anesthesia was maintained by inhalation with isoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen. Intraoperative analgesia consisted of continuous infusion of fentanyl citrate intravenously. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups, the thoracic limb group (TLG) and the pelvic limb group (PLG). In each patient, non-invasive blood pressure measurement was obtained simultaneously with Doppler (DOP) and photoplethysmography (PPG). The sensors of both devices were placed on the end of the same limb. The PPG sensor was positioned in the interdigital region. In patients belonging to the TLG, the Doppler sensor was placed in the ventral region of the thoracic limb, under the ulnar artery. In PLG patients, the Doppler sensor was placed in the dorsal region of the pelvic limb, over the dorsal artery of the foot. The sphygmomanometer was positioned close to the sensors. For systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement, the cuff was inflated until the Doppler sound signal and the plethysmographic wave were lost. The cuff was then deflated until the Doppler pulse sound resumed and the photoplethysmography showed at least 2 continuous waves on a regular basis. The corresponding pressure value observed on the manometer consisted of the SBP. The same 2 evaluators performed all SBP measurements: 1 responsible for the DOP method and the other for the PPG method; both were blind to the other's findings, thus minimizing potential bias in the results. All animals underwent cannulation of the auricular artery for invasive measurement of systolic blood pressure, using a multiparameter monitor. All blood pressure measurements were performed at 5-min intervals, as well as obtaining additional parameters (heart and respiratory rate, esophageal temperature, partial tissue oxygen saturation, carbon dioxide concentration) and electrocardiographic monitoring. All parameters were documented for further statistical analysis. A strong correlation (r² = 0.95) was obtained between the DOP and PPG methods regardless of the limb on which the sensors were placed. There was a low correlation between the invasive method of measuring systolic blood pressure and the other methods. There was better agreement between the DOP and PPG methods (r2 = -0.0061; P = 0.85) when systolic blood pressure was measured in the TLG. Discussion: In the PLG, the values obtained with the DOP and PPG methods were significantly higher than those obtained with the invasive method, while the values obtained in the TLG differed slightly. It was found that the best measurement site by non-invasive methods was the thoracic limb. It was concluded that the non-invasive methods showed a low correlation with the invasive method; however, both methods had similar characteristics and photoplethysmography can be used to replace the vascular Doppler method.

Achados radiográficos e ultrassonográficos de fibrossarcoma em membro torácico de gatos: relato de três casos / Radiographic and ultrasound findings of fibrosarcoma in the cats: reports of three cases / Hallazgos radiográficos y ultrasonidos de fibrosarcoma en la extremidad torácica de gatos: informe de tres casos

O fibrossarcoma é uma neoplasia mesenquimal maligna originada dos fibroblastos que localiza-se especificamente em tecido cutâneo, subcutâneo e cavidade oral. A ressecção cirúrgica do tumor com margem de segurança é conhecida como a principal forma de tratamento. A principal forma de metástase é a via hematógena, atingindo pulmões, e menos comum em linfonodos regionais. A análise histopatológica é o exame diagnóstico de eleição para definição do tipo de tumor e sua graduação. Os exames de imagem são fundamentais no estadiamento das neoplasias e planejamento cirúrgico. A ultrassonografia e radiografia são os métodos mais utilizados e oferecem um grande apoio a oncologia médica veterinária. O exame radiográfico possibilita o achado de neoformações ósseas ou demais alterações como o aumento de volume de tecidos moles, infiltração gordurosa, e cavitações com gás ou fluído. O exame ultrassonográfico permite o conhecimento sobre a ecotextura, organização, e localização da lesão em tecidos moles. Em três gatos com fibrosssarcoma em membro torácico, foram realizadas radiografia e ultrassonografia específica da lesão. Os achados radiográficos foram aumento de volume, radiopacidade dos tecidos moles, sem acometimento ósseo. Os achados ultrassonográficos foram lesões de ecotextura grosseira, altamente heterogêneas. Os exames citológicos e histopatológicos revelaram tratar-se de fibrossarcoma. O presente relato tem como objetivo descrever os achados radiográficos e ultrassonográficos de fibrossarcoma em membro torácico de três gatos.

Fibrosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm originating from fibroblasts, which is specifically located in the skin tissue, subcutaneous tissue and oral cavity. Surgical resection of the tumor with a safety margin is known as the main form of treatment. The main form of metastasis is the hematogenous route, reaching the lungs, and less common in regional lymph nodes. histopathological analysis is the diagnostic test of choice for defining the type of tumor and its graduation. Imaging exams are essential in the staging of neoplasms and surgical planning. Ultrasonography and radiography are the most used methods and offer great support to veterinary medical oncology. The radiographic exam allows the finding of bone neoformations or other alterations such as the increase in soft tissue volume, fatty infiltration, and cavitations with gas or fluid. The ultrasound examination allows knowledge about the echotexture, organization, and location of the soft tissue lesion. Three cats with fibrosarcoma in the thoracic limb underwent lesion-specific radiography and ultrasound. The radiographic findings of fibrosarcomas were increased soft tissue radiopacity volume, without bone involvement. And the ultrasonographic findings were gross echotexture lesions, highly heterogeneous. Cytological and histopathological examinations were performed for definitive diagnosis. The present report aims to describe the radiographic and ultrasonographic findings of fibrosarcoma in the thoracic limb of three cats.

RESUMEN El fibrosarcoma es una neoplasia mesenquimatosa maligna que se origina a partir de fibroblastos, que se localiza específicamente en el tejido cutáneo, tejido subcutáneo y cavidad oral. La resección quirúrgica del tumor con un margen de seguridad se conoce como la forma principal de tratamiento. La principal forma de metástasis es la vía hematógena, que llega a los pulmones y es menos común en los ganglios linfáticos regionales. El análisis histopatológico es la prueba diagnóstica de elección para definir el tipo de tumor y su graduación. Los exámenes por imágenes son esenciales en la estadificación de las neoplasias y la planificación quirúrgica. La ecografía y la radiografía son los métodos más utilizados y ofrecen un gran apoyo a la oncología médica veterinaria. El examen radiográfico permite encontrar neoformaciones óseas u otras alteraciones como aumento de volumen de tejidos blandos, infiltración grasa y cavitaciones con gas o líquido. El examen ecográfico permite conocer la ecotextura, organización y ubicación de la lesión de tejidos blandos. A tres gatos con fibrosarcoma en la extremidad torácica se les realizó una radiografía y una ecografía específicas de la lesión. Los hallazgos radiográficos de los fibrosarcomas fueron un aumento del volumen de radiopacidad de los tejidos blandos, sin afectación ósea. Y los hallazgos ecográficos fueron lesiones macroscópicas de ecotextura, muy heterogéneas. Se realizaron exámenes citológicos e histopatológicos para el diagnóstico definitivo. El presente informe tiene como objetivo describir los hallazgos radiográficos y ecográficos del fibrosarcoma en la extremidad torácica de tres gatos.

Eletrocussão em Preguiça-real (Choloepus didactylus) - abordagem clínica e cirúrgica / Electrocution in a sloth (Choloepus didactylus) - clinical and surgical approach

Background: High voltage electric shock causes serious injury to the body, which can lead to a fatal condition. Sloths are commonly the target of this type of accident and factors such as the degree of tissue impairment and late medical care can contribute to the death of the animal or the indication of euthanasia. In this way, the present study aims to describe the treatment strategies in Choloepus didactylus victim of high voltage electrocution. Case: A female sloth weighing 6.15 kg was treated at the Wild Animals Sector of the Veterinary Hospital (HV-SAS) of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) victim of high voltage electric shock with burn on the right side face, stomatitis, glossitis, lesions extensive and bullous lesions in the thoracic and pelvic limbs, in addition to an open fracture in the radioulnar joint of the left limb with signs of necrosis. After patient stabilization (fluid therapy, antibiotic therapy, pain control, cleaning and wound dressing), the patient was transfered to the impatient room. The main treatment strategies adopted were surgery, drug therapy, food and occupational therapy. The day after the patient's arrival, the amputation of the left thoracic limb was performed. On the third day of hospitalization, the right thoracic and pelvic limbs were also amputated, and on the tenth day, debridement of the right lateral face was performed. As for drug therapy, the following drugs were used postoperatively: ceftriaxone (40 mg/kg, BID, for 47 days), dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, BID, for 4 days), silymarin (15 mg/kg, BID, for 30 days), morphine (0.4 mg/kg, BID, for 14 days; 0.8 mg/kg, SID, for 22 days) and dressing wounds on the lateral face and surgical stumps with ointment of collagenase with chloramphenicol. In food management, the animal had good acceptance of a mixture of fruits, vegetables and animal protein in a pasty presentation. The treatment by occupational therapy included basic care such as exercising, sunbathing, and desensitizing the surgical stumps (massage therapy). In conclusion, after five months, the therapeutic protocol implemented resulted in the clinical improvement of the animal, as it allowed the complete healing of the lesions on the face and surgical stumps. In addition, the care taken with the surgical stumps allowed the animal to use them as support for its locomotion. Discussion: Amputation and debridement surgeries were effective in treating electrocuted patients and should be considered when tissue is compromised, which justifies the surgical protocol adopted in this study. They were based on reports in humans, since in wild animals, although many are victims of this type of trauma, little is known about the appropriate therapeutic approach for each species. Surgical interventions associated with the antibiotic ceftriaxone were efficient for controlling the infection, since this antibiotic has a broad spectrum of activity, being used mainly in skin and soft tissue and/or bone infections, which justified its use in that patient. As for nutritional therapy, supplementation with animal protein may have contributed to the clinical improvement of the animal, since they are excellent components for tissue recovery in patients who suffered losses from burns caused by electric shocks. Stump desensitization is indicated as a treatment for neuropathic pain in amputees, and in the present study, it was essential for the animal to use the limb for locomotion. The exercises in a grassy area associated with sunbathing added as a stimulus to the patient's movement.

Clinical and arthroscopic presentation of horses with osteochondral fragmentation at metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints: a 10-year study (2010-2019) / Caracterização clínica e artroscópica de equinos com fragmentação osteocondral em articulações metacarpofalangeana e metatarsofalangeana: estudo de 10 anos (2010-2019)

This study aimed to characterize the clinical and arthroscopic presentations of horses with osteochondral fragmentation at the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of São Paulo in a 10-year period (2010-2019). The hind limbs were affected similarly to the plantar and dorsal fragments from the first phalanx, while the thoracic limbs had a more frequent occurrence on the dorsal aspect of the joint. The Brazilian Sport Horses were the most frequently observed breed. The degree of lameness was variable and might be related to fragment localization, animal age, and physical activity. There was a significant statistical difference between the joint effusion and degree of lameness; therefore, it can be considered that the joint effusion is related to degenerative joint processes and might be triggered by the presence of the osteochondral fragment. Surgical correction, especially when performed in young animals using an arthroscopic procedure is probably the best treatment option for most cases, possibly acting as a minimizer of the occurrence of secondary joint degeneration. Prospective studies of specific breeds with a larger number of animals can expand this clinical characterization and enable a better understanding of the animal's recovery after surgical or conservative management.

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a apresentação clínica e artroscópica de equinos com fragmentação osteocondral em articulação metacarpo/metatarsofalangeana atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de São Paulo, no período de 10 anos (2010-2019). Os membros pélvicos são mais acometidos com fragmentos plantaromediais da primeira falange, enquanto os membros torácicos apresentam uma caracterização de ocorrência de fragmentação dorsal da primeira falange, sendo o Brasileiro de Hipismo a raça de maior ocorrência nesta casuística. O grau de claudicação foi variável e pode relacionar-se com a localização do fragmento, a idade e o nível de atividade atlética desenvolvida. Houve relação estatística significativa entre a presença de efusão articular e o grau de claudicação, por isso suscita-se sobre a efusão relacionar-se com processos degenerativos articulares que podem ser desencadeados pela presença do fragmento osteocondral. A correção cirúrgica por meio de procedimento artroscópico provavelmente consiste na melhor opção de tratamento para a maioria dos casos, principalmente quando realizada em animais jovens, possivelmente atuando como minimizador da ocorrência de degeneração articular secundária. Estudos prospectivos de raças específicas e com um número maior de animais podem ampliar essa caracterização clínica e possibilitar um entendimento sobre a evolução após a opção ou não pelo tratamento cirúrgico.

Anatomy and surgical approach to the humerus, radius and ulna of common sloth (Bradypus variegatus) / Anatomia e acesso cirúrgico ao úmero, rádio e ulna de preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus)

The surgical clinic of wild animals has increased in routine veterinary, where fractures by traumas are of frequent occurrence. This study determined the surgical accesses for osteosynthesis of the diaphyses of the humerus, radius and ulna of common sloth (Bradypus variegatus). Seven cadavers of B. variegatus were used for determination of the muscles of the thoracic limb, as well as the most important vessels and nerves, and better bone area for fixation of internal implants. The structural conformation of the radius and ulna in Bradypus variegatus were like those described in the literature for domestic animals but the humerus presented differences in the distal extremity because it was flattened. The musculature of Bradypus variegatus showed similarities with domestic animals. Due the different conformation of the humerus the surgical access to this bone can be performed by lateral approach, from the incision of M. triceps brachii lateral head, for fixation of the implant on the lateral side of the bone. Surgical access to the radius shaft can be performed by craniolateral approach, by incising the muscular fascia and separation of the cranially M. common digital extensor, and lateral digital extensor caudally. In ulna, a caudal access to the bone can be performed followed by release of the insertion m. flexor carpoulnar for placement of the internal implant on the lateral bone face.

A clínica cirúrgica de animais silvestres tem se intensificado na rotina veterinária, onde fraturas por traumas são frequentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi a determinação de acessos cirúrgicos para osteossíntese das diáfises do úmero, rádio e ulna de preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus). Sete cadáveres de B. variegatus foram utilizados para determinação dos músculos do membro torácico, bem como dos vasos e nervos mais importantes, e melhor área óssea para fixação de implantes internos. A conformação estrutural do rádio e da ulna em B. variegatus eram similares às descritas na literatura para animais domésticos, o úmero apresentou diferenças na extremidade distal pois apresentou-se achatado. A musculatura de B. variegatus mostrou semelhanças com os animais domésticos. Devido à diferente conformação do úmero o acesso cirúrgico a este osso pode ser realizado por abordagem lateral, a partir da incisão do M. tríceps braquial cabeça lateral, para fixação do implante na face lateral do osso. O acesso cirúrgico à diáfise do rádio pode ser realizado por abordagem craniolateral, por incisão da fáscia muscular e separação cranialmente do M. extensor digital comum e extensor digital lateral caudalmente. Na ulna, pode-se realizar um acesso caudal ao osso seguido de liberação da inserção do M. flexor carpoulnar para colocação do implante interno na face lateral do osso.

Esporotricose felina na região periocular - eficácia do tratamento com itraconazol / Feline sporotrichosis in the periocular region - successful treatment with itraconazole

Background: Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. It isan emerging zoonosis with worldwide distribution, thus of great importance to public health. The infection occurs fromtraumatic inoculation of the fungus in the human skin from contaminated plants and soils and through bites or scratchesof infected animals. The occurrence of sporotrichosis has been related to zoonotic transmission, especially by domesticfelines. This work aims to report the successful use of itraconazole as monotherapy in a case of localized feline sporotrichosis and highlight the effectiveness of cytology in its diagnosis.Case: A 1-year-and-4-month-old spayed female cat undefined breed, weighing 3.1 kg, was referred to the VeterinaryMedical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), city of Umuarama, presenting a serosanguinous ulcerative lesion located in the left periocular region The clinical picture of the patient progressed over 3 months.Treatments with antibiotic therapy, corticosteroids, and surgical procedures were conducted, without clinical improvement. A new lesion in the distal portion of the thoracic limb emerged, proving that the disease remained in progression.Hematological exams were performed, among them hemogram, renal and hepatic biochemical analyses, SNAPS to identifythe feline immunodeficiency virus feline leukemia virus (FIV/FeLV), and cytology of the lesion through imprints. Thehematological results were all within the normal standards for the species. Cytology showed a large amount of oval andfusiform structures phagocyted by polymorphonuclear cells, free at the bottom of the slide, compatible with Sporothrixspp. The treatment administered was itraconazole (100 mg/cat), orally administered every 24 h, cefovecin sodium 8 mg/kg,subcutaneous, single dose, topical use of...

Systemic phaeohyphomycosis in a dog caused by Cladophialophora bantiana

Background: Cladophialophora bantiana is a dematiaceous fungus that causes phaeohyphomycosis, a generic term used to describe a variety of unusual mycoses caused by fungi that have melanin in their cell wall. C. bantiana targets the central nervous system, commonly causing localized brain infections that may result in disseminated infections. In Brazil, minimal phaeohyphomycosis data are available, and information about C. bantiana infections in animals, especially canines, is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of systemic phaeohyphomycosis caused by C. bantiana in a dog. Case: A 1-year-old female Pit Bull presented with weight loss, reduced appetite, and a history of cutaneous lesions on the right thoracic limb; however, clinical evolution was not reported. The bitch had reportedly given birth recently. Physical examination revealed thinness, pale ocular and oral mucosa, submandibular lymph nodes, and enlarged popliteal lymph nodes. The bitch died after convulsive crises during hospitalization. At necropsy, white-yellowish multifocal nodules were observed in the liver and right kidney. The brain featured left cerebral hemisphere asymmetry with blood vessel congestion in the leptomeninges and an irregular brownish focal area on the surface of the right occipital cortex. Cross-sections of the formalin-fi xed brain exhibited compression of the left lateral ventricle and the presence of grayish and friable multifocal areas in the gray matter of the left parietal and right occipital cortices. Fragments of the lesions were collected for histopathological and microbiological examination. Histologically, the lesions were similar, characterized by hepatitis, nephritis, and granulomatous and necrotizing...

Esporotricose felina na região periocular - eficácia do tratamento com itraconazol / Feline sporotrichosis in the periocular region - successful treatment with itraconazole

Background: Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. It isan emerging zoonosis with worldwide distribution, thus of great importance to public health. The infection occurs fromtraumatic inoculation of the fungus in the human skin from contaminated plants and soils and through bites or scratchesof infected animals. The occurrence of sporotrichosis has been related to zoonotic transmission, especially by domesticfelines. This work aims to report the successful use of itraconazole as monotherapy in a case of localized feline sporotrichosis and highlight the effectiveness of cytology in its diagnosis.Case: A 1-year-and-4-month-old spayed female cat undefined breed, weighing 3.1 kg, was referred to the VeterinaryMedical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), city of Umuarama, presenting a serosanguinous ulcerative lesion located in the left periocular region The clinical picture of the patient progressed over 3 months.Treatments with antibiotic therapy, corticosteroids, and surgical procedures were conducted, without clinical improvement. A new lesion in the distal portion of the thoracic limb emerged, proving that the disease remained in progression.Hematological exams were performed, among them hemogram, renal and hepatic biochemical analyses, SNAPS to identifythe feline immunodeficiency virus feline leukemia virus (FIV/FeLV), and cytology of the lesion through imprints. Thehematological results were all within the normal standards for the species. Cytology showed a large amount of oval andfusiform structures phagocyted by polymorphonuclear cells, free at the bottom of the slide, compatible with Sporothrixspp. The treatment administered was itraconazole (100 mg/cat), orally administered every 24 h, cefovecin sodium 8 mg/kg,subcutaneous, single dose, topical use of...(AU)

Pitiose cutânea em equino no sertão do Ceará / Skin pythiosis in horse in the backwoods of the Ceará State

A pitiose é uma infecção invasiva ulcerativa piogranulomatosa causada pelo oomiceto Pythium insidiosum, parasita de plantas aquáticas em águas estagnadas. Apesar de não serem raros os relatos de pitiose nas espécies domésticas, a espécie equina é a mais afetada. A enfermidade pode ser adquirida através da colonização de lesões traumáticas e do folículo piloso. Em casos dessa infecção, pode-se encontrar hifas recobertas por células necróticas, formando massas branco-amareladas semelhantes a corais, denominadas de kunkers. As lesões são localizadas prioritariamente nas extremidades distais dos membros e na porção ventral da parede tóraco-abdominal. O diagnóstico da pitiose está relacionado a um prognóstico reservado dependendo do grau de comprometimento anatômico que a enfermidade se encontra. Diante do exposto, este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar um caso de pitiose cutânea em um equino, fêmea da raça Mangalarga Machador. O animal apresentava lesões ulcerativas no membro torácico esquerdo e no membro pélvico esquerdo. O tratamento escolhido foi o cirúrgico e imunoterápico, com intuito de remover todo o tecido lesionado e, posteriormente, coletar material para realização do exame histopatológico. O equino foi submetido a um protocolo pós-operatório com a terapia antitetânica por via intramuscular. A antibioticoterapia sistêmica foi realizada com penicilina benzatina, anti-inflamatório esteroidal, dexametasona foi realizada uma vez ao dia, durante cinco dias. Posteriormente, optou-se pelo uso do anti-inflamatório não esteroidal maxicam uma vez ao dia, durante cinco dias. O animal recebeu quatro doses do imunoterápico PITIUM-VAC por via subcutânea, com intervalo de 14 dias entre uma e outra aplicação, apresentando uma resposta satisfatória ao tratamento.

Pythiosis is an invasive ulcerative pyogranulomatous infection caused by the Oomycete Pythium insidiosum, a parasite of aquatic plants in standing water. Although reports of pythiosis in domestic species are not uncommon, equine species are the most affected. The disease can be acquired through the colonization of traumatic lesions and hair follicles. Hyphae covered by necrotic cells, forming yellowish-white coral-like masses called "kunkers" can be found. The lesions are located primarily on the distal extremities of the limbs and on the ventral portion of the thoracoabdominal wall. The diagnosis of pythiosis is linked to a poor prognosis, depending on the degree of anatomical involvement of the disease. Thus, this work aimed to report a case of cutaneous pythiosis in a female Mangalarga Machador equine. The animal presented ulcerative lesions on the left thoracic limb and the left pelvic limb. The chosen treatment was surgery and immunotherapy to remove all the injured tissue and, later, collect the material for histopathological examination. The horse was submitted to a post-operative protocol with intramuscular anti-tetanus therapy. Systemic antibiotic therapy with benzathine penicillin, steroidal anti-inflammatory, dexamethasone was performed once a day for five days. Subsequently, it was decided to use the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory maxicam once a day for five days. The animal received four doses of the immunotherapy PITIUM-VAC subcutaneously, with an interval of 14 days between applications, presenting a satisfactory response to the treatment.

Malformações congênitas em ovinos - surto causado por Mimosa tenuiflora / Congenital malformationsin sheep - outbreak caused by Mimosa tenuiflora

Background: Congenital malformations are anomalies, structural or functional, that occur during the embryonic or fetal phase. There are several causes, one of which is the ingestion of toxic plants. Considering the importance of native toxic plants in the Central Backlands of Ceará state - Brazil, this paper reports cases of congenital malformations in sheep due to ingestion of Mimosa tenuiflora. Cases: Cases of abortion and malformations in sheep, were monitored in a rural property in the municipality of Piquet Carneiro with 20 ruminants (15 sheep and 5 cows) raised on a semi-intensive regime. The animals grazed during the day and were supplemented with corn, having unrestricted access to dam water. On its margins, there was a large amount of jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora), which the owner reported that the sheep consumed daily. The owner was unaware of the toxicity of M. tenuiflora but reported that cases of malformations had already occurred on his property some time ago. In an interval of approximately 12 days, 3 sheep miscarriage fetuses with multiple malformations. Malformed fetuses were referred for anatomopathological examination at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campus Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. The fetuses were necropsied and tissue samples of the nervous system and organs from the thoracic and abdominal cavities were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, routinely processed for histopathology, included in paraffin, cut into 3 µm sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). At necropsies were observed permanent contracture of the thoracic limb joints (arthrogryposis), particularly at the radio-carpal joints; incomplete medial fusion of the palatal bone, with communication between the oral and nasal cavities (palatoschisis); hypoplasia of the mandibular bone (micrognathia); unilateral hypoplasia of the incisive bone with discontinuity of the upper lip (cheiloschisis); unilateral hypoplasia of the eyeball (microphthalmia); lateral curvature of the cervical spine (scoliosis); and chest deformity characterized by ventral protrusion of the sternum and ribs (Pectus carinatum). At the histopathological evaluation of the tissues, no alterations were observed. Discussion: The diagnosis was based on the epidemiological, clinical, and anatomopathological findings. The semi-intensive management system applied on the property predisposed the sheep to ingestion of M. tenuiflora, which grows abundantly on the property and throughout the Central Backlands of Ceará, Brazil, with a high rate of geographical coverage. Despite that, most rural producers, especially subsistence farmers, are unaware of the toxic and teratogenic properties of the plant. In the northeastern, where there are long periods of drought coupled with forage shortages, poisoning by M. tenuiflora is a common cause of malformation and mortality in lambs. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt preventive measures in herds, such as raising awareness among producers about the toxic potential of some native plants and the practice of producing and supplying silage to animals, so that native toxic plants are not the only food source during the scarcity period.