[Immunoglobulin level (G, A and M) in healthy adults]. / Uroven' immunoglobulinov (G, A, i M) u zdorovykh vzroslykh liudei

The simple radial immunodiffusion method was applied to determination of the quantitative content of three principal classes of immunoglobulins (G, A and M) in 987 blood sera of healthy adults, Moscow residents, aged from 19 to 50 years (donors). Monospecific antisera and standard sera were used. Investigations were carried out in men and women of three age groups: 19--29, 30--39 and 40--50 years old. The mean level of immunoglobulins G, A and M was expressed in International Units (IU/ml) and in milligrams per 100 ml of the serum (mg%). The IgG and the IgM concentration proved to be higher in women than in men in all the age groups (the detected differences were statistically significant); as to the average IgA level no statistically significant differences were revealed either by age or by sex. As a result of these studies mean levels of immunoglobulin G, A and M were determined in the blood sera of adult healthy persons, Moscow residents; which could serve as the basis for comparing the immunoglobulin content under normal conditions and in different pathological conditions of the organism.

[Vascular hyalinosis in diabetic microangiopathy]. / O gialinoze sosudov pri diabeticheskoi mikroangiopatii

A histochemical and immunoluminescent investigation of hyalin of arterioles ans small arteries of the kidney, spleen, pancreas and skin were carried out. In 20 patients with diabetes mellitus of a various degree of gravity and duration hyalinosis represented a manifestation of microangiopathy; it was particularly pronounced in the vessels of the spleen and kidney, and in a lesser degree--in the vessels of the pancreas and skin. The intensity of hyalinosis was directly proportional to the duration of the disease; Immunomorphologically, hyaline masses devealed globulins, gamma M-, gamma G-immunoglobulins, complement, albumins, beta-lipoproteins, fibrinogens, which indicates to a hematogenic nature of the vascular hyalin. The presence in hyalin of G an M-immunoglobulins and complement may testify to the participation in its formation of immune mechanisms, together with metabolic ones.

[Immunoglobulins and staphylococcal antitoxin in the sera of patients subjected to surgery for acute appendicitis]. / Immunoglobuliny i stafilokokkovoi antitoksin v syvorotkakh bol'nykh, operirovannykh po povodu ostrogo appenditsita

The content of staphylococcus antitoxin and IgA, IgG and IgM was studied in the sera of 200 patients operated on for various forms of acute appendicitis. 147 patients were subjected to express-immunization with a crude staphylococcus toxoid. It was revealed that the IgA, IgG and IgM level was much lower in the operated on patients than in healthy persons. Express immunization with the toxoid led to a marked increase in the level of staphylococcus antitoxin and also of the IgA, IgG, IgM in the sera of the vaccinated persons. There was no distinct association between the immunoglobulin content in the sera of the patients and the appearance in them of postoperative complications of staphylococcus etiology; it is not excluded, however, that an intensified IgM synthesis could play a certain role in the protection of the macroorganism from staphylococcus infection. A moderate, but statistically significant correlation between the titre of the staphylococcus antitoxin in the sera of the patients and the content of the IgM and IgA in them was revealed.

[Immunofluorescence study of reactions between the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and components of connective tissue cellular elements]. / Izuchenie reaktsii syvorotki bol'nykh revmatoidnym artritom s komponentami kletochnykh élementov soedinitel'noi tkani metodom immunofliuorestsentsii.

By means of immunofluorescence using sera against three classes of human immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA), localization of the components (or one of the components) responsible for reaction of sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with connective tissue antigens was found to be in the cytoplasm of different kinds of cell elements of the connective tissue present in joints. Sera from RA patients collected at different stages of the disease reacted with connective tissue cell elements in titers of 1 : 64 to 1 : 1024, whereas sera from normal subjects (in 33% of specimens) reacted only to 1 : 8--1 : 16.

[Comparative study of the immunoglobulin content in persons from leptospirosis foci in different geographical zones of the RSFSR]. / Sranvitel'noe izuchenie soderzhaniia immunoglobulinov u liudei iz ochagov leptospiroza razlichnykh geograficheskikh zon RSFSR.

The authors carried out a comparative study of the content of serum immunoglobulins in persons from the leptospirosis foci of various geographical zones of the RSFSR: European part--the Centre (Moscow and Ryazan regions), the South (Checheno-Ingush ASSR and Krasnodar Territory), and Western Siberia (Altai territory), Leptospira of serological group Pomona, Grippotyphosa, and Hbedomadis served as the causative agents of the diseases. It appeared that the annual course of the climatic factors acted equally (inhibitory action) on the immuno-globulin metabolism in the residents of temperate and southern zones of the RSFSR at the warm period of the year (May-September), and in the Western Siberia- in winter. However, irrespective of the time of the year, the level of immunoglobulins G and A was greater in the residents of Western Siberia than in the native population of the European part. There proved to be no correlation between the levels of leptospirosis seropositivity in the foci of infection under study and the serum immunoglobulins in local residents of various geographical zones.

[Development of an IHI test for detection of immunoglobulins of different classes]. / Razrabotka reaktsii RTNGA dlia obnaruzheniia immunoglobulinov razlichnykh klassov

The authors elaborated a method of obtaining stable erythrocytic diagnostic agent intended for titration of immunoglobulins A, M and G in the human blood serum by means of the indirect hemagglutination inhibition test (IHI). The suggested microdroplet method of conducting the IHI test permits to reveal (X +/- m): IgG--0.29 +/- 0.15 microng/ml, IgM--1.56 +/- 0.2 microng/ml, and IgA--0.16 +/- 0.07 microng/ml. The test is highly specific, simple and can be used in practical serological laboratories. The result is obtained in 2 1/2--3 hours.

[Indirect hemagglutination inhibition reactions as a method of titrating immune serums. V. Application of the reaction to the quantitative determination of immunoglobulins A, M and G in human blood sera]. / Reaktsiia tormozheniia nepriamoi gemaggliutinatsii kak metod titrovaniia immunnykh syvorotok. Soobshchenie V. Primenenie reaktsii dlia kolichestvennogo opredeleniia immunoglobulinov A, M i G v syvorotkakh krovi liudei

The authors present the results of using the indirect hemagglutination inhibition test (IHIT) for quantitative determination of A, M and G immunoglobulins in the blood sera of humans in comparison with the method of radial immunodiffusion in agar (RID) after Mancini. The results of IHIT were no less precise and reproducible than those of RID. The significance of the correlation coefficient of grades after Spirman constituted greater than 99.9% for both tests. On this basis a conclusion was made that, having a number of advantages over RID, IHIT could be recommended for quantitative titration of immunoglobulins of various classes.

[Utilization of luminescent monospecific sera against human immunoglobulins G, A and M for diagnostic purposes]. / Ispol'zovanie liuminestsiruiushchikh monospetsificheskikh syvorotok protiv immunoglobulinov G, A, M cheloveka dlia diagnosticheskikh tselei

A method for obtaining luminescent sera, consisting in isolation of pure antigens G, A, M from human gamma-globulin and blood serum from patients with myeloma disease is suggested. A native antiserum was obtained by immunization of rabbits with water-insoluble polycondensate of antigens "sewn" with glutaric aldehyde. Adsorption of antisera as well as specific antigens was carried out with antigen- and antibodyimmunosorbent, the latter being obtained with the help of both glutaric aldehyde and sefarose 4B treated with cyanogen bromide. The sera had a specific titre in the precipitation reaction against their own antigens 1:32 and were highly specific. A globulin fraction was obtained by sedimentation with polyethylene-glycol. Marking of the specific protein with fluoresceine isothiocyanate was carried out using the dialysis method with subsequent purification on sefadex and DEAE-cellulose. The application of the abovementioned sera made it possible to ascertain the character of distribution of deposits of immunoglobulins in glomeruli in systemic lupus erythematodes, glomerulonephritis and in the cells of the synovial fluid sediment in rhematoid arthritis.

[Receptors for polysaccharides of group A streptococci on human thymic lymphocytes. Stimulation of their expression by action of adenosine, theophylline and supernatant of thymocytes]. / Retseptory k polisakharidu streptokokka gruppy A na limfotsitakh timusa cheloveka. Stimuliatsiia ikh ékspressii pri deistvii adenozina, teofillina i dekantata timotsitov.

It was established by indirect immunofluorescence that thymic lymphocytes bear receptors for polysaccharide of group A streptococci (Rps). The ability of thymic lymphocytes to express Rps depends on the cAMP concentration in the cell, because the treatment of thymocytes with adenosine and theophylline increases the number of cells with Rps (Tps cells). Supernatant of thymic lymphocytes is also capable of stimulating expression of Rps. Because the A-polysaccharide has common antigenic determinant with thymus epithelium antigen it can be assumed that A-polysaccharide links with the thymocytes via receptor for this epithelial antigen. This assumption needs a detailed study in view of the hypothesis about the important role of cross-reactive antigens of group A streptococci in generating autoimmune process during rheumatic fever and other streptococcal diseases. It should also be noted that Rps may be a useful marker for identification and studying the changes of Tps subpopulation in the thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs of patient with different streptococcal diseases.

[Stimulation of expression of IgM and IgG receptors on human thymus lymphocytes after treatment with lactoferrin in vitro]. / Stimuliatsiia ékspressii retseptorov dlia IgM i IgG na limfotsitakh timusa cheloveka pri deistvii laktoferrina in vitro.

It was established by immunofluorescence that lactoferrin, one of the heteroorganic thymus antigens, can stimulate the expression of Fc mu and Fcj receptors on thymus lymphocytes. The stimulating effect of lactoferrin on T mu cells is more pronounced with the level of these cells in the thymus being low. Its effect on Tj cells seems independent of their level in the thymus and may be related to their precursor differentiation. It can be assumed that one of the functions of lactoferrin in the thymus is to influence the process of differentiation of T mu and Tj cells and to regulate their level in the thymus. Lactoferrin, like other heteroorganic thymus antigens, may take part in the functional maturation of different subpopulations of thymocytes, including T mu and Tj thymus cells.

[Reaction between myasthenia patients' sera and the antigenic structure of the surface of thymic lymphocytes of healthy subjects and myasthenia gravis patients]. / Reaktsiia syvorotok bol'nykh miasteniei s antigennoi strukturoi poverkhnosti limfotsitov timusa zdorovykh liudei i bol'nykh miasteniei gravis.

It has been established that sera from myasthenia patients contain in 42% of cases IgG antibodies to the point antigenic structure on the lymphocyte surface of the human thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. This antigenic structure is less pronounced on the lymphocytes from the thymus of normal subjects as compared with lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph nodes. On the contrary, the thymocytes from myasthenia patients show an elevated content of the antigen in question and do not differ in this respect from lymphocytes of the peripheral lymphoid organs of normal man.

[Serum immunoglobulins in children with diabetes mellitus]. / Syvorotochnye immunoglobuliny u detei, bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The authors present the results of studying immunoglobulins of classes A, M, and G in 40 children with diabetes mellitus; immunoglobulin level was analyzed depending on a number of clinical diabetes mellitus indices and insulin antibody titres. The III type of dysgammaglobulinemia was found to be characteristic of patients with microangiopathies; changes in the immunoglobulin content were directly opposite to the changes revealed in patients with microangiopathies. With increasing the duration of diabetes there was an aggravation of dysgammaglobulinemia characteristic of these two groups of patients. The level of immunoglobulins under study was greater in the patients with lipoatrophies and in those without any hereditary predisposition to diabetes than in patients without lipoatrophies and without any hereditary predisposition to diabetes, respectively. A regular reduction of all the immunoglobulins level was observed only in patients with glucosuria of not less than 100 g/24 hours. Immunoglobulin content showed no significant association with the patients' sex, age, the insulin antibody titre, and the age at which diabetes developed, or with hyper cholesterolemia and enlargement of the liver.

[Bound immunoglobulins and immune complexes in the thymus of myopathy patients]. / Sviazannye immunoglobuliny i immunnye kompleksy v timuse bol'nykh miopatiei.

Profound changes in epithelial and lymphoid tissues were detected by the immunofluorescent technique in the thymus of myopathy patients. The characteristic immunomorphological manifestation indicating injuries to the thymic epithelial tissue is the sedimentation of IgG, IgA and complement in basal membranes and in the cytoplasm of adjacent poorly differentiated epithelial cells. Another remarkable sign of the changes in the thymic epithelial tissue during the disease is a sharply marked cystic degeneration of Hassall bodies, eventuating in the sedimentation of keratinized material in the internal environment of the organ. The changes in the thymic lymphoid tissue during myopathy are confirmed by the sedimentation of immune complex granules, containing IgM, IgA, IgG, and complement, in the intercellular space bordering individual groups of corticomedullar zone lymphocytes. The data obtained suggest that the thymic changes play an important part in the development and course of progressing muscle dystrophy.