Resilience, coping and Personal Factors of medical students at a Public University; Karachi, Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To assess resilience levels of medical students, identify factors associated with it, and explore association between coping styles and resilience level among medical students. METHODS: The analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from February to June 2022, and comprised medical students regardless of gender and the academic year. Data was collected using self-administered socio-demographic form, Brief Resilience Scale and Brief Cope. Data was analysed using SPSS 28. RESULTS: Out the 301 participants, 197(65.4%) were females and 104(34.6%) were males. The overall mean age was 20.7±1.849 years. Of the total, 132(43.9%) students had low resilience, with males having better resilience compared to females (p<0.001). Higher resilience was seen in year 1 students compared to those of clinical years (p=0.029). There was a significant positive correlation between high resilience and problem-focussed coping, while a significant negative correlation was found between resilience and avoidant and emotionally focussed strategies (p<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between resilience levels and age (p<0.025). There was a significant difference in resilience scores with respect to the last grade point average, sleep hours, and hours spent studying (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: More than one-third medical students demonstrated low resilience, and the majority reported adopting emotion-focussed coping style.

A qualitative study on redefining normality in relatives of patients with advanced cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To obtain insight into adaptation processes of redefining normality and its influencing factors in relatives of patients with advanced cancer. METHODS: An exploratory qualitative study among relatives of patients with advanced cancer was conducted. Participants were purposively recruited. Ten in-depth individual (relative only) and 16 dyad (relative and patient together) interviews were conducted, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by means of thematic analysis, drawing on elements of grounded theory, combining both inductive and deductive elements. RESULTS: Two adaptation processes of (redefining) normality were identified: assimilation and accommodation. The latter was found to be the main way of adapting to new events. Assimilative coping strategies entailed "continuing to do the same activities as done before the disease," "difficulty accepting the situation," "avoiding to think about the disease," and "living in the short term." Accommodative strategies involved "arranging practical matters," "thinking about the future," "doing what is feasible," "engaging in new activities," "accepting the situation," "seeking distraction," "living in the short term," and "focusing on what truly matters in life." The interplay between the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, a deteriorating disease status, and the accompanying uncertainty about the future was of influence on the relatives' coping strategies. CONCLUSION: When the new situation is too divergent to assimilate, accommodation may be necessary for relatives to cope with the growing complexity of the consequences of their loved one's illness. Accommodative coping then involves accepting the changing reality and actively making the necessary adjustments to build resilience and cope with the new circumstances.

[Peer counseling for amputations : A somewhat different instrument in trauma surgery]. / Peerberatungen bei Amputationen : Ein etwas anderes unfallchirurgisches Instrument.

The abrupt onset of the situation after a traumatic amputation and the preparatory discussions following unsuccessful attempts to preserve limbs with necessary amputation require a high level of empathy, attention and well-founded information individually tailored to the affected individuals. Optimization of the treatment process can only be achieved by considering these aspects.The self-motivation and cooperation of the patient should be encouraged. To achieve this goal, the professions involved are less suitable for counseling due to a lack of personal experience, whereas so-called peers, as knowledgeable and experienced advisors, are more appropriate. This insight can be derived from existing studies. Peer counseling has increasingly been integrated into routine treatment following amputations in trauma surgery, with positive effects. It is considered guideline-compliant therapy not only in rehabilitation. Against the background of long-standing legislation, especially the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the demands of those affected by amputation, the following presentation focuses on the instrumentalization and benefits of counseling. The structures of this particular counseling option, including regular training of counselors and established implementation, are currently not necessarily given but are continuously expanding and being adapted to needs. Concrete scientific evidence regarding measurable effects and positive impacts on outcomes is pending and are presented in a current research project.

Stress levels and coping strategy of nursing students in online learning during COVID-19 Pandemic. A mixed-methods study.

Objective: To explain the stress level and coping strategies of nursing students in online learning during Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: . Explanatory sequential mixed method QUAN-QUAL study conducted at a private university in Bandung, Indonesia. Of the 260 nursing students, 157 consented to participate and answered a Depression Anxiety Scale-42 (DDAS-42) and The Ways of Coping in the Indonesian version. The participants of the quantitative phase with the indicative of stress were interviewed individually (n=17) to provide an in-depth understanding of the students' experiences of stress and coping strategy in online learning. Results: Almost one out of two students (47.1%) had some level of stress (16% between severe and extremely severe). Most nursing students (45.9%) used emotion focused coping strategies. Stress level was significantly higher among female students and internship academic level (p < 0.05). Nursing students' sources of stress were new experiences and hindrances to online learning. Coping strategies included seeking support and positive acceptance. Conclusion: A high proportion of nursing students experienced stress during their education process in COVID-19 times; they used specially emotion-focused coping strategies to reduce barriers to online learning.

From Surviving to Living (on): A Grounded Theory Study on Coping in People with Pancreatic Cancer.

Little research has been conducted on the experience of pancreatic cancer from a patient's perspective. Several factors suggest that trajectory models of chronic illness or other cancers cannot be applied to pancreatic cancer. Within this grounded theory study, 26 problem-centred interviews were conducted with people with pancreatic cancer from Germany. A cancer-specific trajectory model was developed, depicting both curative and palliative courses. Two successive phases form the core: Immediately after diagnosis, there is an acute phase in which patients focus on mere survival, attempt to overcome the short-term consequences of pancreatic cancer and search for information. This initial phase is followed by a circular phase of living on with pancreatic cancer, characterized by adaptation to the long-term consequences of the disease and a repeated experience of fear of recurrence or progression and threat in the context of follow-up examinations. Understanding disease trajectories from a patient's perspective enables health professionals better to understand patients' needs, concerns, and fears and better support them in coping. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00020251, 13.01.2020.

Occupational stress and coping strategies of nursing staff in times of Covid-19

Introduction: The increase in the workload of health professionals and the degree of complexity of patients, attribute greater risk to psychosocial stress. Objective: To evaluate the associations between occupational stress, quality of life at work, and coping strategies by the hospital nursing team during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross sectional, quantitative study with convenience sampling, data collection from August to December 2020; in two units of the private hospital network, with sociodemographic, occupational and health questionnaires; visual analogue scale for assessing quality of life at work; Demand-Control-Support (DCS); Occupational Coping Scale. Results: The total sample consisted of 196 nursing professionals. There was significant certainty (negative, however, the dimension "Demand" of the DCS and QWL (<0.001, r=-0.367). Control over work-related work has a significant quality (but the "Control" dimension of the DCS and QWL (=0.025, r=0.160); and significantly negative, however, between the "Social Support" dimension of DCS and "Negative Equivalence" of Coping (p=0.003, r=-0.2013). Conclusion: The findings of this study allowed the correlation between occupational stress, coping and quality of life at work, showing that the lower the social support, the greater the use of avoidance strategies and consequently decline in quality of life at work. They also allowed us to identify the coping strategies used by the nursing staff and quality of life at work in the face of occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Coping familiar no cuidado à criança com síndrome de Down: revisão de escopo / Family coping in caring for children with Down syndrome: a scoping review

RESUMO Objetivo mapear as estratégias de coping que contribuem para o cuidado familiar à criança com síndrome de Down. Métodos revisão de escopo, segundo o método JBI. Foram consultadas seis bases de dados eletrônicas e uma biblioteca virtual com apoio da plataforma Rayyan. Os critérios de elegibilidade foram estudos disponíveis e publicados na íntegra, que abordassem estratégias de coping no cuidado familiar a crianças com síndrome de Down. A análise dos dados foi do tipo narrativa. Resultados foram recuperados 381 registros e 14 permaneceram nesta revisão. Seis estilos de coping foram identificados: manejo das emoções, tomadas de decisão, aquisição de conhecimentos sobre a síndrome de Down e situações que a envolvem, busca de apoio, comunicação intrafamiliar e com profissionais e práticas de espiritualidade. Conclusão para equilibrar as demandas apresentadas pelas crianças e os recursos disponíveis, os integrantes da família precisam adotar estratégias cognitivas e comportamentais para lidar com as adversidades nos cuidados com a criança com síndrome de Down. Contribuições para a prática: o estudo apresenta evidências para nortear enfermeiros e outros profissionais de saúde a guiar famílias na utilização de diferentes formas de enfrentamento diante dos eventos estressores vivenciados por estas.

ABSTRACT Objective to map the coping strategies that contribute to family care for children with Down syndrome. Methods scoping review, using the JBI method. Six electronic databases and a virtual library were consulted with the support of the Rayyan platform. The criteria for eligibility were studies available and published in full, which addressed coping strategies in family care for children with Down syndrome. Data analysis was of the narrative type. Results 381 records were retrieved and 14 remained in this review. Six coping styles were identified: managing emotions, decision-making, acquiring knowledge about Down's syndrome and situations involving it, seeking support, communicating within the family and with professionals, and practicing spirituality. Conclusion in order to balance the demands presented by the children and the resources available, family members need to adopt cognitive and behavioral strategies to deal with the adversities of caring for a child with Down syndrome. Contributions to practice: the study presents evidence to guide nurses and other health professionals to help families use different ways of coping with the stressful events they experience.

Escala de Coping para Fala em Público (ECOFAP): evidências de validade de conteúdo e processos de resposta / Speaking in Public Coping Scale (ECOFAP): content and response process validity evidence

Resumo Objetivo Apresentar as evidências de validade baseadas no conteúdo e nos processos de resposta da Escala de Coping para a Fala em Público (ECOFAP). Método Estudo metodológico de elaboração e validação de instrumento. Seguiu-se o modelo de elaboração de instrumentos com procedimentos teóricos, empíricos e analíticos, baseados nos critérios de validade do Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (SEPT). O processo de obtenção das evidências de validade baseadas no conteúdo foi realizado em duas etapas: 1) definição conceitual do construto, elaborado com base nos preceitos teóricos da fala em público e da Teoria Motivacional do Coping (TMC); 2) elaboração dos itens e chave de respostas, estruturação do instrumento, avaliação por comitê de dez especialistas, reestruturação dos itens da escala, realizada em três momentos, até a elaboração da versão piloto da ECOFAP. O processo de resposta foi realizado com amostra de conveniência de 30 indivíduos, com e sem dificuldades de fala em público, no campus de uma universidade brasileira, pertencentes a diferentes extratos sociais e profissões. Nesse processo, foram analisadas qualitativamente as reações verbais e não verbais dos respondentes. Resultados A primeira versão da ECOFAP, composta por 46 itens, foi avaliada pelos juízes e posteriormente reformulada, resultando em uma segunda versão com 60 itens. Essa segunda versão foi novamente submetida à análise de especialistas e calculado o índice de validade de conteúdo por item. Foram excluídos 18 itens, originando uma terceira versão de 42 itens. As evidências de validade com base nos processos de resposta da versão de 42 itens foram aplicadas em uma amostra de 30 indivíduos, resultando na reescrita de um item e inclusão de mais seis itens, originando a versão piloto da ECOFAP de 48 itens. Conclusão A versão piloto da ECOFAP apresenta itens bem estruturados semântica e sintaticamente que representam estratégias de enfrentamento para a fala em público.

Abstract Purpose To present the content and response process validity evidence of the Speaking in Public Coping of Scale (ECOFAP). Methods A methodological study to develop and validate the instrument. It followed the instrument development method with theoretical, empirical, and analytical procedures, based on the validity criteria of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (SEPT). The process of obtaining content validity evidence had two stages: 1) conceptual definition of the construct, based on theoretical precepts of speaking in public and the Motivational Theory of Coping (MTC); 2) developing items and response keys, structuring the instrument, assessment by a committee with 10 specialists, restructuring scale items, and developing the ECOFAP pilot version. Item representativity was analyzed through the item content validity index. The response process was conducted in a single stage with a convenience sample of 30 people with and without difficulties speaking in public, from the campus of a Brazilian university, belonging to various social and professional strata. In this process, the respondents' verbal and nonverbal reactions were qualitatively analyzed. Results The initial version of ECOFAP, consisting of 46 items, was evaluated by judges and later reformulated, resulting in a second version with 60 items. This second version was again submitted for expert analysis, and the content validity index per item was calculated. 18 items were excluded, resulting in a third version of 42 items. The validity evidence based on the response processes of the 42-item version was applied to a sample of 30 individuals, resulting in the rewriting of one item and the inclusion of six more items, resulting in the pilot version of ECOFAP with 48 items. Conclusion ECOFAP pilot version has items with well-structured semantics and syntactic, representing strategies to cope with speaking in public.

Percepções de pessoas idosas que cuidaram de outras pessoas idosas em tempos de pandemia da covid-19 / Perceptions of elderly people who care for other elderly people in times of the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a percepção de pessoas idosas que cuidam de outras pessoas idosas sobre o cuidado oferecido, assim como as estratégias de enfrentamento de dificuldades nesse processo sob a ótica da Teoria de Coping no contexto da covid-19. Método Trata-se de um estudo fenomenológico, com pessoas idosas e participantes do Programa Universidade Aberta à Maturidade da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, que também são cuidadoras de pessoas idosas. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: questionário sociodemográfico e roteiro semiestruturado. Foram realizadas entrevistas por meio de videochamada e os dados foram avaliados pela Análise do Conteúd Resultados Participaram 17 idosos cuidadores com idades entre 60 e 79 anos. Foram elencadas três categorias temáticas: 1) Dificuldades enfrentadas no período da pandemia; 2) Estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas na época da pandemia; 3) Necessidades de melhoria na execução da função de cuidador. Conclusão Houve evidência de aumento do estresse, presença de ansiedade e risco de sobrecarga. Nessas circunstâncias, desenvolveram estratégias de enfrentamento através da educação, uso de redes sociais e de busca por apoio.

Abstract Objective To identify the perception of older adults who are caregivers for other older adults about the care offered, as well as the strategies for coping with difficulties in this process from the perspective of Coping Theory in the context of COVID-19. Method This is a henomenological study, with elderly people and participants in the Universidade Aberta à Maturidade, Program of the State University of Paraíba. Data collection instruments were a sociodemographic questionnaire, and semi-structured script. Interviews were carried out via video call and the data was evaluated by Content Analysis. Results 17 elderly caregivers aged between 60 and 79 years participated. Three thematic categories were listed: 1) Difficulties faced during the pandemic period; 2) Coping strategies used during the pandemic; 3) Needs for improvement in the performance of the caregiver role. Conclusion we found evidence of increased stress, presence of anxiety and risk of overload. In these circumstances, the participants developed coping strategies through education, use of social networks and seeking support.

Estresse ocupacional e estratégias de coping de enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Nurses' and nursing technicians' occupational stress and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic / Estrés ocupacional y estrategias de afrontamiento de enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Objetivos: avaliar os fatores geradores do estresse ocupacional dos enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem atuantes no cuidado direto aos pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19, durante a pandemia, e verificar sua relação com estratégias de coping adotadas pela equipe de enfermagem. Métodos: estudo transversal analítico, realizado em um hospital no interior do estado de São Paulo. A amostra de conveniência (n = 112) foi constituída por profissionais de enfermagem que responderam ao Inventário de Estresse de Enfermeiros e Inventário de Respostas de Coping no Trabalho. Para as análises inferenciais foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher, o teste de Mann-Whitney e o teste de Spearman (p < 0,05). Resultados: verificou-se elevado nível de estresse ocupacional em enfermeiros (M = 106,0; DP ± 23,1) e técnicos de enfermagem (M = 98,5; DP ± 25,1), com maior pontuação de enfermeiros para fatores intrínsecos ao trabalho, em comparação com técnicos de enfermagem. As relações interpessoais foram a principal fonte de estresse. As estratégias de coping com maiores médias foram as respostas de enfrentamento tanto para enfermeiros (M = 43,2; DP ± 8,5) quanto para os técnicos de enfermagem (M = 41,4; DP ± 9,1). Conclusões: a identificação dos fatores de estresse ocupacional e das estratégias de coping, bem como, suas repercussões no contexto laboral trouxeram contribuições importantes para entender a realidade contextual.

Objectives: to assess the factors that generate occupational stress among nurses and nursing technicians working in direct care for patients affected by COVID-19 during the pandemic and verify their relationship with coping strategies adopted by the nursing staff. Methods: an analytical cross-sectional study, carried out at a hospital in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. The convenience sample (n = 112) consisted of nursing professionals who answered the Nurses' Stress Inventory and the Coping Responses Inventory for Working Settings. For inferential analyses, chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman test were used (p < 0.05). Results: there was a high level of occupational stress in nurses (M = 106.0; SD ± 23.1) and nursing technicians (M = 98.5; SD ± 25.1), with higher scores among nurses for factors intrinsic to work compared to nursing technicians. Interpersonal relationships were the main source of stress. The coping strategies with the highest means were coping responses for both nurses (M = 43.2; SD ± 8.5) and nursing technicians (M = 41.4; SD ± 9.1). Conclusions: the identification of occupational stress factors and coping strategies and their repercussions at work brought important contributions to understanding the contextual reality.

Objetivos: evaluar los factores que generan estrés ocupacional entre enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería que actúan en el cuidado directo de pacientes afectados por COVID-19, durante la pandemia, y verificar su relación con las estrategias de afrontamiento adoptadas por el equipo de enfermería. Métodos: estudio analítico transversal, realizado en un hospital del interior del estado de São Paulo. La muestra por conveniencia (n = 112) estuvo compuesta por profesionales de enfermería que respondieron el Nurses' Stress Inventory y el Coping at Work Response Inventory. Para los análisis inferenciales, se utilizaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrado o exacta de Fisher, Mann-Whitney y Spearman (p < 0,05). Resultados: hubo un alto nivel de estrés ocupacional en enfermeros (M = 106,0; DE ± 23,1) y técnicos de enfermería (M = 98,5; DE ± 25,1), con puntuaciones más altas entre los enfermeros para factores intrínsecos al trabajo, en comparación con los técnicos de enfermería. Las relaciones interpersonales fueron la principal fuente de estrés. Las estrategias de afrontamiento con mayores promedios fueron las respuestas de afrontamiento tanto de enfermeros (M = 43,2; DE ± 8,5) como de técnicos de enfermería (M = 41,4; DE ± 9,1). Conclusiones: la identificación de factores de estrés ocupacional y estrategias de afrontamiento, así como sus repercusiones en el contexto laboral, trajeron importantes aportes para la comprensión de la realidad contextual.

Efficacy of a program in increasing coping strategies in firefighters: randomized clinical trial / Eficacia de un programa en el aumento de las estrategias de coping en bomberos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Eficácia de um programa no aumento das estratégias de coping em bombeiros: ensaio clínico randomizado

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of a program in increasing coping strategies focused on military firefighters' problems and emotions. Method: randomized, parallel, single-masked clinical trial. The sample consisted of 51 participants in the intervention group and 49 in the control group. The intervention group received the intervention program including coping strategies based on the Nursing Interventions Classification, lasting six consecutive weeks, one day a week. The control group followed the Service Unit routine. Descriptive statistics, Student's T test with Welch's correction and the Mann-Whitney test were used for the analyses. The magnitude of the intervention effect was calculated using Cohen's d index. A p-value of ≤0.05% was considered. Results: in the analysis of the mean difference between the scores in the groups, the means of the intervention group increased significantly for the coping strategies: social support (p = 0.009), acceptance of responsibility (p = 0.03), problem solving (p = 0.05) and positive reappraisal (p = 0.05). The impact of the intervention was moderate in magnitude for social support (d = 0.54). Conclusion: the intervention program enabled the increase of coping strategies focused on military firefighters' problems and emotions. ReBEC: RBR-8dmbzc.

Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de un programa en el aumento de las estrategias de coping enfocadas en el problema y en la emoción en bomberos militares. Método: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, paralelo, con enmascaramiento simple. La muestra se constituyó de 51 participantes en el grupo intervención y 49 en el control. El grupo intervención recibió el programa interventivo incluyendo las estrategias de coping basadas en la Clasificación de las Intervenciones de Enfermería, con una duración de seis semanas consecutivas, un día por semana. El grupo control siguió la rutina de la Unidad de Servicio. Para los análisis se utilizó estadística descriptiva, test T de Student con corrección de Welch y el test de Mann-Whitney. La magnitud del efecto de la intervención se calculó con el índice d de Cohen. Se consideró valor p≤0,05%. Resultados: en el análisis del promedio de la diferencia entre los puntajes en los grupos, los promedios del grupo intervención aumentaron significativamente para las estrategias de coping : soporte social ( p = 0,009), aceptación de la responsabilidad ( p = 0,03), resolución de problemas ( p = 0,05) y reevaluación positiva ( p = 0,05). El impacto de la intervención presentó magnitud moderada para el soporte social ( d = 0,54). Conclusión: el programa interventivo posibilitó el aumento de estrategias de coping enfocadas en el problema y en la emoción en bomberos militares. ReBEC: RBR-8dmbzc.

Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia de um programa no aumento das estratégias de coping focadas no problema e na emoção em bombeiros militares. Método: ensaio clínico randomizado, paralelo, com mascaramento simples. A amostra constituiu-se de 51 participantes no grupo intervenção e 49 no controle. O grupo intervenção recebeu o programa interventivo incluindo as estratégias de coping pautadas na Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem, com duração de seis semanas consecutivas, um dia por semana. O grupo controle seguiu a rotina da Unidade de Serviço. Para as análises utilizou-se estatística descritiva, teste T de Student com correção de Welch e o teste de Mann-Whitney. A magnitude do efeito da intervenção foi calculada com o índice d de Cohen. Considerou-se valor p ≤0,05%. Resultados: na análise da média da diferença entre os escores nos grupos, as médias do grupo intervenção aumentaram significativamente para as estratégias de coping : suporte social ( p = 0,009), aceitação da responsabilidade ( p = 0,03), resolução de problemas ( p = 0,05) e reavaliação positiva ( p = 0,05). O impacto da intervenção apresentou magnitude moderada para o suporte social (d = 0,54). Conclusão: o programa interventivo possibilitou o aumento de estratégias de coping focadas no problema e na emoção em bombeiros militares. ReBEC: RBR-8dmbzc.

O enfermeiro recém-formado na condição de segunda vítima / El enfermero recién graduado en condición de segunda víctima / The newly graduated nurse as a second victim

Resumo Objetivo Descrever a prevalência de enfermeiros recém-formados como segundas vítimas de eventos adversos e conhecer as condições de apoio recebidas nas instituições de saúde. Métodos Estudo transversal, descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa, cuja população foi constituída por enfermeiros recém-formados, que aceitaram responder ao questionário online, com perguntas relacionadas à admissão na instituição, envolvimento em eventos adversos e gerenciamento da condição de segunda vítima, contatados por e-mail, intermediado pelo Conselho Regional de Enfermagem de São Paulo. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados e teste de igualdade de proporções. Resultados A amostra final foi de 138 enfermeiros, 54,3% desconheciam o termo segunda vítima, 44,9% desconheciam a existência de protocolos institucionais para apoio emocional aos profissionais e 26,8% estiveram envolvidos em eventos adversos. Destes, 94,6% apresentaram como desfecho diante do evento o sofrimento emocional, frustração, culpa, tristeza, estresse, incapacidade, constrangimento e insegurança para realizar suas funções no trabalho; 59,5% receberam algum tipo de apoio e 21,6% receberam punição institucional. Conclusão A prevalência de enfermeiros recém-formados envolvidos em eventos adversos foi de 26,8%, e, entre os que vivenciaram esse incidente, a maioria apresentou como desfecho, sentimentos negativos e de insegurança na condução do trabalho. Após o evento, o apoio recebido partiu, na maioria das vezes, de colegas de trabalho e pessoas significativas, e, quanto ao apoio institucional, destaca-se ainda a necessidade de programas para suporte emocional, a fim de que esses profissionais superem quando se encontram na condição de segunda vítima.

Resumen Objetivo Describir la prevalencia de enfermeros recién graduados como segundas víctimas de eventos adversos y conocer las condiciones de apoyo recibidas en las instituciones de salud. Métodos Estudio transversal, descriptivo y de enfoque cuantitativo, cuya población estuvo compuesta por enfermeros recién graduados, que aceptaron responder un cuestionario digital con preguntas relacionadas con la admisión en la institución, la participación en eventos adversos y la gestión de la condición de segunda víctima, contactados por correo electrónico e intermediado por el Consejo Regional de Enfermería de São Paulo. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo de los datos y prueba de igualdad de proporciones. Resultados La muestra final fue de 138 enfermeros. El 54,3 % desconocía el término segunda víctima, el 44,9 % desconocía la existencia de protocolos institucionales para apoyo emocional a profesionales y el 26,8 % estuvo involucrado en eventos adversos. De estos, el 94,6 % presentó, como consecuencia del evento, sufrimiento emocional, frustración, culpa, tristeza, estrés, incapacidad, vergüenza e inseguridad para realizar sus funciones en el trabajo; el 59,5 % recibió algún tipo de apoyo, y el 21,6 % recibió sanción institucional. Conclusión La prevalencia de enfermeros recién graduados involucrados en eventos adversos fue del 26,8 % y, de los que pasaron por estos incidentes, la mayoría presentó, como consecuencia, sentimientos negativos y de inseguridad en la conducción de su trabajo. Después del evento, el apoyo recibido, la mayoría de las veces, surgió de compañeros de trabajo y personas importantes. Respecto al apoyo institucional, también se observa la necesidad de programas para apoyo emocional para que estos profesionales se sobrepongan cuando se encuentren en condición de segunda víctima.

Abstract Objective To describe the prevalence of newly graduated nurses as second victims of adverse events and to know the conditions of support received in health institutions. Methods Cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study. The population consisted of newly graduated nurses who agreed to answer the online questionnaire with questions related to being hired at the institution, involvement in adverse events and management of the second victim condition. Contacted was by email, intermediated by the Regional Nursing Council of São Paulo. Descriptive data analysis and the test of equality of proportions were performed. Results The final sample consisted of 138 nurses, 54.3% were unaware of the term 'second victim', 44.9% were unaware of the existence of institutional protocols for emotional support to professionals and 26.8% were involved in adverse events. Of these, 94.6% presented emotional distress, frustration, guilt, sadness, stress, inability, embarrassment and insecurity to perform their duties at work as an outcome of the event; 59.5% received some type of support and 21.6% received institutional punishment. Conclusion The prevalence of newly graduated nurses involved in adverse events was 26.8%, and among those who experienced this incident, the majority presented negative feelings and insecurity in performing their work as an outcome. After the event, most of the time, the support received came from work colleagues and significant others. Regarding institutional support, the need for programs for emotional support is also highlighted, so that these professionals can overcome when finding themselves in the place of the second victim.

Anthropometry and physical appearance can be associated with quality of life in Brazilian women with Turner syndrome

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to analyze if anthropometric factors and physical appearance are associated to QoL in Turner syndrome (TS). Materials and methods: Observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study. The SF-36 was applied along with an additional questionnaire regarding specific characteristics of TS. Results: There were no differences in quality of life (QoL) in TS women regarding median height and appropriate height according to parental target height, however, participants satisfied and who did not desire to change their height had better scores in the mental health and role emotional domains than those not satisfied and desired to change it. When comparing participants who were or were not bothered by physical appearance, the results showed that those not bothered by physical appearance had a better score in the vitality and social function domains. Considering patients who did or did not desire to change physical appearance, those who did not want to change their physical appearance had higher scores in the mental component and in the social function and mental health domains of the SF-36. Conclusion: This study indicated that anthropometric factors and physical appearance may possibly be associated to QoL in TS, and also emphasizes the need to develop and validate an official questionnaire regarding specific TS characteristics in order to assess in more detail how specific characteristics of TS interfere with their QoL.

Health changes during Covid-19: a nationwide study with dental students

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the changes in stress levels, social behavior, dietary and parafunctional habits, oral hygiene, among other conditions perceived by dental students in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic and evaluated the correlations between stress level and other variables. METHODS An online questionnaire was developed and validated. Undergraduates enrolled in private and public dental schools were recruited by convenience sampling. Data were collected on the perceived changes regarding stress levels, financial and social characteristics, dietary habits, oral hygiene, health conditions, and parafunctional habits. Quantitative variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. Wilcoxon test evaluated comparisons between perceived changes, and correlations between changes in stress levels and other variables were analyzed by Spearman correlation (α = 0.05). RESULTS A total of 638 dental students, mean age of 22.95 ± 4.10 years, participated in the study. During the pandemic, the reported stress levels increased while household income decreased (p < 0.05). Late dinners and mindless eating increased in frequency, whereas oral hygiene decreased (p < 0.05). Most of the health conditions and parafunctional habits assessed changed (p < 0.05). Perceived stress levels showed poor negative correlations with household income (rS = −0.14), poor positive correlations with the pressure to contribute financially in the household (rS = 0.19), and poor positive correlations with food choice frequency (rS = 0.15) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dental students reported perceived changes in stress levels, dietary habits, oral hygiene, health conditions, parafunctional habits, and social behavior. Moreover, the results showed poor correlations, as students with higher stress levels tended to have the lowest household income, feel pressured to contribute financially in the household, and present a high meal intake frequency.

Burnout at the hospital: Healthcare workers coping with COVID-19 stress / Burnout no hospital: enfrentamento do estresse da COVID-19 por trabalhadores da saúde

Objective The first wave of COVID-19 was challenging for healthcare workers. This study analyzed the ways of coping with stress at a university hospital. Method A Sociodemographic Characterization, Risk and Exposure Assessment, Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-23), and COVID-19 Coping Scale were responded online by 181 professionals. Results The sample was composed mainly of women, white, married, physicians, with one job. Over 80% of the sample were at high exposure and risk for infection, with 17.1% having tested positive. The most reported stressors were risks of transmitting the disease, being hospitalized, and being separated from loved ones; 11% presented the risk of/probable burnout, with exhaustion and emotional impairment. They presented adaptive coping strategies, such as problem-solving and information-seeking, with a negative correlation between adaptive coping and burnout. Being a physician with maladaptive coping, in psychiatric care, and having religious beliefs were predictors of burnout. Conclusion Promoting adaptive coping may improve the mental health of these workers.

Objetivo A primeira onda da COVID-19 foi desafiadora para os profissionais de saúde. Este estudo analisou o enfrentamento do estresse em um hospital universitário. Método De forma online, 181 profissionais responderam: Caracterização Sociodemográfica, Avaliação do Risco e Exposição, Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-23) e Escala de Coping da COVID-19. Resultados A amostra foi composta principalmente por mulheres, caucasianos, casados, médicos, com um emprego. Tiveram alta exposição e risco à infecção mais de 80% da amostra, com 17,1% positivos. Os estressores mais relatados foram: riscos de transmitir a doença, ser hospitalizado e separado de pessoas queridas; 11% apresentaram risco/provável de burnout, com exaustão e prejuízo emocional. Apresentaram estratégias mais adaptativas, como Resolução de Problemas e Busca de Informações, havendo uma correlação negativa entre coping adaptativo e burnout. Ser médico, com coping mal adaptativo, em atendimento psiquiátrico e ter crença religiosa foram preditores de burnout. Conclusão Promover um coping adaptativo poderá melhorar a saúde mental desses trabalhadores.

Quality of life and coping in children with cancer / Qualidade de vida e coping em crianças com câncer

Objective: Cancer illness is a stressful event that affects children's quality of life. This study verified the association between coping and quality of life in 13 children with cancer (6 to 12 years old) from a public hospital in the Southeastern region of the country. Methods: The participants answered the Hospitalization Coping Scale and Pediatric Quality of Life 3.0 (Cancer Module). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were applied. A high average of adaptive coping and coping behaviors, such as talking, playing, and taking medicine, were observed. Results: The results suggest a potential positive correlation between quality of life related to the domain nausea, which also showed high scores, and adaptive coping, demonstrating children's difficulty in dealing with nausea, even after using adaptive coping strategies, and this domain was significant in reducing the quality of life perceived. Conclusion: Understanding coping and qualitywww of life may steer intervention in Pediatric Oncology.

Objetivo: O adoecimento por câncer é um evento estressor que afeta a qualidade de vida das crianças. Este estudo verificou associações entre coping e qualidade de vida em 13 crianças com câncer (6 a 12 anos), atendidas em um hospital público da região sudeste do país. Método: Os participantes responderam a Escala de Coping da Hospitalização e Pediatric Quality of Life 3.0 (Cancer Module). Análises estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais foram aplicadas. Médias elevadas de coping adaptativo e de comportamentos de coping, como conversar, brincar e tomar remédio, foram verificadas. Resultados: Os resultados sugerem uma possível correlação positiva entre qualidade de vida relacionada ao domínio "enjoo", que também apresentou escores altos, e coping adaptativo, demonstrando a dificuldade das crianças para lidarem com náuseas, mesmo usando estratégias de coping adaptativo, sendo esse domínio significativo na diminuição da qualidade de vida percebida. Conclusão: Foi concluído que a compreensão do coping e da qualidade de vida pode direcionar a assistência psicológica em Oncologia Pediátrica.

Psychological quality in middle and long-distance training / Qualidade psicológica no treinamento de média e longa distância / Calidad psicológica en el entrenamiento de media y larga distancia

ABSTRACT Introduction: Middle and long-distance running combine endurance and speed, demanding constant speed and minimizing physical losses. Sports fatigue is frequent in competition and the practice of these races. Therefore, middle and long-distance runners are prone to characteristics such as nervousness, negativity, or boredom. Objective: Explore the role of mental health in middle and long-distance runners in track and field events. Methods: Fourteen Chinese middle and long-distance runners were selected. The players undergo a 10-week psychological quality test. A questionnaire survey was conducted before and after completing the 10 weeks of psychological quality education. The data obtained from the experiment were statistically analyzed. The practical teaching of athletes and the form of psychological education were explained and discussed. Results: The psychological quality of stability in the athletes' movements are reflected inaccurate feedback, the balance of challenging skills, a high sense of control, concentration, and clear purpose. The characteristics of psychological quality were a fusion of awareness of behavior, pleasant experience, loss of self-consciousness, and space-temporal transformation. There were significant differences in the level of stable psychological quality of athletes under different sports levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: Mental quality promotion exercises for middle and long-distance runners can help them to quickly adjust their minds, improving their competitive abilities. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A corrida de média e longa distância combina resistência e velocidade, exigindo constante velocidade e minimização das perdas físicas. A fadiga esportiva é frequente na competição e na prática dessas corridas. Portanto, os corredores de média e longa distância estão propensos a características como nervosismo, negatividade ou tédio. Objetivo: Explorar o papel da saúde mental nos corredores de média e longa distância em eventos de atletismo. Métodos: Foram selecionados 14 corredores chineses de média e longa distância. Os jogadores passam por um teste de qualidade psicológica de 10 semanas. Foi realizada uma pesquisa por questionário antes e depois de completar as 10 semanas de educação de qualidade psicológica. Os dados obtidos a partir do experimento foram analisados estatisticamente. O ensino prático dos atletas e a forma de educação psicológica foram explanados e discutidos. Resultados: A qualidade psicológica da estabilidade nos movimentos dos esportistas reflete-se em feedback preciso, equilíbrio das habilidades desafiadoras, alto senso de controle, concentração e propósito claro. As características da qualidade psicológica foram a fusão da consciência do comportamento, experiência agradável, perda da autoconsciência e transformação espaço-temporal. Houve diferenças significativas no nível de qualidade psicológica estável dos atletas sob diferentes níveis esportivos (P<0,05). Conclusão: Exercícios de promoção para a qualidade mental aos corredores de média e longa distância podem ajudá-los a ajustar rapidamente sua mente, melhorando suas capacidades competitivas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La carrera de media y larga distancia combina resistencia y velocidad, exigiendo una velocidad constante y la minimización de las pérdidas físicas. La fatiga deportiva es frecuente en la competición y en la práctica de estas carreras. Por lo tanto, los corredores de media y larga distancia son propensos a características como el nerviosismo, la negatividad o el aburrimiento. Objetivo: Explorar el papel de la salud mental en los corredores de media y larga distancia en las pruebas de atletismo. Métodos: Se seleccionaron catorce corredores chinos de media y larga distancia. Los jugadores se someten a una prueba de calidad psicológica de 10 semanas. Se realizó un cuestionario antes y después de completar las 10 semanas de formación en calidad psicológica. Los datos obtenidos del experimento se analizaron estadísticamente. Se explicó y discutió la enseñanza práctica de los atletas y la forma de educación psicológica. Resultados: La calidad psicológica de la estabilidad en los movimientos de los atletas se refleja en una retroalimentación precisa, un equilibrio de habilidades desafiantes, un alto sentido de control, concentración y un propósito claro. Las características de la calidad psicológica eran la fusión de la conciencia del comportamiento, la experiencia placentera, la pérdida de la conciencia de sí mismo y la transformación espacio-temporal. Hubo diferencias significativas en el nivel de calidad psicológica estable de los atletas en los distintos niveles deportivos (P<0,05). Conclusión: Los ejercicios de promoción de la calidad mental pueden ayudar a los corredores de media y larga distancia a ajustar rápidamente su mente, mejorando sus capacidades competitivas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Psychophysiology of basketball players submitted to high intensity exercise / Psicofisiologia dos jogadores de basquetebol submetidos ao exercício de alta intensidade / Psicofisiología de los jugadores de baloncesto sometidos a ejercicios de alta intensidad

ABSTRACT Introduction: The improvement of basketball performance results from the global impact of several factors such as physical complexion, function, quality, technology, tactics, psychology, intelligence, among others. The athlete's mental index has a high degree of importance in game performance. Objective: Analyze the influence of high-intensity exercise on the psychophysiological quality in basketball players by checking the correlation of the factors that affect basketball performance. Methods: Volunteer basketball players were randomly selected for the research. A comprehensive analysis and evaluation of physical function, physical quality and psychological characteristics of the athletes was performed. Results: There is a close relationship between physical quality, fundamental skills and psychological characteristics of basketball players. These factors showed a positive correlation trend. Physical fitness is most closely related to the basic techniques of the game. Conclusion: Basketball players must possess excellent physical and psychological qualities. Only in this way can athletes perform better on the sports field. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A melhoria do desempenho do basquete resulta do impacto global de vários fatores como compleição física, função, qualidade, tecnologia, tática, psicologia, inteligência, entre outros. O índice mental do atleta tem um elevado grau de importância no desempenho do jogo. Objetivo: Analisar a influência do exercício de alta intensidade sobre a qualidade psicofisiológica nos jogadores de basquetebol verificando a correlação dos fatores que afetam o desempenho do basquetebol. Métodos: Jogadores de basquetebol voluntários foram selecionados aleatoriamente para a pesquisa. Efetuou-se análise e avaliação abrangente da função física, qualidade física e características psicológicas dos atletas. Resultados: Existe uma estreita relação entre a qualidade física, as habilidades fundamentais e as características psicológicas dos jogadores de basquetebol. Estes fatores mostraram uma tendência positiva de correlação. A aptidão física está mais intimamente relacionada com as técnicas básicas do jogo. Conclusão: Os jogadores de basquetebol devem possuir excelentes qualidades físicas e psicológicas. Somente desta forma os atletas podem ter um melhor desempenho no campo esportivo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La mejora del rendimiento del baloncesto es el resultado del impacto global de varios factores como la complexión física, la función, la calidad, la tecnología, la táctica, la psicología y la inteligencia, entre otros. El índice mental del deportista tiene un alto grado de importancia en el rendimiento del juego. Objetivo: Analizar la influencia del ejercicio de alta intensidad sobre la calidad psicofisiológica en jugadores de baloncesto, verificando la correlación de los factores que afectan al rendimiento en baloncesto. Métodos: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente jugadores de baloncesto voluntarios para la investigación. Se realizó un análisis y una evaluación exhaustivos de la función física, la calidad física y las características psicológicas de los atletas. Resultados: Existe una estrecha relación entre la calidad física, las habilidades fundamentales y las características psicológicas de los jugadores de baloncesto. Estos factores mostraron una tendencia de correlación positiva. La aptitud física está más relacionada con las técnicas básicas del juego. Conclusión: Los jugadores de baloncesto deben poseer excelentes cualidades físicas y psicológicas. Sólo así los atletas pueden rendir más en el campo deportivo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Experiencias de pacientes COVID-19 en su transición por cuidados intensivos: un enfoque fenomenológico

Introducción: La enfermedad por coronavirus desencadena en algunas ocasiones la hospitalización de los pacientes en un área crítica, convirtiéndose en un acontecimiento incierto y desconocido. Objetivo: Explorar las experiencias de pacientes Covid-19 en su transición por cuidados intensivos en la ciudad de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas en Ecuador. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico, se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia en el que participaron ocho pacientes que estuvieron hospitalizados en el área mencionada, a los cuales se aplicó entrevistas semiestructuradas. Resultados: Se obtuvieron las categorías: Aceptación frente al ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos, Sentimientos ante la muerte, Incertidumbre por su enfermedad durante la hospitalización, Valorar la vida posterior al egreso, Sentimientos positivos al egresar de la unidad de cuidado intensivo, Sentimientos negativos al ingresar a la unidad de cuidado intensivo, Permanecer aislado de la familia, Acercamiento a Dios y a la familia y Fortalecimiento de vínculo entre enfermero-paciente. Conclusiones: Ingresar a la unidad de cuidados intensivos generó sentimientos negativos en los pacientes, al ocasionar inseguridad sobre el futuro de los mismos. De modo similar, durante su hospitalización presentaron temor a la muerte e incertidumbre por la enfermedad, sin embargo, tuvieron mecanismos de afrontamiento como el aferrarse a Dios, a la familia y contar con el cuidado de enfermería. En cuanto al egreso de los pacientes, manifestaron alegría y felicidad, valorando una nueva oportunidad de vida.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease sometimes triggers hospitalization of patients in a critical area, becoming an uncertain and unknown event. Objective: To explore the experiences of Covid-19 patients in their transition through intensive care in the city of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas in Ecuador. Methods: Qualitative study with phenomenological design, a convenience sampling was carried out with the participation of 8 patients who were hospitalized in the aforementioned area, to whom semi-structured interviews were applied. Results : The following categories were obtained: Acceptance of admission to the intensive care unit, Feelings about death, Uncertainty about their illness during hospitalization, Valuing life after discharge, Positive feelings upon discharge from the intensive care unit, Negative feelings upon admission to the intensive care unit, Remaining isolated from the family, Closeness to God and the family and Strengthening of the nurse-patient bond. Conclusions: Entering the intensive care unit generated negative feelings in patients, causing insecurity about their future. Similarly, during their hospitalization they presented fear of death and uncertainty about the disease; however, they had coping mechanisms such as clinging to God, to the family and counting on nursing care. As for the patients' discharge, they expressed joy and happiness, valuing a new opportunity in life.

Coping e processo de luto em familiares e pessoas significativas de vítimas mortais de COVID-19 / Grief and coping in family members and significant others of people who died from COVID-19 / Proceso de afrontamiento y duelo en familiares y personas significativas de víctimas mortales de COVID-19

Resumo Enquadramento: As restrições impostas pela pandemia COVID-19 dificultaram a vivência dos processos de luto, contribuindo o desenvolvimento de processos patológicos de luto. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de luto patológico em familiares de pessoas vítimas mortais de COVID-19; Verificar se as estratégias de coping predizem o luto. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, descritivo-correlacional e transversal. A amostra não probabilística teve 86 participantes. Os dados foram explorados através de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Cinquenta e dois familiares (60,5%) apresentaram um processo de luto complicado. A dimensão Gestão das emoções do coping está correlacionada positivamente com o luto, no global, (p = 0,29; p = 0,01), na dimensão de Negação e revolta (p = 0,35; p < 0,001) e com a dimensão Depressiva (p = 0,28; p = 0,01). Verificou-se ainda uma correlação negativa da dimensão Focada na tarefa com a dimensão específica de Negação e revolta (p = -0,24; p = 0,03). Conclusão: Os participantes apresentam uma elevada probabilidade de desenvolver processos de luto complicado, pelo que devem ser implementadas medidas de apoio psicológico.

Abstract Background: The constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic hindered the experience of grief and promoted the occurrence of complicated grief. Objective: To determine the prevalence of complicated grief in family members of people who died from COVID-19; to verify whether coping strategies can predict grief. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional observational study with descriptive-correlational analysis using a non-probability sample of 86 participants. The data were explored using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Fifty-two family members (60.5%) experienced complicated grief. Emotion-oriented coping correlated positively with grief in the Global dimension (p = 0.29; p = 0.01), the Denial and anger dimension (p = 0.35; p < 0.001), and the Depressive dimension (p = 0.28; p = 0.01). Task-oriented coping correlated negatively with the Denial and anger dimension (p = -0.24; p = 0.03). Conclusion: The participants present a high probability of experiencing complicated grief. Thus, the implementation of psychological support measures is recommended.

Resumen Marco contextual: Las restricciones impuestas por la pandemia de COVID-19 dificultaron la vivencia de los procesos de duelo, lo que propició el desarrollo de procesos de duelo patológico. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del duelo patológico en familiares de víctimas fallecidas de COVID-19. Verificar si las estrategias de afrontamiento (coping) predicen el duelo. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo-correlacional y transversal. La muestra no probabilística contó con 86 participantes. Los datos se exploraron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: cincuenta y dos familiares (60,5%) presentaron un proceso de duelo complicado. La dimensión de gestión de las emociones del afrontamiento se correlaciona positivamente con el duelo, en general, (p = 0,29; p = 0,01), con la dimensión de la Negación y la ira (p = 0,35; p < 0,001) y con la dimensión Depresiva (p = 0,28; p = 0,01). También hubo una correlación negativa de la dimensión Centrada en la tarea con la dimensión específica de la Negación y la ira (p = -0,24; p = 0,03). Conclusión: Los participantes tienen una alta probabilidad de desarrollar procesos de duelo complicados, por lo que deben aplicarse medidas de apoyo psicológico.