Effect of electrophysical resources on healing of neurotendinous injury in an experimental model of type I diabetes and kidney disease

Purpose: To evaluate and describe the effect of electrophysical resources laser therapy (LLLT), intravascular laser blood irradiation (ILIB), and cryotherapy on the healing process of neurotendinous injury, as well as possible systemic changes, in the experimental model of type 1 diabetes associated with kidney injury. Methods: The animals were randomized into four groups: G1) healthy control with untreated injury; G2) healthy control with injury and treatment; G3) disease control with untreated lesion; G4) disease with injury and treatment. Furthermore, the treated groups were divided into three, according to the type of treatment. All animals were induced to neurotendinous injury and treated according to the therapeutic protocols. Healing and inflammation were analyzed by semiquantitative histopathological study. Results: It was observed in sick animals treated with cryotherapy and ILIB reduction of inflammatory exudate, presence of fibroblasts and organization of collagen, when compared to the effects of LLLT. Moreover, there was reduction in glycemic levels in the group treated with ILIB. Conclusions: Cryotherapy promoted reduction in inflammatory exudate and organization of collagen fibers, in addition to the absence of signs of tissue necrosis, in the groups treated with and without the disease. ILIB therapy showed the same findings associated with significant reduction in glycemic levels in the group of diseased animals. The application of LLLT showed increased inflammatory exudate, low organization of collagen fibers and low sign of tissue degeneration and necrosis. This study in a model of associated diseases (diabetes and kidney disease) whose effects of electrophysical resources studied after neurotendinous injury allows us to verify histopathological variables suggestive of patients with the same comorbidities.

Effects of bovine enterovirus and type 1 diabetes on liver and kidney pyruvate kinase activity in an animal model

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of pancreatic beta cells. In addition to genetic factors, enteroviruses have been considered the main environmental factor involved in this pathology. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and bovine enterovirus (BEV) on liver and kidney pyruvate kinase activity in rats. Fourteen male Wistar rats were divided in three groups: control, diabetes and a third group, which was fed with water experimentally contaminated by BEV. Increased blood glucose levels were found in both diabetes and enterovirus groups, whereas there were no alterations in the lipid profile. A reduced pyruvate kinase activity was observed in the liver and kidney of animals from diabetes and enterovirus groups. Under our experimental conditions, the ingestion of water experimentally contaminated by BEV induced alterations in glycaemia, and also interfered in the pyruvate kinase activity in liver and kidney of the rats, which might be one of the possible mechanisms involved in the T1D development.

Effects of bovine enterovirus and type 1 diabetes on liver and kidney pyruvate kinase activity in an animal model

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of pancreatic beta cells. In addition to genetic factors, enteroviruses have been considered the main environmental factor involved in this pathology. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and bovine enterovirus (BEV) on liver and kidney pyruvate kinase activity in rats. Fourteen male Wistar rats were divided in three groups: control, diabetes and a third group, which was fed with water experimentally contaminated by BEV. Increased blood glucose levels were found in both diabetes and enterovirus groups, whereas there were no alterations in the lipid profile. A reduced pyruvate kinase activity was observed in the liver and kidney of animals from diabetes and enterovirus groups. Under our experimental conditions, the ingestion of water experimentally contaminated by BEV induced alterations in glycaemia, and also interfered in the pyruvate kinase activity in liver and kidney of the rats, which might be one of the possible mechanisms involved in the T1D development.(AU)

Caracterização do perfil de pacientes com Diabetes mellitus cadastrados em uma farmácia municipal do sul do Brasil / Characterization of the profile of patients with Diabetes mellitus registered in a municipal pharmacy of south of Brazil

O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma doença crônica, grave, de evolução lenta e progressiva, que representa um sério problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o perfil dos pacientes portadores de DM cadastrados no SUS em um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, avaliando 370 processos dos pacientes registrados na farmácia municipal. Foi possível verificar que o usuário com DM caracteriza-se por ser do sexo feminino (64,6%) e prevalentemente da faixa etária acima de 60 anos e com DMT1 (69,2%). O perfil dos usuários obtido serve de embasamento para o desenvolvimento de ações institucionais e de planejamento e gestão municipais, pois as complicações de DM podem ser diminuídas através de modificações no estilo de vida.

Diabetes melitus juvenil associado à cetoacidose em gato / Juvenile Diabetes mellitus associated with ketoacidosis in a cat

Descreve-se neste relato uma forma rara de apresentação do diabetes mellitus juvenil associado ao quadro de cetoacidose diabética em gato. O animal com seis meses de idade foi atendido com histórico de poliúria, polidipsia, polifagia e perda de peso. Ao exame clínico verificou-se apatia, êmese, anorexia, depressão e ataxia. Realizou-se exames complementares (hematológicos, bioquímicos e urinálise). Os achados sanguíneos foram policitemia e leucocitose por neutrofilia. Enquanto na bioquímica observou hiperglicemia e aumento significativo nos valores das enzimas AST e ALT. Na urinálise observou-se glicosúria, cetonúria e proteinúria. Os achados clínicos e os exames laboratoriais foram fundamentais para confirmar o diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus juvenil em gato.

The present paper aimed to report a rare presentation of juvenile diabetes mellitus associated to diabetic ketoacidosis in a cat. A six-moth old crossbred cat was attended with clinical history of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and weightloss. Clinical examination revealed apathy, emesis, anorexia, depression and ataxia. Hematology revealed polycythemia and leukocytosis by neutrophilia. Biochemistry showed hyperglycemia and relevant increase in the enzyme levels of AST and ALT. In urinalysis observed glycosuria, ketonuria and proteinuria. The clinical and laboratory findings were essential to confirm the diagnosis of juvenile diabetes mellitus in a cat.

Diabetes melitus juvenil associado à cetoacidose em gato / Juvenile Diabetes mellitus associated with ketoacidosis in a cat

Descreve-se neste relato uma forma rara de apresentação do diabetes mellitus juvenil associado ao quadro de cetoacidose diabética em gato. O animal com seis meses de idade foi atendido com histórico de poliúria, polidipsia, polifagia e perda de peso. Ao exame clínico verificou-se apatia, êmese, anorexia, depressão e ataxia. Realizou-se exames complementares (hematológicos, bioquímicos e urinálise). Os achados sanguíneos foram policitemia e leucocitose por neutrofilia. Enquanto na bioquímica observou hiperglicemia e aumento significativo nos valores das enzimas AST e ALT. Na urinálise observou-se glicosúria, cetonúria e proteinúria. Os achados clínicos e os exames laboratoriais foram fundamentais para confirmar o diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus juvenil em gato.(AU)

The present paper aimed to report a rare presentation of juvenile diabetes mellitus associated to diabetic ketoacidosis in a cat. A six-moth old crossbred cat was attended with clinical history of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and weightloss. Clinical examination revealed apathy, emesis, anorexia, depression and ataxia. Hematology revealed polycythemia and leukocytosis by neutrophilia. Biochemistry showed hyperglycemia and relevant increase in the enzyme levels of AST and ALT. In urinalysis observed glycosuria, ketonuria and proteinuria. The clinical and laboratory findings were essential to confirm the diagnosis of juvenile diabetes mellitus in a cat.(AU)

Enterovirus infections and type 1 diabetes mellitus: is there any relationship?

Several health organizations have classified diabetes mellitus, a metabolic syndrome, as the epidemic of the century, since it affects millions of people worldwide and is one of the top ten causes of death. Type 1 diabetes is considered to be an autoimmune disease, in which autoaggressive T cells infiltrate the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, leading to the destruction of insulin producing beta cells. The risk of the disease is modulated by genetic factors, mainly genes coding for human leukocyte antigens (HLA). However, the incidence of this disease has increased significantly during the recent decades, which cannot be explained only by genetic factors. Environmental perturbations have also been associated to the development of diabetes. Among these factors, viral triggers have been implicated; particularly enteroviruses, which have been associated to the induction of the disease. Supporting the hypothesis, numerous lines of evidence coming from mouse models and patients with this type of diabetes have shown the association. The present review aims to provide some understanding of how type 1 diabetes occurs and the possible role of enterovirus in this pathology.(AU)

Levan from Bacillus subtilis Natto: its effects in normal and in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

Levan is an exopolysaccharide of fructose primarily linked by β-(2→6) glycosidic bonds with some β-(2→1) branched chains. Due to its chemical properties, levan has possible applications in both the food and pharmaceutical industries. Bacillus subtilis is a promising industrial levan producer, as it ferments sucrose and has a high levan-formation capacity. A new strain of B. subtilis was recently isolated from Japanese food natto, and it has produced levan in large quantities. For future pharmaceutical applications, this study aimed to investigate the effects of levan produced by B. subtilis Natto, mainly as potential hypoglycemic agent, (previously optimized with a molecular weight equal to 72.37 and 4,146 kDa) in Wistar male rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin and non-diabetic rats and to monitor their plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. After 15 days of experimentation, the animals were sacrificed, and their blood samples were analyzed. The results, compared using analysis of variance, demonstrated that for this type of levan, a hypoglycemic effect was not observed, as there was no improvement of diabetes symptoms during the experiment. However, levan did not affect any studied parameters in normal rats, indicating that the exopolysaccharide can be used for other purposes.(AU)

Transient bilateral diabetic cataracts in a Brazilian Terrier puppy

A case of a Brazilian Terrier puppy presenting diabetic lens opacity that restored transparency after insulin therapy and control of blood glucose levels is reported. This entity has been rarely reported in human beings and has not been reported in dogs before. The rapid glycemic control may have been responsible for the transparency recovery.

Relata-se o caso de um cão jovem, terrier brasileiro, apresentando opacidade lenticular diabética bilateral, a qual regrediu, sendo reassumida a transparência do cristalino após a terapia com insulina e controle dos níveis glicêmicos. Essa afecção tem sido reportada raramente em indivíduos da espécie humana, mas não há relatos de sua ocorrência em cães. O rápido controle glicêmico pode ter sido o responsável pela recuperação da transparência.

Transient bilateral diabetic cataracts in a Brazilian Terrier puppy

A case of a Brazilian Terrier puppy presenting diabetic lens opacity that restored transparency after insulin therapy and control of blood glucose levels is reported. This entity has been rarely reported in human beings and has not been reported in dogs before. The rapid glycemic control may have been responsible for the transparency recovery.

Relata-se o caso de um cão jovem, terrier brasileiro, apresentando opacidade lenticular diabética bilateral, a qual regrediu, sendo reassumida a transparência do cristalino após a terapia com insulina e controle dos níveis glicêmicos. Essa afecção tem sido reportada raramente em indivíduos da espécie humana, mas não há relatos de sua ocorrência em cães. O rápido controle glicêmico pode ter sido o responsável pela recuperação da transparência.