Carcinoma hepatocelular metastático em Amazona aestiva / Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in Amazona aestiva

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary malignant tumor of the liver tissue and its occurrence in birds is considered rare. The tumor can occur as a single mass leading to hepatomegaly, or as multiple nodules in the liver. In animals of the genus Amazona, only 1 case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported in the United States, therefore, little is known about its epidemiology and clinicopathological aspects in these species. In this context, the aim of this work was to describe a case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in an Amazona aestiva. Case: A blue-fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) was referred to necropsy after being found dead in its enclosure. On examination, it presented cachectic body score. Examination of the coelomic cavity, revealed a serous translucent fluid and adhesions between the liver and peritoneum.A red mass restricted to the right hepatic lobe and raised to the capsular surface, interspersed with whitish and dark red multifocal areas was observed. When cut, this mass was soft, protruding, multilobulated, whitish and with a friable reddish center. Additionally, on the dorsal surface of the left lung lobe, there was a rounded, well defined, whitish, and soft nodule. Microscopically, partial replacement of the hepatic parenchyma was observed by neoplastic proliferation of cuboidal epithelial cells, organized in mantle and supported by a scarce fibrovascular stroma. Cells have large, eosinophilic, well-delimited cytoplasm, with a central, oval nucleus, loose chromatin, and evident nucleolus. Moderate pleomorphism was characterized by anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and aberrant nuclei. In the lung, a focally extensive mass with a pattern similar to that seen in the liver was observed. In the kidney, multifocal neoplastic emboli were noted. Liver immunohistochemistry was performed. Positive and negative controls were used to validate the reaction; however, there was no immunolabelling for the evaluated antibodies. Discussion: The histopathological characteristics observed in this study favored the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with metastasis to kidney and lung. Primary liver tumors are rare in wild birds. In ducks, experimental studies have pointed aflatoxins and the duck hepatitis B virus as oncogenic agents, however, in birds of the genus Amazona, there are no studies that evaluate predisposing factors to the development of liver carcinoma. Macroscopically, hepatocellular carcinoma may present in massive, nodular or diffuse forms. In birds, the right lobe is the largest, which may suggest that this lobe is more prone to the development of HCC, as seen in the present case. The solid form, similar to that observed in this report, seems to be more commonly observed, as seen in the wild bird reports consulted. Metastases most often spread hematogenous, and in the present report there was metastasis to kidneys and lungs, which is a common feature for this neoplasm. In the present case, there was no labeling by any of the antibodies, perhaps because of their aggressiveness, associated with autolytic factors that prevent the labeling of antibodies, in addition to the specificity in the antibodyantigen relationship. This tumor must be differentiated from other liver tumors such as cholangiocarcinoma, and also the well-differentiated hepatocellular adenoma, in addition to non-neoplastic conditions. HCC should be considered as a differential diagnosis for Amazona aestiva found dead in the enclosure without previous clinical signs. This neoplasm is rare in Amazon parrots and reports should be encouraged in order to contribute to the understanding of the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of the tumor.

Adenocarcinoma de saco anal com metástase vertebro-medular em um Cocker Spaniel / Anal sac adenocarcinoma with vertebromedullary metastasis in a Cocker Spaniel

Background: Several neoplasms can affect the perianal region, being the hepatic adenoma and the anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC), which is considered the most frequent. The ASAC is a malignant neoplasm originating from the secretory epithelium of the perianal apocrine glands and is rarely seen in veterinary medicine. The ASAC occurs mainly in adult to elderly canines with high metastasis rates. Patients may be asymptomatic or manifest discomfort and behavioral changes. In the presence of metastasis, the most frequent clinical signs are inappetence, coughing, dyspnea, and colorectal obstruction. Given this scenario, this paper aims to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic examination, and necropsy findings of a Cocker Spaniel with ASAC and metastasis in the vertebral body, spinal cord, and cauda equina. Case: A 8-year-old neutered male Cocker Spaniel (12 kg of body mass) with a clinical history of non-ambulatory paraparesis was evaluated. The patient also presented tenesmus, difficulty to defecate, and the presence of nodules in the anal sac area. On the neurological examination, asymmetrical changes compatible with injury between L4-S3 were found. A complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and imaging exams such as plain radiography, abdominal ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were requested. Blood count revealed anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis and hypercalcemia. The liver showed increased echogenicity and thickened pancreas in the abdominal US scan. A slightly heterogeneous, vascularized mass with irregular borders was identified in the topographic region of the sublumbar lymph nodes; MRI images demonstrated an expansile formation in the ventral region of the lumbosacral spine, corresponding to the sublumbar lymph nodes and interruption of the cerebrospinal fluid at L5, suggestive of compression of the spinal cord and cauda equina. A presumptive diagnosis of perianal neoplasm with metastasis was made based on the complementary exams. The dog was referred to necropsy, which revealed a 4 cm tumor in the perianal region that invaded the pelvic canal. Multifocal nodules were present on the lung surface, liver, and kidneys, suggesting metastasis. On the cross-section of the spine, one could note the presence of the tumor in the vertebral bodies, spinal cord, and cauda equina from L5 to S3. Even with histopathological evaluation of the tumor, only the immunohistochemical analysis allowed us to confirm the anal sac adenocarcinoma. Discussion: Adenomas and carcinomas are perianal gland neoplasms common in adult and elderly male dogs; the Cocker Spaniel breed is among the most affected. The clinical signs presented by the patient, such as tenesmus and difficulty in adopting the posture of defecation, are common, although neurological changes are rare. As for metastasis, carcinomas of the perianal region present high chances of metastasis to organs including the liver, kidneys, and lungs, both lymphatically and hematogenously, but few studies have related these factors to neurological alterations due to metastasis. We concluded that metastases from carcinomas to the spine must be considered a possible differential diagnosis in cases of patients presenting clinical signs that are compatible with spinal cord compression and a history of previous neoplasm.

Cholangiocarcinoma in a bitch - multimodal diagnosis

Background: Hepatic tumors of primary origin account for 0.6% to 2.9% of cases in canine species, less common than hepatic metastases. The hepatic tumors are divided into hepatocellular tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, bile duct tumors or cholangiocarcinomas, and mesenchymal tumors. Cholangiocarcinomas, are classified according to their origin, being intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or gallbladder type. Cholangiocarcinomas are considered rare in dogs and cats with a ratio of 29% to 71% compared to hepatocellular carcinomas, accounting for 9% of the hepatic tumors. The present study aims to describe a case of cholangiocarcinoma in a bitch, focusing on the diagnostic approach. Case: A 10-year-old castrated bitch Poodle was attended presenting hypoglycemia and seizure crisis. The patient had previous exams of hemogram and serum biochemical profile, showing a discrete increase of the hepatic enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), besides hypoglycemia. Previous ultrasound exam revealed the presence of a hepatic mass located between the right and square lobes, immeasurable, and significant splenomegaly. Abdominal palpation revealed the presence of immeasurable abdominal formation of undetermined origin. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT), glycemic curve, and insulin dosage were requested. Tomography exam showed an increase in hepatic volume with the presence of a heterogeneous formation in the right lateral lobe topography; increase in spleen dimensions and the presence of multiple nodules; and the presence of a nodule in the right lung, at the caudal thoracic region. The glycemic curve showed acute variations, and insulin dosage was between normal values. The animal was referred for surgery, as in abdominocentesis, it was observed the presence of hemorrhagic fluid, confirming active bleeding by ultrasonography. The owners chose for euthanasia. In the post-mortem evaluation the main lesion was confirmed of hepatic origin, with a massive, irregular, cavitary presentation, involving multiple hepatic lobes, and a single nodule was observed in the right caudal lobe of the right lung. Histopathological evaluation was considered inconclusive. Immunohistochemistry was performed and the association of the immunohistochemical profile with the morphological characteristics indicated diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Discussion: The related symptomatology, in hepatic neoplasms, is generally considered non-specific, with reports of lethargy, vomiting, dyspnea, anorexia and weight loss, however, the dog in this study presented a unique manifestation of hypoglycemia and one episode of convulsive crisis resulting from it. The clinical manifestation observed was extremely unspecific making initial diagnosis difficult. The ultrasonographic examination was effective in evidencing the abdominal mass. In addition, abdominal CT was also performed, which confirmed the hepatic origin, detailing the macroscopic aspect. Biochemical analyses of ALT and AST showed a discrete increase. Biochemical changes may occur in dogs with hepatic neoplasms, although they are not specific. Functional pancreatic beta-cell tumors producing insulin are the most common cause of paraneoplastic hypoglycemia, although in the case the insulin dosage was within normal limits. In cases of nonislet cell tumor the mechanism is frequently associated with the production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF). In most cases the definitive diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma can be obtained by histopathological examination, although in the present report the result obtained was inconclusive, requiring an immunohistochemical examination. Due to the aggressive and metastatic character of this neoplastic type, early detection becomes extremely important in order to maximize therapeutic chances, however, diagnosis may be difficult.

Primary hepatic neoplasms in cattle / Neoplasmas hepáticos primários de bovinos

Primary hepatic neoplasms are mostly detected in cattle as incidental findings in slaughterhouses or diagnosed at the necropsy, wherein it may be related to the cause of death. A proper characterization of primary hepatic neoplasms is essential to provide an accurate diagnosis, especially at the slaughter lines, in order to reduce erroneous condemnations. This work aimed to characterize the gross, histological, and immunohistochemical features of primary liver neoplasms detected in slaughtered cattle in Southern Brazil. Nineteen primary hepatic neoplasms were identified. Grossly, these lesions were classified according to their distribution, as focal, multifocal, or diffuse. Histologically, the shape and arrangement of the cells, as well as possible malignant features were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also performed for biliary epithelium (anti-CK7) and hepatocytes (anti-Hep Par-1) markers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (84.2%) was the most frequently detected hepatic neoplasm, followed by cholangiocarcinoma (15.8%), and these were only identified in adult cows. Hepatocellular carcinomas occurred as solitary masses or multifocal nodules, which on the cut surface were often green. Cholangiocarcinomas occurred as multifocal nodules, occasionally showing an umbilicated appearance. Histologically, hepatocellular carcinomas had mostly trabecular and solid patterns, while cholangiocarcinomas presented mostly a solid arrangement. Upon IHC, all hepatocellular carcinomas were immunolabeled for anti-Hep Par-1, ranging from mild (25%), moderate (31.2%) to marked (43.7%), while immunolabeling for anti-CK7 was detected only in one case of cholangiocarcinoma.(AU)

Os neoplasmas hepáticos primários são detectados em bovinos principalmente como achados incidentais em matadouros ou diagnosticados na necropsia, quando podem estar relacionados à causa da morte. A caracterização adequada dos tumores hepáticos primários é essencial para obter diagnósticos precisos, especialmente nas linhas de abate, com o propósito de reduzir condenações errôneas. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar as características macroscópicas, histológicas e imuno-histoquímicas dos neoplasmas primários do fígado de bovinos abatidos em um matadouro-frigorífico no Sul do Brasil. Dezenove neoplasias hepáticas primárias foram identificadas. Macroscopicamente, os tumores hepáticos foram classificados de acordo com sua distribuição, como focais, multifocais ou difusos. Histologicamente, a forma e o arranjo das células e possíveis características malignas foram avaliados. Também foi realizada imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) para marcadores de epitélio biliar (anti-CK7) e hepatócitos (anti-Hep Par-1). O carcinoma hepatocelular (84,2%) foi o neoplasma hepático mais frequentemente detectado, seguido pelo colangiocarcinoma (15,8%). Esses tumores foram identificados apenas em vacas adultas. Os carcinomas hepatocelulares eram vistos como massas solitárias ou nódulos multifocais que na superfície de corte geralmente eram esverdeados. Os colangiocarcinomas foram observados como nódulos multifocais, ocasionalmente com aspecto umbilicado. Histologicamente, os padrões mais observados nos carcinomas hepatocelulares foram trabeculares e sólidos, enquanto nos colangiocarcinomas o arranjo sólido foi o mais frequente. Na IHQ, todos os carcinomas hepatocelulares foram marcados por anti-Hep Par-1, com marcação que variou de leve (25%), moderada (31,2%) a acentuada (43,7%); imunomarcação para anti-CK7 foi detectada em apenas um caso de colangiocarcinoma.(AU)

Primary hepatic neoplasms in cattle / Neoplasmas hepáticos primários de bovinos

Primary hepatic neoplasms are mostly detected in cattle as incidental findings in slaughterhouses or diagnosed at the necropsy, wherein it may be related to the cause of death. A proper characterization of primary hepatic neoplasms is essential to provide an accurate diagnosis, especially at the slaughter lines, in order to reduce erroneous condemnations. This work aimed to characterize the gross, histological, and immunohistochemical features of primary liver neoplasms detected in slaughtered cattle in Southern Brazil. Nineteen primary hepatic neoplasms were identified. Grossly, these lesions were classified according to their distribution, as focal, multifocal, or diffuse. Histologically, the shape and arrangement of the cells, as well as possible malignant features were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also performed for biliary epithelium (anti-CK7) and hepatocytes (anti-Hep Par-1) markers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (84.2%) was the most frequently detected hepatic neoplasm, followed by cholangiocarcinoma (15.8%), and these were only identified in adult cows. Hepatocellular carcinomas occurred as solitary masses or multifocal nodules, which on the cut surface were often green. Cholangiocarcinomas occurred as multifocal nodules, occasionally showing an umbilicated appearance. Histologically, hepatocellular carcinomas had mostly trabecular and solid patterns, while cholangiocarcinomas presented mostly a solid arrangement. Upon IHC, all hepatocellular carcinomas were immunolabeled for anti-Hep Par-1, ranging from mild (25%), moderate (31.2%) to marked (43.7%), while immunolabeling for anti-CK7 was detected only in one case of cholangiocarcinoma.(AU)

Os neoplasmas hepáticos primários são detectados em bovinos principalmente como achados incidentais em matadouros ou diagnosticados na necropsia, quando podem estar relacionados à causa da morte. A caracterização adequada dos tumores hepáticos primários é essencial para obter diagnósticos precisos, especialmente nas linhas de abate, com o propósito de reduzir condenações errôneas. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar as características macroscópicas, histológicas e imuno-histoquímicas dos neoplasmas primários do fígado de bovinos abatidos em um matadouro-frigorífico no Sul do Brasil. Dezenove neoplasias hepáticas primárias foram identificadas. Macroscopicamente, os tumores hepáticos foram classificados de acordo com sua distribuição, como focais, multifocais ou difusos. Histologicamente, a forma e o arranjo das células e possíveis características malignas foram avaliados. Também foi realizada imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) para marcadores de epitélio biliar (anti-CK7) e hepatócitos (anti-Hep Par-1). O carcinoma hepatocelular (84,2%) foi o neoplasma hepático mais frequentemente detectado, seguido pelo colangiocarcinoma (15,8%). Esses tumores foram identificados apenas em vacas adultas. Os carcinomas hepatocelulares eram vistos como massas solitárias ou nódulos multifocais que na superfície de corte geralmente eram esverdeados. Os colangiocarcinomas foram observados como nódulos multifocais, ocasionalmente com aspecto umbilicado. Histologicamente, os padrões mais observados nos carcinomas hepatocelulares foram trabeculares e sólidos, enquanto nos colangiocarcinomas o arranjo sólido foi o mais frequente. Na IHQ, todos os carcinomas hepatocelulares foram marcados por anti-Hep Par-1, com marcação que variou de leve (25%), moderada (31,2%) a acentuada (43,7%); imunomarcação para anti-CK7 foi detectada em apenas um caso de colangiocarcinoma.(AU)

Primary hepatic fibrosarcoma in a Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms with different morphological patterns of mesenchymal lineage. This type of neoplasm is most commonly found in the subcutaneous tissue but is rare in solid organs, such as the liver and kidneys. This paper describes the main anatomopathological alterations in the liver of a Wistar rat(Rattus norvegicus) with soft tissue sarcoma. A two-year-old male pet Wistar rat was referred to the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul. The owner reported apathy and the animal died during physical examination. At necropsy, 10 ml of a reddish liquid was found in the thoracic cavity. The left lateral liver lobec ontained a 5-cm mass of heterogeneous surface composed of whitish parenchyma and red multifocal lesions extending to the surface of the liver. Moreover, whitish dotted spots intercalated with dark and more friable spots were found in the whole left lateral liver lobe. Histopathological evaluation of the nodule revealed the formation of spindle cells in parallel bundles with slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, elongated nucleus, hyperchromatic to granular chromatin, and inconspicuous nucleolus. Extracellular matrix and mineralization were also observed. An area with proliferation of spindle cells with elongated cytoplasm, round to oval nuclei, sometimes hyperchromatic, consistent with cells found in the liver was noted in the mesenteric lymph node and omental node. Masson Trichrome staining revealed tumor cells stained in blue. Immunohistochemistry was performed and revealed positive staining for vimentin and negative for pan-cytokeratin, S100,desmin and factor VIII. Thus, the histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations suggested hepatic fibrosarcoma. This report showed the histological and immunohistochemical findings of a poorly described tumor in a Wister rat in veterinary literature.

Primary hepatic fibrosarcoma in a Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms with different morphological patterns of mesenchymal lineage. This type of neoplasm is most commonly found in the subcutaneous tissue but is rare in solid organs, such as the liver and kidneys. This paper describes the main anatomopathological alterations in the liver of a Wistar rat(Rattus norvegicus) with soft tissue sarcoma. A two-year-old male pet Wistar rat was referred to the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul. The owner reported apathy and the animal died during physical examination. At necropsy, 10 ml of a reddish liquid was found in the thoracic cavity. The left lateral liver lobec ontained a 5-cm mass of heterogeneous surface composed of whitish parenchyma and red multifocal lesions extending to the surface of the liver. Moreover, whitish dotted spots intercalated with dark and more friable spots were found in the whole left lateral liver lobe. Histopathological evaluation of the nodule revealed the formation of spindle cells in parallel bundles with slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, elongated nucleus, hyperchromatic to granular chromatin, and inconspicuous nucleolus. Extracellular matrix and mineralization were also observed. An area with proliferation of spindle cells with elongated cytoplasm, round to oval nuclei, sometimes hyperchromatic, consistent with cells found in the liver was noted in the mesenteric lymph node and omental node. Masson Trichrome staining revealed tumor cells stained in blue. Immunohistochemistry was performed and revealed positive staining for vimentin and negative for pan-cytokeratin, S100,desmin and factor VIII. Thus, the histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations suggested hepatic fibrosarcoma. This report showed the histological and immunohistochemical findings of a poorly described tumor in a Wister rat in veterinary literature.(AU)

Decision making process in simultaneous laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer and liver metastases: review of literature

Purpose: The benefits of laparoscopic approaches to treat colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) separately are well established. However, there is no consensus about the optimal timing to approach the primary tumor and CRLM, whether simultaneously or staged. The objective of this review with practical reports is to discuss technical aspects required for patient selection to perform simultaneous laparoscopic approaches for CRC and CRLM. Methods: Literature review of oncological factors associated with patient selection for surgical treatment of CRLM and the use of laparoscopy in those cases, and report of technical aspects for simultaneous CRC and CRLM approaches. Results: Simultaneous laparoscopic resection has been successful in many series of selected patients, although it seems to be safer to perform minor and major liver resection with non-extended colorectal resections, and to avoid two high-risk procedures at the same time. Conclusions: Simultaneous CRC and CRLM resections seem to be safe when patients are carefully selected, also considering the risk of recurrence concerning oncologic outcomes. The pre-planning of simultaneous resection is mandatory to plan trocar positioning, procedure sequencing, and patient position.(AU)

Primary gallbladder adenocarcinoma in a cat

Background: Biliary tumors have low incidence in cats and are more common in elderly animals. Hepatobiliary tumors have different classifications and their etiology is difficult to interpret. In most cases, the diagnosis is only possible in advanced stages, which clouds the precursor factors. The late diagnosis is explained by the absence or specificity of clinical manifestations and laboratory changes. The majority of hepatobiliary neoplasms in cats are incidental findings in surgeries or necropsies. This study aimed to report clinical, laboratory, pathological and immunohistochemical results in a feline case of gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Case: 4-year-old male castrated mix breed cat was admitted at a veterinary clinic with a history of polyuria / polydipsia, anorexia, apathy, jaundice and emesis for 60 days. The animal had been treated in another clinic with silymarin, famotidine and cyanocobalamin, and fed by esophageal tube based on the presumptive clinical diagnosis of cholangitis. The clinical examination revealed jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, enlargement of the liver and gallbladder and the presence of a structure in the epigastric region. Based on clinical signs, blood tests (complete blood count and liver enzymes), abdominal ultrasound and thoracic radiography were requested. In the exam results, eosinophilia, bilirubinemia and increased alkaline phosphatase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and gamma glutamyl transferase were observed, in addition to the presence of icteric and hemolyzed serum. Ultrasound exam revealed thickened and dilated cystic and common ducts, large and thick gallbladder, bile with bile mud, hypoechogenic liver, thickening in the duodenal papilla and enlarged pancreatic and duodenal lymph nodes. There were no alterations in thoracic radiography. Based on the findings, the diagnosis of...

Primary gallbladder adenocarcinoma in a cat

Background: Biliary tumors have low incidence in cats and are more common in elderly animals. Hepatobiliary tumors have different classifications and their etiology is difficult to interpret. In most cases, the diagnosis is only possible in advanced stages, which clouds the precursor factors. The late diagnosis is explained by the absence or specificity of clinical manifestations and laboratory changes. The majority of hepatobiliary neoplasms in cats are incidental findings in surgeries or necropsies. This study aimed to report clinical, laboratory, pathological and immunohistochemical results in a feline case of gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Case: 4-year-old male castrated mix breed cat was admitted at a veterinary clinic with a history of polyuria / polydipsia, anorexia, apathy, jaundice and emesis for 60 days. The animal had been treated in another clinic with silymarin, famotidine and cyanocobalamin, and fed by esophageal tube based on the presumptive clinical diagnosis of cholangitis. The clinical examination revealed jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, enlargement of the liver and gallbladder and the presence of a structure in the epigastric region. Based on clinical signs, blood tests (complete blood count and liver enzymes), abdominal ultrasound and thoracic radiography were requested. In the exam results, eosinophilia, bilirubinemia and increased alkaline phosphatase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and gamma glutamyl transferase were observed, in addition to the presence of icteric and hemolyzed serum. Ultrasound exam revealed thickened and dilated cystic and common ducts, large and thick gallbladder, bile with bile mud, hypoechogenic liver, thickening in the duodenal papilla and enlarged pancreatic and duodenal lymph nodes. There were no alterations in thoracic radiography. Based on the findings, the diagnosis of...(AU)

Pathological and immunohistochemical aspects of primary hepatobiliary neoplasms in cats

ABSTRACT: Primary hepatobiliary neoplasms (PHN) are uncommon in cats, and originate in hepatocytes, intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, mesenchymal cells, and cells of neuroendocrine origin. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of PHN in cats diagnosed in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil, for a period of 17 years, determining their epidemiological, anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects. Necropsy reports of 2.090 cats were analyzed, 125 were diagnosed with primary hepatobiliary diseases, of which 15 were cases of PHN, representing 12% of the specific hepatobiliary conditions and 0.7% of the necropsies. All PHN were malignant, of which 93.3% had epithelial origin and 6.7% presented mesenchymal origin. Cholangiocarcinoma was the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm, followed by hepatocellular carcinoma and hemangiosarcoma. In general, cats with no defined breed were the most affected. Concerning sex, 60% were females and 40% males. Age ranged from five to 18 years, with a mean age of 10.5 years (median of ten years). Grossly, cholangiocarcinoma and hemangiosarcoma were multinodular and hepatocellular carcinoma was massive. Microscopically, cholangiocarcinomas were arranged in acini and ducts, whereas hepatocellular carcinomas were arranged in solid sheets or trabeculae. On immunohistochemistry, cholangiocarcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, and hemangiosarcomas were positive for the antibodies CK 7, Hep Par-1, and vimentin and von Willebrand factor, respectively.

RESUMO: Neoplasias hepatobiliares primárias (NHP) são incomuns em gatos e se originam de hepatócitos, células dos ductos biliares intra e extra-hepáticos, células mesenquimais e ainda células de origem neuroendócrina. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a frequência das NHP em gatos diagnosticados na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no período de 17 anos, abordando seus aspectos epidemiológicos, anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos (IHQ). Foram analisados os laudos de necropsia de 2.090 gatos sendo que 125 foram diagnosticados com doenças hepatobiliares primárias, destes 15 foram casos de NHP, representando 12% das condições hepatobiliares específicas e 0,7% do total de necropsias. Todos os diagnósticos de NHP eram malignos, destes 93,3% apresentaram origem epitelial e 6,7% mesenquimal. Colangiocarcinoma foi a neoplasia mais diagnosticada, seguido do carcinoma hepatocelular e hemangiossarcoma. De uma maneira geral, os gatos sem raça definida foram os mais acometidos. Em relação ao sexo 60% eram fêmeas e 40% machos. A idade variou de cinco a 18 anos, com a idade média de 10,5 anos (mediana de 10 anos). Macroscopicamente o colangiocarcinoma e hemangiossarcoma eram multinodulares, e o carcinoma hepatocelular, maciço. À histologia, houve predomínio do arranjo acinar e ductal nos colangiocarcinomas e sólido, no carcinoma hepatocelular. Na IHQ os colangiocarcinomas foram reativos para CK 7, carcinoma hepatocelular para Hep Par-1 e hemangiossarcoma para vimentina e fator de von Willebrand.

Pathological and immunohistochemical aspects of primary hepatobiliary neoplasms in cats / Aspectos patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de neoplasias hepatobiliares primárias em gatos

Primary hepatobiliary neoplasms (PHN) are uncommon in cats, and originate in hepatocytes, intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, mesenchymal cells, and cells of neuroendocrine origin. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of PHN in cats diagnosed in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil, for a period of 17 years, determining their epidemiological, anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects. Necropsy reports of 2.090 cats were analyzed, 125 were diagnosed with primary hepatobiliary diseases, of which 15 were cases of PHN, representing 12% of the specific hepatobiliary conditions and 0.7% of the necropsies. All PHN were malignant, of which 93.3% had epithelial origin and 6.7% presented mesenchymal origin. Cholangiocarcinoma was the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm, followed by hepatocellular carcinoma and hemangiosarcoma. In general, cats with no defined breed were the most affected. Concerning sex, 60% were females and 40% males. Age ranged from five to 18 years, with a mean age of 10.5 years (median of ten years). Grossly, cholangiocarcinoma and hemangiosarcoma were multinodular and hepatocellular carcinoma was massive. Microscopically, cholangiocarcinomas were arranged in acini and ducts, whereas hepatocellular carcinomas were arranged in solid sheets or trabeculae. On immunohistochemistry, cholangiocarcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, and hemangiosarcomas were positive for the antibodies CK 7, Hep Par-1, and vimentin and von Willebrand factor, respectively.(AU)

Neoplasias hepatobiliares primárias (NHP) são incomuns em gatos e se originam de hepatócitos, células dos ductos biliares intra e extra-hepáticos, células mesenquimais e ainda células de origem neuroendócrina. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a frequência das NHP em gatos diagnosticados na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no período de 17 anos, abordando seus aspectos epidemiológicos, anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos (IHQ). Foram analisados os laudos de necropsia de 2.090 gatos sendo que 125 foram diagnosticados com doenças hepatobiliares primárias, destes 15 foram casos de NHP, representando 12% das condições hepatobiliares específicas e 0,7% do total de necropsias. Todos os diagnósticos de NHP eram malignos, destes 93,3% apresentaram origem epitelial e 6,7% mesenquimal. Colangiocarcinoma foi a neoplasia mais diagnosticada, seguido do carcinoma hepatocelular e hemangiossarcoma. De uma maneira geral, os gatos sem raça definida foram os mais acometidos. Em relação ao sexo 60% eram fêmeas e 40% machos. A idade variou de cinco a 18 anos, com a idade média de 10,5 anos (mediana de 10 anos). Macroscopicamente o colangiocarcinoma e hemangiossarcoma eram multinodulares, e o carcinoma hepatocelular, maciço. À histologia, houve predomínio do arranjo acinar e ductal nos colangiocarcinomas e sólido, no carcinoma hepatocelular. Na IHQ os colangiocarcinomas foram reativos para CK 7, carcinoma hepatocelular para Hep Par-1 e hemangiossarcoma para vimentina e fator de von Willebrand.(AU)

Pathological and immunohistochemical aspects of primary hepatobiliary neoplasms in cats / Aspectos patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de neoplasias hepatobiliares primárias em gatos

Primary hepatobiliary neoplasms (PHN) are uncommon in cats, and originate in hepatocytes, intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, mesenchymal cells, and cells of neuroendocrine origin. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of PHN in cats diagnosed in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil, for a period of 17 years, determining their epidemiological, anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects. Necropsy reports of 2.090 cats were analyzed, 125 were diagnosed with primary hepatobiliary diseases, of which 15 were cases of PHN, representing 12% of the specific hepatobiliary conditions and 0.7% of the necropsies. All PHN were malignant, of which 93.3% had epithelial origin and 6.7% presented mesenchymal origin. Cholangiocarcinoma was the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm, followed by hepatocellular carcinoma and hemangiosarcoma. In general, cats with no defined breed were the most affected. Concerning sex, 60% were females and 40% males. Age ranged from five to 18 years, with a mean age of 10.5 years (median of ten years). Grossly, cholangiocarcinoma and hemangiosarcoma were multinodular and hepatocellular carcinoma was massive. Microscopically, cholangiocarcinomas were arranged in acini and ducts, whereas hepatocellular carcinomas were arranged in solid sheets or trabeculae. On immunohistochemistry, cholangiocarcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, and hemangiosarcomas were positive for the antibodies CK 7, Hep Par-1, and vimentin and von Willebrand factor, respectively.(AU)

Neoplasias hepatobiliares primárias (NHP) são incomuns em gatos e se originam de hepatócitos, células dos ductos biliares intra e extra-hepáticos, células mesenquimais e ainda células de origem neuroendócrina. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a frequência das NHP em gatos diagnosticados na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no período de 17 anos, abordando seus aspectos epidemiológicos, anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos (IHQ). Foram analisados os laudos de necropsia de 2.090 gatos sendo que 125 foram diagnosticados com doenças hepatobiliares primárias, destes 15 foram casos de NHP, representando 12% das condições hepatobiliares específicas e 0,7% do total de necropsias. Todos os diagnósticos de NHP eram malignos, destes 93,3% apresentaram origem epitelial e 6,7% mesenquimal. Colangiocarcinoma foi a neoplasia mais diagnosticada, seguido do carcinoma hepatocelular e hemangiossarcoma. De uma maneira geral, os gatos sem raça definida foram os mais acometidos. Em relação ao sexo 60% eram fêmeas e 40% machos. A idade variou de cinco a 18 anos, com a idade média de 10,5 anos (mediana de 10 anos). Macroscopicamente o colangiocarcinoma e hemangiossarcoma eram multinodulares, e o carcinoma hepatocelular, maciço. À histologia, houve predomínio do arranjo acinar e ductal nos colangiocarcinomas e sólido, no carcinoma hepatocelular. Na IHQ os colangiocarcinomas foram reativos para CK 7, carcinoma hepatocelular para Hep Par-1 e hemangiossarcoma para vimentina e fator de von Willebrand.(AU)

Tubulopapillary rectal adenocarcinoma in dog: clinical, surgical, pathological and immunophenotypical aspects: case report / Adenocarcinoma retal tubulopapilar em cão: descrição clínica, cirúrgica, anátomo-patológica e imunofenotípica: relato de caso

Intestinal carcinomas are rare in dogs. The prognosis and survival time are dependent of the histological type, the invasion of the intestinal wall by the malignant cells and the ability of primary neoplasm to produce metastasis. This study reports a case of a Yorkshire dog that developed a rectal tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma progressing to a peritoneal carcinomatosis and multiple metastasis in large intestines, bladder, kidney, iliac lymph node, liver and lungs, six months after transanal surgical resection of the primary rectal neoplasm. Clinical, surgical, pathological and immunophenotypic findings are described. COX-2 imunohistochemical score was higher in hepatic metastasis (score 9) than in the primary tumour (score 6), and the growth fraction (Ki-67) observed was of 49.2% in the rectal neoplasm.(AU)

Carcinomas intestinais são raros em cães. O prognóstico e a sobrevida são dependentes do tipo histológico, do grau de invasão nas camadas intestinais e da capacidade da neoformação primária em desenvolver metástases. Relata-se um caso de um cão, da raça Yorkshire, que desenvolveu adenocarcinoma tubulopapilar retal com evolução para carcinomatose peritoneal e múltiplos focos metastáticos no intestino grosso, na bexiga, no rim linfonodo ilíaco, no fígado e nos pulmões seis meses após ressecção cirúrgica da neoplasia primária. Aspectos clínicos, cirúrgicos, anatomopatológicos e imunofenotípicos são descritos. O escore de COX-2 na imuno-histoquímica foi maior na metástase hepática (escore 9) do que na massa primária (escore 6), e a fração de crescimento (Ki-67) na neoplasia retal foi de 49,2%.(AU)

Tubulopapillary rectal adenocarcinoma in dog: clinical, surgical, pathological and immunophenotypical aspects: case report / Adenocarcinoma retal tubulopapilar em cão: descrição clínica, cirúrgica, anátomo-patológica e imunofenotípica: relato de caso

Intestinal carcinomas are rare in dogs. The prognosis and survival time are dependent of the histological type, the invasion of the intestinal wall by the malignant cells and the ability of primary neoplasm to produce metastasis. This study reports a case of a Yorkshire dog that developed a rectal tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma progressing to a peritoneal carcinomatosis and multiple metastasis in large intestines, bladder, kidney, iliac lymph node, liver and lungs, six months after transanal surgical resection of the primary rectal neoplasm. Clinical, surgical, pathological and immunophenotypic findings are described. COX-2 imunohistochemical score was higher in hepatic metastasis (score 9) than in the primary tumour (score 6), and the growth fraction (Ki-67) observed was of 49.2% in the rectal neoplasm.(AU)

Carcinomas intestinais são raros em cães. O prognóstico e a sobrevida são dependentes do tipo histológico, do grau de invasão nas camadas intestinais e da capacidade da neoformação primária em desenvolver metástases. Relata-se um caso de um cão, da raça Yorkshire, que desenvolveu adenocarcinoma tubulopapilar retal com evolução para carcinomatose peritoneal e múltiplos focos metastáticos no intestino grosso, na bexiga, no rim linfonodo ilíaco, no fígado e nos pulmões seis meses após ressecção cirúrgica da neoplasia primária. Aspectos clínicos, cirúrgicos, anatomopatológicos e imunofenotípicos são descritos. O escore de COX-2 na imuno-histoquímica foi maior na metástase hepática (escore 9) do que na massa primária (escore 6), e a fração de crescimento (Ki-67) na neoplasia retal foi de 49,2%.(AU)

Manejo clínico e cirúrgico de um cão com colangiocarcinoma difuso / Clinical and surgical management of dog with diffuse cholangiocarcinoma

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is an epithelial cell malignancy arising at various locations within the biliary tree. Primary liver tumors can be classified morphologically as solid, when a single large tumor involves only one liver lobe; nodular, when multiple tumors are located in different liver lobes; diffuse, when either multifocal nodular changes occur in different liver lobes or when diffuse changes occur throughout the liver. Surgery is the treatment of choice for these tumors because there is no established, effective chemotherapy protocol. This paper reports on the management of a dog with diffuse cholangiocarcinoma.Case: A 13-year-old female, castrated Pinscher, weighting 6 kg, was admitted at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) with clinical signs of abdominal distension and dyspnea that had started one month ago. The patient had been subjected to total unilateral mastectomy to remove an adenocarcinoma. At clinical examination, the animal presented anemia, an area of silence during pulmonary auscultation on the right hemithorax, and hepatomegaly. Because of the chronicity and nonspecific signs, additional tests were requested. Abdominal ultrasound exam showed hepatomegaly with irregular echotexture; cavity areas scattered throughout the organ, especially by the right medial lob; discrete presence of free abdominal fluid. Thoracic radiography showed increased radiopacity in the medial and caudal right hemithorax, suggesting metastasis. Laboratory tests included a complete blood count (normocytic mycrocytic anemia), an albumin count (27.49 g/L), an alanine amino-transferase test (77.40 U/L), an alkaline phosphatase test (284.94 U/L), a creatinine test (0.81 mg/dL), a conjugated bilirubin test (0.1 mg/dL), a not conjugated bilirubin test (0.1 mg/dL), and a total bilirubin test (0.2 mg/dL). After blood transfusion, a hepatic lobectomy was performed.[...]

Manejo clínico e cirúrgico de um cão com colangiocarcinoma difuso / Clinical and surgical management of dog with diffuse cholangiocarcinoma

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is an epithelial cell malignancy arising at various locations within the biliary tree. Primary liver tumors can be classified morphologically as solid, when a single large tumor involves only one liver lobe; nodular, when multiple tumors are located in different liver lobes; diffuse, when either multifocal nodular changes occur in different liver lobes or when diffuse changes occur throughout the liver. Surgery is the treatment of choice for these tumors because there is no established, effective chemotherapy protocol. This paper reports on the management of a dog with diffuse cholangiocarcinoma.Case: A 13-year-old female, castrated Pinscher, weighting 6 kg, was admitted at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) with clinical signs of abdominal distension and dyspnea that had started one month ago. The patient had been subjected to total unilateral mastectomy to remove an adenocarcinoma. At clinical examination, the animal presented anemia, an area of silence during pulmonary auscultation on the right hemithorax, and hepatomegaly. Because of the chronicity and nonspecific signs, additional tests were requested. Abdominal ultrasound exam showed hepatomegaly with irregular echotexture; cavity areas scattered throughout the organ, especially by the right medial lob; discrete presence of free abdominal fluid. Thoracic radiography showed increased radiopacity in the medial and caudal right hemithorax, suggesting metastasis. Laboratory tests included a complete blood count (normocytic mycrocytic anemia), an albumin count (27.49 g/L), an alanine amino-transferase test (77.40 U/L), an alkaline phosphatase test (284.94 U/L), a creatinine test (0.81 mg/dL), a conjugated bilirubin test (0.1 mg/dL), a not conjugated bilirubin test (0.1 mg/dL), and a total bilirubin test (0.2 mg/dL). After blood transfusion, a hepatic lobectomy was performed.[...](AU)

Neoplasias em equinos, asininos e muares

Os equinos, asininos e muares têm importante participação na economia e as neoplasias nestas espécies são importantes causas de perdas econômicas. As neoplasias em equídeos são diagnosticadas através de necropsias e biópsias, sendo o principal sistema afetado o tegumentar, principalmente em decorrência do sarcoide. No entanto é importante incluir neoplasias de outros sistemas, inclusive em órgãos internos como importantes diagnósticos diferenciais que causam debilidade e podem até levar a morte. Esta dissertação foi elaborada em dois capítulos, compostos por dois artigos originais. O primeiro a ser submetido à revista Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira relata a frequência de tumores diagnosticados em nove sistemas primários de equídeos, descrevendo aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos. Foram diagnosticadas 186 neoplasias em 167 equídeos. O sistema mais afetado foi o tegumentar seguindo do reprodutor masculino e feminino, ocular/periocular, respiratório, digestório, hepático, nervoso e hematopoiético. A neoplasia mais diagnosticada foi o sarcoide, seguida do carcinoma de células escamosas e melanoma. Metástases ocorreram em 14 casos e os sinais clínicos foram variáveis de acordo com a localização anatômica. O segundo artigo será submetido à Journal of Equine Veterinary Science e descreve-se três casos de tumor das células da granulosa diagnosticados em éguas, abordando os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos. As éguas apresentavam alterações comportamentais e reprodutivos como infertilidade, repetição de cio (ninfomania), comportamento de garanhão (virilidade), indiferença ao garanhão e ausência de sinais de estro. As neoplasias foram visualizados através da ultrassonografia e removidos cirurgicamente pela ovariectomia e enviados para exames histopatológicos. Macroscopicamente as massas variavam de 9 a 20 cm de diâmetro, eram firmes e bem delimitadas com superfícies lisas e ao corte observou-se múltiplas cavidades císticas circundadas por trabéculas de tecido amarelo-esbranquiçado e firmes. Microscopicamente observou-se massas multilobuladas, bem delimitadas, compostas por células dispostas em ninhos semelhantes a folículos abortados ou formando cistos, apoiadas em moderado estroma fibrocolagenoso. Pseudorosetas foram observadas. Na neoplasia da égua 2, observou-se formações semelhantes a túbulos de sertoli e células semelhantes a células de Leydig. Na imuno-histoquímica, houve marcação pela inibina e vimetina, de células da granulosa maduras e neoplásicas que compunham os ninhos e revestiam cistos. Após a cirurgia, a égua 1 não exibiu mais as alterações comportamentais, apresentou cio duas vezes, ficou prenhe e abortou. A égua 3 também ficou prenhe e pariu a termo. Não há informações referentes a éguas 2 após a cirurgia. Foi possível constatar com esta dissertação que embora a maioria das neoplasias diagnosticadas em equídeos no Laboratório de Patologia Animal do Hospital Veterinário Universitário da UFCG, envolvam órgãos relacionados ao tegumento, neoplasias que acometem órgãos internos ocorrem esporadicamente e é importante incluí-las como diagnósticos diferenciais.

Horses, donkeys and mules play an important role in the economy and neoplasms in these species are important causes of economic losses. Neoplasms in equines are diagnosed through necropsies and biopsies, with the integumentary system being the main affected system, mainly due to the sarcoid. However, it is important to include neoplasms from other systems, including internal organs as important differential diagnoses that cause debility and can even lead to death. This dissertation was elaborated in two chapters, composed by two original articles. The first to be submitted to the journal Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira reports the frequency of tumors diagnosed in nine primary equine systems, describing epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects. 186 neoplasms were diagnosed in 167 horses. The most affected system was the integumentary, followed by the male and female, ocular/periocular, respiratory, digestive, hepatic, nervous and hematopoietic systems. The most diagnosed neoplasm was sarcoid, followed by squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Metastases occurred in 14 cases and clinical signs varied according to anatomical location. The second article will be submitted to the Journal of Equine Veterinary Science and describes three cases of granulosa cell tumor diagnosed in mares, addressing the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects. The mares showed behavioral and reproductive changes such as infertility, repetition of heat (nymphomania), stallion behavior (virility), indifference to the stallion and absence of signs of estrus. The neoplasms were visualized through ultrasonography and surgically removed by ovariectomy and sent for histopathological exams. Macroscopically, as masses ranged from 9 to 20 cm in diameter, they were firm and well delimited with smooth surfaces and, when cut, multiple cystic cavities surrounded by firm yellow-white tissue trabeculae were observed. Microscopically, well-delimited, multilobulated masses were observed, composed of cells arranged in nests similar to aborted follicles or forming cysts, supported by a moderate fibrocollagenous stroma. Pseudorosettes were observed. In mare 2 neoplasm, formations similar to sertoli tubules and cells similar to Leydig cells were observed. In immunohistochemistry, there was inhibin and vimetin marking of mature and neoplastic granulosa cells that made up the nests and lined the cysts. After surgery, mare 1 no longer exhibited behavioral changes, presented heat twice, became pregnant and miscarried. Mare 3 also became pregnant and gave birth to term. There is no information regarding mares 2 after surgery. It was possible to verify with this dissertation that although most neoplasms diagnosed in horses in the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the University Veterinary Hospital of UFCG involve organs related to the integument, neoplasms that affect internal organs occur sporadically and it is important to include them as differential diagnoses.

Tumores em bovinos encontrados em abatedouros frigoríficos / Tumors found in cattle from slaughterhouses

Numa pesquisa em abatedouros a procura de lesões em bovinos, realizada de janeiro de 2011 a julho de 2014, 544 foram encontradas, das quais 65 eram neoplasmas. Quarenta e dois porcento desses tumores eram de origem mesenquimal; 37% eram epiteliais; 14,5% eram derivados da crista neural; 5% eram tumores do cordão sexual; e 1,5 eram tumores originários do sistema nervoso periférico. O tumor mais frequentemente encontrado foi o linfoma (28% de todos os tumores), a maioria dos casos como parte do complexo leucose bovina enzoótica. O carcinoma de células escamosas foi o segundo tumor mais frequente (15% de todos os tumores). É chamada a atenção para a frequência desses tumores e para a sua importância no diagnóstico diferencial no abatedouro frigorífico entre eles e outras lesões importantes, incluindo as lesões granulomatosas da tuberculose. Houve uma ocorrência significativa do feocromocitoma adrenal (13% de todos os tumores). Papilomatose representou apenas 3% de todos os tumores. Como papilomas são comuns em bovinos, seu baixo número nesse estudo pode ser explicado pelo fato de que eles não são usualmente diagnosticados no exame post mortem (quando o couro já foi retirado da carcaça), mas sim no exame ante mortem, como ocorreu na maioria dos casos deste estudo. Tumores encontrados com menor frequência (cada um perfazendo entre 1.5 e 3% de todos os tumores) incluíram adenocarcinoma apócrino misto da cauda, adenocarcinoma mamário, adenocarcinoma uterino, carcinoma de células renais, fibroma interdigital, hemangiossarcoma, leiomioma uterino, lipoma, lipossarcoma, mesotelioma, neurofibroma, tumor de células da granulosa, tumor estromal gastrointestinal, tumores hepáticos, tumores melanocíticos, e tumores pulmonares primários. Pretende-se que os resultados dessa pesquisa possam ajudar na identificação das lesões na inspeção oficial em matadouros frigoríficos.(AU)

In a survey for lesions in cattle in abattoirs from January 2011 to July 2014, 544 lesions were found, of which 65 were neoplasms. Forty two percent of those were of mesenchymal origin; 37% were epithelial; 14,5% were neural crest derivatives; 5% were sex chord derived tumors and 1.5 was from the peripheral nervous system. The most common tumor found was lymphoma (28% of all tumors), most of them as part of the enzootic leukosis complex. Squamous cell carcinoma was the second most frequent tumor (15% of all tumors). Consideration is made on the frequency of these tumors and the importance of the differential diagnosis at gross examination at the slaughterhouse among them and other important lesions, including tuberculous granulomatous lesions. There was a significance occurrence (13% of all tumors) of the adrenal tumor, pheocromocytoma. Papillomatosis represented only 3% of all tumors; as those are common benign tumors in cattle; their low numbers in this review could be explained by the fact that these are not tumors usually detected in the postmortem examination (after the hide was stripped from the carcass) which was mostly the case of this study, but rather by antemortem inspection. Less common tumors found (each accounting for 1.5 to 3% of all tumors) included granulosa cell tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, hemangiosarcoma, hepatic tumors, interdigital fibroma, lipoma, liposarcoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, melanocytic tumors, mesothelioma, mixed apocrine adenocarcinoma of the tail, neurofibroma, renal cell carcinoma, primary pulmonary tumors, uterine adenocarcinoma, and uterine leiomyoma. It is intended that the results of this survey would be helpful in the identification of lesions at in the official meat inspection at the slaughterhouses.(AU)

Cholangiocellular carcinoma in a cat / Carcinoma colangiocelular em gato

Background: Primary hepatobiliary tumors are rare in dogs and cats. Studies suggest a prevalence of 0.6% in dogs and 2.9% in cats from all occurring tumors. Neoplasia in these tissues can have hepatocellular and bile ducts origin or even be sarcomas or neuroendocrine tumors. Its clinical signs are nonspecific and the diagnosis is most often tardy or even done during necropsy. A case of cholangiocellular carcinoma and glomerulonephritis in a cat is reported, addressing its clinical aspects and emphasizing the importance of an early diagnosis. Case: A mixed breed, 12-year-old neutered cat was admitted in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul treated previously without obvious improvement. Jaundice, severe dehydration, excessive salivation, low body condition (score three out of nine), abdominal discomfort, and lethargy were evident on physical examination. Blood tests showed neutrophilic leukocytosis, lymphopenia, and increased serum levels of both alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed a large single mass of three centimeters of diameter, approximately, compressing the bile ducts. Because of the severity of the patients condition, it was hospitalized to receive supportive care. During hospitalization, the animal received feeding through an esophageal tube, intravenous fluid...(AU)