DGAT and LEP gene polymorphisms and their association with carcass characteristics and the lipid profile of meat from Nellore cattle / Polimorfismo dos genes DGAT e LEP e sua associação com características de carcaça e perfil lipídico da carne de bovinos nelore

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and leptin (LEP) genes with the performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and lipid profile of Nellore cattle. A total of 100 intact male Nelore cattle were used to analyze the performance, carcass, physicochemical and centesimal composition, and fatty acid profile of beef. To identify the polymorphisms, the PCR­single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique was applied to genomic DNA extracted from muscle tissue. The SSCP technique revealed the presence of four band patterns for the DGAT gene (AC, AD, AE and BB) with five alleles (A, B, C, D and E). For the LEP gene, five band patterns (AA, AB, AC, BB and BC) with three alleles (A, B and C) were observed. For the LEP gene, the AB genotype was associated with higher backfat thickness and ribs weight, while the BB genotype was associated with lower ribs yield; higher hindquarter yield was associated with AC and BB genotypes. Higher contents of C17:0, C18:0 and lower contents of C18:2ω6C, total polyunsaturated fatty acids, total ω6 and ratio of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SFA) were verified for the AC genotype of the LEP gene. The AC and AA genotypes of the LEP gene were associated with higher means of C15:0 and C18:1ω9t. For the DGAT gene, the highest C24:0 content was associated with the AE genotype and the lowest with the AD and BB genotypes. Polymorphisms in the DGAT and LEP genes influence carcass parameters and the lipid profile of the meat of Nellore cattle.

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a associação do polimorfismo dos genes da Diacilglicerol Aciltransferase (DGAT) e Leptina ­ (LEP) em relação ao desempenho, características de carcaça, qualidade de carne e perfil lipídico de bovinos Nelore. Para o estudo, foram utilizados um total de 100 bovinos nelores machos inteiros e avaliado os parâmetros de desempenho, composição da carcaça, composição físico-química, centesimal e perfil lipídico da carne. Para identificação dos polimorfismos foi utilizada a técnica de PCR-SSCP a partir da extração do DNA genômico do tecido muscular. A técnica de SSCP revelou a presença de quatro padrões de banda para o gene DGAT (AC, AD, AE e BB) com cinco alelos (A, B, C, D e E) e, para o gene LEP foram verificados cinco padrões de bandas (AA, AB, AC, BB e BC) com três alelos (A, B e C). Para o gene LEP, o genótipo AB foi associado a maior espessura de gordura subcutânea e peso do corte ponta de agulha, enquanto o genótipo BB foi associado a menor rendimento do corte ponta de agulha; maior rendimento do corte traseiro foi associado aos genótipos AC e BB. Maiores teores de C17:0, C18:0 e menores de C18: 2ω6C, total de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados, total de ω6 e a relação de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e saturados (POL/SAT) foram verificados para o genótipo AC do gene LEP. Os genótipos AC e AA do gene LEP foram associados a maiores médias de C15:0 e C18:1ω9t. Para o gene DGAT, os maiores teores de C24:0 foram associados o genótipo AE e o menores aos genótipos AD e BB. A ocorrência de polimorfismo nos genes DGAT e LEP revelaram influência destes sobre parâmetros de carcaça e perfil lipídico da carne de bovinos Nelore.

Association of visual scores with reproductive traits in Nelore cattle using Bayesian Inference / Associação de escores visuais com características reprodutivas em bovinos Nelore utilizando Inferência Bayesiana

The use of morphological traits assessed using visual scores as indirect selection criteria in cattle has the advantage of evaluating young animals regarding potential productive and reproductive performance. This enables breeders to make earlier decisions compared to later measurements, such as scrotal circumference at 450 days (SC450) and stayability (STAY). The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for visual score traits and their associations with reproductive traits: scrotal circumference at 365 days of age (SC365), SC450, STAY, probability of precocious calving (PPC30) and age at first calving (AFC) in Nellore cattle. Visual score data from 4,175 Nellore cattle, with an average age of 22 months, and reproductive data from 3,075 cattle belonging to the HoRa Genetics Provada herd were used. The morphological traits were evaluated by the MERCOS methodology. The heritability estimates obtained ranged from 0.15 to 0.28 for visual scores and 0.10 to 0.54 for reproductive traits. Genetic correlations between visual scores and reproductive traits were generally low, except between: muscularity and PPC30; structure and STAY; racial and SC450; conformation and SC365, SC450, STAY, and AFC; navel and STAY and AFC; and sacrum and SC365, STAY, and AFC, which were moderate to high. The identification of animals with flat sacral bone (not protruding or sloping) can also be an efficient characteristic in the identification for early pregnancy, and together with the musculature score, they can be related to animals with lower age at the first calving.(AU)

A utilização de características morfológicas de bovinos, pelo uso de escores visuais como critério de seleção indireta tem como vantagem a avaliação em animais jovens quanto ao potencial desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo, antecipando a tomada de decisão em comparação a medidas tomadas de forma tardia, como perímetro escrotal aos 450 dias (PE450) e stayability (STAY). Objetivou-se estimar os parâmetros genéticos para características de escores visuais e a associação dessas com características reprodutivas, perímetro escrotal aos 365 (PE365) dias de idade, PE450, STAY, probabilidade de parto precoce (3P) e idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) em bovinos Nelore. Foram utilizadas informações de escores visuais e de reprodução de 4.175 e 3.075 bovinos, respectivamente, com idade média de 22 meses, pertencentes a fazenda HoRa Genética Provada. As características morfológicas foram avaliadas pela metodologia MERCOS. As estimativas de herdabilidade obtidas apresentam grande amplitude, variando de 0,15 a 0,28 para escores visuais e 0,10 a 0,54 para características reprodutivas. As correlações genéticas entre característica de escores visuais e reprodução foram, de maneira geral baixas (0.03-0.66), com exceção entre a musculosidade e 3P, estrutura e STAY, racial e PE450, conformação com PE365, PE450, STAY e IPP, ônfalo com STAY e IPP, e sacro com PE365, STAY e IPP, que foram moderadas a altas. A identificação de animais com melhor osso sacro (mesmo nível das ancas), ou seja, não saliente ou inclinado pode ser uma característica eficiente na identificação para prenhez precoce, e juntamente ao escore de musculatura poderão ser relacionados a animais com menor idade ao primeiro parto.(AU)

Performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits in sheep finished on diets containing canola (Brassica napus L.) / Performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits in sheep finished on diets containing canola (Brassica napus L.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits in lambs finished on different levels of canola grain in the diet. Twenty-seven Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 19.33 ± 1.39 kg were given different levels of canola grain in the diet: 0, 8, and 16%. Weights and body condition scores were determined at the beginning, every 14 days and at the end of the experimental period. Animals were slaughtered to assess gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits. The statistical design used was completely randomized. The inclusion of canola grain showed a linear effect (0.723) for the width and height of ruminal papillae in the ventral region of the rumen. Intestinal villi and crypts showed a quadratic effect, with peaks of 0.62 µm and 0.43 µm, with the inclusion of 8 and 16%, respectively. When evaluating carcass traits, a decreasing linear effect was found for hot and cold carcass yield with 16% inclusion of canola. Canola grain can be used as an alternative in diets for finishing sheep up to 8% inclusion in the diet without affecting performance, ruminal and intestinal histometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits.

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits in lambs finished on different levels of canola grain in the diet. Twenty-seven Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 19.33 ± 1.39 kg were given different levels of canola grain in the diet: 0, 8, and 16%. Weights and body condition scores were determined at the beginning, every 14 days and at the end of the experimental period. Animals were slaughtered to assess gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits. The statistical design used was completely randomized. The inclusion of canola grain showed a linear effect (0.723) for the width and height of ruminal papillae in the ventral region of the rumen. Intestinal villi and crypts showed a quadratic effect, with peaks of 0.62 µm and 0.43 µm, with the inclusion of 8 and 16%, respectively. When evaluating carcass traits, a decreasing linear effect was found for hot and cold carcass yield with 16% inclusion of canola. Canola grain can be used as an alternative in diets for finishing sheep up to 8% inclusion in the diet without affecting performance, ruminal and intestinal histometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits.

Morphological and molecular evidences of Ascaridia galli in migratory quail Coturnix coturnix japonica from Baluchistan Pakistan / Evidências morfológicas e moleculares de Ascaridia galli em codornas migratórias Coturnix coturnix japonica, do Baluchistão, Paquistão

The current study was conducted to examine the point prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of migratory quails. Due to its economic importance, the control of ascaridiosis is critical. Migration of birds is considered to enhance the global spread and cross-species transmission of pathogens. The current study was aimed to detect A.galli in migratory quails, a potential contributory risk factor for transmission of this parasite to local birds. A total of 230 migratory quails were trapped using nets from migratory routes in Balochistan and examined under the compound microscope for the presence of A. galli. Conventionally, A. galli was identified by its morphology with the presence of three large lips and absence of posterior esophageal bulb. Results revealed that out of 230, 120 (52.17%) quails were positive for A. galli by targeting COX1 gene (533 bp) by using conventional PCR. Further, the amplicon was sequenced which showed 99% similarity with A. galli publically available in NCBI Gen Bank. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences of our isolated parasite indicated the close relationship with A.galli isolated from chickens. In conclusion migratory quails and other migratory birds may play a key role in spreading and transmission of these parasites and other pathogens to domestic chicken. Therefore, strict biosecurity measures should be adopted especially for commercial poultry farms.

O presente estudo foi conduzido para examinar a prevalência pontual de parasitas gastrointestinais de codornas migratórias. Devido à sua importância econômica, o controle da ascaridiose é fundamental. Considera-se que a migração de aves aumenta a disseminação global e a transmissão entre espécies de patógenos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar A. galli em codornas migratórias, um potencial fator de risco contributivo para a transmissão desse parasita para aves locais. Um total de 230 codornas migratórias foi capturado, usando redes de rotas migratórias no Baluchistão e examinadas sob o microscópio composto para a presença de A. galli. Convencionalmente, o A. galli foi identificado por sua morfologia com a presença de três grandes lábios e ausência de bulbo esofágico posterior. Os resultados revelaram que de 230, 120 (52,17%) codornas foram positivas para A. galli por direcionamento do gene COX1 (533 pb) usando PCR convencional. Além disso, o amplicon foi sequenciado, que mostrou 99% de similaridade com A. galli publicamente disponível no NCBI Gen Bank. A análise filogenética das sequências do nosso parasita isolado indicou a estreita relação com A. galli isolado de galinhas. Em conclusão, codornas migratórias e outras aves migratórias podem desempenhar papel fundamental na disseminação e transmissão desses parasitas e outros patógenos para as galinhas domésticas. Portanto, medidas rigorosas de biossegurança devem ser adotadas, especialmente para granjas comerciais.

Interaction between the body condition score, gait, hindlimb conformation, and claw conformation in dairy cows in Aydin, Turkey / Interação entre o escore corporal, marcha, conformação do membro posterior e conformação do casco em vacas leiteiras em uma fazenda localizada em Aydin, Turquia

Breeding strategies aim to reduce lameness in dairies by using predictor traits to increase the selection of dairy cows. This study enhanced the present knowledge about association between the claw conformations (CC), hindlimb conformation (HiLC), gait, and body condition score (BCS) in dairy cows. A total of 166 lactating Holstein cows were enrolled in the study and scored for BCS, CC, HiLC, and gait. The abnormal HiLC group was statistically significant (P<0.001) to have more abnormal CC. Hock in (Hin) cows showed significance (P<0.001) with CC abnormalities. Cows with abnormal gait have less abnormal claw and limb conformation than normal cows (P=0.032). Lactation number (P=0.036) and abnormal HiLC (P<0.001) were significantly increased risk for CC. The present results might be useful for claw and hindlimb conformations, and breeding strategies of the herd.

Estratégias de melhoramento visam reduzir a claudicação em gado leiteiro usando características preditoras para aumentar a seleção de vacas com alta produtividade. Os objetivos deste estudo foram aumentar o conhecimento atual sobre a associação entre as conformações do casco (CC), conformação dos membros posteriores (HiLC), marcha e escore de condição corporal (BCS) em vacas leiteiras. Um total de 166 vacas Holandesas em lactação foram incluídas no estudo e pontuadas para BCS, CC, HiLC e marcha. O grupo HiLC anormal foi considerado estatisticamente significativo (P <0,001) para ter mais CC anormal. Vacas Hock in (Hin) mostraram significância (P <0,001) com anormalidades CC. Vacas com marcha anormal têm menos conformação anormal de cascos e membros do que vacas normais (P = 0,032). Número de lactação (P = 0,036) e HiLC anormal (P <0,001) aumentaram significativamente o risco de CC. Os presentes resultados podem ser úteis para conformações de cascos e membros posteriores e estratégias de reprodução do rebanho.

Grape pomace silage on growth performance, carcass, and meat quality attributes of lambs

Grape pomace is a by-product that can be ensiled and added to animal feed for a sustainable animal production. This study evaluated the effects of grape pomace silage (GPS) on the intake, performance, and carcass and meat quality of feedlot lambs. Twenty-four male lambs (21.5 ± 3.0 kg initial body weight) were distributed into pairs to four diets levels 0, 10, 20, and 30 % of GPS. The addition of grape pomace silage influenced only ether extract (EE) intake linearly without hindering consumption. The diet did not affect performance and meat quality attributes and carcass parameters, with average daily gain (ADG) of 0.235 kg d-¹, feed conversion 4.299, carcass conformation 2.7, compactness index 0.25 kg cm-¹, fat thickness 1.51 mm, loin eye area 13.9 cm², pH 5.79, natural matter moisture 74.05 g 100 g-¹, and crude protein (CP) 19.94 g per 100 g-¹ of dry matter (DM). Grape pomace as could be used as silage in lamb diets with up to 30 % GPS, as the chemical composition of this by-product and the results indicate that GPS did not compromise performance, carcass traits, and meat quality.

Anatomy and surgical approach to the humerus, radius and ulna of common sloth (Bradypus variegatus) / Anatomia e acesso cirúrgico ao úmero, rádio e ulna de preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus)

The surgical clinic of wild animals has increased in routine veterinary, where fractures by traumas are of frequent occurrence. This study determined the surgical accesses for osteosynthesis of the diaphyses of the humerus, radius and ulna of common sloth (Bradypus variegatus). Seven cadavers of B. variegatus were used for determination of the muscles of the thoracic limb, as well as the most important vessels and nerves, and better bone area for fixation of internal implants. The structural conformation of the radius and ulna in Bradypus variegatus were like those described in the literature for domestic animals but the humerus presented differences in the distal extremity because it was flattened. The musculature of Bradypus variegatus showed similarities with domestic animals. Due the different conformation of the humerus the surgical access to this bone can be performed by lateral approach, from the incision of M. triceps brachii lateral head, for fixation of the implant on the lateral side of the bone. Surgical access to the radius shaft can be performed by craniolateral approach, by incising the muscular fascia and separation of the cranially M. common digital extensor, and lateral digital extensor caudally. In ulna, a caudal access to the bone can be performed followed by release of the insertion m. flexor carpoulnar for placement of the internal implant on the lateral bone face.

A clínica cirúrgica de animais silvestres tem se intensificado na rotina veterinária, onde fraturas por traumas são frequentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi a determinação de acessos cirúrgicos para osteossíntese das diáfises do úmero, rádio e ulna de preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus). Sete cadáveres de B. variegatus foram utilizados para determinação dos músculos do membro torácico, bem como dos vasos e nervos mais importantes, e melhor área óssea para fixação de implantes internos. A conformação estrutural do rádio e da ulna em B. variegatus eram similares às descritas na literatura para animais domésticos, o úmero apresentou diferenças na extremidade distal pois apresentou-se achatado. A musculatura de B. variegatus mostrou semelhanças com os animais domésticos. Devido à diferente conformação do úmero o acesso cirúrgico a este osso pode ser realizado por abordagem lateral, a partir da incisão do M. tríceps braquial cabeça lateral, para fixação do implante na face lateral do osso. O acesso cirúrgico à diáfise do rádio pode ser realizado por abordagem craniolateral, por incisão da fáscia muscular e separação cranialmente do M. extensor digital comum e extensor digital lateral caudalmente. Na ulna, pode-se realizar um acesso caudal ao osso seguido de liberação da inserção do M. flexor carpoulnar para colocação do implante interno na face lateral do osso.

Carcass traits of goats finished with different levels of concentrate supplementation and kept on caatinga enriched with Urochloa trichopus / Características de carcaça de caprinos terminados com diferentes níveis de suplementação concentrada e mantidos em caatinga enriquecida com Urochloa trichopus

The objective of this study was to evaluate the carcass traits of crossbred F1 goats (Boer x non-descript breed) finished on thinned caatinga pasture enriched with signal grass (Urochloa trichopus Stapf.), and receiving supplementation. Twenty-four crossbred F1 goats with 27.00 ± 3.32 kg body weight were used. The supplement was designed to meet the nutritional requirements and animals receiving the highest supplementation level could gain 150g per day. For data analysis, a completely randomized design was adopted, with four treatments (supplementation levels of 0.0%; 0.5%; 1.0% and 1.5% body weight) and six replications (animals). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression. Supplementation resulted in an increasing linear effect for slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, empty body weight, hot carcass yield and cold carcass yield; and a quadratic effect for biological yield. Weight loss by cooling was not influenced by supplementation. For the results of subjective evaluations, only conformation was influenced by supplementation (P<0.05). For morphometry, a positive linear effect of supplementation was found for thorax perimeter, croup perimeter, croup width, thorax width. The level of supplementation caused a positive linear effect on the weight of most non-edible carcass components, and there was no influence of supplementation on most variables for yield. It can be concluded that increasing levels of supplementation up to 1.5% body weight for F1 goats (Boer x non-descript breed) kept on caatinga pasture results in higher carcass weight and yield.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar as características de carcaça de caprinos mestiços F1 (Bôer x sem padrão de raça definida) terminados em pastagem de caatinga raleada e enriquecida com capim corrente (Urochloa trichopus Stapf.), submetidos a suplementação. Foram utilizados 24 caprinos mestiços com peso vivo 27,00 ± 3,32 kg. O suplemento foi elaborado de modo a atender as exigências nutricionais para que os animais do maior nível de suplementação obtivessem um ganho de 150 g diário. Para a análise dos dados foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (níveis de suplementação de 0,0%; 0,5%; 1,0% e 1,5% do peso vivo) e seis repetições (animais). Os dados foram submetidos a análises de variância e de regressão. Observou-se que a suplementação proporcionou efeito linear crescente para o peso ao abate, peso de carcaça quente, peso de carcaça fria, peso de corpo vazio, rendimento de carcaça quente e rendimento de carcaça fria; efeito quadrático para o rendimento biológico. A perda de peso por resfriamento não sofreu influência da suplementação. Para os resultados das avaliações subjetivas apenas a conformação sofreu influência da suplementação (P<0,05). Para a morfometria observou-se efeito linear positivo da suplementação para o perímetro do tórax, perímetro da garupa, largura da garupa, largura do tórax. O nível de suplementação proporcionou efeito linear e positivo sobre o peso da maioria dos não componentes comestíveis da carcaça, sendo que para o rendimento não foi observado influência da suplementação para a maioria das variáveis. Conclui-se que o uso crescente de suplementação até o nível de 1,5% do peso vivo para caprinos F1 (Boer x sem padrão de raça definida) mantidos em pastagem de caatinga resulta em maiores pesos e rendimentos de carcaças.(AU)

Performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits in sheep finished on diets containing canola (Brassica napusL. )

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass,and non-carcass traits in lambs finished on different levels of canola grain in thediet. Twenty-seven Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 19.33 ± 1.39 kg were given different levels of canola grain in the diet: 0, 8,and 16%. Weights and body condition scores were determined at the beginning, every 14 days and at the end of the experimental period. Animals were slaughtered to assess gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits. The statistical design used was completely randomized. The inclusion of canola grain showed a linear effect (0.723) for the width and height of ruminal papillae in the ventral region of the rumen. Intestinal villi and crypts showed a quadratic effect, with peaks of 0.62&956;m and 0.43&956;m, with the inclusion of 8 and 16%, respectively. When evaluating carcass traits, a decreasing linear effect was found for hot and cold carcass yield with 16% inclusion of canola. Canola grain can be used as an alternative in diets for finishing sheep up to 8% inclusion in the diet without affecting performance, ruminal and intestinal histometry, carcass,and non-carcass traits.(AU)

Morphological characterization of remaining specimens of the Curraleiro horse in Central Brazil / Caracterização morfológica de espécimes remanescentes do cavalo Curraleiro no Brasil Central

This study aimed to carry out the morphological characterization of the remaining specimens of the Curraleiro horse in municipalities of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Forty male horses were evaluated using the age of five years as a criterion. Sixteen linear measurements and 13 zootechnical indices were obtained. Subsequently, the mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and covariances of these measures and indices were obtained using the software IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. The measures withers height (WH), croup height (CH), midback height (MH), sternum-to-ground height (SH), chest index (CI), and estimated weight (W) allowed characterizing Curraleiro horses as small-sized, light, and fast, with proportional measures. The dactyl-thoracic index (DTI), body index (BI), conformation index (CFI), load index 1 and 2 (LOI1 and LOI2), and compactness index 1 and 2 (COI1 and COI2) showed that the Curraleiro horse has an intermediate capacity for speed and strength, bearing considerable weight on the back, with saddling aptitude and fast work. These results represent the beginning of the formation of a database that may contribute to future studies and the conservation of the Curraleiro horse in the state of Goiás.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi a realização da caracterização morfológica de espécimes remanescentes do cavalo Curraleiro em municípios do estado de Goiás, Brasil. Foram avaliados 40 cavalos machos, tendo como critério a idade a partir de cinco anos, dos quais se obteve 16 medidas lineares e 13 índices zootécnicos. Posteriormente, a média, o desvio padrão, o mínimo, o máximo e as covariâncias dessas medidas e índices foram obtidos por meio da utilização do software IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. As medidas altura da cernelha (AC), altura da garupa (AG), altura do costado (ACost), vazio subesternal (VAZ), índice peitoral (IP) e peso estimado (P) permitiram caracterizar os cavalos Curraleiros como um grupo de pequeno porte, leve, veloz e com medidas proporcionais. Os índices dáctilo-torácico (IDT), corporal (IC), de conformação (ICF), de carga 1 e 2 (ICG1 e ICG2) e de compacidade 1 e 2 (ICO1 e ICO2) demonstraram que o cavalo Curraleiro tem capacidade intermediária para velocidade e força, suportam considerável peso sobre o dorso, e possuem aptidão para sela e tração ligeira. Tais resultados representam o início da formação de uma base de dados que pode contribuir para estudos futuros e a conservação do cavalo Curraleiro no estado de Goiás.(AU)

Performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits in sheep finished on diets containing canola (Brassica napus L)

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits in lambs finished on different levels of canola grain in the diet. Twenty-seven Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 19.33 ± 1.39 kg were given different levels of canola grain in the diet: 0, 8, and 16%. Weights and body condition scores were determined at the beginning, every 14 days and at the end of the experimental period. Animals were slaughtered to assess gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits. The statistical design used was completely randomized. The inclusion of canola grain showed a linear effect (0.723) for the width and height of ruminal papillae in the ventral region of the rumen. Intestinal villi and crypts showed a quadratic effect, with peaks of 0.62 µm and 0.43 µm, with the inclusion of 8 and 16%, respectively. When evaluating carcass traits, a decreasing linear effect was found for hot and cold carcass yield with 16% inclusion of canola. Canola grain can be used as an alternative in diets for finishing sheep up to 8% inclusion in the diet without affecting performance, ruminal and intestinal histometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits.(AU)

Partial pericardial agenesis in a dog

Pericardial defects are considered rare in animals and humans. Pericardial agenesis is characterized by partial or total pericardial sac malformation. Here is reported a case of apical partial pericardial agenesis in an adult mixed-breed male dog referred for necropsy. The pericardial sac was absent from the apical region up to the middle area of the ventricles resulting in a bilateral ventricular compression by the remaining pericardium changed the organ conformation. Microscopically, there was evidence of neutrophilic and hemorrhagic myocarditis with cardiomyocyte atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Agenesis is often a subclinical disorder, and it is an incidental postmortem finding in most cases; however, it can cause complications in cases of cardiac structure herniation.(AU)

Native legumes and spineless cactus in supplementation of goats grazing in Caatinga rangeland: intake, performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality

The study evaluated the performance, carcass characteristics, tissue composition, and meat quality of goats raised on pasture in the Caatinga rangeland supplemented with Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) and Sabiá (Mimosa caesapiniifolia) hays associated or not with spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera), and without supplementation. Thirty male castrated goats, no defined breed, with an average body weight of 15.5 kg ± 0.64 were used, distributed in a randomized block design, according to the initial weight of the animals. The experimental period lasted 105 days. The highest intake of DM, OM and CP occurred in the animals supplemented with Leucena hay associated or not with spineless cactus. The intake of NDF was higher (p <0.05) for animals fed only with Leucena and Sabiá hays. The highest intake of TDN was observed for diets, only grazing, and hays associated with spineless cactus. The daily weight gain for goats fed with Leucena hay and spineless cactus was 68.5% higher (p <0.05) than on grazing alone. Consequently, they obtained the highest (p <0.05) weights and yields of carcasses, shoulder, loin, and leg cuts, conformation and finishing scores, leg muscle index, and % fat in the leg of goats. The meat quality did not differ. The supplementation with Leucena hay associated with spineless cactus improves performance, weights, and yields of the carcass, commercial cuts, leg muscle of goats grazing in the Caatinga rangeland.(AU)

Broad uterine ligament plication by toggle use during laparoscopic surgery / [Plicatura do ligamento largo do útero com utilização de toggle por videocirurgia]

The aim of the present study is to describe the surgical technique and complications of uterine elevation by laparoscopic surgery, using the broad uterine ligament plication with toogles. Five mares of different breeds, weight and age were selected, presenting poor perineal conformation and pendulous uterus. The surgical technique was performed with a toogle applicator, 0.6mm sterile nylon thread and toogles, using three portals on each side of the flank. After one month, a new laparoscopy was performed, with only one portal on each side, to observe uterine positioning and healing. The average surgical time reached in this study was 82 minutes per procedure, and the uterus of all mares was successfully raised, remaining in a more horizontal orientation and presenting satisfactory healing. There are only two articles published with uteropexy in mares, where the proposed techniques take longer, which consequently increases the surgical risk.

O objetivo do presente estudo é descrever a técnica cirúrgica e as complicações da elevação uterina por cirurgia laparoscópica, utilizando-se a plicatura do ligamento uterino com aplicação de toogles. Foram selecionadas cinco éguas de diferentes raças, peso e idade, as quais apresentavam baixa conformação perineal e útero pendular. A técnica cirúrgica foi realizada com aplicador de toogles, fio de nylon estéril de 0,6mm e toogles, sendo utilizados três portais de cada lado do flanco. Após um mês, uma nova laparoscopia foi realizada, com apenas um portal de cada lado, para observar o posicionamento uterino e a cicatrização. O tempo cirúrgico médio alcançado neste estudo foi de 82 minutos por procedimento, e o útero de todas as éguas foi elevado com sucesso, permanecendo em uma orientação mais horizontal e apresentando cicatrização satisfatória. Existem apenas dois artigos publicados com a utilização da uteropexia em éguas, porém nestes as técnicas propostas demoram mais, o que, consequentemente, aumenta o risco cirúrgico.

Performance and carcass and meat quality of crossbred sheep confined with and without access to artificial shade / Desempenho e qualidade de carcaça e carne de ovinos mestiços confinados com e sem acesso ao sombreamento artificial

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and carcass and meat quality of sheep in an intensive production system with and without artificial shade available. Twenty Santa Inês × Dorper crossbred lambs were allotted to two collective stalls, one of which was covered with a black polypropylene shade net with 80% light interception, providing 2.5 m2 shade animal-1. Performance was evaluated by measuring initial weight, final weight, carcass yield, average daily weight gain, and total weight gain. Carcass and meat traits were evaluated based on the variables of fatness, conformation, loin-eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness, marbling, texture, pH, temperature, and color. Performance and carcass and meat traits were similar between the animals reared in stalls with and without shade available. The groups with and without access to shade showed initial weights of 26.52 and 25.37 kg, final weights of 35.59 and 34.76 kg, carcass yields of 45.73 and 45.50%, loin-eye areas of 14 .11 and 13.61 cm2, and marbling scores of 4.78 and 4.44, respectively. Subcutaneous fat thickness (2.02 cm), texture (3.67), and fatness (2) values were equal for both groups. Based on the results, artificial shading did not affect the performance or carcass and meat quality of the sheep.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, qualidade de carcaça e carne de ovinos em sistema intensivo de produção, com e sem disponibilidade de sombra artificial. Foram utilizados 20 cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês x Dorper, distribuídos em duas baias coletivas, onde em uma das baias foi implantado o sombrite de malha de polipropileno, na coloração preta, com 80% de interceptação luminosa, respeitando 2,5m2 de sombra. animal-1. No desempenho foi avaliado o peso inicial, peso final, rendimento de carcaça, ganho de peso médio diário e ganho de peso total. Para as características de carcaça e carne, foram observados o acabamento, conformação, área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea, marmoreio, textura, pH, temperatura e coloração. Foram observados valores semelhantes de desempenho e características de carcaça e carne entre os animais criados em baias com e sem acesso ao sombreamento. O peso inicial foi de 26,52 kg e 25,37 kg, peso final de 35,59 kg e 34,76 kg, com rendimento de carcaça de 45,73% e 45,50%, área de olho de lombo de 14,11 cm2 e 13,61 cm2, marmoreio de 4,78 e 4,44 para os animais com e sem sombreamento, respectivamente. Os valores de espessura de gordura subcutânea (2,02 cm), textura (3,67) e acabamento (2) foram iguais para ambos os grupos de animais. Pelos resultados obtidos, considera-se que o sombreamento artificial não interferiu no desempenho e qualidade de carcaça e carne ovina.(AU)

Fibroma cutâneo atípico em uma vaca / Atypical cutaneous fibroma in a cow

Background: Cutaneous fibroma is a benign neoplasm affecting the fibroblasts and collagen matrix that develops in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. This neoplasm is uncommon in cattle, and few reports have described the treatment and resolution of this neoplasm. Despite its benign character, a veterinarian should consider cutaneous fibroma in the differential diagnosis of skin tumors. This report aims to describe a rare case of large fibroma in the scapular region in a cow, with emphasis on the clinical-surgical and anatomopathological aspects of the condition. Case: A 3-year-old Girolando 3/4 cow was attended to at a rural property in Lagamar-MG, Brazil. According to the owner, the animal presented with a small mass in the right scapular region that grew progressively over 1 year and 6 months. Clinical examination revealed an exuberant and painless increase in volume on palpation in the proximal region of the right thoracic limb, which, in its vertical axis, extended from the proximal end of the scapula to near the olecranon tuberosity, and, in its horizontal axis, extended from the 6th intercostal space to the scapulohumeral joint, reaching the dimensions 66 cm and 62 cm, respectively. It presented with multiple nodules that were firm in consistency with extensive areas of ulceration. Neoplasia was suspected, and surgical excision was decided upon. The cow was sedated and restrained in the left lateral decubitus position. Trichotomy and antisepsis of the operative field were performed followed by an infiltrative anesthetic block around the tumor. The tumor was excised maintaining a safety margin of 1 cm. Dermorrhaphy was not possible, and healing by secondary intention was awaited. In the postoperative period, antibiotic therapy with benzathine penicillin, analgesia with meloxicamand dipyrone and daily dressing of the wound were performed. There were no postoperative complications and complete healing occurred approximately 100 days after surgery. One year after the surgical procedure, the owner reported that the cow did not present with recurrence of the neoplasm. The resected tumor weighed 11.2 kg, and, when cut, presented with solid conformation and whitish coloration. Tumor fragments were harvested, fixed in 10% formalin, and sent for histopathological examination, which revealed neoproliferation of remarkable cellular density composed of dense, well vascularized fibrocollagenous connective tissue arranged in multidirectional bundles and undulating pattern. Mild cellular pleomorphism was identified, and no mitosis figures were observed. Alcian blue staining was negative for mucopolysaccharides, differing from Masson's trichrome staining, which widely stained the fibrocollagenous tissue blue. In view of these findings, the diagnosis of cutaneous fibroma was confirmed. Discussion: Cutaneous fibromas are benign neoplasms of fibrous tissue, and they are uncommon in cattle and may be associated with bovine papillomavirus and/or trauma. Although the origin of cutaneous fibroma is not clear, the present report stands out due to the large size of the tumor mass. The complete healing of the surgical wound, the absence of recurrence one year after surgery and the return of the animal to dairy production demonstrate that the surgical treatment was adequate. The macro- and microscopic characteristics of the cutaneous fibroma in this case corroborate with other cases reported in the literature. Large cutaneous fibroma is uncommon in bovines, and may hinder surgical excision and prolong healing time, as well as the complete recovery of the animal. Moreover, the differential diagnosis with other neoplasms of fibroblastic origin is relevant, especially for those with malignant biological behavior, such as fibrosarcoma and myxosarcoma.

Congenital cutaneous hemangioma in a newborn lamb

Background: Hemangioma is a benign dermal or subcutaneous endothelial cell tumor composed of vascular spaces of varying sizes filled with erythrocytes and lined with a single layer of uniform endothelial cells. Although the pathogenesis is not well defined, these tumors are considered to result from an imbalance in angiogenesis, leading to uncontrolled proliferation of vascular elements. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of congenital cutaneous hemangioma in sheep. This report describes the clinical, laboratory, and pathological findings of a case of congenital hemangioma affecting a newborn lamb. Case: A 5-day-old crossbred (Dorper x Santa Inês) lamb presenting with an ear nodule that expanded in the right ear was necropsied. An expansive subcutaneous nodule was observed macroscopically; it occupied approximately 90% of the right ear and had a crusty, irregular surface. The cut surface had multiple cavitations delimited by firm fibrous tissue and a light yellow-to-translucent content. Microscopically, it showed focally extensive subcutaneous neoplastic proliferation and moderate cellularity; it was formed of vascular beds of varied sizes and supported by moderate fibrocollagenous stroma. Suppurative inflammation was observed in the neoplastic vascular beds with large amounts of free basophilic coccoid bacteria inside macrophages. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Strong cytoplasmic labeling was observed in neoplastic endothelial cells for CD31 and factor VIII. The Ki67 proliferation marker was positive in approximately 5% of neoplastic cells. The cells did not express smooth muscle actin (1A4) or pan-cytokeratin (AE1AE3). Histological characteristics and immunohistochemistry findings were consistent with those of congenital cutaneous hemangioma, a rare neoplasm in sheep. Discussion: The association of clinical, anatomopathological, and immunohistochemical data enabled the diagnosis of congenital cutaneous hemangioma in the 5-day-old lamb. Reports of vascular tumors in sheep are not frequent in literature and usually involve adult animals with no anatomical site predilection. In sheep, the occurrence of nasotracheal hemangioma in a 2-year-old ewe and gingival hemangioma in a 5-year-old sheep have already been described. A cutaneous extra-neural hemangioblastoma was diagnosed in the ear of a 1-month-old lamb. IHC was also used to confirm the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma. Macroscopically, hemangiomas can present as well-delimited and encapsulated masses that when cut, show a reticulated pattern similar to honeycombs that separate the blood-filled cavities. The present case showed a similar conformation but without enough erythrocytes to result in a bloody appearance. Tumor drainage and the predominance of blood serum in the content possibly made it macroscopically translucent. Microscopically, the hemangioma was classified as cavernous. This morphological variation forms large channels separated by fibrous connective tissue stroma, which may contain inflammatory cells. IHC confirmed the endothelial lining of the cystic cavities and was crucial in excluding differential diagnoses. Thus, factor VIII-related antigen was used as a marker for normal and neoplastic cells, as well as for tumoral and reactive neovascularization, in which neoplastic cells were immuno-expressed for CD31 and Factor VIII. In domestic animals, the association between CD31 and Factor VIII is considered more specific for vascular endothelial cells, differentiating them from cells of lymphatic origin. Congenital cutaneous hemangioma occurs in sheep, and its diagnosis and differentiation can be based on histopathology associated with conventional immunohistochemical panels for vascular neoformation.

Utilização da ozonioterapia como tratamento da endometrite em égua / Use of ozone therapy as endometritis treatment in mare

Conformações perineais inadequadas estão frequentemente associadas à pneumovagina, predispondo animais a processos inflamatórios vaginais e uterinos. Dentre as patologias reprodutivas que acometem éguas, a endometrite é a que ocorre com maior frequência, com forte impacto negativo sobre os índices reprodutivos de um criatório. Para essa afecção, a ozonioterapia se apresenta como tratamento em potencial. Assim, este estudo objetiva relatar um caso de endometrite em égua Quarto de Milha, multípara, de 17 anos de idade, atendida no Hospital Veterinário Sylvio Barbosa Cardoso, da Universidade Estadual de Ceará. Durante a avaliação ginecológica, observou-se alterações na conformação vulvar e teste de Windsucker positivo, indicando pneumovagina. Foram coletadas amostras endometriais para exames laboratoriais, os quais apresentaram citologia com contagem de neutrófilos polimorfonucleares ≥30% e cultura negativa para fungos e bactérias. O exame histopatológico revelou fibrose intersticial endometrial crônica acentuada. Diante do diagnóstico de endometrite, iniciou-se o tratamento com lavagem uterina usando solução ringer lactato ozonizada, seguido por insuflação uterina com ozônio. O animal foi submetido à técnica cirúrgica de Caslick para correção da má conformação vulvar. Após o tratamento, a égua foi inseminada, resultando na coleta de dois embriões viáveis. Diante do exposto, o caso reforça a efetividade da ozonioterapia associada à Caslick para o tratamento de endometrite em éguas.

Dysfunctional perineal conformations are often associated with pneumovagina, predisposing animals to vaginal and uterine inflammatory processes. Among the reproductive pathologies that affect mares, endometritis is the most frequent, with a strong negative impact on the reproductive indices of a farm. For this condition, ozone therapy presents itself as a potential treatment. The study aimed to report a case of endometritis in a 17-year-old multiparous quarter-mile mare, which was attended at the Veterinary Hospital Sylvio Barbosa Cardoso located in the State University of Ceará. During the gynecological evaluation, changes in vulvar conformation and a positive Windsucker test were observed, indicating pneumovagina. Endometrial samples were collected for laboratory exams, resulting in cytology with polymorphonuclear neutrophil count ≥30% and negative culture for fungi and bacteria. The histopathological examination revealed severe chronic endometrial interstitial fibrosis. Regarding the diagnosis of endometritis, the treatment with uterine lavage using ozonated ringer lactate solution was initiated followed by uterine insufflation with ozone. The animal was submitted to Caslick's surgical technique to correct the vulvar malformation. After treatment, the mare was inseminated, resulting in the collection of two viable embryos. In view of the above, the case reinforces the effectiveness of ozone therapy associated with Caslick`s technique for endometritis treatment in mares.

Tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) nasal em cães / Nasal transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) in dogs

Background: Transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) are naturally occurring neoplasms that can be transmitted throughcopulation or cell transplantation. It is a disease that affects canines, has no preference for sex or breed, and generallynoticed in the external genital apparatus. Extragenital occurrence may eventually be seen; however, nasal involvementhas been described in only a few reports of studies conducted in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study is to report3 cases of nasal TVT in dogs who were treated in 2 municipalities in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: This case report includes 3 male mixed-breed canines of age 3-13. Only 1 of the animals was castrated. As per themedical history, some points, such as an enlarged nasal region, sneezing, nasal discharge, and hoarseness, reported by thedogs’ respective owners were similar among all the dogs. Likewise, nosebleed was observed on physical examination inall the cases. The result of cytological examination was inconclusive only in 1 case. Rhinoscopy, incisional biopsy, andhistopathological examination were then performed for achieving a definitive diagnosis. In the 2 cases wherein cytologygave conclusive results, the cytological smears showed changes suggestive of TVT, such as cells with eccentric nuclei andlittle cytoplasm, which had vacuoles inside them. In 2 cases, radiographic examinations of the skull were also performed.The images showed changes in bone radiopacity, conformation of trabeculae with areas of bone lysis and cell proliferation,and irregularity in the contour of the nasal bone. After TVT diagnosis was confirmed, chemotherapy was initiated usingvincristine at a dose of 0.75 mg/m2 for 2 cases and 0.025 mg/kg for the remaining case...

Tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) nasal em cães / Nasal transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) in dogs

Background: Transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) are naturally occurring neoplasms that can be transmitted throughcopulation or cell transplantation. It is a disease that affects canines, has no preference for sex or breed, and generallynoticed in the external genital apparatus. Extragenital occurrence may eventually be seen; however, nasal involvementhas been described in only a few reports of studies conducted in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study is to report3 cases of nasal TVT in dogs who were treated in 2 municipalities in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: This case report includes 3 male mixed-breed canines of age 3-13. Only 1 of the animals was castrated. As per themedical history, some points, such as an enlarged nasal region, sneezing, nasal discharge, and hoarseness, reported by thedogs respective owners were similar among all the dogs. Likewise, nosebleed was observed on physical examination inall the cases. The result of cytological examination was inconclusive only in 1 case. Rhinoscopy, incisional biopsy, andhistopathological examination were then performed for achieving a definitive diagnosis. In the 2 cases wherein cytologygave conclusive results, the cytological smears showed changes suggestive of TVT, such as cells with eccentric nuclei andlittle cytoplasm, which had vacuoles inside them. In 2 cases, radiographic examinations of the skull were also performed.The images showed changes in bone radiopacity, conformation of trabeculae with areas of bone lysis and cell proliferation,and irregularity in the contour of the nasal bone. After TVT diagnosis was confirmed, chemotherapy was initiated usingvincristine at a dose of 0.75 mg/m2 for 2 cases and 0.025 mg/kg for the remaining case...(AU)