ESBL in positive hemoculture of a Southern-Brazil Teaching Hospital's Intensive Care Units / ESBL em hemoculturas positivas das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de um Hospital Universitário do sul do Brasil

Bloodstream infections are among the most serious and frequent infections, and the people most exposed are patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactate) are resistant bacteria to penicillins, cephalosporins and monobactams. It´s necessary to know how often and which microorganisms are involved, checking their susceptibility. This study was carried out at the University Hospital. Data collection was performed in the Adult and Newborn ICUs, with assessment of microorganisms and their resistance profile. During six-month period, 156 samples were studied, and 42 were positive with microorganism isolation. Isolated species include Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Many resistant to carbapenem.

ESBL in Positive Hemoculture of a Southern-Brazil Teaching Hospital's Intensive Care Units As infecções da corrente sanguínea estão entre as infecções mais graves e frequentes, e os indivíduos mais expostos são os pacientes da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). As ESBL (Beta-Lactamase de Espectro Estendido) são bactérias resistentes a penicilinas, cefalosporinas e monobactâmicos. Se faz necessário saber com que frequência e quais microrganismos estão envolvidos, verificando sua suscetibilidade. Este estudo foi realizado no Hospital Universitário. A coleta de dados foi realizada nas UTIs Adulto e Neonatal, com avaliação dos microrganismos e seu perfil de resistência. Durante o período de seis meses, foram estudadas 156 amostras, sendo 42 positivas com isolamento dos microrganismos. As espécies isoladas incluem Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Klebsiella pneumoniae. Muitos resistentes aos carbapenêmicos.

Emergências reprodutivas de cadelas e gatas em um hospital veterinário universitário / Reproductives emergencies in female dogs and female cats treated in a teaching veterinary hospital

Emergências obstétricas são comuns na rotina clínica de cães e gatos. Dentre as emergências obstétricas uma das mais importantes é a distocia. De modo geral, a distocia ocorre quando há falha no momento do parto ou na expulsão do feto, sendo que a causa mais comum de distocia nas duas espécies é a inércia uterina primária. Outra emergência obstétrica de ocorrência frequente em cadelas e gatas é a piometra. Esta doença é uma infecção que ocorre no útero, causada por alterações hormonais na fase do diestro dos animais. As duas enfermidades (distocia e piometra) podem ter o envolvimento de anticoncepcionais, tanto nas cadelas como nas gatas. Em relação ao tratamento, na maioria das vezes, as distocias em cadelas e gatas são abordadas por meio da realização de cesarianas. Em piometra, a terapêutica mais efetiva é a realização de ovariohisterectomia. Neste estudo, 43 cadelas e 20 gatas com emergências obstétricas foram monitoradas durante 90 dias. Entre as cadelas, 29 (67,44%; 29/43) apresentaram piometra e 13 (30,23%; 13/43) distocia. Além disso, uma cadela apresentou prolapso vaginal. Entre as gatas, 13 apresentaram distocia (65%; 13/20) e sete (35%; 7/20) piometra. Algumas dessas emergências obstétricas foram relacionadas ao uso de anticoncepcional. Assim, os clínicos veterinários devem desencorajar esta prática e incentivar a castração das fêmeas.

Obstetric emergencies are common in the clinical routine of dogs and cats. One of the most important obstetric emergencies is dystocia. In general, dystocia occurs when there is a failure at the parturition time or expulsion of the fetus, and the most common cause of dystocia in both species is primary uterine inertia. Another frequently occurring obstetric emergency in bitches and cats is piometra. This disease is an infection that occurs in the uterus caused by hormonal changes in the diestrus phase of animals. In both diseases (dystocia and pyometra), contraceptives can be involved in female dogs and cats. Regarding the treatment, most of the time, dystocias in bitches and cats are addressed through cesarean sections. In pyometra, the most effective therapy is to perform ovariohysterectomy. In the present study, 43 female dogs and 20 female cats with emergency obstetric were monitored during 90 days. Among bitches, 29 (67.44%; 29/43) had pyometra, and 13 (30.23%; 13/43) showed dystocia. In addition, one female dog presented vaginal prolapse. Among the cats, 13 had dystocia (65%; 13/20) and seven (35%; 7/20) pyometra. Some of these obstetric emergencies were related to contraceptive use. Thus, veterinary clinicians must discourage this practice and encourage the neutering of females.

Identification and characterization of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant bacteria in feral pigeons surrounding a veterinary hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil / Identificação de bactérias patogênicas e multirresistentes a antimicrobianos em pombos urbanos no entorno de um Hospital Veterinário em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Pigeons are known for their capacity to harbor and spread several zoonotic agents. Studies have suggested that pigeons are also relevant disseminators of multidrug-resistant strains. In this study, pigeons surrounding a veterinary hospital were sampled and tested for the presence of pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile. E. coli isolates from 19 (40.4%) pigeons tested positive for the E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1)-encoding gene. The intimin-encoding gene (eae) of enteropathogenicE. coli (EPEC) was found in one isolate (2.1%). Salmonella spp. were found in nine (19.1%) pigeons, all from the first capture event (P < 000.1). S. Typhimurium and S. Heidelberg were isolated from six and three pigeons, respectively. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) of the Salmonella spp. isolates suggested that eight of the nine strains had a high genetic similarity, supporting the hypothesis of an outbreak of salmonellosis in these pigeons. Twenty (42.5%) staphylococcal isolates were recovered from 18 (38.3%) pigeons. Eight different species were detected, with S. xylosus being the most frequent. Two (4.3%) C. difficile strains were isolated. Three isolates, one each of S. Typhimurium, S. aureus, and C. difficile, were classified as multidrug-resistant strains. The present research suggested that pigeons residing in urban areas can act as reservoirs and disseminators of pathogenic bacteria, including nosocomial pathogens, such as diarrheagenicE. coli and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus spp., C. difficile, and Salmonella spp.

Pombos urbanos são conhecidos pela sua capacidade de carrear e disseminar diversos agentes zoonóticos. Estudos tem sugerido que pombos são também relevantes na disseminação de estirpes resistentes a múltiplas drogas. No presente estudo, pombos no ambiente de um hospital veterinário foram amostrados em três diferentes períodos e testados para a presença de Escherichia coli patogênica, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp. e Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile. Isolados de E. coli de 19 pombos (40.4%) foram positivos para o gene codificador da toxina EAST1. O gene codificador de intimina (eae) do patotipo E. coli enteropatogênica foi encontrada em um isolado (2.1%). Salmonella spp. foi encontrada em nove pombos (19.1%), sendo todos isolados do primeiro período de captura (P < 000.1). S. Typhimurium foi isolado de seis animais e S. Heidelberg de três. A tipagem molecular de isolados de Salmonella spp. por ERIC-PCR demonstrou que oito estirpes possuíam alta similaridade genética entre si, sugerindo a ocorrência de um surto de salmonelose nos animais carreadores. Vinte Staphylococcus (42.5%) foram isolados de 18 animais (38.3%). Oito diferentes espécies foram detectadas, sendo S. xylosus a mais frequente. Duas estirpes de C. difficile não-toxigênica (4.3%) foram isoladas. Uma estirpe de S. Typhimurium, uma de S. aureus e um isolado de C. difficile foram classificados como resistentes a múltiplas drogas antimicrobianas. O presente estudo sugere que pombos capturados no ambiente do hospital veterinário podem atuar como reservatórios e disseminadores de bactérias patogênicas e envolvidas em infecção hospitalar, incluindo E. coli diarreiogênica e Staphylococcus sp., C. difficile e Salmonella spp multirresistente.

Lesão traumática facial em cão - reconstrução cirúrgica com retalho de transposição rotacional / Facial traumatic injury in a dog - surgical reconstruction with rotational transposition flap

Background: Bite injuries are commonly found in small animal clinics, especially in male dogs, due to their habits of fighting and territorial disputes. In general, the lesions are treated with the use of compresses and bandages, however, it is extremely important to carefully evaluate the site, in order to carry out the appropriate treatment. In cases of tissue loss, an increasingly used practice is reconstructive surgery, which launches alternatives for treatment through flaps and skin grafts, promoting healing and satisfactory aesthetic repair. This report describes the case of a dog with a facial bite, treated with reconstructive surgery. Case: A 5-year-old male mixed-breed dog, with a body mass of 5 kg, was treated and submitted to a physical examination, due to the owner's complaint that he had been attacked by another dog, causing a bite on the face. On physical examination, the animal showed normal vital parameters, except for mild hyperthermia due to rectal temperature (39.5°C). On the face, it was possible to observe a lacerative lesion in the temporomandibular and masseteric regions, with loss of skin and muscle, in addition to having an aspect of infection and necrosis. To describe the hematological profile, a blood count was performed, showing no changes. In the biochemical tests, the present alteration was a slight increase in Alkaline Phosphatase (393.8 IU/L). Surgical treatment was indicated through facial reconstruction with a skin graft. After performing the antisepsis, the lesion was debrided, the edges were regularized and the injured tissue was curetted. For reconstruction of the defect, we used a flap obtained through a perpendicular incision at the base of the ear, in a caudal direction, and this flap was pulled and transposed over the wound. Flap synthesis was performed with 3-0 nylon thread. After surgery, a compressive bandage was performed, which was removed after 24 h. It was indicated to avoid exertion in the area and to return in 10 days for the evaluation of the surgery and removal of the stitches. Discussion: Traumatic injuries in animals are being increasingly reported, with male and non-neutered dogs being the most prevalent patients. This report is in line with other studies, with the patient's profile being a male dog, with an average age, in line with the literature. In general, in certain types of wounds, the affected animals can develop sepsis and even progress to death, however, in this case the patient did not show changes in vital parameters and in hematological tests. Reconstructive surgeries are performed with the aim of correcting skin defects and knowledge of the available techniques is important. It is also necessary to carry out a good planning, in order to avoid complications in the trans and postoperative period. In the present case, we chose to use a flap obtained through an incision perpendicular to the base of the ear, transposing it over the wound, in addition to relieving tissue tension through skin divulsion, increasing its elastic potential. The use of bandages is considered extremely important for the success of the surgical procedure, as it provides an efficient barrier against infections, trauma and adhesions. However, we emphasize the need to use ointments, gauzes and bandages concomitantly, in order to have the desired success in the postoperative period. In addition to proper surgical techniques, pain management and infection control are important for patient recovery. It is important to use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids to obtain analgesia, in addition to antibiotic therapy before and after surgery. The reported case demonstrated that lesions in dogs with skin loss can be reconstructed using skin flaps, with an excellent recovery and good prognosis, as was the case with the patient in this report.

Estudo da ocorrência de otopatias em felinos domésticos no município de Fortaleza/CE / Study of the occurrence of otopathies in domestic felines in the municipality of Fortaleza/CE

Estima-se que as otites externas estão presentes em 2 a 10% dos atendimentos na clínica de felinos, correspondendo a uma afecção clinicamente desafiadora nessa espécie. Diante disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento retrospectivo da ocorrência de otopatias em felinos no município de Fortaleza/CE, em um período de três anos, contribuindo para o estabelecimento do perfil epidemiológico da região. O estudo foi realizado através da coparticipação de médicos-veterinários dermatólogos e clínicos de felinos, sendo elaborado de forma retrospectiva avaliando-se fichas clínicas de gatos com histórico de otopatias. Os dados demonstraram uma maior frequência de otites associadas às causas infecciosas, com 30% dos gatos acometidos pela levedura Malassezia spp., 17% por bactérias do tipo cocos e 1% pelo fungo dimórfico Sporothix schencki, seguido de origem parasitária pelos ácaros Otodectes cynotis e Notoedres cati com 18% e 2% dos animais estudados, respectivamente. Na associação entre os patógenos, a maior incidência correspondeu à infecção mista por fungos e bactérias (17%). Tratando-se de raças, os SRD obtiveram uma maior frequência geral no estudo e gatos machos foram mais acometidos em relação às fêmeas. Logo, ressalta-se a importância de estudos retrospectivos para a saúde única, a partir do estabelecimento do perfil epidemiológico da região e da identificação de potenciais agentes zoonóticos.

It is estimated that external otitis accounts for 2 to 10% of attendances at to the feline clinics, corresponding to a clinically challenging condition in this species. This work aims to carry out a retrospective survey of the occurrence of otopathies in cats in the city of Fortaleza/Ce in a period of 3 years, contributing to the establishment of the epidemiological profile of the region. The study was carried out through the co-participation of veterinarians, dermatologists and feline clinicians, and was elaborated retrospectively by evaluating clinical records of cats with a history of ear diseases. The data showed a higher frequency of otitis associated with infectious causes, with 30% of cats affected by the yeast Malassezia spp., 17% by coccus-type bacteria, and 1% by the dimorphic fungus Sporothix schencki, followed by otitis of parasitic origin caused by the mites Otodectes cynotis and Notoedres cati, corresponding to 18% and 2% of the studied animals, respectively. In the association between pathogens, the highest incidence corresponded to mixed infection by fungi and bacteria (17%). Regarding the breeds, SRD presented a higher overall frequency in the study, and male cats were more affected than females. Therefore, the importance of retrospective studies for single health is emphasized, based on the establishment of the epidemiological profile of the region and the identification of potential zoonotic agents.

Principais alterações em exames bioquímicos de cães domésticos na cidade de Formiga/MG de 2017 a 2021 / Main alterations in biochemical tests of domestic dogs in the city of Formiga/MG from 2017 to 2021

O uso de exames laboratoriais na clínica de pequenos animais é um importante recurso, principalmente quando se trata de exames bioquímicos que avaliam funções renais e hepáticas. Esses exames podem auxiliar não somente na descoberta de doenças e no direcionamento do seu tratamento, como também no estadiamento de patologias já diagnosticadas. Com base no exposto foi realizado um estudo transversale retrospectivo avaliando os valores absolutos e a frequência de exames bioquímicos realizados num laboratório de análises clínicas veterinárias de Formiga/MG. Foram avaliados os valores de Nitrogênio Ureico, Creatinina, AST, ALT, ALP, Gama GT, Glicose e Proteínas Totais e Frações. Foi visto que a maioria dos resultados se encontravam dentro dos valores de referência e que algumas enzimas precisam ser relacionadas com outras para resultados mais precisos.(AU)

The use of laboratory tests in small animal clinics is an important resource, especially when it comes to biochemical tests that assess kidney and liver functions. These exams can help not only in the discovery of diseases and in directing their treatment, but also in the staging of already diagnosed pathologies. Based on the above, a cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out, evaluating the absolute values and the frequency of biochemical tests performed in a clinical veterinary analysis laboratory in Formiga/MG. Ureic Nitrogen, Creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, GT Gamma, Glucose and Total Proteins and Fractions were evaluated. It was seen that most results were within reference values and that some enzymes need to be related with others for more accurate results.(AU)

Wild fauna received by the Wild Animal Screening Centre and referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Brasília / Fauna silvestre recebida pelo Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres e encaminhada para o hospital veterinário da Universidade de Brasília

The aim of this work was to analyze records from two institutions that work with wild animals throughout 2018. Data were obtained from the animals received by the Wild Animal Screening Centre of Federal District (CETAS-DF), Brazil, referring to the type of admission and destination, species, as well as animals that required veterinary care and were referred to the Wild Animal Sector of the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Brasilia (HVet-UnB) with description of the main conditions and temporal analysis. Of the 7,603 animals that were admitted to CETAS-DF (6,646 birds, 461 mammals and 496 reptiles), 1,028 individuals (13.52%) required veterinary medical care and were referred to HVet-UnB. The class of animals that most needed assistance was birds (765), followed by mammals (225) and reptiles (37). Unlike other fauna diagnostic surveys from environmental agencies, this is the first study that correlates the numbers of animals received by a CETAS and that were referred for veterinary medical follow-up. The high number of wild animals that require referral to specialized institutions reinforces the need to establish agreements and structure for veterinary medical treatment and subsequent rehabilitation of these specimens as part of an action plan for the conservation of biodiversity in the country.

O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar registros de duas instituições que trabalham com animais silvestres ao longo do ano de 2018. Foram obtidos dados dos animais recebidos pelo Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do Distrito Federal (CETAS-DF), referentes ao tipo de entrada e destinação, espécies, bem como animais que necessitaram de atendimento médico veterinário e foram encaminhados ao Setor de Animais Silvestres do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Brasília (HVet-UnB) com descrição das principais afecções e análise temporal. Dos 7.603 animais que deram entrada no CETAS-DF (6.646 aves, 461 mamíferos e 496 répteis), 1.028 indivíduos (13,52%) necessitaram de atendimento médico veterinário e foram encaminhados ao HVet-UnB. A classe de animais que mais precisou de assistência foi a de aves (765), seguida de mamíferos (225) e de répteis (37). Diferente de outros levantamentos de diagnóstico de fauna de órgãos ambientais, este é o primeiro estudo que correlaciona os números de animais recebidos por um CETAS e que foram encaminhados para acompanhamento médico veterinário. O alto número de animais silvestres que demandam encaminhamento para instituições especializadas reforça a necessidade de estabelecimento de acordos e estrutura de tratamento médico veterinário e posterior reabilitação desses exemplares como parte de plano de ação de conservação da biodiversidade no país.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the environment of a Veterinary Academic Hospital in Brazil - resistance profile

Background: The presence of resistant and potentially virulent bacterial strains in a veterinary hospital environment is a neglected problem. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic microorganism present and circulating in the veterinary hospital environment, of clinical importance and zooanthroponotic transmission of P. aeruginosa has also been reported. The aim of this study was to characterize the population of P. aeruginosa present in a veterinary hospital environment by evaluating their resistance profile and biofilm production. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 306 samples were collected from the veterinary hospital environment (swabs from consultation tables, surgical tables, door handles, hospitalization cages, stethoscopes, thermometers, and muzzles). The isolates were biochemically identified as belonging to the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa through nitrate to nitrite reduction, motility and oxidase test, growth at 42°C, pigment production, and alkalinization of acetamide. Antimicrobial resistance was tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Twenty seven isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained, with a frequency of 8.8%. The detection of beta-lactamase production and biofilm formation genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two multidrug resistant (MDR) and 3 single-drug resistant (SDR) strains of P. aeruginosa were identified. Furthermore, it was observed that the strains carried genes related to beta-lactamase production (TEM and CTX-M group 25) and biofilm production (pelA, pslA, ppyR). Discussion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered a major cause of opportunistic hospital infections, as it causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed individuals, both in...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the environment of a Veterinary Academic Hospital in Brazil - resistance profile

Background: The presence of resistant and potentially virulent bacterial strains in a veterinary hospital environment is a neglected problem. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic microorganism present and circulating in the veterinary hospital environment, of clinical importance and zooanthroponotic transmission of P. aeruginosa has also been reported. The aim of this study was to characterize the population of P. aeruginosa present in a veterinary hospital environment by evaluating their resistance profile and biofilm production. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 306 samples were collected from the veterinary hospital environment (swabs from consultation tables, surgical tables, door handles, hospitalization cages, stethoscopes, thermometers, and muzzles). The isolates were biochemically identified as belonging to the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa through nitrate to nitrite reduction, motility and oxidase test, growth at 42°C, pigment production, and alkalinization of acetamide. Antimicrobial resistance was tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Twenty seven isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained, with a frequency of 8.8%. The detection of beta-lactamase production and biofilm formation genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two multidrug resistant (MDR) and 3 single-drug resistant (SDR) strains of P. aeruginosa were identified. Furthermore, it was observed that the strains carried genes related to beta-lactamase production (TEM and CTX-M group 25) and biofilm production (pelA, pslA, ppyR). Discussion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered a major cause of opportunistic hospital infections, as it causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed individuals, both in...(AU)

Microbiological contamination in a university veterinary hospital / Contaminação microbiológica em hospital veterinário universitário

This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological contamination of the different sectors of a university veterinary hospital, the efficiency of the sanitation procedures performed, and the resistance to antimicrobials and disinfectants. Fourteen environmental samples and seven swab samples were collected from procedure tables of the different sectors. During analysis, the following microorganisms were found: bacterial species Rothia spp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus spp. and zygomycete fungi (could not be classified in genus due to the absence of reproductive structures) and other fungal species Cladosporium spp., Epicoccum spp., Drechslera spp., Scopulariopsis spp., and Penicillium spp. The bacterial species were submitted to a sensitivity assessment of the antimicrobials used in routine prescription. Rothia spp. and S. aureus were resistant only to erythromycin (15 µg), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. were resistant to erythromycin (15 µg) and sulfazotrim (25 µg), and Enterococcus spp. were resistant to ampicillin (10 µg). For the effectiveness test of disinfectants, the products used to sanitize hospital surfaces were tested. All microorganisms in this study were resistant to 1% sodium hypochlorite solution. Rothia spp. and Enterococcus spp. were resistant to 70% ethyl alcohol. The best results were found using pure sodium hypochlorite and benzalkonium chloride, pure and diluted to 20%, which showed a bactericidal effect against all tested microorganisms. These data are relevant for knowledge of the hospital microbiota at the intersection of possible cases of hospital infections.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a contaminação microbiológica de diferentes setores de um hospital veterinário universitário, a eficiência dos procedimentos de higienização realizados e a resistência aos antimicrobianos das cepas encontradas. Quatorze amostras ambientais e sete amostras de swabs foram coletadas dos diferentes setores. Durante a análise foram encontradas as seguintes espécies bacterianas: Rothia spp., Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativa, Staphylococcus aureus e Enterococcus spp.; e os seguintes fungos: zigomicetos, que não puderam ser classificados em gênero devido a ausência de estrutura reprodutiva, os demais foram Cladosporium spp., Epicoccum spp., Drechslera spp., Scopulariopsis spp. e Penicillium spp. As bactérias foram submetidas a uma avaliação de sensibilidade dos antimicrobianos utilizados prescritos na rotina. A avaliação concluiu que Rothia spp. e S. aureus foram resistentes apenas à Eritromicina (15 µg), Staphylococcus coagulase negativa resistente à Eritromicina (15 µg) e Sulfazotrim (25 µg) e Enterococcus spp. mostrou resistência à Ampicilina (10 µg). Para o teste de eficácia dos desinfetantes, foram utilizados os produtos utilizados na higienização das superfícies do hospital. O teste mostrou que todos os microrganismos encontrados no estudo eram resistentes à solução de hipoclorito de sódio diluída a 1%; Rothia spp. e Enterococcus spp. resistentes ao álcool etílico 70%. Os melhores resultados dos testes foram encontrados com hipoclorito de sódio puro e cloreto de benzalcônio puro e diluído a 20%, que apresentou efeito bactericida contra todos os microrganismos testados. Os dados encontrados foram relevantes para o conhecimento da microbiota hospitalar no cruzamento de possíveis casos de infecções hospitalares.

Detection of beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a veterinary hospital environment / Detecção de Enterobactérias produtoras de beta-lactamases em ambiente hospitalar veterinário

Due to the strong selective pressure resulting from the misuse of antibiotics, the natural process of bacterial resistance has been accelerated, leading to the increasingly constant appearance of multiresistant isolates. The high number of multi-resistant bacteria is a one health problem. Enterobacteriaceae are usually commensal bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract. However, they can cause infections, and the most important resistance characteristic among them is the production of ß-lactamases. This study aimed to identify ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae of types of TEM, SHV, and the CTX-Mgroups. To isolate the enterobacteria, swabs were collected by swiping objects that had contact with the patients and professionals, and the water of the hospital environment. Ten collections were carried out, yielding 306 samples, from which 118 enterobacteria were identified: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Serratiaspp., and Citrobacter spp. Isolates. The genes TEM and CTX-M, for the production of ß-lactamases, were detected in 12.7% of the 118 enterobacterial isolates. It is very important to know the bacterial population circulating in the veterinary hospital environment and its resistance to antimicrobials so that professionals can take appropriate measures to minimize the risks of transmission, especially from cages and consultation tables. In addition, the correct control of the microbiological quality of the supply water, as well as environmental cleaning procedures, are essential to prevent the transmission of these microorganisms.(AU)

Devido à grande pressão seletiva decorrente do uso indevido de antibióticos, tem se acelerado o processo natural de resistência das bactérias, levando ao aparecimento cada vez mais constante de isolados multirresistentes. O elevado número de bactérias multirresistentes identificadas é um problema da saúde única. As enterobactérias são bactérias geralmente comensais do trato gastrointestinal, entretanto podem causar infecções, e a característica de resistência mais importante entre elas é a produção de ß-lactamases. Buscando caracterizar melhor os microrganismos circulantes e potencialmente causadores de infecções em ambiente hospitalar veterinário, este estudo objetivou identificar as enterobactérias produtoras de ESBL do tipo TEM, SHV e os cinco grupos de CTX-M presentes em isolados circulantes em hospital veterinário. Foi realizada coleta de suabes de arrasto de objetos que entram em contato com os pacientes e com os profissionais que ali trabalham, bem como de água, para a identificação das enterobactérias. Foram realizadas 10 coletas, obtendo-se 306 amostras, dessas, 118 enterobactérias foram identificadas: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia e Citrobacter. Dentre as enterobactérias identificadas, alguns isolados possuíam genes para a produção de ß-lactamases, do tipo TEM e CTX-M. É de grande importância conhecer a população bacteriana circulante no ambiente hospitalar veterinário, e a sua resistência aos antimicrobianos, para que os profissionais possam tomar medidas apropriadas para minimizar os riscos de transmissão, principalmente a partir de gaiolas e mesas de atendimento. Além disso, o correto controle da qualidade microbiológica da água de abastecimento, bem como dos procedimentos de higienização do ambiente, são fundamentais para evitar a transmissão destes microrganismos.(AU)

An overweight/obesity survey among dogs and cats attended at a veterinary teaching hospital during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic / Uma pesquisa sobre sobrepeso/obesidade em cães e gatos atendidos em um hospital veterinário escola durante o segundo ano de pandemia de COVID-19

Anecdotal reports suggest that the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (COVID-19) has increased overweight and obesity prevalence in dogs and cats. The present report aimed to perform a retrospective overweight/obesity survey on 1,001 consecutive cases attended in the Veterinary Clinics Hospital from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul during its reopening to the public after months closed due to the pandemic. The overall overweight or obesity observed prevalence was 36.63%; being the frequency in cats slightly greater (38.37%) than compared to dogs (35.76%). No local increase in these frequencies was detected. Neutering (dogs and cats), age greater than 10 years (dogs), and male gender (cats) were factors associated with overweight/obesity. Bodyweight was not registered in about 30% of the medical records, while the body condition score was not registered in about 50% of the cases. These flaws were more often observed in feline medical records and efforts to improve these data records are warranted.

Especula-se que a pandemia pelo novo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) tenha agravado a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em cães e gatos. O presente artigo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento de sobrepeso/obesidade, o qual avaliou os registros de 1001 casos consecutivos atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, durante a reabertura da instituição ao público, após meses fechada devido à pandemia. Observou-se uma prevalência de sobrepeso ou de obesidade de 36,63%, sendo a frequência ligeiramente maior em gatos (38,37%) do que em cães (35,76%) e não sendo documentado aumento local na prevalência. Castrações (cães e gatos), idade > 10 anos (cães) e sexo masculino (gatos) foram associadas ao sobrepeso/obesidade. Em cerca de 30% das fichas não havia peso registrado, e em cerca de 50% não havia registro de ECC. Essas falhas foram mais frequentes em fichas de felinos e demandam medidas para aumentar o registro desses dados pelas equipes clínicas.

Dificuldades de tutores com deficiência no atendimento médico veterinário de seus animais / Difficulties of guardians with deficiency in the veterinary medical care of their animals / Dificultades de los tutores con deficiencia en la atención médica veterinária de sus animales

O presente artigo versa sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas por pessoas com deficiência (PCD), no atendimento médico veterinário. PcD representam 15% da população mundial, e enfrentam inúmeros desafios em sua rotina. A Constituição dá direitos iguais a todos os cidadãos brasileiros inclusive a PcD, entretanto na prática seus direitos de ir e vir são lesados, pois encontram dificuldades de acessibilidade, comunicação e inclusão. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar, os desafios ergonômicos encontrados por tutores de animais domésticos que são PcD no município de Mineiros/GO, para acesso ao atendimento médico veterinário, bem como analisar os pontos principais que dificultam esse atendimento. Essa pesquisa contou com a realização de duas etapas distintas, sendo a primeira etapa referente a análise de acessibilidade aos estabelecimentos veterinários do município de Mineiros, e posteriormente a aplicação de questionário semiestruturado, online, voltado para as dificuldades enfrentadas por tutores com deficiência ao atendimento médico veterinário, sendo composto de oito alternativas, disponibilizado por meio de link em rede social de colaboradores do projeto. Por meio desse estudo, foi possível identificar dificuldades específicas em questão de transitabilidade e comunicabilidade enfrentadas por PcD, em atendimento médico veterinário e outros serviços veterinários, no município de Mineiros-GO, e reforça que nenhum estabelecimento veterinário atendeu sobre maneira todos os itens necessários em seu ponto de entrada. Esse estudo conclui que a acessibilidade aos serviços veterinários por tutores de animais que são PcDs informacional no município de Mineiros/GO se dá de forma parcial, visto que o acesso efetivo à informação no espaço físico apresenta ausência de requisitos elencados nas normas e recomendações de acessibilidade, embora haja ausência de requisitos elencados nas normas e recomendações de acessibilidade, embora haja instrumentos adequados e convenientes para prestação de serviços e produtos informacionais adaptados para este público. Ocorrendo da mesma maneira no quesito comunicação, onde parte dos PcDs entrevistados, enfrentam dificuldades de compreensão no atendimento, por funcionários e profissionais médicos veterinários, evidenciando a importância do atendimento humanizado, considerando as necessidades do tutor que é PcD pela classe veterinária.

This paper deals with the difficulties faced by people with disabilities (PwD) in veterinary medical care. PwD represent 15% of the world population and face numerous challenges in their routine. The Constitution gives equal rights to all Brazilian citizens, including PwD; however in practice their rights to come and go are harmed, as they face difficulties in accessibility, communication and inclusion. This work aims to present the ergonomic challenges encountered by tutors of domestic animals that are PwD in the city of Mineiros/GO, for access to veterinary medical care, as well as to analyze the main points that hinder this care. This research consisted of two distinct steps, the first step being the analysis of accessibility to veterinary establishments in the city of Mineiros, and later the application of a semi-structured online questionnaire, aimed at the difficulties faced by tutors with disabilities in medical care veterinarian, consisting of eight alternatives, made available through a link on the project's collaborators' social network. Through this study, it was possible to identify specific difficulties in terms of transitability and communicability faced by PwD, in veterinary medical care and other veterinary services, in the city of Mineiros-GO, and it reinforces that no veterinary establishment has adequately attended to all the items necessary for accessibility at the entrances to services. This study concludes that the accessibility to veterinary services by guardians of animals who are informational PwDs in the municipality of Mineiros/GO is partial, since effective access to information in the physical space lacks the requirements listed in the accessibility standards and recommendations, although there are adequate and convenient instruments for the provision of information services and products adapted for this audience. Occurring in the same way in the question of communication, where part of the PwD interviewed face difficulties in understanding the care, by veterinary staff and professionals, highlighting the importance of humanizing care, considering the needs of the tutor who is PwD by the veterinary class.

Esta articulación trata de las dificultades que enfrentan las personas con discapacidad (PWD) en la atención médica veterinaria. Las personas con discapacidad representan el 15% de la población mundial y enfrentan numerosos desafíos en su rutina. La Constitución otorga los mismos derechos a todos los ciudadanos brasileños incluidas las personas con discapacidad sin embargo, en la práctica, sus derechos de ir y venir se ven perjudicados, ya que enfrentan dificultades de accesibilidad, comunicación e inclusión. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar los desafíos ergonómicos que enfrentan los tutores de animales domésticos que son PwD en la ciudad de Mineiros / GO, para acceder a la atención médica veterinaria, así como analizar los principales puntos que dificultan esta atención. Esta investigación constó de dos pasos diferenciados, siendo el primer paso el análisis de la accesibilidad a los establecimientos veterinarios del municipio de Mineiros, y posteriormente la aplicación de un cuestionario online semiestructurado, dirigido a las dificultades que enfrentan los tutores con discapacidad en la atención médica veterinaria, compuesto por ocho alternativas, disponibles a través de un enlace en la red social de colaboradores del proyecto. A través de este estudio se logró identificar dificultades específicas en cuanto a la transitabilidad y comunicabilidad que enfrentan las PCD, en la atención médica veterinaria y otros servicios veterinarios, en la ciudad de Mineiros-GO, y refuerza que ningún establecimiento veterinario ha atendido adecuadamente a todos. los elementos necesarios para la accesibilidad en las entradas a los servicios. Este estudio concluye que la accesibilidad a los servicios veterinarios por parte de los guardianes de animales PwD informativos en el municipio de Mineiros / GO es parcial, ya que el acceso efectivo a la información en el espacio físico carece de los requisitos enumerados en las normas y recomendaciones de accesibilidad, aunque existen instrumentos adecuados y convenientes para la prestación de servicios y productos de información adaptados a esta audiencia. Ocurriendo de la misma forma en la cuestión de la comunicación, donde parte de las PwD entrevistadas enfrentan dificultades en la comprensión de la atención, por parte del personal veterinario y los profesionales, destacando la importancia de humanizar la atención, considerando las necesidades del tutor que es PwD por la clase de veterinaria.

Abscesso estromal em córnea de cão / Corneal stromal abscess in a dog

Background: The eye is an important sense organ responsible for sight. The cornea is the outermost of many eye layers,being predisposed to several lesions, some of them being frequent in small animal clinics meanwhile others are unusualand seldom reported in specialized literature. The stroma abscess is a common condition in horses, but atypical in dogs,it’s a condition in which a microperforation in the corneal epithelium allows microorganisms or a foreign body to penetratethe corneal stroma, and those become inside the cornea after a re-epithelialization, producing an intense inflammatoryresponse. Therefore, this case reports a case of deep stromal abscess in a Shih Tzu dog.Case: A 4-year-old female Shih Tzu, weighing 4.6 kg, was submitted to ophthalmic examination in which the left eyepresented an opaque yellowish-white protruding structure located on the right side, in the center of the cornea (3 o´clockposition), bulbar and palpebral conjunctival hyperemia and congestion, chemosis, blepharospasm, and a moderate amountof mucous discharge. The clinical diagnosis was stromal abscess with reflex uveitis. A differential diagnosis should includeconditions affecting the anterior part of the cornea, such as an epithelial inclusion cyst and a corneal ulcer. The inclusioncyst, contrarily to the corneal abscess, doesn’t cause pain, meanwhile, the corneal ulcer was ruled out by the FluoresceinStaining Test. The recommended treatment was surgical, through lamellar keratectomy, followed by overlapping pedicledconjunctival graft and third eyelid flap. In association with the surgical treatment, oral antibiotics, anti-inflammatory,and opioids, plus topical antibiotics and autologous serum eye drop. Seventy days post-surgery, the previously observedinflammatory signs were no longer present. In the conjunctival graft insertion site perpetuated a scar leucoma with few...

Abscesso estromal em córnea de cão / Corneal stromal abscess in a dog

Background: The eye is an important sense organ responsible for sight. The cornea is the outermost of many eye layers,being predisposed to several lesions, some of them being frequent in small animal clinics meanwhile others are unusualand seldom reported in specialized literature. The stroma abscess is a common condition in horses, but atypical in dogs,its a condition in which a microperforation in the corneal epithelium allows microorganisms or a foreign body to penetratethe corneal stroma, and those become inside the cornea after a re-epithelialization, producing an intense inflammatoryresponse. Therefore, this case reports a case of deep stromal abscess in a Shih Tzu dog.Case: A 4-year-old female Shih Tzu, weighing 4.6 kg, was submitted to ophthalmic examination in which the left eyepresented an opaque yellowish-white protruding structure located on the right side, in the center of the cornea (3 o´clockposition), bulbar and palpebral conjunctival hyperemia and congestion, chemosis, blepharospasm, and a moderate amountof mucous discharge. The clinical diagnosis was stromal abscess with reflex uveitis. A differential diagnosis should includeconditions affecting the anterior part of the cornea, such as an epithelial inclusion cyst and a corneal ulcer. The inclusioncyst, contrarily to the corneal abscess, doesnt cause pain, meanwhile, the corneal ulcer was ruled out by the FluoresceinStaining Test. The recommended treatment was surgical, through lamellar keratectomy, followed by overlapping pedicledconjunctival graft and third eyelid flap. In association with the surgical treatment, oral antibiotics, anti-inflammatory,and opioids, plus topical antibiotics and autologous serum eye drop. Seventy days post-surgery, the previously observedinflammatory signs were no longer present. In the conjunctival graft insertion site perpetuated a scar leucoma with few...(AU)

Enriquecimiento ambiental para gatos hospitalizados / Environmental enrichment for inpatient cats / Enriquecimento ambiental para gatos em ambiente de internação

Muchas patologías pueden afectar a los felinos, lo que determina de forma rutinaria la necesidad de atención veterinaria. El entorno en el que se inserta el gato es extremadamente importante, y en la mayoría de las clínicas veterinarias y hospitales donde estos animales se mantienen en el hospital, las condiciones no son ideales. El enriquecimiento ambiental es una herramienta que busca mejorar la calidad de vida del animal, posibilitando así la anticipación de la recuperación y consecuentemente un mejor pronóstico para el animal. Con el fin de minimizar un posible nivel de estrés que el entorno hospitalario puede determinar al animal, se realizó un estudio experimental en la Clínica Veterinaria Unigran en Dourados - MS, en el que 3 gatos sanos (2 machos y 1 hembra) con un aproximado Los tres años de edad fueron mantenidos en un ambiente de internación para realizar un estudio de comportamiento de los mismos mediante grabaciones de video y posterior análisis mediante etograma. Los videos se realizaron en dos momentos, el primero fue el cubículo de hospitalización sin enriquecimiento ambiental, mientras que el segundo fue introduciendo elementos (arenero, cama y juguetes) como enriquecimiento. El enriquecimiento ambiental ayudó moderadamente a algunos animales, a reducir el tiempo dedicado a algunas de sus conductas incluidas en la forma de estrés, así como también se observó qu

Many pathologies can affect felines, which routinely determines the need for veterinary care. The environment in which the cat is inserted is extremely important, and in most veterinary clinics and hospitals where these animals are kept in hospital, there are less than ideal conditions. Environmental enrichment is a tool that seeks to improve the quality of life of the animal, thus enabling the anticipation of recovery and consequently better prognosis for the animal. In order to minimize a possible level of stress that the hospital environment can determine to the animal, an experimental study was carried out at the Unigran Veterinary Clinic in Dourados - MS, in which 3 healthy cats (2 males and 1 female) with an approximate age of three years they were kept in an inpatient environment to conduct a behavioral study of them through video recordings and subsequent analysis using ethogram. The videos were made in two moments, the first being the hospitalization cubicle without environmental enrichment, while the second was introducing items (sandbox, bed and toys) as enrichment. Environmental enrichment helped moderately some animals, in reducing the time spent on some of their behaviors included in the form of stress, as well as it was observed that animals in general at the time when the management of environmental enrichment was carried out had greater interaction with the hum

Muitas patologias podem acometer felinos, que corriqueiramente determina a necessidade de atendimento veterinário. O ambiente no qual o gato está inserido adquire extrema importância, sendo que na maioria das clínicas e hospitais veterinários em que estes animais são mantidos em internação há condições aquém das ideais. O enriquecimento ambiental, constitui uma ferramenta que busca melhorar a qualidade de vida do animal, possibilitando assim a antecipação da recuperação e consequentemente melhores prognósticos ao animal. Para minimizar um possível nível de estresse que o ambiente de internação pode determinar ao animal, foi realizado um estudo experimental na Clínica Veterinária da Unigran em Dourados - MS, no qual 3 gatos saudáveis (2 machos e 1 fêmea) com idade aproximada de três anos foram mantidos em ambiente de internação para se realizar estudo comportamental dos mesmos por meio de gravações em vídeos e posterior análise utilizando-se etograma. Os vídeos eram efetuados em dois momentos, sendo no primeiro a baia de internação sem enriquecimento ambiental, enquanto no segundo eram introduzidos ítens (caixa de areia, cama e brinquedos) como enriquecimento. O enriquecimento ambiental ajudou de forma moderada alguns animais, na diminuição do tempo despendidos de alguns de seus comportamentos compreendidos na forma de estresse bem como observou-se que os animais de uma maneira

Parasitos intestinais identificados em pelos de cães em Teresina/Piauí / Intestinal parasites identified in dog hair in Teresina/Piauí

A presença de cães em ambientes domiciliares se tornou bastante comum, porém é preciso manter cuidados com relação aos animais, uma vez que eles podem transmitir patógenos ao homem, causando, assim, doenças zoonóticas; e que uma das formas de transmissão pode ser por ingestão acidental de ovos de parasitos presentes nos pelos. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de parasitos intestinais em pelos de cães atendidos em duas clínicas veterinárias do município de Teresina/PI. Os pelos colhidos foram levados ao Laboratório de Parasitologia da UFPI para avaliação e passaram por um processo de lavagem por meio de uma técnica modificada para essa finalidade. De 59 amostras de pelos de cães, 11 foram positivas para helmintos ou protozoários, sendo encontrados ovos da família Taeniidae e do gênero Ancylostoma, além de cistos de Giardia spp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp., importantes parasitos de potencial zoonótico. Uma vez parasitados, os cães podem oferecer risco de contaminação para os humanos, tanto por meio das fezes como por meio dos pelos. Conclui-se que ovos de helmintos da família Taeniidae e do gênero Ancylostoma e os protozoários do gênero Giardia e Cryptosporidium podem ficar aderidos nos pelos da região perianal de cães, sendo que as ocorrências destes últimos parasitos são os primeiros relatos nos pelos dessa espécie animal.

The presence of dogs in domestic environments has become quite common, but it is necessary to maintain care of the animals, since they can transmit pathogens to humans causing zoonotic diseases and one of the forms of transmission can be by accidental ingestion of parasite eggs present in the hairs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of intestinal parasites in the hair of dogs attended at two veterinary clinics in the city of Teresina, PI. The collected hairs were taken to the Parasitology Laboratory at UFPI for evaluation and underwent a washing process through a technique modified for this purpose. Of 59 dog hair samples, 11 were positive for helminths or protozoa, being found eggs of the family Taeniidae and the genus Ancylostoma, besides to cysts Giardia spp. and oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp., important zoonotic potential parasites. Once parasitized, the dogs can pose a risk of contamination to humans through their faeces or through their hair. It is concluded that the eggs helminths of the Taeniidae family and of the Ancylostoma genus and the protozoa of the Giardia and Cryptosporidium genus can be adhered to the hairs of the perianal region of dogs, and these last parasites are the first reports in the hair in this animals species.

Estabilização zigomática e retalho de avanço facial lateral em canino filhote / Zygomatic stabilization and lateral facial advancement flap in a puppy dog

O trauma é frequentemente relatado na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, podendo gerar fraturas de componentes ósseos e lesões de tecidos moles adjacentes. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se relatar o caso de um canino, macho, sem raça definida, de sete meses de idade, vítima de trauma craniomaxilofacial decorrente de mordedura, diagnosticado com fratura e deslocamento de osso zigomático, além de importante laceração de pele. O tratamento estabelecido baseou-se no debridamento da ferida, estabilização cirúrgica de arco zigomático com fios de Nylon e na sutura dos ferimentos de pele causados. Em um segundo tempo cirúrgico, foi realizada enucleação e recobrimento do defeito na órbita com malha cirúrgica de polipropileno, além de remoção de tecido exuberante e confecção de retalho subdérmico de avanço facial lateral para recobrimento do defeito cutâneo. A complicação evidenciada na primeira intervenção cirúrgica foi a deiscência das suturas de pele, enquanto no segundo tempo cirúrgico, não houve sinais de complicações. No pós-operatório, o paciente apresentou evolução clínica satisfatória, recebendo alta médica 21 dias após o segundo procedimento cirúrgico realizado. Tendo em vista a adequada evolução clínica, bem como os reduzidos efeitos colaterais, sugere-se que a conduta clínica e técnicas cirúrgicas adotadas para tratamento do paciente em questão foram efetivas.

Trauma is frequently reported in the small animal clinics, and can lead to fractures of cranial bone components and injuries to the adjacent soft tissues. In the present study, the objective was to report the case of a seven-month-old male mongrel dog, that had a craniomaxillofacial trauma resulting from a bite, characterized by zygomatic bone fracture and displacement, in addition to a major skin laceration. The stablished treatment was based on wound debridement, surgical stabilization of the zygomatic arch with nylon threads and in the suturing of skin wounds. In a second surgical procedure, enucleation was performed and a surgical polypropylene mesh was applied to cover the orbital defect, exuberant tissue was removed and a subdermal advancement flap was used to cover the skin defect. The complication observed in the first surgical intervention was dehiscence of the skin sutures, while in the second surgical procedure, there were no signs of complications. Postoperatively, the patient had a satisfactory clinical recovery, being discharged 21 days after the second surgical procedure. Considering the adequate clinical evolution and the reduced complications, it issuggestedthat the clinical conduct and surgical techniques adopted for the treatment of the patient in question were effective.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeastern Brazil - spatial analysis

Background: Human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) is a potentially fatal disease with a worldwide distribution, being endemic in 12 countries in the Americas. The main reservoir in the urban environment is the dog, whose cases precede the disease in humans. For the control of HVL, the Ministry of Health of Brazil recommends efficiency in the notification of human cases, control of sandflies, elimination of reservoirs and health education, in addition to the interruption in the transmission of the disease by the intensification of surveillance and control of priority areas based on identification by spatial analysis. The objective of the study was to investigate the spatial distribution of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, determining areas of risk by identifying spatial clusters, with a view to monitoring and implementing preventive actions. Materials, Methods & Results: Secondary data from sample and/or routine serological surveys for serological diagnosis of LVC in the period from 2011 to 2018 were used. The inclusion of animals in the routine diagnosis per municipality resulted from demands of veterinarians, veterinary clinics, dog tutors, zoonoses control centers and environmental surveillance. The spatial statistical analysis was performed with SatScan software version 9.6 for the detection of spatial clusters, based on using the statistical scan method. Of the total of 231,123 dogs tested in the period, 24,642 (10.6%) were seroreactive for CVL. During the study, the municipalities with the highest number of cases were Natal and Mossoró, with 9,671 and 4,514 cases, respectively. During the years 2011 to 2018, 38 significant clusters (P < 0.05) were identified that included one or more municipalities. Discussion: The state of Rio Grande do Norte has an urban environment susceptible to the occurrence of CVL, with climate and topography that favor the proliferation of the vector and housing in precarious socio-sanitary conditions. The high number of CVL cases in Natal can be explained by the fact that the city is considered endemic for CVL, characterized as an area of intense transmission of the disease, according to the Ministry of Health. In addition, public infrastructure in some locations is deficient and living conditions are unfavorable, so that there is a need to invest in effective protection measures for vector control, as well as a focus on health education, whose HVL control measures in the municipality need to be readjusted. The high rate of cases and the constant presence of clusters in the municipality of Açu can be explained by the increasing degradation of the Caatinga biome, evidenced by the removal of firewood for use in the ceramist pole, whose activity is concentrated on a large scale in the use of raw material and energy, through the production of charcoal, for agricultural and livestock fronts, putting species of fauna and flora at risk. It is also noteworthy that this fact contributes to the destruction of wild ecotopes, resulting in the search for the vector for other sources of human and animal food, allowing an increase in the number of cases of the disease. It's concluded that canine visceral leishmaniasis is distributed in a large part of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The underreporting and/or deficiency in the disclosure of data by some municipalities represents a challenge in complying with the actions of the Visceral Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control Program, and attention should be paid to the monitoring and inspection of the execution actions of municipal managers, as well as how to train professionals who are part of the service.

Prevalence and clinical features of neurological disorders in dogs attended at Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (2017-2018) / Caracterização clínica dos distúrbios neurológicos observados em cães atendidos na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (2017-2018)

Neurological disorders are frequent in small animal veterinary clinics and studies giving regional justification for such disorders are essential so that veterinarians can be better prepared. The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of dogs with neurological disorders treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, between August 2017 and April 2018. The study describes the location of the lesions and their etiology according to the acronym VITAMIN-D, as well as the distribution of cases according to sex, breed and age. One hundred and twenty-two (122) dogs were included, of which 58% (n=71) were males and 42% (n=51) females. The age distribution ranged from two months to 18 years old; 16% were less than two years old, 50% between two and seven years old and 34% were more than seven years old. The most affected breeds were Mixed Breed dogs (43%), Poodles (9%) and Dachshunds (7%). The diagnoses were confirmed in 54 animals (44%) and in 68 (56%) remained presumptive. The most common location was the spinal cord (61%), where the T3-L3 region was the most affected (35%), followed by multifocal (20%) and forebrain (10%). The most frequent categories were degenerative (24%), inflammatory/infectious (23%) and traumatic (20%) diseases. Intervertebral disc disease was the most observed, corresponding to 21.3% of all cases. The results showed that the neurological diseases in this Veterinary Hospital were more prevalent in young male adults with spinal cord diseases of degenerative nature.(AU)

Desordens neurológicas são frequentes na clínica de pequenos animais. Estudos caracterizando a casuística regio-nal são fundamentais para melhor instrução e preparo técnico do médico veterinário. O objetivo deste trabalho retrospectivo foi descrever os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de cães com distúrbios neurológicos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, entre agosto de 2017 e abril de 2018, caracterizando a localização da lesão e etiologia de acordo com o acrônimo VITAMINA-D, bem como a distribuição dos casos em relação ao sexo, raça e faixa etária. Foram incluídos 122 cães, com 58% (n=71) dos casos em machos e 42% (n=51) em fêmeas. A distribuição etária variou de dois meses a 18 anos, sendo 16% dos animais menores de dois anos, 50% entre dois e sete anos e 34% maiores de sete anos. As raças mais observadas foram SRD (43%), Poodle (9%) e Dachshund (7%). O diagnóstico etiológico foi confirmado em 54 animais (44%) e em 68 (56%) permaneceu como presuntivo. A localização mais comum foi na medula espinhal (61%), sendo a região entre T3-L3 a mais acometida (35%), seguida por multifocal (20%) e prosencéfalo (10%). As categorias mais frequentes foram de doenças degenerativas (24%), inflamatórias/infecciosas (23%) e traumáticas (20%). Dos cães com doenças degenerativas, a doença do disco intervertebral foi mais observada (21,3% do total dos casos). Com base nos resultados obti-dos, pode-se concluir que, na casuística regional deste Hospital, as doenças neurológicas foram mais prevalentes em machos, adultos jovens e com localização medular de origem degenerativa.(AU)