Prótese intraescleral em um cão - evisceração e implantação / Intrascleral prosthesis in a dog - evisceration and implantation

Background: There is no hope of preserving vision at the terminal stage of glaucoma, and surgical treatment is indicated in thesecases. Among the various surgical techniques used, eye evisceration with implantation of an intrascleral prosthesis provide thebest cosmetic results. Even though eye evisceration with prosthesis implantation represents an excellent treatment option forterminal glaucoma, reports on the use of this technique in dogs are scarce in the current literature. The aim of this work is to reporta case of a dog with end-stage glaucoma subjected to eye evisceration surgery and implantation of an intrascleral prosthesis.Case: A 7-year-old bitch mixed breed with a history of glaucoma secondary to uveitis with no response to medical therapy wasreferred to the Ophthalmology service of the University Veterinary Hospital of Coimbra (HVUC), Portugal At the ophthalmicexamination, the glaucomatous left eye was buphthalmic, with congested episcleral blood vessels, mydriasis, and posterior luxation of the lens; there was no response to threat or obfuscation, no direct and consensual pupillary reflex, nor pupillary reflexesto chromatic light. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was 55 mmHg, and the Schirmer’s tear test (STT-1) result was 19 mm/min.Ophthalmoscopy revealed attenuated retinal blood vessels and a pale optic papilla with mild excavation. The right eye wasfunctional, with all parameters assessed on examination and by tests within the normal ranges for the species. An ultrasoundexamination of the left eye confirmed the presence of posterior luxation of the lens and buphthalmia in the absence of intraocularneoplasm. In view of the patient’s history and results of the clinical examinations, a surgical approach was indicated to treat theglaucomatous eye. The patient’s tutor requested a surgical procedure that...

Prótese intraescleral em um cão - evisceração e implantação / Intrascleral prosthesis in a dog - evisceration and implantation

Background: There is no hope of preserving vision at the terminal stage of glaucoma, and surgical treatment is indicated in thesecases. Among the various surgical techniques used, eye evisceration with implantation of an intrascleral prosthesis provide thebest cosmetic results. Even though eye evisceration with prosthesis implantation represents an excellent treatment option forterminal glaucoma, reports on the use of this technique in dogs are scarce in the current literature. The aim of this work is to reporta case of a dog with end-stage glaucoma subjected to eye evisceration surgery and implantation of an intrascleral prosthesis.Case: A 7-year-old bitch mixed breed with a history of glaucoma secondary to uveitis with no response to medical therapy wasreferred to the Ophthalmology service of the University Veterinary Hospital of Coimbra (HVUC), Portugal At the ophthalmicexamination, the glaucomatous left eye was buphthalmic, with congested episcleral blood vessels, mydriasis, and posterior luxation of the lens; there was no response to threat or obfuscation, no direct and consensual pupillary reflex, nor pupillary reflexesto chromatic light. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was 55 mmHg, and the Schirmers tear test (STT-1) result was 19 mm/min.Ophthalmoscopy revealed attenuated retinal blood vessels and a pale optic papilla with mild excavation. The right eye wasfunctional, with all parameters assessed on examination and by tests within the normal ranges for the species. An ultrasoundexamination of the left eye confirmed the presence of posterior luxation of the lens and buphthalmia in the absence of intraocularneoplasm. In view of the patients history and results of the clinical examinations, a surgical approach was indicated to treat theglaucomatous eye. The patients tutor requested a surgical procedure that...(AU)

Hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes in cattle submitted to emergency slaughter

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of stress in bovines submitted to emergency slaughter caused by lengthy transportation to slaughterhouses in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. Blood collections were performed individually during exsanguinations.Tissue samples were obtained after evisceration on the slaughter line. The animals were divided into the Experimental Group (EG), with 19 bovines destined for immediate emergency slaughter, and the Control Group (CG), with 24 bovines slaughtered normally at the abattoir flow. The EG showed lower values of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, neutrophilia with band neutrophils, and lymphopenia. Hyperalbuminemia, high levels of total proteins, glucose, and creatinine, and lower urea levels were observed in the EG. The globulins were equal between the groups. Histopathology revealed hepatocytes with vacuolated cytoplasm (87.5% of the cases) and liver congestion (83.33%). Interstitial emphysema (95.65%), alveolar emphysema (65.21%), and congestion (52.17%) were observed in the lungs. The kidneys showed congestion (80.95%) and hyaline casts (100%). The spleens showed rarefaction in the white (70%) and red pulp (65%), in addition to hemosiderosis (10%). This suggests that the animals transported over long distances are submitted to severe stress, with water and food deprivation, resulting in hematological and biochemical changes, with histological lesions and serious bruises affecting the musculoskeletal system. There is loss of homeostasis, severe debilitation, with destination for emergency slaughter with the conditional use of meat for consumption.(AU)

Modified eye evisceration in a tropical screech owl (Megascops choliba)

Background: An adult owl was presented with an injury to the right eye that rendered it blind in that eye. The left eye was normal. Removal of the right eye was recommended and a modified eye evisceration was performed. No complications were observed during or after surgery. The objective of this paper is to describe the modified eye evisceration technique that was successfully used in a tropical screech owl (Megascops choliba). Case: An adult owl was presented with an injury to the right eye that rendered it blind in that eye. Two previous surgical treatments have been carried out but have not been successful. Using a portable slit-lamp (Kowa SL-15®), both eyes were examined. The left eye was normal. Upon ophthalmic examination of the right eye, the owl demonstrated blepharospasm and large central corneal ulcer. Removal of the right eye was recommended. The bird received midazolam hydrochloride [Dormire® - 1 mg/kg, IM] and ketamine hydrochloride [Ketamina® - 5 mg/kg IM] as pre-anesthetic medications. Subsequently, the bird was anesthetized with isoflurane (Isoforine®) by facemask for induction, and then maintained with isoflurane vaporized in 100% oxygen through an endotracheal tube. With the aid of a surgical microscope and microsurgery materials, a modified eye evisceration was performed. Post-operatively, the owl received meloxicam [Maxicam® - 0.5 mg/kg, IM] and tramadol hydrochloride [Cronidor® - 15 mg/kg, orally for 4 days]. The day after surgery, the owl was comfortable and its usual appetite was regained. The patient remained hospitalized for 3 weeks and was evaluated daily. The skin sutures were removed 10 days after the surgical procedure and the surgical wound had healed normally. The patient was reintroduced into the wild after 2 months. During the 6 months post-release, the bird was evaluated once a month, and no complications were observed. Discussion: Severe eye trauma and complicated corneal ulcers are common causes of eyeball removal in birds. In birds, there is a high risk of complications during enucleation. The fragility of the orbital bones makes them susceptible to trauma during the surgery. Evisceration involves the removal of the inner contents of the eye while leaving the cornea and the sclera intact. In the current case, evisceration was chosen because the eye was blind, and maintaining a blind eye would be a source of pain and infection. In the modified evisceration technique, the risk of complications is minimal compared to enucleation, mainly because surgical manipulation is minimal. In our case, the total surgery time was 20 min. Another complication reported after enucleation in birds is the possibility of disfiguring the bird because the removal of the globe disturbs the natural head balance. To avoid these complications, the use of an intraocular prosthesis after evisceration in birds has been performed. However, owls have a tubular-shaped globe with scleral ossicles. These factors could hinder or even prevent the accommodation of a cylindrical silicone prosthesis. In the present case, an intraocular prosthesis implant was never considered due to the unavailability of the prosthesis and to avoid the risk of postoperative complications that have been reported from the literature in dogs. In this case, the owl recovered well from anesthesia without complications, and no postoperative hemorrhage was observed. No signs of pain were observed during the postoperative period and the owl had already shown an appetite and fed on the first postoperative day. The previously published reports using the modified evisceration technique also demonstrated an absence of pain signs during the postoperative period.(AU)

Incidence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in broiler flocks at the Federal District of Brazil and its surrounding areas / Incidência de lotes de frangos afetados por Mycoplasma gallisepticum e Mycoplasma synoviae no Distrito Federal e Entorno, Brasil

Mycoplasma is an important avian pathogen that can cause both respiratory disease and synovitis in birds, resulting in considerable economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. This study aimed to determine the incidence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae in broiler flocks at the Federal District and its surrounding regions using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All slaughtered lots (57 flocks) were analyzed from July to November in one of the two slaughterhouses at the Federal District with Federal inspection services. Approximately 10 samples of broiler tracheae per slaughtered batch were collected from the evisceration line. The results obtained from the accumulated incidence over the study period were 7.02% and 35.09% for M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae, respectively. A greater concentration of flocks affected by M. synoviae was observed during October. The sample design as well as the PCR technique assisted in detecting both agents in the broiler batches in the first epidemiological study of these two agents in the region.(AU)

Os micoplasmas são importantes patógenos aviários, que podem causar doenças respiratórias e sinovites em aves, resultando em consideráveis perdas econômicas para a indústria avícola em todo o mundo. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a incidência de Mycoplasma gallisepticum e Mycoplasma synoviae em lotes de frangos na região do Distrito Federal e Entorno, por meio da reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). Todos os lotes abatidos (57 lotes) foram analisados durante os meses de julho a novembro, em um dos dois abatedouros frigoríficos do Distrito Federal com Serviço de Inspeção Federal. Na linha de evisceração foram coletadas cerca de 10 amostras de traqueia de frangos de corte por lote abatido. Os resultados obtidos da incidência acumulada no período de estudo foram de 7.02% para M. gallisepticum e 35,09% M. synoviae. Uma maior concentração do número de lotes afetados por M. synoviae foi observada durante o mês de outubro. O desenho amostral, assim como a técnica de PCR, permitiu a detecção de ambos os agentes nos lotes de frangos de corte analisados, sendo este o primeiro estudo epidemiológico desses dois agentes na região de estudo.(AU)

Contaminação por Salmonella spp. durante o processamento de aves em abatedouros frigoríficos / Salmonella spp. contamination during poultry processing in slaughterhouses

A carne de aves e seus derivados estão entre os principais alimentos incriminados nos surtos de doenças veiculadas por alimentos (DVA) devido ao risco de veiculação de Salmonella spp. O controle é complexo porque existem inúmeras vias pelas quais essa bactéria pode contaminar a carne de aves e derivados, com várias possibilidades ao longo da cadeia produtiva. Falhas nas condições de manejo durante a criação de frangos de corte e nos procedimentos higiênicosanitários durante as operações de abate e manipulação das carcaças influenciam na contaminação por esse microrganismo nas indústrias. Abatedouros frigoríficos de aves são altamente automatizados e, apesar dos avanços tecnológicos, a carne de frango ainda é passível de contaminação, uma vez que lotes negativos podem se tornar positivos para Salmonella spp. devido a contaminação cruzada provocada por lotes infectados abatidos no mesmo dia ou devido à utilização de equipamentos e utensílios compartilhados. O extravasamento de conteúdo gastrointestinal durante a evisceração é a principal fonte de contaminação das carcaças por Salmonella spp. nos abatedouros. Na presente revisão, foram abordados aspectos gerais sobre o gênero Salmonella spp., com ênfase nas etapas do processamento de aves que propiciam contaminação de carcaças e nas respectivas estratégias que visam à mitigação do risco de veiculação desse microrganismo, considerando também a legislação pertinente.

Poultry meat and its derivatives are the main food involved in foodborne outbreaks due to the risk of transmitting Salmonella spp. The control is complex because there are several routes in which this bacterium can contaminate poultry meat, with several possibilities along the production chain. Failures in handling conditions during the rearing of broilers and in hygienic-sanitary procedures during slaughter steps and handling of carcasses in industries influence the contamination by this microorganism. Poultry slaughterhouses are highly automated and, despite technological advances, poultry meat is still susceptible to contamination mainly due the fact that negative animals can become contaminated with Salmonella spp. due cross contamination with infected animals when slaughtered at the same day or due the use of contaminated equipment and utensils. The extravasation of gastrointestinal content during evisceration is the main source of contamination of carcasses with Salmonella spp. in poultry slaughterhouses. In this review, general aspects about the genus Salmonella spp. were addressed, with emphasis on the stages of poultry processing that allow contamination of carcasses and the respective strategies used to mitigate the risk of transmitting this microorganism considering the relevant legislation.

Parasitos em trutas-arco-íris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) criadas em sistema intensivo na região serrana de Santa Catarina, Brasil / [Parasites in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) raised in an intensive system in the mountain region of Santa Catarina, Brazil]

With the aim to determine the prevalence and mean parasite intensity in Oncorhynchus mykiss, 120 specimens were analyzed between April and September 2018. The cavity analysis was done by visual inspection, scraping of mucus, and extraction of the branchial arches. In the evisceration process, the intestine, the liver, and the kidney were separated, while the musculature was analyzed using the "candling table" method. All the collected material was preserved in 10% buffered formaldehyde and sent to the Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, of the Center for Agroveterinary Sciences (CAV) of the University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC) for making the slides and identifying the parasites. Parasites were detected only in the analysis of the scraping of body mucus. Only specimens of the genus Trichodina were identified, in 34 of the 120 fish analyzed, in two collections, resulting in a prevalence of 28.33%. In total, 144 specimens of Trichodina were observed. The overall mean intensity was of 4.24 parasites in each fish analyzed. Characteristic lesions of infection by protozoa were not identified. This is the first report of the occurrence of Trichodina spp. in O. mykiss bred in an intensive system in Brazil, with low rates of parasitic infection in the mountain region of Santa Catarina.(AU)

Contaminação por Salmonella spp. durante o processamento de aves em abatedouros frigoríficos / Salmonella spp. contamination during poultry processing in slaughterhouses

A carne de aves e seus derivados estão entre os principais alimentos incriminados nos surtos de doenças veiculadas por alimentos (DVA) devido ao risco de veiculação de Salmonella spp. O controle é complexo porque existem inúmeras vias pelas quais essa bactéria pode contaminar a carne de aves e derivados, com várias possibilidades ao longo da cadeia produtiva. Falhas nas condições de manejo durante a criação de frangos de corte e nos procedimentos higiênicosanitários durante as operações de abate e manipulação das carcaças influenciam na contaminação por esse microrganismo nas indústrias. Abatedouros frigoríficos de aves são altamente automatizados e, apesar dos avanços tecnológicos, a carne de frango ainda é passível de contaminação, uma vez que lotes negativos podem se tornar positivos para Salmonella spp. devido a contaminação cruzada provocada por lotes infectados abatidos no mesmo dia ou devido à utilização de equipamentos e utensílios compartilhados. O extravasamento de conteúdo gastrointestinal durante a evisceração é a principal fonte de contaminação das carcaças por Salmonella spp. nos abatedouros. Na presente revisão, foram abordados aspectos gerais sobre o gênero Salmonella spp., com ênfase nas etapas do processamento de aves que propiciam contaminação de carcaças e nas respectivas estratégias que visam à mitigação do risco de veiculação desse microrganismo, considerando também a legislação pertinente.(AU)

Poultry meat and its derivatives are the main food involved in foodborne outbreaks due to the risk of transmitting Salmonella spp. The control is complex because there are several routes in which this bacterium can contaminate poultry meat, with several possibilities along the production chain. Failures in handling conditions during the rearing of broilers and in hygienic-sanitary procedures during slaughter steps and handling of carcasses in industries influence the contamination by this microorganism. Poultry slaughterhouses are highly automated and, despite technological advances, poultry meat is still susceptible to contamination mainly due the fact that negative animals can become contaminated with Salmonella spp. due cross contamination with infected animals when slaughtered at the same day or due the use of contaminated equipment and utensils. The extravasation of gastrointestinal content during evisceration is the main source of contamination of carcasses with Salmonella spp. in poultry slaughterhouses. In this review, general aspects about the genus Salmonella spp. were addressed, with emphasis on the stages of poultry processing that allow contamination of carcasses and the respective strategies used to mitigate the risk of transmitting this microorganism considering the relevant legislation.(AU)

Predicting the carcass characteristics of Morada Nova lambs using biometric measurements

The objective of this work was to use biometric measurements to predict carcass characteristics of lambs of the Morada Nova breed. We used 48 lambs with mean initial body weight (BW) of 15.0±0.04 kg and slaughter body weight (SBW) of 26.37±2.43 kg. The animals were weighed weekly and underwent a period of adaptation of 15 days before slaughter. The biometric measurements were obtained the day before slaughter, comprising body length, withers height, rump height, thigh length, breast width, rump width, thigh perimeter, rump perimeter, thorax perimeter, leg length, and body condition score. Additional measurements included slaughter BW and empty BW (EBW). The data recorded at slaughter comprised the weights of the viscera, carcass, and internal fat and offal. The in vivo measurements of body length were present in most of the equations for predicting the SBW, EBW, hot carcass weight (HCW), and cold carcass weight (CCW). The SBW and EBW presented a variation of approximately 9%. The variables that evaluated the carcass, HCW, and CCW demonstrated less data variation than SBW and EBW, which was probably because these measurements were obtained following evisceration and skinning, thus removing factors of more significant variation in vivo . The prediction models found in the present study varied with an R² of 0.49-0.93, indicating high levels of variation. In sum, biometric measurements can be used to predict the carcass characteristics of Morada Nova lambs with different body conditions.(AU)

Lesions of the sheep reproductive system found in a slaughterhouse in the state of Bahia, Brazil / Lesões do sistema reprodutor em ovelhas de abatedouros frigoríficos no estado da Bahia

The present study aimed to evaluate and diagnose pathologies of the reproductive system of slaughtered sheep in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia since there are few data on the subject as well as it is important to note the diagnosis of these diseases to apply appropriate control and prophylaxis measures. The research was carried out in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia according to the "Serviço de Inspeção Federal" and "Serviço de Inspeção Estadual" for sheep slaughter. From July 2018 to February 2019, visits and monitoring of 1,072 slaughtered sheep were carried out. The animals came from 22 municipalities in the state of Bahia, aged from six to 18 months. During slaughter, the sheep reproductive systems were sectioned for evisceration and lesion collection. Additionally, epidemiological surveys related to origin, age, and race were obtained. For bacteriological examination, collections were performed with sterile scalpel slides and swabs in Stuart medium sterile tubes and refrigerated in a thermal box. For histopathological analysis, fragments were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and routinely processed for histology, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). A study of the sheep's main pathological changes in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia was carried out, in which 1.072 genital systems were evaluated, and 211 alterations were identified. The most affected reproductive organs were the ovaries (65.3%), followed by the uterus (29.4%) and uterine tubes (5.3%). In the ovaries, the most frequent lesion was a follicular cyst (34.1%); in the fallopian tubes, the cysts represented 3.3% of the lesions, and in the womb, endometritis was observed in 9% of the animals. Other pathologies identified in the ovaries were: luteinized cyst (2.3%); cystic granulosa cell tumor (0.5%); benign lesion (0.5%); agenesis unilateral (0.5%), in addition to other changes of little clinical significance, such as corpus luteum cysts (11.8%) and paraovarian cysts (15.6%). In the fallopian tubes, hydrosalpinx was observed (1%), as well as adenoma (0.5%), agenesis (0.5%), and cysts (3.3%). Uterine lesions included hydrometra (2.3%); Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia (CEH), abscess, and pyometra (1.4% each); adenomyosis, womb sera petechiae, and total segmental aplasia (1% each); two pregnant uterus, in early pregnancy, presented pyometra (0.9%), however, no change was observed in the fetuses; and uterine polyp (0.5%). Ectopic pregnancy with fetal maceration (0.5%) was observed; vaginitis occurred in 0.5% of the animals, and endometrial melanosis in 8.5%. The high incidence of follicular cysts and endometritis are characterized as diseases that reduce the reproductive efficiency in herds, causing infertility and economic losses in production.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e diagnosticar alterações do sistema reprodutor de ovelhas abatidas em abatedouros frigoríficos no estado da Bahia. A pesquisa foi realizada em abatedouros frigoríficos do estado da Bahia com Serviços de Inspeção Federal e Estadual no abate de ovinos. No período de julho de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019 foram realizadas visitas e acompanhamento do abate de 1.072 ovelhas. Os animais eram provenientes de 22 municípios do estado da Bahia, com idade entre 6 a 18 meses. Durante o abate, na evisceração foram seccionados os sistemas reprodutores das ovelhas para avaliação e coleta das lesões. Adicionalmente foram obtidos inquéritos epidemiológicos relacionados à procedência, idade e raça. Para o exame bacteriológico, as coletas foram realizadas com lâminas de bisturi estéreis e swabs em tubos estéreis com meio Stuart e refrigeradas em caixa térmica. Para análise histopatológica, os fragmentos foram fixados em formol a 10% e processados de forma rotineira para histologia e corados pela hematoxilina e eosina (HE). Entre 1.072 sistemas genitais avaliados, identificou-se 211 alterações. Os órgãos do sistema reprodutor mais acometidos foram os ovários (65,3%), útero (29,4%) e tubas uterinas (5,3%). Nos ovários, a lesão mais frequente foi o cisto folicular (34,1%); no útero a endometrite (9%) e nas tubas uterinas, os cistos representaram (3,3%). Outras lesões identificadas nos ovários foram: cisto luteinizado (2,3%); tumor de células da granulosa (0,5%); adenoma (0,5%); agenesia unilateral (0,5%), além de outras alterações de pouco significado clínico, como cistos paraovarianos (15,6%) e corpo lúteo cístico (11,8%). Nas tubas uterinas observou-se, além dos cistos tubo-ovarianos (3,3%), hidrossalpinge (1%), adenoma (0,5%) e agenesia (0,5%). As lesões uterinas foram endometrite (9%), hidrometra (2,3%); hiperplasia endometrial cística, abscesso e piometra (1,4% cada); adenomiose, petéquias na serosa do útero e aplasia segmentar (1% cada); dois úteros gravídicos, em início de gestação, apresentaram piometra (0,9%), porém os fetos não apresentaram alterações; e pólipo uterino (0,5%). Observou-se uma gestação ectópica com maceração fetal (0,5%); a vaginite ocorreu em 0,5%, e melanose endometrial em 8,5%. Destaca-se a elevada incidência de cistos foliculares e endometrite que são doenças que reduzem a eficiência reprodutiva dos rebanhos, provocando infertilidade e perdas econômicas na produção.(AU)

Lesions of the sheep reproductive system found in a slaughterhouse in the state of Bahia, Brazil / Lesões do sistema reprodutor em ovelhas de abatedouros frigoríficos no estado da Bahia

The present study aimed to evaluate and diagnose pathologies of the reproductive system of slaughtered sheep in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia since there are few data on the subject as well as it is important to note the diagnosis of these diseases to apply appropriate control and prophylaxis measures. The research was carried out in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia according to the "Serviço de Inspeção Federal" and "Serviço de Inspeção Estadual" for sheep slaughter. From July 2018 to February 2019, visits and monitoring of 1,072 slaughtered sheep were carried out. The animals came from 22 municipalities in the state of Bahia, aged from six to 18 months. During slaughter, the sheep reproductive systems were sectioned for evisceration and lesion collection. Additionally, epidemiological surveys related to origin, age, and race were obtained. For bacteriological examination, collections were performed with sterile scalpel slides and swabs in Stuart medium sterile tubes and refrigerated in a thermal box. For histopathological analysis, fragments were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and routinely processed for histology, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). A study of the sheep's main pathological changes in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia was carried out, in which 1.072 genital systems were evaluated, and 211 alterations were identified. The most affected reproductive organs were the ovaries (65.3%), followed by the uterus (29.4%) and uterine tubes (5.3%). In the ovaries, the most frequent lesion was a follicular cyst (34.1%); in the fallopian tubes, the cysts represented 3.3% of the lesions, and in the womb, endometritis was observed in 9% of the animals. Other pathologies identified in the ovaries were: luteinized cyst (2.3%); cystic granulosa cell tumor (0.5%); benign lesion (0.5%); agenesis unilateral (0.5%), in addition to other changes of little clinical significance, such as corpus luteum cysts (11.8%) and paraovarian cysts (15.6%). In the fallopian tubes, hydrosalpinx was observed (1%), as well as adenoma (0.5%), agenesis (0.5%), and cysts (3.3%). Uterine lesions included hydrometra (2.3%); Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia (CEH), abscess, and pyometra (1.4% each); adenomyosis, womb sera petechiae, and total segmental aplasia (1% each); two pregnant uterus, in early pregnancy, presented pyometra (0.9%), however, no change was observed in the fetuses; and uterine polyp (0.5%). Ectopic pregnancy with fetal maceration (0.5%) was observed; vaginitis occurred in 0.5% of the animals, and endometrial melanosis in 8.5%. The high incidence of follicular cysts and endometritis are characterized as diseases that reduce the reproductive efficiency in herds, causing infertility and economic losses in production.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e diagnosticar alterações do sistema reprodutor de ovelhas abatidas em abatedouros frigoríficos no estado da Bahia. A pesquisa foi realizada em abatedouros frigoríficos do estado da Bahia com Serviços de Inspeção Federal e Estadual no abate de ovinos. No período de julho de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019 foram realizadas visitas e acompanhamento do abate de 1.072 ovelhas. Os animais eram provenientes de 22 municípios do estado da Bahia, com idade entre 6 a 18 meses. Durante o abate, na evisceração foram seccionados os sistemas reprodutores das ovelhas para avaliação e coleta das lesões. Adicionalmente foram obtidos inquéritos epidemiológicos relacionados à procedência, idade e raça. Para o exame bacteriológico, as coletas foram realizadas com lâminas de bisturi estéreis e swabs em tubos estéreis com meio Stuart e refrigeradas em caixa térmica. Para análise histopatológica, os fragmentos foram fixados em formol a 10% e processados de forma rotineira para histologia e corados pela hematoxilina e eosina (HE). Entre 1.072 sistemas genitais avaliados, identificou-se 211 alterações. Os órgãos do sistema reprodutor mais acometidos foram os ovários (65,3%), útero (29,4%) e tubas uterinas (5,3%). Nos ovários, a lesão mais frequente foi o cisto folicular (34,1%); no útero a endometrite (9%) e nas tubas uterinas, os cistos representaram (3,3%). Outras lesões identificadas nos ovários foram: cisto luteinizado (2,3%); tumor de células da granulosa (0,5%); adenoma (0,5%); agenesia unilateral (0,5%), além de outras alterações de pouco significado clínico, como cistos paraovarianos (15,6%) e corpo lúteo cístico (11,8%). Nas tubas uterinas observou-se, além dos cistos tubo-ovarianos (3,3%), hidrossalpinge (1%), adenoma (0,5%) e agenesia (0,5%). As lesões uterinas foram endometrite (9%), hidrometra (2,3%); hiperplasia endometrial cística, abscesso e piometra (1,4% cada); adenomiose, petéquias na serosa do útero e aplasia segmentar (1% cada); dois úteros gravídicos, em início de gestação, apresentaram piometra (0,9%), porém os fetos não apresentaram alterações; e pólipo uterino (0,5%). Observou-se uma gestação ectópica com maceração fetal (0,5%); a vaginite ocorreu em 0,5%, e melanose endometrial em 8,5%. Destaca-se a elevada incidência de cistos foliculares e endometrite que são doenças que reduzem a eficiência reprodutiva dos rebanhos, provocando infertilidade e perdas econômicas na produção.(AU)

Evisceração de lobo pulmonar direito após ferida por mordedura de cão / Evisceration of right pulmonary lobe after dog bite injury

Background: Pneumothorax is the presence of free air in the pleural cavity. Air in the thoracic cavity causes respiratorydiscomfort, severe hypoxemia, decreased venous return, and haemodynamic instability, and it may lead to death. Pneumothorax can be triggered by wounds from firearm projectiles, bladed weapons, or sharp or piercing objects, as well asbites and barotrauma. The diagnosis of open pneumothorax is based on anamnesis, in combination with clinical signsobserved on physical examination. The objective of this report is to discuss the relevance of clinical-surgical managementto adequately treat evisceration of the pulmonary lobe caused by a bite in the thoracic region of a female dog.Case: This report discusses a 15-year-old female canine weighing approximately six kg with a history of wounds in thethoracic region and respiratory difficulty after being bitten by another dog. On clinical examination, she presented with abruised wound in the right thoracic region and another in the scapular region. The examination revealed evisceration of theright cranial lung lobe, which exhibited atelectasis. The animal was immediately referred to the Surgical Center. Anaesthesia was induced using propofol 2.0 mg/kg combined with ketamine hydrochloride 2.0 mg/kg, followed by intubation andmaintenance under inhalation anaesthesia with isoflurane and 100% oxygen and fentanyl 2.5 mcg/kg every 15 min. Thetemperature, non-invasive blood pressure, cardiac and respiratory frequency, pulse oximetry, capnography and electrocardiogram were monitored. Tricotomy and antisepsis of the wound were performed with 0.9% NaCl and 2% chlorhexidine.The eviscerated pulmonary lobe was immersed in saline solution, and positive pressure insufflation was performed in theinhalation circuit to verify the presence of perforation of the eviscerated lung, which was not observed. The lobe was repositioned in the correct anatomical location in the thoracic region...

Evisceração de lobo pulmonar direito após ferida por mordedura de cão / Evisceration of right pulmonary lobe after dog bite injury

Background: Pneumothorax is the presence of free air in the pleural cavity. Air in the thoracic cavity causes respiratorydiscomfort, severe hypoxemia, decreased venous return, and haemodynamic instability, and it may lead to death. Pneumothorax can be triggered by wounds from firearm projectiles, bladed weapons, or sharp or piercing objects, as well asbites and barotrauma. The diagnosis of open pneumothorax is based on anamnesis, in combination with clinical signsobserved on physical examination. The objective of this report is to discuss the relevance of clinical-surgical managementto adequately treat evisceration of the pulmonary lobe caused by a bite in the thoracic region of a female dog.Case: This report discusses a 15-year-old female canine weighing approximately six kg with a history of wounds in thethoracic region and respiratory difficulty after being bitten by another dog. On clinical examination, she presented with abruised wound in the right thoracic region and another in the scapular region. The examination revealed evisceration of theright cranial lung lobe, which exhibited atelectasis. The animal was immediately referred to the Surgical Center. Anaesthesia was induced using propofol 2.0 mg/kg combined with ketamine hydrochloride 2.0 mg/kg, followed by intubation andmaintenance under inhalation anaesthesia with isoflurane and 100% oxygen and fentanyl 2.5 mcg/kg every 15 min. Thetemperature, non-invasive blood pressure, cardiac and respiratory frequency, pulse oximetry, capnography and electrocardiogram were monitored. Tricotomy and antisepsis of the wound were performed with 0.9% NaCl and 2% chlorhexidine.The eviscerated pulmonary lobe was immersed in saline solution, and positive pressure insufflation was performed in theinhalation circuit to verify the presence of perforation of the eviscerated lung, which was not observed. The lobe was repositioned in the correct anatomical location in the thoracic region...(AU)

Contamination of pigs by Yersinia enterocolitica in the abattoir flowchart and its relation to the farm / Contaminação de suínos por Yersinia enterocolitica no fluxograma de abate e sua relação com a granja

The research intends to detect sources of contamination by Yersinia enterocolitica in the abattoir flowchart and endeavors to study its relation with the contamination in the farm. For this purpose, sixty pigs were followed up. In order to carry out the study, samples of faeces were collected from the animal farm, where the animals were originally kept and from the abattoir, directly from the animals rectum, after desensitization. Additionally, samples were also collected from the carcass, after passage into the hair removal machine, after evisceration, prior to entry into the cold chambre, from the jowls, and water of the scald tank, before the commencement of the abattoir as well as after the passage of the animals. Further, the isolates were obtained through microbiological analyzes, upon being identified by PCR and compared via rep-PCR. Basically, Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from three bays in the original farm (20 %) and from 20 samples (6.67 %), obtained in the abattoir flowchart. Comparison made via rep-PCR revealed that the contaminated pigs on the farm could carry the microorganism to different points in the abattoir flowchart. However, apart from the farm, other sources of the contamination were reported to be more frequent and diverse. Indeed, the chins and the carcass at the entrance of the cold chamber were identified as the most critical points. Therefore, we concluded that Y. enterocolitica present in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs on the farm, cannot be eliminated throughout theabattoir flowchart and remain in the chambers intended for the cold room.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar fontes de contaminação por Yersinia enterocolitica no fluxograma de abate e sua relação com a contaminação na granja. Sessenta suínos foram acompanhados. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes dos animais na granja de origem e durante o abate, diretamente do reto, após a insensibilização. Também foram coletadas amostras da carcaça após a passagem na depiladeira, após a evisceração, antes da entrada na câmara fria, da papada e da água do tanque de escaldagem antes de iniciar o abate e após a passagem dos animais. Os isolados foram obtidos através de análises microbiológicas, identificados por PCR e comparados através de rep-PCR. Yersinia enterocolitica foi isolada de três baias na granja de origem (20%) e de 20 amostras (6,67%) obtidas no fluxograma de abate. Após a rep-PCR, observou-se que os suínos contaminados na granja podem carrear o micro-organismo para diferentes pontos do fluxograma de abate. No entanto, outras fontes de contaminação que não a granja são mais frequentes e diversas. A papada e a carcaça na entrada da câmara fria são os pontos mais críticos. Conclui-se que Y. enterocolitica presente no trato gastrointestinal de suínos na granja pode não ser eliminada ao longo de todo o fluxograma de abate e permanecer na carcaça destinada à câmara fria.(AU)

Achados anatomopatológicos em serpente Boa constrictor vítima de atropelamento / Anatomopathological findings in snake Boa constrictor victim of run over

Acidentes automobilísticos em animais silvestres são cada vez mais comuns. Isso acontece devido ao aparecimento desses animais em áreas urbanas, como consequência da perda de seu habitat natural, que sofre influências do homem, como o desmatamento e o uso econômico dessas áreas. O presente relato descreve o caso de uma jiboia (Boa constrictor) de vida livre, vítima de atropelamento, e seus achados anatomopatológicos decorrentes do acidente. Na necropsia foi observado na região lateral uma laceração na pele de aproximadamente 6 cm de comprimento. Além disso, havia evisceração de segmento de alças intestinais. No subcutâneo e na musculatura evidenciou-se áreas multifocais de hemorragia, e as costelas estavam fraturadas. Ressalta-se a importância da preservação dessas espécies, através de medidas que minimizem as chances de ocorrência de acidentes causados pelo homem, que repercutem na queda da biodiversidade.

Automobile accidents in wild animals are becoming more common. This is due to the appearance of these animals in urban areas as a consequence of the loss of their natural habitat, which is influenced by human, such as deforestation and the economic use of these areas. The present report describes the case of a jiboia (Boa constrictor) victim of trampling and his anatomopathological findings resulting from the accident. At the necropsy a laceration in the skin of approximately 6 cm in length was observed in the lateral region. In addition, there was evisceration of segment of intestinal loops. In the subcutaneous and in the musculature multifocal areas of hemorrhage were evidenced, and the ribs were fractured. The importance of the preservation of these species is emphasized through measures that minimize the chances of human-induced accidents, which affect the decline of biodiversity.

Deformities in reared cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. and grouper, Epinephelus marginatus, in São Paulo state coast, Brazil: case report / Deformidades em cobias, Rachycentron canadum L, e garoupas, Epinephelus marginatus, cultivadas na costa do estado de São Paulo, Brasil: relato de caso

Skeletal deformities are frequent problems in cultured fish populations due mainly to unfavorable abiotic conditions, inappropriate nutrition, and genetic factors. These may cause erratic swimming, decrease of conversion rate, growth, and market value. The aim of this case report was to present the occurrence of deformities in juvenile cobia and groupers from an offshore marine farm in Ilhabela, São Paulo, Brazil. Nine cobias and seven juvenile groupers, that presented deformities, were euthanized and fixed in 10% formaldehyde. They were tagged, processed, and stained with "Alcian Blue" (AB) and "Alizarin Red-S" (ARS) for visualization of cartilage and bone tissue, respectively. After evisceration, radiographic examination was performed. The deformities observed in cobia were atrophy of the operculum, disorganization of the gill lamellae, deformity of the lower jaw, kyphosis, and scoliosis. Groupers presented lower jaw deformity and saddleback syndrome. The farm studied in this case report had poor management standards, fed commercial feed for freshwater herbivorous fish and cooked sardines, high inbreeding and absence of adequately trained professionals to manage these species. The sum of these factors must have directly influenced the appearance of these deformities. It is necessary to control this situation to minimize the incidence of malformations that have economic impacts to farmers.(AU)

As deformidades esqueléticas são problemas frequentes em populações de peixes cultivados devido, principalmente, a condições abióticas desfavoráveis, nutrição inapropriada e fatores genéticos. Estas podem causar natação errática, diminuição do índice de conversão, do crescimento e do valor no mercado. O objetivo deste relato de caso foi apresentar a ocorrência de deformidades em cobias e garoupas juvenis provenientes de uma fazenda marinha em sistema offshore, em Ilhabela, São Paulo, Brasil. Nove cobias e sete garoupas juvenis, que apresentavam deformidades, foram sujeitos à eutanásia e fixados em formol a 10%. Os espécimes foram registrados, processados e corados com "Alcian Blue" (AB) e "Alizarin Red-S" (ARS) para visualização de tecido cartilaginoso e ósseo, respectivamente. Os peixes foram eviscerados para o exame radiográfico. As deformidades observadas em cobia foram: atrofia do opérculo, desorganização das lamelas branquiais, deformidade do maxilar inferior, cifose e escoliose. As garoupas apresentaram deformidade do maxilar inferior e síndrome de Saddleback. Os peixes deste relato de caso estiveram sob manejo deficiente, alimentados com ração comercial para peixes herbívoros de água doce e sardinhas cozinhadas, alta consanguinidade e ausência de profissionais adequadamente treinados para o manejo dessas espécies. A soma desses fatores influenciou diretamente na aparição dessas deformidades, precisando ser controlados para minimizar a incidência de malformações que tenham impacto econômico para os produtores.(AU)

Deformities in reared cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. and grouper, Epinephelus marginatus, in São Paulo state coast, Brazil: case report / Deformidades em cobias, Rachycentron canadum L, e garoupas, Epinephelus marginatus, cultivadas na costa do estado de São Paulo, Brasil: relato de caso

Skeletal deformities are frequent problems in cultured fish populations due mainly to unfavorable abiotic conditions, inappropriate nutrition, and genetic factors. These may cause erratic swimming, decrease of conversion rate, growth, and market value. The aim of this case report was to present the occurrence of deformities in juvenile cobia and groupers from an offshore marine farm in Ilhabela, São Paulo, Brazil. Nine cobias and seven juvenile groupers, that presented deformities, were euthanized and fixed in 10% formaldehyde. They were tagged, processed, and stained with "Alcian Blue" (AB) and "Alizarin Red-S" (ARS) for visualization of cartilage and bone tissue, respectively. After evisceration, radiographic examination was performed. The deformities observed in cobia were atrophy of the operculum, disorganization of the gill lamellae, deformity of the lower jaw, kyphosis, and scoliosis. Groupers presented lower jaw deformity and saddleback syndrome. The farm studied in this case report had poor management standards, fed commercial feed for freshwater herbivorous fish and cooked sardines, high inbreeding and absence of adequately trained professionals to manage these species. The sum of these factors must have directly influenced the appearance of these deformities. It is necessary to control this situation to minimize the incidence of malformations that have economic impacts to farmers.(AU)

As deformidades esqueléticas são problemas frequentes em populações de peixes cultivados devido, principalmente, a condições abióticas desfavoráveis, nutrição inapropriada e fatores genéticos. Estas podem causar natação errática, diminuição do índice de conversão, do crescimento e do valor no mercado. O objetivo deste relato de caso foi apresentar a ocorrência de deformidades em cobias e garoupas juvenis provenientes de uma fazenda marinha em sistema offshore, em Ilhabela, São Paulo, Brasil. Nove cobias e sete garoupas juvenis, que apresentavam deformidades, foram sujeitos à eutanásia e fixados em formol a 10%. Os espécimes foram registrados, processados e corados com "Alcian Blue" (AB) e "Alizarin Red-S" (ARS) para visualização de tecido cartilaginoso e ósseo, respectivamente. Os peixes foram eviscerados para o exame radiográfico. As deformidades observadas em cobia foram: atrofia do opérculo, desorganização das lamelas branquiais, deformidade do maxilar inferior, cifose e escoliose. As garoupas apresentaram deformidade do maxilar inferior e síndrome de Saddleback. Os peixes deste relato de caso estiveram sob manejo deficiente, alimentados com ração comercial para peixes herbívoros de água doce e sardinhas cozinhadas, alta consanguinidade e ausência de profissionais adequadamente treinados para o manejo dessas espécies. A soma desses fatores influenciou diretamente na aparição dessas deformidades, precisando ser controlados para minimizar a incidência de malformações que tenham impacto econômico para os produtores.(AU)

Achados anatomopatológicos em serpente Boa constrictor vítima de atropelamento / Anatomopathological findings in snake Boa constrictor victim of run over

Acidentes automobilísticos em animais silvestres são cada vez mais comuns. Isso acontece devido ao aparecimento desses animais em áreas urbanas, como consequência da perda de seu habitat natural, que sofre influências do homem, como o desmatamento e o uso econômico dessas áreas. O presente relato descreve o caso de uma jiboia (Boa constrictor) de vida livre, vítima de atropelamento, e seus achados anatomopatológicos decorrentes do acidente. Na necropsia foi observado na região lateral uma laceração na pele de aproximadamente 6 cm de comprimento. Além disso, havia evisceração de segmento de alças intestinais. No subcutâneo e na musculatura evidenciou-se áreas multifocais de hemorragia, e as costelas estavam fraturadas. Ressalta-se a importância da preservação dessas espécies, através de medidas que minimizem as chances de ocorrência de acidentes causados pelo homem, que repercutem na queda da biodiversidade.(AU)

Automobile accidents in wild animals are becoming more common. This is due to the appearance of these animals in urban areas as a consequence of the loss of their natural habitat, which is influenced by human, such as deforestation and the economic use of these areas. The present report describes the case of a jiboia (Boa constrictor) victim of trampling and his anatomopathological findings resulting from the accident. At the necropsy a laceration in the skin of approximately 6 cm in length was observed in the lateral region. In addition, there was evisceration of segment of intestinal loops. In the subcutaneous and in the musculature multifocal areas of hemorrhage were evidenced, and the ribs were fractured. The importance of the preservation of these species is emphasized through measures that minimize the chances of human-induced accidents, which affect the decline of biodiversity.(AU)

Pocilgas de espera como fonte de contaminação por Staphylococcus coagulase positiva de suínos destinados ao abate / Holding pens as sources of contamination of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus to pigs waiting for slaughter

Background: Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcus (SCP) are important pathogens related to foodborne illness associated with pork consumption. The isolation of SCP from pork products has been reported in several countries, including Brazil. Therefore, the identification of the sources of contamination of the pork products is fundamental to ensure the food safety. Although the animals remain in the holding pens during the pre-slaughter, these facilities have not been studied as a possible source of contamination for pigs. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of holding pens as sources of contamination of SCP to pigs and to identify other sources in the slaughter flowchart.Materials, Methods & Results: It was followed four pigs from ten different lots sent to slaughter. Prior to slaughter, samples were collected from the floors of the holding pens in the slaughterhouse. During slaughter, samples from seven different points were collected: 1) stool from the rectum immediately after stunning; 2) external surface of the carcass after dehairing; 3) internal surface of the carcass after evisceration; 4) external surface of the half-carcass prior to entry into the cold chamber; 5) tongue surface; 6) jowls; and 7) mesenteric lymph nodes. The strains were obtained through microbiological analysis. To compare the similarity between the strains, rep-PCR was performed. Of the ten samples collected in the holding pens, four (40%) were contaminated with SCP. At slaughter, 280 samples were collected and 56 (20%) SCP isolates were obtained. The lymph nodes were the point of greatest isolation (19.6%), followed by the surface of the carcass at the entrance to the cold chamber (17.8%), the rectum after desensitization (16.1%), carcass surface after opening of the abdominal cavity (16.1%), jowls (12.5%), carcass surface after dehairing (8.9%) and tongue surface (8.9%).[...]

Pocilgas de espera como fonte de contaminação por Staphylococcus coagulase positiva de suínos destinados ao abate / Holding pens as sources of contamination of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus to pigs waiting for slaughter

Background: Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcus (SCP) are important pathogens related to foodborne illness associated with pork consumption. The isolation of SCP from pork products has been reported in several countries, including Brazil. Therefore, the identification of the sources of contamination of the pork products is fundamental to ensure the food safety. Although the animals remain in the holding pens during the pre-slaughter, these facilities have not been studied as a possible source of contamination for pigs. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of holding pens as sources of contamination of SCP to pigs and to identify other sources in the slaughter flowchart.Materials, Methods & Results: It was followed four pigs from ten different lots sent to slaughter. Prior to slaughter, samples were collected from the floors of the holding pens in the slaughterhouse. During slaughter, samples from seven different points were collected: 1) stool from the rectum immediately after stunning; 2) external surface of the carcass after dehairing; 3) internal surface of the carcass after evisceration; 4) external surface of the half-carcass prior to entry into the cold chamber; 5) tongue surface; 6) jowls; and 7) mesenteric lymph nodes. The strains were obtained through microbiological analysis. To compare the similarity between the strains, rep-PCR was performed. Of the ten samples collected in the holding pens, four (40%) were contaminated with SCP. At slaughter, 280 samples were collected and 56 (20%) SCP isolates were obtained. The lymph nodes were the point of greatest isolation (19.6%), followed by the surface of the carcass at the entrance to the cold chamber (17.8%), the rectum after desensitization (16.1%), carcass surface after opening of the abdominal cavity (16.1%), jowls (12.5%), carcass surface after dehairing (8.9%) and tongue surface (8.9%).[...](AU)