Dimethyl acetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide associated at glucose and egg yolk for cryopreservation of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans semen

This study aimed to develop a protocol for the cryopreservation of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans semen. For this, mature males were hormonally induced with a single dose of carp pituitary extract (5 mg/kg body weight). Semen was collected and evaluated. Two cryoprotectants were tested to compose the diluents: dimethyl acetamide (DMA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO), in two concentrations (8% and 10%), + 5.0% glucose + 10% egg yolk. The semen was diluted in a 1: 4 ratio (semen: extender), packed in 0.5 mL straws and frozen in a dry shipper container in liquid nitrogen vapors. After thawing, sperm kinetics, sperm morphology and DNA integrity of cryopreserved sperm were evaluated. Pseudoplatystoma corruscans males produced semen with sperm motility > 80%. After thawing, all treatments provided semen with total sperm motility > 40%, with no significant difference (P < 0.05) between them, as well as between the other sperm kinetic parameters evaluated. The treatments with DMA provided a smaller fragmentation of the DNA of the gametes. Sperm malformations were identified in both fresh and cryopreserved semen, with a slight increase in these malformations being identified in sperm from thawed P. corruscans semen samples.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um protocolo para a criopreservação do sêmen de Pseudoplatystoma corruscans. Para tal, machos maduros foram induzidos hormonalmente com uma dose única de extrato de hipófise de carpa (5 mg/kg de peso vivo). O sêmen foi coletado e avaliado. Sendo testados para compor os diluentes, dois crioprotetores: dimetil acetamida (DMA) e dimetil sulfóxido (Me2SO), em duas concentrações (8% e 10%), + 5,0% glicose + 10% gema de ovo. O sêmen foi diluído na proporção 1: 4 (sêmen: extensor), embalado em palhetas de 0,5 mL e congelado em container dryshipper em vapores de nitrogênio líquido. Após o descongelamento, foram avaliados os aspectos cinéticos espermáticos, a morfologia espermática e a integridade do DNA dos espermatozoides criopreservados. Os machos de P. corruscans produziram sêmen com motilidade espermática > 80%. Todos os tratamentos proporcionaram após o descongelamento sêmen com motilidade espermática total > 40%, sem diferença significativa (P < 0,05) entre eles, como também entre os demais parâmetros cinéticos espermáticos avaliados. Os tratamentos com DMA proporcionaram uma menor fragmentação do DNA dos gametas. Malformações espermáticas foram identificadas, tanto no sêmen fresco, como no criopreservado, sendo identificado um aumento discreto dessas malformações nos espermatozoides das amostras de sêmen descongeladas de P. corruscans.(AU)

Cryopreservation of jaguar (Panthera onca) sperm cells using different cryoprotectants and different thawing temperatures

The cryopreservation of jaguar semen must be improved to produce high-quality biobanking doses. Until now, the rare studies of semen freezing in the species have only evaluated glycerol, always with a significant reduction in sperm quality in thawed semen. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of three cryoprotectants, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol (GLY), and methanol (MET), in the cryopreservation of jaguar semen in an LDL-based extender, as well as the effect of thawing temperature on dosage quality. Five mature males with a history of reproduction were used. On the males, an infrared thermal image (IRT) was captured, the spicules and testes were analyzed, and the CASA system was used to evaluate the quality of fresh and thawed sperm. The superficial IRT was 4.6 ± 1.2 °C cooler than the anal sphincter, and the semen measured between 27.3 and 28.7 °C shortly after exiting the urethra. The total motility of fresh sperm was 55.3 ± 22.6%, and progressive motility was 36.3 ± 18%. The total motility of thawed sperm was 5.28 ± 2.51%, 4.49 ± %2.49, and 0.51 ± 0.62% for DMSO, GLY, and MET, respectively. DMSO and GLY performed better than MET, and there was no difference in thawing temperature (37°C 30 s vs. 50°C 12 s). All animals exhibit a considerable level of morphological changes in sperm. Low amounts of total and progressive motility were found in the thawed sperm. Males with a high level of sperm morphological changes were found to be fertile, but the lone male with normospermia was infertile. Thus, we contest the applicability of the commonly used morphological classification for bovines to felid species.(AU)

Effect of cryoprotectant on the motility, viability, fertilization, and DNA integrity of naleh fish Barbonymus sp. (Cyprinidae) sperm / Efeito do crioprotetor na motilidade, viabilidade, fertilização e integridade do DNA no sêmen de peixes naleh Barbonymus sp. (Cyprinidae)

Naleh fish Barbonymus sp. is a commercial freshwater fish, which is indigenous to Aceh, Indonesia. The population of this species has declined over the years as a result of habitat perturbations and overfishing. Hence, the crucial need to develop a cryopreservation method to support breeding programs. This involved the use of a cryoprotectant as an important component. The objective of this study, therefore, was to explore the best cryoprotectant for naleh fish spermatozoa, and a total of five types were tested. These include the DMSO, Methanol, Ethanol, Glycerol, and Ethylene Glycol at a similar concentration of 10%, which were individually combined with 15% egg yolk, and every treatment was performed in three replications. Conversely, Ringer's solution was adopted as an extender, and the sperm was cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 15 days. The results showed significant influence on sperm motility and viability, as well as egg fertility of naleh fish (P <0.05), although the DMSO provided the best outcome, compared to others at 47.17%, 50.13%, and 45.67%, respectively. Furthermore, DNA fragmentation had not occurred in the fresh and cryopreserved sperm samples, indicating the protective effect of tested cryoprotectants. It is concluded that the 10% DMSO and 15% egg yolk is the best cryoprotectant for naleh fish spermatozoa.(AU)

O peixe naleh Barbonymus sp. é um peixe comercial de água doce, originário de Aceh, Indonésia. Durante vários anos, as perturbações provocadas no seu habitat e a pesca predatória determinaram o declínio da sua população, cuja preservação deve apoiar-se em um programa de reprodução controlada, com o emprego de espermatozoides criopreservados. O presente trabalho realizou um estudo comparativo de cinco crioprotetores: dimetilsultóxido, metanol, etanol, glicerol e etileno glicol. Todos os crioprotetores foram testados na concentração de 10%, combinados a 15% de gema de ovo. Cada tratamento foi efetuado em triplicatas. A solução de ringer foi utilizada como extensor e o esperma foi criopreservado em nitrogênio líquido por 15 dias. Os resultados obtidos revelaram a existência de influência significante (P<0,05) na viabilidade e motilidade espermática bem como na fertilidade dos ovos do peixe naleh, em que o dimetilsulfóxido apresentou o melhor resultado com os valores de 47,17%, 50,13% e 45,67%, respectivamente. Por outro lado, a fragmentação do DNA não ocorreu nas amostras de esperma fresco e criopreservado, indicando o efeito protetor dos crioprotetores testados. A conclusão obtida foi que o dimetilsulfóxido e 15% de gema de ovo foram o melhor crioprotetor para os espermatozoides do peixe naleh.(AU)

Effect of cryoprotectant on the motility, viability, fertilization, and DNA integrity of naleh fish Barbonymus sp. (Cyprinidae) sperm / Efeito do crioprotetor na motilidade, viabilidade, fertilização e integridade do DNA no sêmen de peixes naleh Barbonymus sp. (Cyprinidae)

Naleh fish Barbonymus sp. is a commercial freshwater fish, which is indigenous to Aceh, Indonesia. The population of this species has declined over the years as a result of habitat perturbations and overfishing. Hence, the crucial need to develop a cryopreservation method to support breeding programs. This involved the use of a cryoprotectant as an important component. The objective of this study, therefore, was to explore the best cryoprotectant for naleh fish spermatozoa, and a total of five types were tested. These include the DMSO, Methanol, Ethanol, Glycerol, and Ethylene Glycol at a similar concentration of 10%, which were individually combined with 15% egg yolk, and every treatment was performed in three replications. Conversely, Ringer's solution was adopted as an extender, and the sperm was cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 15 days. The results showed significant influence on sperm motility and viability, as well as egg fertility of naleh fish (P <0.05), although the DMSO provided the best outcome, compared to others at 47.17%, 50.13%, and 45.67%, respectively. Furthermore, DNA fragmentation had not occurred in the fresh and cryopreserved sperm samples, indicating the protective effect of tested cryoprotectants. It is concluded that the 10% DMSO and 15% egg yolk is the best cryoprotectant for naleh fish spermatozoa.(AU)

O peixe naleh Barbonymus sp. é um peixe comercial de água doce, originário de Aceh, Indonésia. Durante vários anos, as perturbações provocadas no seu habitat e a pesca predatória determinaram o declínio da sua população, cuja preservação deve apoiar-se em um programa de reprodução controlada, com o emprego de espermatozoides criopreservados. O presente trabalho realizou um estudo comparativo de cinco crioprotetores: dimetilsultóxido, metanol, etanol, glicerol e etileno glicol. Todos os crioprotetores foram testados na concentração de 10%, combinados a 15% de gema de ovo. Cada tratamento foi efetuado em triplicatas. A solução de ringer foi utilizada como extensor e o esperma foi criopreservado em nitrogênio líquido por 15 dias. Os resultados obtidos revelaram a existência de influência significante (P<0,05) na viabilidade e motilidade espermática bem como na fertilidade dos ovos do peixe naleh, em que o dimetilsulfóxido apresentou o melhor resultado com os valores de 47,17%, 50,13% e 45,67%, respectivamente. Por outro lado, a fragmentação do DNA não ocorreu nas amostras de esperma fresco e criopreservado, indicando o efeito protetor dos crioprotetores testados. A conclusão obtida foi que o dimetilsulfóxido e 15% de gema de ovo foram o melhor crioprotetor para os espermatozoides do peixe naleh.(AU)

Avaliação morfológica do concentrado autólogo de plaquetas em cães sob refrigeração e criopreservação em DMSO 6% / [Morphological evaluation of the autologous platelet concentrate in dogs under refrigeration and criopreservation in 6% DMSO]

The morphological characteristics of the autologous platelet concentrate (APC) of 31 dogs were evaluated after cooling and freezing in 6% DMSO. Blood from the jugular vein of each patient was collected and centrifuged at 191g for six minutes to obtain APC. In the fresh sample, the platelet count, MPV, PDW and cell morphology were evaluated. Four samples of each animal were sent for storage, one refrigerated at 4°C for seven days, another for 30 days and two more stored in a freezer at -80°C in the same time interval, using 6% DMSO as cryoprotectant. The conserved samples were submitted to the same laboratory analysis as the fresh sample. There was a difference between fresh and preserved samples for platelet count, cell concentration, MPV and PDW (P<0.05), except in the 30-day refrigerated group, which showed severe morphological changes. In the frozen group for seven days, no difference was observed in the percentage of activation (P>0.05). The results obtained lead to the conclusion that cryopreservation with 6% DMSO at -80°C for seven days is a favorable option for the maintenance of platelet concentrations and the morphological characteristics of APC in dogs.(AU)

Seminal characteristics and sensitivity of Astyanax lacustris (Characiformes: Characidae) sperm to cryoprotective solutions based on dimethylsufoxide and methylglicol

This study aimed to determine the semen characteristics of Astyanax lacustris after hormonal induction and to evaluate the sensitivity of the species sperm to cryoprotective solutions based on the cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide and methyl glycol. Volume, color, sperm concentration, total motility and aspects of sperm movement were analyzed using "Integrated Semen Analysis System". Three different extenders were tested: A) glucose 5%+egg yolk 10%, B) BTS®5% and C) glucose 5% and two permeable cryoprotectants: dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) and methyl glycol (MTG). Fresh A. lacustris semen presented total motility of 76.6±11.2%, motility duration of 33.0±2.2s, sperm concentration of 7.22±3.2×109sptz/mL and seminal osmolality of 219±0.03mOsm/kg-1. The toxicity test showed the highest total motility values at the MTG15%+A, Me2SO15%+B and Me2SO10%+C dilutions, and the Me2SO10%+C and Me2SO15%+C dilutions presented the highest values for curvilinear velocity, linear velocity and average velocity. The tested protocol was not effective at maintaining the viability of A. lacustris semen after freezing because no motility was observed in any of the dilutions. However, the Comet Assay demonstrated that cryoprotectant solutions were effective in protecting the genetic material of cells, as DNA damage levels were low, with no difference between control and Me2SO10% + A, dilutions MTG10%+C, Me2SO10%+B and Me2SO15%+B.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as características do sêmen de Astyanax lacustris após indução hormonal e avaliar a sensibilidade dos espermatozoides da espécie a soluções crioprotetoras baseadas nos crioprotetores dimetilsulfóxido e metilglicol. Volume, cor, concentração espermática, motilidade total e aspectos do movimento espermático foram analisados usando o "Sistema Integrado de Análise de Sêmen (ISAS®CASA)". Três extensores diferentes foram testados: A) glicose 5%+gema de ovo 10%, B) BTS® 5% e C) glicose 5% e dois crioprotetores permeáveis: dimetilsulfóxido (Me2SO) e metilglicol (MTG). O sêmen fresco de A. lacustris apresentou motilidade total 76,6±11,2%, duração da motilidade 33,0±2,2s, concentração de espermatozoides 7,22±3,2×109sptz/mL e osmolalidade seminal 219±0,03mOsm/kg-1. O teste de toxicidade apresentou maiores valores de motilidade total nas diluições MTG15%+A, Me2SO15%+B e Me2SO10%+C, e as diluições Me2SO10%+C e Me2SO15%+C apresentaram maiores valores de velocidade curvilínea, velocidade linear e velocidade média. O protocolo testado não foi eficaz em manter a viabilidade do sêmen de A. lacustris pós-congelamento, pois não foi observada motilidade em nenhuma das diluições. No entanto, o Ensaio Cometa demonstrou que as soluções crioprotetoras eram eficazes na proteção do material genético das células, pois os níveis de dano ao DNA eram baixos, sem diferença entre controle e Me2SO10%+A, MTG10%+C, Me2SO10%+B e Me2SO15%+B.(AU)

Seminal characteristics and sensitivity of Astyanax lacustris (Characiformes: Characidae) sperm to cryoprotective solutions based on dimethylsufoxide and methylglicol

This study aimed to determine the semen characteristics of Astyanax lacustris after hormonal induction and to evaluate the sensitivity of the species sperm to cryoprotective solutions based on the cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide and methyl glycol. Volume, color, sperm concentration, total motility and aspects of sperm movement were analyzed using "Integrated Semen Analysis System". Three different extenders were tested: A) glucose 5%+egg yolk 10%, B) BTS®5% and C) glucose 5% and two permeable cryoprotectants: dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) and methyl glycol (MTG). Fresh A. lacustris semen presented total motility of 76.6±11.2%, motility duration of 33.0±2.2s, sperm concentration of 7.22±3.2×109sptz/mL and seminal osmolality of 219±0.03mOsm/kg-1. The toxicity test showed the highest total motility values at the MTG15%+A, Me2SO15%+B and Me2SO10%+C dilutions, and the Me2SO10%+C and Me2SO15%+C dilutions presented the highest values for curvilinear velocity, linear velocity and average velocity. The tested protocol was not effective at maintaining the viability of A. lacustris semen after freezing because no motility was observed in any of the dilutions. However, the Comet Assay demonstrated that cryoprotectant solutions were effective in protecting the genetic material of cells, as DNA damage levels were low, with no difference between control and Me2SO10% + A, dilutions MTG10%+C, Me2SO10%+B and Me2SO15%+B.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as características do sêmen de Astyanax lacustris após indução hormonal e avaliar a sensibilidade dos espermatozoides da espécie a soluções crioprotetoras baseadas nos crioprotetores dimetilsulfóxido e metilglicol. Volume, cor, concentração espermática, motilidade total e aspectos do movimento espermático foram analisados usando o "Sistema Integrado de Análise de Sêmen (ISAS®CASA)". Três extensores diferentes foram testados: A) glicose 5%+gema de ovo 10%, B) BTS® 5% e C) glicose 5% e dois crioprotetores permeáveis: dimetilsulfóxido (Me2SO) e metilglicol (MTG). O sêmen fresco de A. lacustris apresentou motilidade total 76,6±11,2%, duração da motilidade 33,0±2,2s, concentração de espermatozoides 7,22±3,2×109sptz/mL e osmolalidade seminal 219±0,03mOsm/kg-1. O teste de toxicidade apresentou maiores valores de motilidade total nas diluições MTG15%+A, Me2SO15%+B e Me2SO10%+C, e as diluições Me2SO10%+C e Me2SO15%+C apresentaram maiores valores de velocidade curvilínea, velocidade linear e velocidade média. O protocolo testado não foi eficaz em manter a viabilidade do sêmen de A. lacustris pós-congelamento, pois não foi observada motilidade em nenhuma das diluições. No entanto, o Ensaio Cometa demonstrou que as soluções crioprotetoras eram eficazes na proteção do material genético das células, pois os níveis de dano ao DNA eram baixos, sem diferença entre controle e Me2SO10%+A, MTG10%+C, Me2SO10%+B e Me2SO15%+B.(AU)

Uso do DMSO a 3% e diferentes concentrações de glicerol na curva de resfriamento do sêmen suíno / Use of 3% DMSO and different glycerol concentrations in the swine semen cooling curve

Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar o crioprotetor Dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO-3%) e o glicerol, em cinco concentrações (0,5%, 1%, 3%, 5% e 7%) em uma nova curva de resfriamento. Foram feitas sete coletas de sete varrões (n=49) através da técnica da mão enluvada. O DMSO (3%) e o glicerol foram adicionados separadamente ao diluente de congelação. Durante a análise da curva, a menor média de vigor espermático foi observada à concentração de 7% de glicerol. Na concentração de 1% de glicerol obteve-se maior média de motilidade espermática (72±12,3), sem diferença em relação à concentração de 5%. Maiores médias de vigor e motilidade espermática pós-descongelação foram observadas a3% de glicerol, diferindo das concentrações de 0,5% de glicerol e 3% de DMSO quanto ao vigor e dos demais tratamentos quanto à motilidade espermática. No teste de resistência osmótica o glicerol a 3% como diluente de congelação proporcionou melhor proteção à membrana espermática, diferindo dos demais tratamentos, exceto do DMSO a 3% e glicerola 1%. Observou-se maior porcentagem de células vivas na concentração de 5% e 7% de glicerol, diferindo das demais concentrações. Já o maior percentual de espermatozoides com acrossomas intactos foi observado quando se utilizou o diluente de congelação contendo glicerol a 3% (73,8±11,9). Os resultados do presente estudo, sugeriram que o glicerol, ainda é a melhor opção de crioprotetor a ser utilizada nos processos de criopreservação do espermatozoide suíno.

This study aimed to test the cryoprotectant Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO-3%) and glycerol, in five concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%) in a new cooling curve. Seven collections from seven boars (n=49) through the gloved hand technique were made. DMSO (3%) and glycerol were added separately to the freezing diluent. During the analysis of the curve, the lowest mean sperm count was observed at a concentration of 7% glycerol. The concentration of 1% glycerol obtained more sperm motility (72±12.3) but, did not differ in concentrations of 5% glycerol. Higher mean sperm motility and vigor after thawing were observed at 3%glycerol, differing from 0.5% glycerol and 3% DMSO concentrations regarding vigor and other treatments regarding sperm motility. In the osmotic resistance test, 3% glycerol as a freezing agent provided better protection to the spermatic membrane, differing from the other treatments except for 3% DMSO and 1% glycerol. A higher percentage of living cells was observed in the 5% and 7% glycerol concentration, differing from the other concentrations. The highest percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes was observed when the freezing diluent containing 3% glycerol (73.8±11.9) was used. The results of this study suggested that glycerol is still the best cryoprotective option to be used in cryopreservation processes of swine sperm.

Uso do DMSO a 3% e diferentes concentrações de glicerol na curva de resfriamento do sêmen suíno / Use of 3% DMSO and different glycerol concentrations in the swine semen cooling curve

Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar o crioprotetor Dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO-3%) e o glicerol, em cinco concentrações (0,5%, 1%, 3%, 5% e 7%) em uma nova curva de resfriamento. Foram feitas sete coletas de sete varrões (n=49) através da técnica da mão enluvada. O DMSO (3%) e o glicerol foram adicionados separadamente ao diluente de congelação. Durante a análise da curva, a menor média de vigor espermático foi observada à concentração de 7% de glicerol. Na concentração de 1% de glicerol obteve-se maior média de motilidade espermática (72±12,3), sem diferença em relação à concentração de 5%. Maiores médias de vigor e motilidade espermática pós-descongelação foram observadas a3% de glicerol, diferindo das concentrações de 0,5% de glicerol e 3% de DMSO quanto ao vigor e dos demais tratamentos quanto à motilidade espermática. No teste de resistência osmótica o glicerol a 3% como diluente de congelação proporcionou melhor proteção à membrana espermática, diferindo dos demais tratamentos, exceto do DMSO a 3% e glicerola 1%. Observou-se maior porcentagem de células vivas na concentração de 5% e 7% de glicerol, diferindo das demais concentrações. Já o maior percentual de espermatozoides com acrossomas intactos foi observado quando se utilizou o diluente de congelação contendo glicerol a 3% (73,8±11,9). Os resultados do presente estudo, sugeriram que o glicerol, ainda é a melhor opção de crioprotetor a ser utilizada nos processos de criopreservação do espermatozoide suíno.(AU)

This study aimed to test the cryoprotectant Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO-3%) and glycerol, in five concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%) in a new cooling curve. Seven collections from seven boars (n=49) through the gloved hand technique were made. DMSO (3%) and glycerol were added separately to the freezing diluent. During the analysis of the curve, the lowest mean sperm count was observed at a concentration of 7% glycerol. The concentration of 1% glycerol obtained more sperm motility (72±12.3) but, did not differ in concentrations of 5% glycerol. Higher mean sperm motility and vigor after thawing were observed at 3%glycerol, differing from 0.5% glycerol and 3% DMSO concentrations regarding vigor and other treatments regarding sperm motility. In the osmotic resistance test, 3% glycerol as a freezing agent provided better protection to the spermatic membrane, differing from the other treatments except for 3% DMSO and 1% glycerol. A higher percentage of living cells was observed in the 5% and 7% glycerol concentration, differing from the other concentrations. The highest percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes was observed when the freezing diluent containing 3% glycerol (73.8±11.9) was used. The results of this study suggested that glycerol is still the best cryoprotective option to be used in cryopreservation processes of swine sperm.(AU)

Capacidade fecundante do sêmen congelado de Prochilodus brevis / Fertilizing capacity of the cryopreserved sperm of Prochilodus brevis

Background: Seminal cryopreservation is a technique that optimizes aquacultural production, as it requires less breedingand enables reproduction outside of the breeding season. This technique also helps to preserve species, thus reducing thepressure on the natural stocks. Several studies have sought to develop freezing protocols that result in semen of a goodquality. However, some studies do not evaluate the ability of frozen semen to produce viable larvae. Therefore, the aimof this study was to verify the fertilizing capacity of the frozen semen of Prochilodus brevis.Materials, Methods & Results: Semen from twenty adult males of the Brazilian bocachico was collected and evaluatedto establish the total motility, curvilinear velocity, straight linear velocity, average path velocity, membrane integrity, pH,and concentration. Six pools were formed, each of which was diluted in a freezing medium containing 5% glucose with10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 5% glucose with 10% methyl glycol (MG). The samples were loaded into 0.25 mLFrench straws, frozen in a dry shipper, and stored in a liquid nitrogen canister. The semen was then thawed and evaluatedto establish the total motility, curvilinear velocity, straight linear velocity, average path velocity, and membrane integrity.For the fertilization test, four females were used. The oocytes from each female were divided into three batches and fertilized with either fresh or cryopreserved semen. The rates of fertilization, hatching, and larval survival were then measured.Data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using SAS (2002). The frozen semen with glucose +DMSO was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the frozen semen with glucose + MG, in all seminal quality parametersevaluated (63.95 ± 15.88% and 25.36 ± 3.53% for the motility, 36.38 ± 7.02 μm.s-1 and 20.45 ± 2.84 μm.s-1 for the curvilinear velocity, 19.26 ± 2.74 μm.s-1 and...

Capacidade fecundante do sêmen congelado de Prochilodus brevis / Fertilizing capacity of the cryopreserved sperm of Prochilodus brevis

Background: Seminal cryopreservation is a technique that optimizes aquacultural production, as it requires less breedingand enables reproduction outside of the breeding season. This technique also helps to preserve species, thus reducing thepressure on the natural stocks. Several studies have sought to develop freezing protocols that result in semen of a goodquality. However, some studies do not evaluate the ability of frozen semen to produce viable larvae. Therefore, the aimof this study was to verify the fertilizing capacity of the frozen semen of Prochilodus brevis.Materials, Methods & Results: Semen from twenty adult males of the Brazilian bocachico was collected and evaluatedto establish the total motility, curvilinear velocity, straight linear velocity, average path velocity, membrane integrity, pH,and concentration. Six pools were formed, each of which was diluted in a freezing medium containing 5% glucose with10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 5% glucose with 10% methyl glycol (MG). The samples were loaded into 0.25 mLFrench straws, frozen in a dry shipper, and stored in a liquid nitrogen canister. The semen was then thawed and evaluatedto establish the total motility, curvilinear velocity, straight linear velocity, average path velocity, and membrane integrity.For the fertilization test, four females were used. The oocytes from each female were divided into three batches and fertilized with either fresh or cryopreserved semen. The rates of fertilization, hatching, and larval survival were then measured.Data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using SAS (2002). The frozen semen with glucose +DMSO was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the frozen semen with glucose + MG, in all seminal quality parametersevaluated (63.95 ± 15.88% and 25.36 ± 3.53% for the motility, 36.38 ± 7.02 μm.s-1 and 20.45 ± 2.84 μm.s-1 for the curvilinear velocity, 19.26 ± 2.74 μm.s-1 and...(AU)

Efeito do DMSO e glicerol na criopreservação de células tronco mesenquimais derivadas de líquido amniótico de fetos caprinos / Effect of DMSO and glycerol in criopreservation of mesenquimial trunk cells derived from amniotic fluid of caprine fetus

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade e taxa de proliferação de células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) derivadas do líquido amniótico (LA) após cultivo in vitro, e o efeito de dois agentes crioprotetores. Foram utilizadas 9 cabras prenhes. As amostras foram colhidas de fetos caprinos por laparotomia, e delas obtidos as (CTMs) e submetidas ao cultivo in vitro. Posteriormente, uma fração das células foi criopreservada em meio DMSO (dimetilsulfóxido) ou glicerol e vitrificadas para posterior avaliação da viabilidade. O meio DMSO promoveu melhores taxas de sobrevida celular preservando as características de pluripotencialidade e de replicação in vitro.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the viability and proliferation rate of mesenchymal stem cells (MTCs) derived from amniotic fluid (LA) after in vitro culture, and the effect of two cryoprotective agents. 9 pregnant goats were used. The samples were collected from goat fetuses by laparotomy, and from them (CTMs) were obtained and cultured in vitro. Subsequently, a fraction of the cells were cryopreserved in DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) or glycerol medium and vitrified for further evaluation of viability. The DMSO medium promoted better cell survival rates while preserving the characteristics of pluripotency and replication in vitro.

Efeito do DMSO e glicerol na criopreservação de células tronco mesenquimais derivadas de líquido amniótico de fetos caprinos / Effect of DMSO and glycerol in criopreservation of mesenquimial trunk cells derived from amniotic fluid of caprine fetus

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade e taxa de proliferação de células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) derivadas do líquido amniótico (LA) após cultivo in vitro, e o efeito de dois agentes crioprotetores. Foram utilizadas 9 cabras prenhes. As amostras foram colhidas de fetos caprinos por laparotomia, e delas obtidos as (CTMs) e submetidas ao cultivo in vitro. Posteriormente, uma fração das células foi criopreservada em meio DMSO (dimetilsulfóxido) ou glicerol e vitrificadas para posterior avaliação da viabilidade. O meio DMSO promoveu melhores taxas de sobrevida celular preservando as características de pluripotencialidade e de replicação in vitro.(AU)

The objective of the study was to evaluate the viability and proliferation rate of mesenchymal stem cells (MTCs) derived from amniotic fluid (LA) after in vitro culture, and the effect of two cryoprotective agents. 9 pregnant goats were used. The samples were collected from goat fetuses by laparotomy, and from them (CTMs) were obtained and cultured in vitro. Subsequently, a fraction of the cells were cryopreserved in DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) or glycerol medium and vitrified for further evaluation of viability. The DMSO medium promoted better cell survival rates while preserving the characteristics of pluripotency and replication in vitro.(AU)

Avaliação da toxicidade de solvente de extratos vegetais com ação antiviral em sêmen caprino refrigerado / Evaluation of solvent toxicity of plant extract with antiviral action in refrigerated goat semen

Background: Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus have been detected in sperm of breeding goats causing economic losses. In order to control the virus, researches aiming to identify natural extracts with potential antiviral effects are performed. However, aqueous or ethanolic extracts must be diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is a substance with unknown effects in sperm quality when present in diluting media. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate sperm viability of refrigerated caprine semen diluted in media containing DMSO. This was performed to provide data that aid in researches involving the use of this component with natural extracts that may inactivate the caprine lentivirus in sperm.Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Seminal Technology in Embrapa Goats and Sheep in the city of Sobral, Brazil. Sperm viability was assessed in caprine semen refrigerated in two dilution media with crescent concentrations of DMSO. Sperm samples of five goats seronegative for the caprine lentivirus were pooled and diluted in minimal essential medium (MEM) enriched with glucose at 0.01 M added of crescent concentrations of DMSO (0%, 1.5%, 1.75%, 2.0%, 2.25% and 2.5%). The same breeders provided the pool of sperm to test Tris added 2.5% of egg yolk and the same concentrations of DMSO previously mentioned. Treatments were refrigerated at 7°C and evaluated up until four h after DMSO addition. Individual progressive motility (MIP), sperm vigor (V), percentage of spermatozoa reactive to hypoosmotic test (HO) and morphologically normal (NOR) were evaluated. IPM, vigor and NOR remained within normal standards for the caprine species in all treatments test. Percentage results of spermatozoa reactive to hypoosmotic was higher in Tris yolk with values ranging between 34.66% to 46.33%. Sperm vigor was positively correlated (r = 0.85) with IPM in the MEM diluted pool of sperm.[...]

Avaliação da toxicidade de solvente de extratos vegetais com ação antiviral em sêmen caprino refrigerado / Evaluation of solvent toxicity of plant extract with antiviral action in refrigerated goat semen

Background: Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus have been detected in sperm of breeding goats causing economic losses. In order to control the virus, researches aiming to identify natural extracts with potential antiviral effects are performed. However, aqueous or ethanolic extracts must be diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is a substance with unknown effects in sperm quality when present in diluting media. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate sperm viability of refrigerated caprine semen diluted in media containing DMSO. This was performed to provide data that aid in researches involving the use of this component with natural extracts that may inactivate the caprine lentivirus in sperm.Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Seminal Technology in Embrapa Goats and Sheep in the city of Sobral, Brazil. Sperm viability was assessed in caprine semen refrigerated in two dilution media with crescent concentrations of DMSO. Sperm samples of five goats seronegative for the caprine lentivirus were pooled and diluted in minimal essential medium (MEM) enriched with glucose at 0.01 M added of crescent concentrations of DMSO (0%, 1.5%, 1.75%, 2.0%, 2.25% and 2.5%). The same breeders provided the pool of sperm to test Tris added 2.5% of egg yolk and the same concentrations of DMSO previously mentioned. Treatments were refrigerated at 7°C and evaluated up until four h after DMSO addition. Individual progressive motility (MIP), sperm vigor (V), percentage of spermatozoa reactive to hypoosmotic test (HO) and morphologically normal (NOR) were evaluated. IPM, vigor and NOR remained within normal standards for the caprine species in all treatments test. Percentage results of spermatozoa reactive to hypoosmotic was higher in Tris yolk with values ranging between 34.66% to 46.33%. Sperm vigor was positively correlated (r = 0.85) with IPM in the MEM diluted pool of sperm.[...](AU)

Cryopreservation protocol for equine platelet-rich plasma / Protocolo de criopreservação para plasma rico em plaquetas de equinos

In this preliminary study, a new equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) cryopreservation protocol was evaluated. PRP was obtained by a double centrifugation technique of whole blood collected from 8 adult healthy ponies. A fresh sample of PRP was analyzed for total platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet morphology. Upon morphological evaluation, 200 platelets were counted using a differential interference contrast microscope with a 40x phase objective and classified as activated (with pseudopodia), inactivated (normal discoid shape), or uncertain state (spherical shape, without pseudopodia). Two other PRP samples, one containing DMSO as a cryoprotectant and the other without DMSO, were stored in a mechanical freezer at 80ºC. After 14 days, the frozen samples were thawed and submitted to the same analysis as described above. The fresh PRP showed a platelet count of 830 (±95.3) x103 uL-1, an MPV of 5.2 (±0.07) fL, and composed of 4% activated platelets. There was no significant difference in platelet count, MPV, and activated platelets between fresh and 6% DMSO frozen PRP samples (617.9±65.5x103uL-1; 5.3±0.06fL; 9.5%) (p > 0.05). On the other hand, samples frozen without DMSO showed a significantly lower platelet count (519.6±66.1x103uL-1), higher MPV (5.7±0.08fL), and more activated platelets (13.9%) than the other groups (p 0.05). The 6% DMSO was able to...(AU)

Neste estudo preliminar, um novo protocolo de criopreservação de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) de equinos foi avaliado. O PRP foi obtido através de dupla centrifugação do sangue total coletado de oito pôneis clinicamente saudáveis. Uma amostra de PRP fresco foi analisada quanto ao número total de plaquetas, volume plaquetário médio (VPM) e morfologia plaquetária. Na avaliação morfológica 200 plaquetas foram contadas utilizando um microscópio com contraste de fase com objetiva de 40x e classificadas como ativadas (com pseudópodes), inativas (forma discóide normal) ou estado incerto (forma esférica, mas sem peseudópodes). Duas outras amostras de PRP foram armazenadas em um freezer mecânico a 80oC, uma contendo dimetil sulfóxido (DMSO) como crioprotetor e outra sem DMSO. Após 14 dias as amostras congeladas foram descongeladas e submetidas às mesmas avaliações das amostras frescas. O PRP fresco apresentou contagem plaquetária de 830 (±95,3) x103 ?L 1, VPM 5,2 (±0,07) fL e 4% de plaquetas ativadas. Não houve diferença na contagem plaquetária, VPM e plaquetas ativadas entre as amostras de PRP frescas e congeladas com 6% de DMSO (617,9±65,5x103 uL-1; 5,3±0,06fL; 9,5%) (p > 0,05). Por outro lado, as amostras congeladas sem DMSO apresentaram uma contagem de plaquetas significativamente menor (519,6±66,1x103 u-1), maior VPM (5,7±0,08fL) e mais plaquetas ativadas (13,9%) do que os...(AU)

Cryopreservation protocol for equine platelet-rich plasma / Protocolo de criopreservação para plasma rico em plaquetas de equinos

In this preliminary study, a new equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) cryopreservation protocol was evaluated. PRP was obtained by a double centrifugation technique of whole blood collected from 8 adult healthy ponies. A fresh sample of PRP was analyzed for total platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet morphology. Upon morphological evaluation, 200 platelets were counted using a differential interference contrast microscope with a 40x phase objective and classified as activated (with pseudopodia), inactivated (normal discoid shape), or uncertain state (spherical shape, without pseudopodia). Two other PRP samples, one containing DMSO as a cryoprotectant and the other without DMSO, were stored in a mechanical freezer at 80ºC. After 14 days, the frozen samples were thawed and submitted to the same analysis as described above. The fresh PRP showed a platelet count of 830 (±95.3) x103 uL-1, an MPV of 5.2 (±0.07) fL, and composed of 4% activated platelets. There was no significant difference in platelet count, MPV, and activated platelets between fresh and 6% DMSO frozen PRP samples (617.9±65.5x103uL-1; 5.3±0.06fL; 9.5%) (p > 0.05). On the other hand, samples frozen without DMSO showed a significantly lower platelet count (519.6±66.1x103uL-1), higher MPV (5.7±0.08fL), and more activated platelets (13.9%) than the other groups (p 0.05). The 6% DMSO was able to...

Neste estudo preliminar, um novo protocolo de criopreservação de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) de equinos foi avaliado. O PRP foi obtido através de dupla centrifugação do sangue total coletado de oito pôneis clinicamente saudáveis. Uma amostra de PRP fresco foi analisada quanto ao número total de plaquetas, volume plaquetário médio (VPM) e morfologia plaquetária. Na avaliação morfológica 200 plaquetas foram contadas utilizando um microscópio com contraste de fase com objetiva de 40x e classificadas como ativadas (com pseudópodes), inativas (forma discóide normal) ou estado incerto (forma esférica, mas sem peseudópodes). Duas outras amostras de PRP foram armazenadas em um freezer mecânico a 80oC, uma contendo dimetil sulfóxido (DMSO) como crioprotetor e outra sem DMSO. Após 14 dias as amostras congeladas foram descongeladas e submetidas às mesmas avaliações das amostras frescas. O PRP fresco apresentou contagem plaquetária de 830 (±95,3) x103 ?L 1, VPM 5,2 (±0,07) fL e 4% de plaquetas ativadas. Não houve diferença na contagem plaquetária, VPM e plaquetas ativadas entre as amostras de PRP frescas e congeladas com 6% de DMSO (617,9±65,5x103 uL-1; 5,3±0,06fL; 9,5%) (p > 0,05). Por outro lado, as amostras congeladas sem DMSO apresentaram uma contagem de plaquetas significativamente menor (519,6±66,1x103 u-1), maior VPM (5,7±0,08fL) e mais plaquetas ativadas (13,9%) do que os...

Treatment of phytiosis in gestation mare using intravenous regional perfusion of amphotericin b and dimethyl sulfoxide / Tratamento de pitiose em égua gestante utilizando perfusão regional intravenosa com anfotericina b e dimetilsulfóxido

Equine cutaneous pythiosis (ECP) is a disease described throughout the Brazilian territory, however there is little information regarding the medical treatment and surgery in pregnant mares. We describe a case of ECP in a mare with nine months of gestation with a history of trauma to the left pelvic limb that evolved into ulcerative granulomatous lesion with presence of kunkers. Surgical excision was performed, followed by cauterization and intravenous regional perfusion (IRP) with 50 mg amphotericin B (10 mL) solution diluted in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (6 mL DMSO in 44 ml of Ringers lactate). 14 days after the surgery, a new IRP was performed. The diagnosis of ECP was confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. The mare gave birth to a healthy foal two months after the surgery and was discharged after complete epithelization of the wound.(AU)

Pitiose cutânea equina (PCE) é uma enfermidade descrita em todo território brasileiro, no entanto são escassas as informações quanto ao tratamento e procedimento cirúrgico em éguas gestantes. Descreve-se um caso de PCE em uma égua com nove meses de gestação com histórico de trauma no membro pélvico esquerdo que evoluiu para lesão ulcerativa granulomatosa com presença de kunkers. Foi realizada excisão cirúrgica, seguida da cauterização e perfusão regional intravenosa (PRI) com 50 mg de anfotericina B (10 ml) diluído em  solução dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) 10% (6 ml DMSO em 44 ml de Ringer com Lactato). Após 14 dias da intervenção cirúrgica, nova PRI foi realizada. O diagnóstico de PCE foi confirmado através da avaliação histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica. A égua pariu um potro saudável após dois meses da intervenção cirúrgica e recebeu alta após a completa epitelização da ferida.(AU)

Criopreservação do plasma rico em plaquetas de equinos / Equine platelet-rich plasma cryopreservation

Avaliou-se o congelamento do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) de equinos, a -196ºC em nitrogênio líquido, utilizando-se como crioprotetor o DMSO em duas concentrações (3% e 6%), e, como ponto final, a avaliação da morfologia e da agregometria plaquetária. Foram utilizadas 12 amostras de PRP em duas repetições. Previamente ao congelamento, as amostras foram submetidas a um resfriamento lento (-0,07ºC/minuto) até a temperatura final de 4-5ºC. A criopreservação do PRP equino, incluindo um resfriamento lento a 4-5ºC, previamente ao congelamento a -197ºC em nitrogênio líquido, foi similar para as concentrações do crioprotetor DMSO a 3% ou 6%, quando avaliado o percentual de ativação e de agregação plaquetária.(AU)

Equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) frozen at -196°C in liquid nitrogen using DMSO as a cryoprotectant in two different concentrations (3% and 6%) was evaluated, using platelet morphology and aggregometry as the final parameters. Twelve PRP samples were used in two repetitions. The samples were submitted to slow cooling prior to frozen (-0.07°C/minute) until they reached the temperature of 4-5°C. Platelet cryopreserved in 3% or 6% DMSO, presented similar efficacy when the percentage of activation and platelet aggregation was evaluated.(AU)

Vitrification of bovine preantral follicles with dimethylsulfoxide and sucrose plus alfa-tocopherol / Vitrificação de folículos pré-antrais bovinos com dimetilxulfoxido e sacarose adicionado de alfa-tocopherol

The objective of this study was to evaluate the vitrification of bovine preantral follicles with dimethylsulfoxide (D) and sucrose (S) plus α-tocopherol 5mmol/L (T5) or 10mmol/L (T10) and, evaluate the thawed with minimal essential medium (m) with or without sucrose (s). Ovaries of cows were collected from slaughterhouse for the experiment I (n=66) and II (n=51). In the laboratory ovarian fragments were randomly assigned either to fresh control and 8 vitrification treatments (Controle and Dm; Dms, DSm; DSms; DST5m; DST5ms; DST10m; DST10ms). Ovarian fragments were placed in vitrification solution (5 min) and immersed in liquid nitrogen (-196°C), after a week, the fragments were thawed and analyzed. In the experiments I, preantral follicles were morphologically observed for histological evaluation, (normal; degenerated and developing of stage). In the experiment II, preantral follicles were mechanically isolated from ovarian tissue and examined with trypan blue, where dead and live corresponded to stained or non-stained. The treatments DSm, DSms and DST10m were effective in preserving the morphology in situ. However, the viability of isolated preantral follicles after vitrification remained high only in treatment DST10m. Thus, DST10m preserves survival rates and morphological integrity during vitrification of bovine preantral follicles.(AU)

Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a vitrificação de folículos pré-antrais bovinos com dimetilsulfóxido (D) e sacarose (S) adicionando α-tocoferol 5mmol/L (T5) ou 10mmol/L (T10) e, avaliar o aquecimento com meio essencial mínimo (m) com ou sem sacarose (s). Ovários de fêmeas bovinas foram coletados de abatedouro, para o experimento I (n= 66) e II (n= 51). No laboratório fragmentos ovarianos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente para o controle fresco e 8 tratamentos de vitrificação (Controle e Dm; Dms, a DSm; DSms; DST5m; DST5ms; DST10m; DST10ms). Os fragmentos ovarianos foram colocados na solução de vitrificação (5 min) e imersos em nitrogênio líquido (-196°C). Após uma semana os fragmentos foram aquecidos e analisados. No experimento I, folículos pré-antrais foram observados morfologicamente para avaliação histológica (normal, degenerados e estádio de desenvolvimento). No experimento II, folículos pré-antrais foram mecanicamente isolados do tecido ovariano e examinados com o azul de trypan, observando mortos e vivos corados e não corados respetivamente. Os tratamentos a DSm, DSms e DST10m foram eficazes na preservação da morfologia in situ. No entanto, a viabilidade de folículos pré-antrais isolados após a vitrificação manteve-se elevada apenas no tratamento DST10m. Assim, DST10m preservou as taxas de sobrevivência e integridade morfológica durante a vitrificação de folículos pré-antrais bovinos.(AU)