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1.
Prog Urol ; 33(15-16): 993-1001, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37806909

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: New methods of male contraception are being studied: male hormonal contraception, reversible occlusion of the vas deferens and thermal contraception. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of these methods among men. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out an opinion survey from July to November 2021, through an anonymous questionnaire distributed in France on the internet. The subjects were adult, heterosexual men. RESULTS: Of the 1545 connections to the questionnaire, we analyzed the 905 complete questionnaires. Seventy three percent of men say they are in favor of adopting an innovative male contraceptive method as their primary contraception: 64% in favor of reversible occlusion of the vas deferens, 22% in favor of male hormonal contraception and 13% in favor of thermal contraception. CONCLUSION: Despite its limitations, this study shows that a significant part of the male population is interested in innovative methods of contraception that concern them. This should encourage continued research in this area.


Assuntos
Anticoncepção , Heterossexualidade , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Anticoncepção/métodos , França
2.
J Intern Med ; 289(5): 738-746, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33511686

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Published reports on tocilizumab in COVID-19 pneumonitis show conflicting results due to weak designs or heterogeneity in critical methodological issues. METHODS: This open-label trial, structured according to Simon's optimal design, aims to identify factors predicting which patients could benefit from anti-IL6 strategies and to enhance the design of unequivocal and reliable future randomized trials. A total of 46 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia needing of oxygen therapy to maintain SO2 > 93% and with recent worsening of lung function received a single infusion of tocilizumab. Clinical and biological markers were measured to test their predictive values. Primary end point was early and sustained clinical response. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients fulfilled pre-defined response criteria. Lower levels of IL-6 at 24 h after tocilizumab infusion (P = 0.049) and higher baseline values of PaO2/FiO2 (P = 0.008) predicted a favourable response. CONCLUSIONS: Objective clinical response rate overcame the pre-defined threshold of 30%. Efficacy of tocilizumab to improve respiratory function in patients selected according to our inclusion criteria warrants investigations in randomized trials.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Biomarcadores Farmacológicos/análise , COVID-19 , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Interleucina-6 , Pneumonia Viral , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacocinética , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/fisiopatologia , COVID-19/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacocinética , Infusões Intravenosas , Interleucina-6/antagonistas & inibidores , Interleucina-6/sangue , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Oximetria/métodos , Oxigenoterapia/métodos , Pneumonia Viral/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/etiologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Testes de Função Respiratória/métodos , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
West Indian Med J ; 64(3): 291-3, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26426188

RESUMO

HIV-associated lipodystrophy commonly presents with fat loss in the face, buttocks, arms and legs, hypocomplementaemia, glomerulonephritis, and autoimmune disorders. The exact mechanism of HIV-associated lipodystrophy is not fully elucidated. There is evidence indicating that it can be caused by both antiretroviral medications and HIV infection in the absence of antiretroviral medication. Lipodystrophy seems to be mainly due to HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Interference with lipid metabolism is postulated as pathophysiology. Also, the development of lipodystrophy is associated with specific nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). Mitochondrial toxicity is postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis associated with NRTI. Here, we analyse the side effects and examine the impact of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen including raltegravir, lamivudine, darunavir and ritonavir in an HIV-1 infected patient with severe lipodystrophy after six years of antiretroviral therapy.

5.
West Indian Med J ; 63(7): 779-84, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25867565

RESUMO

In this case report, we examine the impact of a simplified two-drug highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen of raltegravir and lamivudine in a patient co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C, D and B viruses (HCV/HDV/HBV) under immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation. Pharmacokinetic interactions between integrase inhibitors and immunosuppressant drugs are described. Raltegravir, the first integrase inhibitor, associated with lamivudine, was introduced because its metabolism does not interfere with immunosuppressant therapy. During post-orthotopic liver transplantation follow-up, the patient's transaminases level increased and his antiretroviral therapy (HAART) of tenofovir/emtricitabine and fosamprenavir was changed, due to suspected drug toxicity. After seven months of follow-up, the patient showed good tolerance, good viro-immunological control with undetectable HIV viraemia and stable concentrations of immunosuppressive drugs. This case indicates that the combination of raltegravir and lamivudine is an optimal and effective strategy because it resulted in an important reduction of hepatic transaminases in a patient with very critical clinical conditions.

6.
Phys Chem Chem Phys ; 15(47): 20590-9, 2013 Dec 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24185816

RESUMO

We investigate thermodynamic and structural properties of colloidal dumbbells in the framework provided by the Reference Interaction Site Model (RISM) theory of molecular fluids and Monte Carlo simulations. We consider two different models: in the first one we set identical square-well attractions on the two tangent spheres constituting the molecule (SW-SW model); in the second scheme, one of the square-well interactions is switched off (HS-SW model). Appreciable differences emerge between the physical properties of the two models. Specifically, the k → 0 behavior of SW-SW structure factors S(k) points to the presence of a gas-liquid coexistence, as confirmed by subsequent fluid phase equilibria calculations. Conversely, the HS-SW S(k) develops a low-k peak, signaling the presence of aggregates; such a process destabilizes the gas-liquid phase separation, promoting at low temperatures the formation of a cluster phase, whose structure depends on the system density. We further investigate such differences by studying the phase behavior of a series of intermediate models, obtained from the original SW-SW by progressively reducing the depth of one square-well interaction. RISM structural predictions positively reproduce the simulation data, including the rise of S(k → 0) in the SW-SW model and the low-k peak in the HS-SW structure factor. As for the phase behavior, RISM agrees with Monte Carlo simulations in predicting a gas-liquid coexistence for the SW-SW model (though the critical parameters appear overestimated by the theory) and its progressive disappearance when moving toward the HS-SW model.

7.
West Indian Med J ; 62(4): 377-9, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24756601

RESUMO

Sustained increase of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentrations and muscle abnormalities have been reported in patients taking raltegravir (RAL). In this report, we describe a case of sustained and asymptomatic increase of serum CPK concentrations associated with raltegravir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in an HIV-1 experienced patient with intolerance to protease inhibitor, abacavir and penicillin during 32 weeks of continuous drug monitoring.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , HIV-1 , Lamivudina/uso terapêutico , Debilidade Muscular/induzido quimicamente , Mialgia/induzido quimicamente , Pirrolidinonas/efeitos adversos , Zidovudina/uso terapêutico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Raltegravir Potássico
8.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 31(8): 1759-64, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22160846

RESUMO

The aim of this work was to determine the in vitro activity of tigecycline and its bactericidal effect for a large number of Gram-positive cocci, as well as to investigate its in vitro interaction with six clinically used antibiotics. In vivo, a wound model was established through the panniculus carnosus of BALB/c mice, and then inoculated with 5 × 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU) of Staphylococcus aureus or Enterococcus faecalis. For each bacterial strain, the study included an infected or non-infected group that did not receive any treatment, three groups singly treated with tigecycline, rifampin, and daptomycin, and two groups that received tigecycline treatment plus rifampin or daptomycin. In the in vitro studies, tigecycline, daptomycin, and teicoplanin were active against all of the 48 Gram-positive isolates. The combination of tigecycline with rifampicin and daptomycin was synergistic against S. aureus and Enterococcus spp. In the in vivo studies, all groups treated with single drugs showed statistically significant results compared to the control group. The two groups treated with a combination of drugs showed the highest antimicrobial efficacy. In conclusion, our results suggested a strong activity of tigecycline alone and in combination with other antimicrobial agents against multi-resistant Gram-positive organisms isolated from wound infections.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Daptomicina/farmacologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Cocos Gram-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Minociclina/análogos & derivados , Rifampina/farmacologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/microbiologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Daptomicina/administração & dosagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Cocos Gram-Positivos/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Minociclina/administração & dosagem , Minociclina/farmacologia , Rifampina/administração & dosagem , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/tratamento farmacológico , Tigeciclina , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 31(11): 3047-55, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22729599

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of distinctin in the management of cutaneous methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) wound infections in an experimental mouse model. Wounds, made in the panniculus carnosus of BALB/c mice, were inoculated with 5 × 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU) of MRSA. Mice were treated with topical distinctin (1 mg/kg of body weight), topical teicoplanin (7 mg/kg of body weight), intraperitoneal teicoplanin (7 mg/kg of body weight); topical teicoplanin and daily intraperitoneal teicoplanin; topical distinctin and daily intraperitoneal teicoplanin. Bacterial cultures of excised tissues and histological examination of microvessel density and of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were studied. It was found that topical distinctin combined with parenteral teicoplanin inhibited bacterial growth to levels comparable with those observed in uninfected animals. Wounded areas of animals treated with distinctin were characterized by a more mature granulation tissue, with a more organized and denser type of connective tissue, compared to mice treated only with teicoplanin. Treatment with topical distinctin had a significant impact on VEGF expression and microvessel density. The combined use of distinctin with teicoplanin may be useful in the management of infected wounds by significantly inhibiting bacterial growth and accelerating the repair process.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Anfíbios/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/administração & dosagem , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção dos Ferimentos/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Tópica , Animais , Carga Bacteriana , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Histocitoquímica , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/patogenicidade , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Pele/microbiologia , Pele/patologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Teicoplanina/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologia
10.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 16(11): 1473-83, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23111959

RESUMO

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the cause of more than three-quarters of liver-related deaths in HIV-seropositive individuals and it is remarkable that today approximately one-quarter of HIV-infected individuals in Europe and the USA have a HCV coinfection. HIV/HCV coinfected patients were more likely to develop cirrhosis, had an increased risk of developing AIDS, of HIV-related disease and of overall mortality. How HCV may affect the course of HIV infection is not well known even if it was suggested that HCV co-infection is able to increase immune activation and to sensitize CD4+ T-cells towards apoptosis in the absence of HIV therapy. There are many evidences that the simultaneous presence of HIV infection accelerates the liver damage from HCV favouring the evolution to cirrhosis in co-infected patients. HIV increasing of TNF alpha liver production and of HCV replication in peripheral blood lymphomonocytes are the mechanisms at the basis of this phenomenon. HAART had a positive effect on HIV/HCV co-infection, otherwise it does not appear to fully correct the adverse effect of HIV infection on HCV-related outcomes. Traditional treatment with pegilated Interferon plus ribavirin have low rates of sustained virological response in co-infected patients especially if infected with HCV genotype 1, and better results were often obtained in patients in which the use of antiretroviral treatment was avoided to reduce the occurrence of adverse effects. The recent preliminary results on the use of anti-HCV protease inhibitor drugs, boceprevir and telapravir, in co-infected people seems to demonstrate an enhanced antiviral efficacy in the HIV/HCV co-infected population of triple anti-HCV treatment even is some important limitation as interactions with antiretroviral agents and selection of HCV drug resistance, lead to consider the need for further studies designed to assess the best therapeutic strategies.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Coinfecção , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/induzido quimicamente , Cirrose Hepática/epidemiologia
11.
HIV Med ; 12(1): 4-13, 2011 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20584091

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The prevalence and factors associated with an increased risk of renal dysfunction in HIV-infected patients receiving or not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been poorly evaluated in observational settings. METHODS: Patients in the ICONA Foundation cohort with at least two creatinine values available while still ART-naïve were enrolled in the study. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<90 mL/min/1.73 m(2) at baseline. The incidence and predictors of a >20% reduction in eGFR from pre-combination ART (cART) levels (or a decrease from ≥90 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m(2) ) were evaluated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: A total of 1505 patients were included in the study; 363 (24%) had eGFR<90 mL/min/1.73 m(2) at baseline. Older patients [odds ratio (OR) 1.58 per 10 years older; P<0.00001], female patients (OR 2.41 vs. male patients; P<0.00001), those who had diabetes and/or hypertension (OR 2.36 vs. neither; P<0.03) and patients with higher baseline CD4 count (OR 1.06 per 100 cells/µL higher; P<0.03) showed a greater risk of eGFR<90 mL/min/1.73 m(2) . Ninety-six patients experienced an eGFR decrease of >20% from pre-cART levels (6.8 per 100 person-years). Older age [relative risk (RR) 1.41 per 10 years older; P=0.005], female gender (RR 2.25 vs. male; P=0.003) and current exposure to didanosine (ddI), tenofovir and protease inhibitors were the major determinants. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a relatively high rate of mild renal dysfunction in the absence of ART. In addition to traditional risk factors such as older age and diabetes/hypertension, female gender and current use of ddI, tenofovir and protease inhibitors were associated with a greater risk of decreased renal function as measured by eGFR.


Assuntos
Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Renal/epidemiologia , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Creatinina/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Quimioterapia Combinada , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite Viral Humana/complicações , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Itália , Masculino , Insuficiência Renal/etiologia , Insuficiência Renal/fisiopatologia , Fatores Sexuais
12.
HIV Med ; 12(3): 174-82, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20726904

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study provides an estimate of the proportion of HIV-positive patients in Italian clinics showing an 'adverse prognosis' (defined as a CD4 count ≤ 200 cells/µL or an HIV RNA >50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL) over time, and investigates whether this proportion varied according to patients' characteristics. METHODS: We estimated the annual proportion of patients with a CD4 count ≤ 200 cells/µL or HIV RNA > 50 copies/mL out of the total number of patients in the Icona Foundation cohort seen in any given year, both overall and after stratifying by demographical and treatment status groups. Generalized estimating equation models for Poisson regression were applied. RESULTS: In 1998-2008, the prevalence of patients with a CD4 count ≤ 200 cells/µL decreased from 14 to 6% [adjusted relative risk (RR) 0.86/year; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.88; P<0.0001]. The prevalence of HIV RNA > 50 copies/mL decreased from 66 to 40% (adjusted RR 0.95/year; 95% CI 0.95-0.96; P<0.0001) in all patients and from 38 to 12% in the subgroup of patients who had previously received antiretroviral therapy (ART) for ≥ 6 months (adjusted RR 0.89/year; 95% CI 0.88-0.90; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a substantial increase in the success rate of ART in Italy in 1998-2008, resulting in a lower percentage of patients with adverse prognosis in recent years. The use of ART seemed to be the most important determinant of viral load outcome, regardless of mode of transmission. Although injecting drug users showed a less marked improvement in CD4 cell count over time than other risk groups, they showed a similar improvement in detectable viral load.


Assuntos
Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1 , Adulto , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Distribuição de Poisson , Prevalência , Comportamento Sexual , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga Viral
13.
Br J Dermatol ; 164(5): 987-95, 2011 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21275941

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chronic leg ulceration is a common health problem. It is well known that a clinically relevant bacterial load in chronic cutaneous wounds interferes significantly with the normal process of healing. Staphylococcus aureus is the most important representative of the staphylococcal group which causes clinically relevant infections within immunocompetent patients. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy of a single treatment of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) with RLP068/Cl in a mouse model of a surgical wound infection induced with a methicillin-resistant strain of S. aureus (MRSA). METHODS: Wounds, established through the panniculus carnosus of BALB/c and CD1 mice, were inoculated with 5 x 10(7) c.f.u. of MRSA. Mice were randomized into four groups respectively receiving no treatment, APDT with placebo, APDT with a new phthalocyanine derivative (RLP068/Cl) and intraperitoneal teicoplanin. RESULTS: On day 2 from infection, a strong reduction of bacterial counts (≈ 3 logs) was observed in mice treated with RLP068/Cl in comparison with infected untreated mice. On day 9 from infection, a comparable and significant (≈ 2 logs) reduction of bacterial counts was found in mice treated with RLP068/Cl or with teicoplanin. At this time, histological examinations revealed that wounds treated with RLP068/Cl showed a complete re-epithelialization with a continuous epithelial lining. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the in vivo study demonstrated that APDT with RLP068/Cl may be useful in the management of chronic infected wounds, accelerating the repair process through a significant bacterial inhibition.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Indóis/uso terapêutico , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Compostos Organometálicos/uso terapêutico , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção dos Ferimentos/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Camundongos , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/patologia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/patologia
14.
Clin Infect Dis ; 50(9): 1316-21, 2010 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20297953

RESUMO

The incidence of and predictors of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining malignancies (ADMs) and non-ADM (NADMs) were evaluated in a large Italian cohort. The incidence of ADM and NADM was 5.0 cases per 1000 person-years of follow-up (95% confidence interval, 4.3-5.8 cases per 1000 person-years of follow-up) and 2.4 cases per 1000 person-years of follow-up (95% confidence interval, 1.9-3.1 cases per 1000 person-years of follow-up), respectively. Lower current CD4 cell count was an independent predictor of developing malignancies, with the association being stronger for ADM than for NADM.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/complicações , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prognóstico
15.
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg ; 40(6): 817-22, 2010 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20869272

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of daptomycin and rifampin either alone or in combination in preventing prosthesis biofilm in a rat model of staphylococcal vascular graft infection. DESIGN: Prospective, randomised, controlled animal study. MATERIALS: Graft infections were established in the back subcutaneous tissue of adult male Wistar rats by implantation of Dacron prostheses followed by topical inoculation with 2×10(7) colony forming units of Staphylococcus aureus, strain Smith diffuse. METHODS: The study included a control group, a contaminated group that did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis and three contaminated groups that received intra-peritoneal daptomycin, rifampin-soaked graft and daptomycin plus rifampin-soaked graft, respectively. Each group included 15 animals. The infection burden was evaluated by using sonication and quantitative agar culture. Moreover, an in vitro antibiotic susceptibility assay for S. aureus biofilms was performed to elucidate the same activity. RESULTS: When tested alone, daptomycin and rifampin showed good efficacies. Their combination showed efficacies significantly higher than that of each single compound. The in vitro studies showed that minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values for daptomycin were lower in presence of rifampin. Daptomycin prevented the emergence of rifampin resistance. CONCLUSION: Daptomycin is an important candidate for prevention of staphylococcal biofilm-related infection and rifampin could serve as an interesting anti-staphylococcal antibiotic enhancer.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Biofilmes , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis , Daptomicina/administração & dosagem , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/prevenção & controle , Rifampina/administração & dosagem , Infecções Estafilocócicas/prevenção & controle , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Prótese Vascular/microbiologia , Implante de Prótese Vascular/instrumentação , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Quimioterapia Combinada , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Polietilenotereftalatos , Estudos Prospectivos , Desenho de Prótese , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/microbiologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento
17.
Int J Artif Organs ; 31(9): 761-70, 2008 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18924087

RESUMO

Staphylococcal spp. are notorious for causing biofilm-related device-associated infections, leading to tens of thousands of deaths per year. In this paper, we review quorum sensing inhibitors as potential therapeutics for even the most persistent infections. The animal models reviewed are subcutaneous graft, central venous catheter (CVC), ureteral stent and wound models, and a wound case study. The therapeutic approaches reviewed are the use of RNAIII inhibiting peptide (RIP) and its non-peptide analog. These have been shown to prevent or treat infections caused by any staphylococcal strain tested, including antibiotic-resistant strains like CA-MRSA USA300.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/tratamento farmacológico , Percepção de Quorum/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Inativadoras de Ribossomos/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/microbiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/fisiopatologia , Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Ácido Gálico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Hexoses/farmacologia , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/microbiologia , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/fisiopatologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/fisiopatologia , Staphylococcus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Stents/efeitos adversos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/metabolismo , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos
18.
J Chemother ; 19(5): 514-8, 2007 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18073150

RESUMO

The in vitro activity of the peptide IB-367, alone or combined with either fluconazole (FLU) or amphotericin B (AMB), was investigated against 25 Candida isolates belonging to five species. IB-367 minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 2.0 to 32 microg/ml and it was active against both FLU-susceptible and - resistant isolates. A rapid fungicidal activity was observed. Synergism was documented in 41.6% and 44% of IB-367/FLU and IB-367/AMB interactions, respectively. Antagonism was never observed. The broad antifungal activity and the positive interactions with AMB and FLU suggest that IB-367 represents a promising candidate against infections due to Candida spp.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Anfotericina B/administração & dosagem , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos , Candidíase/tratamento farmacológico , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Fluconazol/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
19.
Water Res ; 40(19): 3571-9, 2006 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16876226

RESUMO

Adsorption on activated carbon is currently the most frequently used technology to remove organic chlorinated pollutants from wastewaters. The present study examines the ability of five commercially available types of activated carbon to remove organic chlorinated compounds from the effluent of a chemical plant. The various types were tested on the basis of Freundlich adsorption isotherms for 14 pure organic chlorinated compounds, of molecular weight ranging from that of dichloromethane (MW=84.93 gmol(-1)) to hexachlorobenzene (MW=284.78 gmol(-1)). The best was selected and used in a laboratory fixed-bed column to assess its removal efficiency with respect to the tested organic chlorinated compounds. Removal efficiency was always higher than 90%. These results provide information necessary to optimize scale-up from the pilot plant to the real one.


Assuntos
Carbono/química , Técnicas de Química Combinatória/métodos , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Purificação da Água/métodos , Adsorção , Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/análise , Membranas Artificiais , Projetos Piloto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Propriedades de Superfície , Água/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise
20.
J Med Microbiol ; 54(Pt 3): 279-285, 2005 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15713612

RESUMO

At the Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Italy, Candida pelliculosa accounted for 3.3 and 4.4 % of all Candida species other than Candida albicans collected during 1996 and 1998, respectively. Genetic variability was investigated by electrophoretic karyotyping and inter-repeat PCR, and the susceptibility to five antifungal agents of 46 strains isolated from 37 patients during these 2 years was determined. Combination of the two typing methods yielded 14 different DNA types. Although the majority of DNA types were randomly distributed among different units, one DNA type was significantly more common in patients hospitalized in a given unit compared with those from other wards (P=0.034), whereas another DNA type was more frequently isolated in patients hospitalized during 1996 than in those hospitalized during 1998 (P=0.002). Fluconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole MIC90 values were 16, 1 and 4 microg ml-1, respectively. All isolates but three were susceptible in vitro to flucytosine. All isolates were susceptible in vitro to amphotericin B. These data suggest that there are possible relationships among strains of C. pelliculosa, wards and time of isolation. Amphotericin B seems to be the optimal drug therapy in infections due to this yeast species.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/genética , Candidíase/microbiologia , Variação Genética , Candida/classificação , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candidíase/epidemiologia , DNA Fúngico/análise , Genótipo , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Cariotipagem/métodos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos
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