Development of method using language processing techniques for extracting information on drug-health food product interactions.

AIMS: Health food products (HFPs) are foods and products related to maintaining and promoting health. HFPs may sometimes cause unforeseen adverse health effects by interacting with drugs. Considering the importance of information on the interactions between HFPs and drugs, this study aimed to establish a workflow to extract information on Drug-HFP Interactions (DHIs) from open resources. METHODS: First, Information on drugs, enzymes, their interactions, and known DHIs was collected from multiple public databases and literature sources. Next, a network consisted of enzymes, HFP, and drugs was constructed, assuming enzymes as candidates for hubs in Drug-HFP interactions (Method 1). Furthermore, we developed methods to analyze the biomedical context of each drug and HFP to predict potential DHIs out of the DHIs obtained in Method 1 by applying BioWordVec, a widely used biomedical terminology quantifier (Method 2-1 and 2-2). RESULTS: 44,965 DHIs (30% known) were identified in Method 1, including 38 metabolic enzymes, 157 HFPs, and 1256 drugs. Method 2-1 selected 7401 DHIs (17% known) from the DHIs of Method 1, while Method 2-2 chose 2819 DHIs (30% known). Based on the different assumptions in these methods where Method 2-1 specifically selects HFPs interacting with specific enzymes and Method 2-2 specifically selects HFPs with similar function with drugs, the propsed methods resulted in extracting a wide variety of DHIs. CONCLUSIONS: By integrating the results of language processing techniques with those of the network analysis, a workflow to efficiently extract unknown and known DHIs was constructed.

[Investigation on the recommended dose of prebiotic in health food in China in 1996-2022].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the recommended dose distribution of prebiotic-containing health food in China. METHODS: The overall recommended dose of prebiotic health food was available from the label information of approved prebiotic health food from 1996 to 2022; the recommended dose distribution of prebiotic-containing health food was analyzed from different healthy functions and different ways of addition. RESULTS: There were 174 prebiotic-containing health food products with clear dose information, respectively, involving 5 prebiotics including Fructooligosaccharides, Galactooligosaccharides, Isomaltooligosaccharides, Xylo-oligosaccharides and Polydextrose, and the majority of prebiotics were added in combination, with 159 products. The recommended dose range of prebiotic-containing health food products was wide, and in general, the dose of prebiotic-containing health food products used alone was higher than the dose used in combination. The recommended daily intake range of health food containing Fructooligosaccharides was 5.28-17 500 mg/d, the recommended daily intake range of health food containing Isomaltooligosaccharides was 220-28 000 mg/d, the dose range of health food containing Xylo-oligosaccharides was 8.4-2 800 mg/d, the dose range of health food containing Polydextrose was 4-12 120 mg/d, the number of Galacto-Oligosaccharides products Only two kinds of products were included, with doses of 259.8 mg/d and 3500 mg/d, respectively. The claimed functions of prebiotic health food products were focused on laxative function, immunity enhancement, and regulation of intestinal flora. The application dose of prebiotic health food with different functional compounding additions was close to the overall dose. CONCLUSION: The recommended dosage range of prebiotics in health food containing prebiotics in China is large, and prebiotics in products are mainly added by compounding.

New measures to assess the "Other" three pillars of food security-availability, utilization, and stability.

BACKGROUND: In recent reviews of available measures, no existing measures assessed all four pillars of food security and most only assessed one or two pillars-predominantly the access pillar. The purpose of this study was to preliminarily develop novel measures of availability, utilization, and stability that are complementary to the USDA's household food security survey measure (HFSSM). METHODS: A formative phase included an expert advisory group, literature scans, and interviews with individuals experiencing food insecurity. From April-June 2021, the new measures were piloted in five states (California, Florida, Maryland, North Carolina, and Washington). The cross-sectional pilot survey included the new measures (perceived limited availability, utilization barriers, and food insecurity stability), scales and items for validation (e.g., food security, and self-reported dietary and health outcomes), and demographic questions. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess dimensionality, internal consistency was assessed using Kuder-Richardson formula 21 (KR21), and convergent and discriminant validity were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Also, a brief screener version was created for the utilization barriers measure that may be necessary for certain applications (e.g., clinical intake screening to inform referrals to assistance programs). RESULTS: The analytic samples (perceived limited availability (n = 334); utilization barriers (n = 428); food insecurity stability (n = 445)) were around 45 years old on average, most households had children, over two-thirds were food insecure, over three-fourths were women, and the samples were racially/ethnically diverse. All items loaded highly and unambiguously to a factor (factor loadings range 0.525-0.903). Food insecurity stability showed a four-factor structure, utilization barriers showed a two-factor structure, and perceived limited availability showed a two-factor structure. KR21 metrics ranged from 0.72 to 0.84. Higher scores for the new measures were generally associated with increased food insecurity (rhos = 0.248-0.497), except for one of the food insecurity stability scores. Also, several of the measures were associated with statistically significantly worse health and dietary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the reliability and construct validity of these new measures within a largely low-income and food insecure sample of households in the United States. Following further testing, such as Confirmatory Factor Analysis in future samples, these measures may be used in various applications to promote a more comprehensive understanding of the food insecurity experience. Such work can help inform novel intervention approaches to address food insecurity more fully.

Effect-Directed Profiling of 17 Different Fortified Plant Extracts by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Combined with Six Planar Assays and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

An effect-directed profiling method was developed to investigate 17 different fortified plant extracts for potential benefits. Six planar effect-directed assays were piezoelectrically sprayed on the samples separated side-by-side by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Multipotent compounds with antibacterial, α-glucosidase, ß-glucosidase, AChE, tyrosinase and/or ß-glucuronidase-inhibiting effects were detected in most fortified plant extracts. A comparatively high level of antimicrobial activity was observed for Eleutherococcus, hops, grape pomace, passiflora, rosemary and Eschscholzia. Except in red vine, black radish and horse tail, strong enzyme inhibiting compounds were also detected. Most plants with anti-α-glucosidase activity also inhibited ß-glucosidase. Green tea, lemon balm and rosemary were identified as multipotent plants. Their multipotent compound zones were characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry to be catechins, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid and gallic acid. The results pointed to antibacterial and enzymatic effects that were not yet known for plants such as Eleutherococcus and for compounds such as cynaratriol and caffeine. The nontarget effect-directed profiling with multi-imaging is of high benefit for routine inspections, as it provides comprehensive information on the quality and safety of the plant extracts with respect to the global production chain. In this study, it not only confirmed what was expected, but also identified multipotent plants and compounds, and revealed new bioactivity effects.

[Effect of Cooking and Processing on Quantitation of Soybean Proteins].

We examined the effects of cooking and processing on the quantitation of soy protein in various soy-based foods. For the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) extraction, the total protein content was measured by bicinchoninic acid assay, and the buffer extraction containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) was measured by the 2-D Quant Kit, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis (SDS-PAGE) of each extraction was performed. Furthermore, measurements were performed by various ELISAs. During the tofu cooking process, the protein concentrations of soaked soybeans and Seigo (soybean homogenized with water) fluctuated- the change in protein solubility due to the amount of water during sample homogenization was considered to be a factor. It was thought that the decrease in protein concentration due to heating of Seigo during soymilk production was considered to indicate thermal denaturation of the protein, and that SDS and ME extraction in tofu may affect the measurement system. In cooking excluding roasted beans, proteins with a mass of 50 kDa or above and around 20 kDa were denatured, and in twice-fried tofu, proteins around 40 kDa were denatured, but the protein concentration excluding boiled soybeans did not decreased. Furthermore, the protein concentration from roasted beans, yuba, roasted okara and fried tofu increased with the cooking time, suggesting that the denaturation temperature of the protein shifted to a high temperature as the water content decreased. Both of the two types of ELISAs that comply with the official labeling system of foods containing allergenic substances were useful for detecting soybean protein by detecting proteins and peptides in processed soybean products, fermented foods excluding natto, and health foods.

Hypoglycemic effects of bioactive ingredients from medicine food homology and medicinal health food species used in China.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic progressive systemic disease caused by a metabolic disorder. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that certain traditional Chinese medicines and their bioactive ingredients have obvious hypoglycemic effects. This literature review focuses on medicine food homology (MFH) and medicinal health food (MHF) species used in China with a hypoglycemic function and emphasizes the bioactive ingredients and their pharmacological effects. The bioactive ingredients of MFH and MHF have been divided into six categories: saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and others; and their sources, models, efficacy, and mechanisms of action have been described. It is noteworthy that the mechanisms of the bioactive ingredients of MFH and MHF with hypoglycemic effects have been summarized as follows: a) insulin-mimetic effects and restoration of the damaged pancreas; b) effect on glucose metabolism; c) increased insulin sensitivity and improved insulin resistance; and d) regulation of intestinal flora. We conclude that this review provides useful data and information to support the further investigation and application of MFH and MHF to treat DM.

Simultaneous separation and determination of 20 potential adulterant antigout and antiosteoporosis pharmaceutical compounds in herbal food products using LC with electrospray ionization MS/MS and LC with quadrupole-time-of-flight MS.

An analytical method for the simultaneous and reliable determination of 20 antigout and antiosteoporosis pharmaceutical compounds in adulterated health food products was developed using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The method was validated through the determination of specificity, linearity, limit of detection, and limit of quantification, method detection limit, method quantitation limit, precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability. The matrix effect was also determined. The validation results of the developed method are as follows: for solid and liquid blank samples, limits of detection ranged from 0.05 to 5.00 ng/mL and limits of quantification ranged from 0.15 to 15.00 ng/mL. Linearity was acceptable, and the correlation coefficients (R2 ) were ≥0.99 for all target compounds. Both intra and interday precision were less than 9.16% RSD, and accuracies ranged from 95.31 to 116.68%. Mean recoveries for different types of dietary supplements classified as powders, liquids, tablets, and capsules were found to be 80.81 to 117.62% with less than 15.00% relative standard deviation. The stability of the standard mixture solution was less than 11.72% relative standard deviation after 48 h. By the proposed method, the presence of dexamethasone was determined in seized herbal food products at concentrations that ranged from 126 to 215 µg/g.

Antibacterial activity of viable and heat-killed probiotic strains against oral pathogens.

Probiotics can stabilize gut flora, regulate intestinal immunity and protect the host from enteric diseases; however, their roles in oral health have received little attention compared to their roles in gut health. Nowadays, the prevalence of sugar-sweetened foods and abuse of antibiotics contribute towards dysbiosis of oral microbiota and drug resistance development in oral pathogens, resulting in various intractable oral diseases. We screened the antibacterial activities of viable and heat-killed probiotic strains against the oral pathogens Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The probiotic strains Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, L. rhamnosus CT-53, L. paracasei ET-66 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 displayed strong antipathogenic activities, whereas heat-killed AP-32, CT-53 and ET-66 displayed high levels of pathogen inhibition. The antibacterial activities of these probiotics were not associated with their H2 O2 production; L. acidophilus TYCA02 produced high levels of H2 O2 but merely exhibited moderate antibacterial activities. Oral tablets containing probiotics showed positive inhibitory effects against oral pathogens, particularly those containing viable probiotics. Our results indicate that probiotics prevent the growth of oral pathogens and improve oral health, providing insights into the antipathogenic efficacy of different probiotic species and their potential role in functional foods that improve oral health. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our study provides insights into the antipathogenic efficacy of different probiotic species and their potential roles in developing functional foods to improve oral health. We showed that the probiotic strains Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, L. rhamnosus CT-53, L. paracasei ET-66 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 have great potential for use in the development of functional foods to improve oral health. Since active probiotics may provide strong and long-term protection, the development of functional food products should favour the use of viable bacteria.

Cross-country experiences and lessons in nutraceutical health marketing in the United States, China, and India.

The distinction between food and drugs has blurred in recent years with a new - and novel - health paradigm representing a hybrid of "nutrition" and "pharmaceuticals." Nutraceuticals are formulated or processed to satisfy dietary requirements arising from physical or physiological conditions, and to treat certain diseases. This study examines the complex interface between the regulatory framework and nutraceutical marketing by drawing from the experiences of three leading global producers and markets: the United States, China, and India. It identifies opportunities in leveraging positive drivers of health marketing and the risks and challenges to market players, particularly in relation to product safety and effectiveness. Findings indicate that: 1) marketing incentives can stem from the regulatory framework; 2) regulation can yield adverse, albeit unintended, consequences on marketing activity; 3) containment or punishment of undesirable market behavior does not necessarily support the legitimate and desirable ends of health marketing; 4) uncommunicated differences between prescription nutraceutical products and nutraceutical supplements breed public confusion and misinformation, and encourage self-medication; and 5) health marketing may be effectively channeled to act as an agent of compliance and positive change. Practical implications and recommendations drawn from the comparative experiences of the three surveyed countries are addressed by way of conclusion.

[Accurate positioning and analysis on health function of high frequency anti-fatigue herbal medicines].

Fatigue is a widespread and complex physiological phenomenon. Chronic fatigue can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction, mental disorders and other serious pathological reactions. Therefore, how to relieve fatigue accurately and effectively is an important proposition to implement the concept of "Healthy China" in the new era. As an important part of Chinese medicine health industry, Chinese medicine health food has been developing rapidly in recent years. At present, there are 1 157 kinds of anti-fatigue health food on the market in China, most of which are single Chinese medicine and its compound. However, their functions are generally labeled as "anti-fatigue", and their function positioning is too extensive and unclear. With the deepened understanding of fatigue classification and its physiological and pathological basis, it is urgent to be combined with the progress of modern chemical and pharmacological stu-dies to differentiate and precisely position the anti-fatigue health effects of traditional Chinese medicine. For this purpose, the classifications of fatigue were summarized in this paper, and the mechanism of fatigue was explained from the aspects of energy metabolism, accumulation of metabolites, oxidative stress, inflammation, hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis and so on. We selected 10 traditional Chinese medicines which are most frequently used in health food, analyzed their anti-fatigue effect mechanisms, and summarized the best types of anti-fatigue food, so as to promote the scientific development of anti-fatigue health food industry, expand the market application scope of anti-fatigue health food, better respond to the construction of a healthy China and serve for people's health.

Insights into the Regulation of Algal Proteins and Bioactive Peptides Using Proteomic and Transcriptomic Approaches.

Oceans abound in resources of various kinds for R&D and for commercial applications. Monitoring and bioprospecting allow the identification of an increasing number of key natural resources. Macroalgae are essential elements of marine ecosystems as well as a natural resource influenced by dynamic environmental factors. They are not only nutritionally attractive but have also demonstrated potential health benefits such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory activities. Several bioactive peptides have been observed following enzymatic hydrolysis of macroalgal proteins. In addition, significant differences in protein bioactivities and peptide extracts of wild and cultivated macroalgae have been highlighted, but the metabolic pathways giving rise to these bioactive molecules remain largely elusive. Surprisingly, the biochemistry that underlies the environmental stress tolerance of macroalgae has not been well investigated and remains poorly understood. Proteomic and functional genomic approaches based on identifying precursor proteins and bioactive peptides of macroalgae through integrated multi-omics analysis can give insights into their regulation as influenced by abiotic factors. These strategies allow evaluating the proteomics profile of regulation of macroalgae in response to different growth conditions as well as establishing a comparative transcriptome profiling targeting structural protein-coding genes. Elucidation of biochemical pathways in macroalgae could provide an innovative means of enhancing the protein quality of edible macroalgae. This could be ultimately viewed as a powerful way to drive the development of a tailored production and extraction of high value molecules. This review provides an overview of algal proteins and bioactive peptide characterization using proteomics and transcriptomic analyses.

"Alone in a Sea of Rib-Tips": Alvenia Fulton, Natural Health, and the Politics of Soul Food1.

While the intersection between alternative medicine and the natural food movement in radical white communities of the 1960s and 1970s is well known, the connection between these traditions and the simultaneous revolution in the black foodscape has not received adequate attention. This paper addresses this gap by exploring how an alternative healer and minister from the rural South, Alvenia Fulton, rose to prominence in Chicago during the 1960s and 1970s as one of the major figures in the transformation of the black diet by harnessing the star power of her celebrity clients. Fulton hybridized her apprenticeship in slave herbalism with concepts from white Protestant health food lectures into a corrective nutrition program to bring health and renewal to black communities that were struggling under the burden of structural and medical racism. When, in the 1960s, coronary heart disease peaked for black Americans, soul food became the iconic diet of the civil rights movement. To help her community while respecting their culture, Fulton struck a careful bargain to encourage more black Americans to eat raw, natural, vegetarian food by subtly reimagining the historical contents of the slave diet.

[Evaluation of Safety Information of the Foods with Function Claims Based on Adverse Event Reports in Information System on Safety and Effectiveness for Health Foods Database].

Foods with Function Claims are allowed to label health claims based on scientific evidence evaluated by the manufacturers. To prevent health problems caused by inadequate use, the manufacturers should label proper safety information. To evaluate whether safety information is sufficiently provided, we conducted the adverse event review focused on popular functional ingredients using the database; Information system on safety and effectiveness for health food. The data suggested that causal factor of adverse events related to products containing soy isoflavone, ginkgo biloba extract and docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid were overdose intake, concomitant use with certain medicines, and use by whom with an allergic predisposition. However, the safety information on the label was insufficient to prevent adverse events on each products' label. It is important not only to encourage food manufacturers to provide sufficient information based on safety review, but also to inform consumers about adverse events.

[Research progress on functional soft candy of traditional Chinese medicine].

Functional soft candy of traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) can be used to supplement vitamins,enhance immunity,assist in lowering blood sugar,assist in lowering blood lipid,assist in lowering blood pressure,relax the bowel,reduce weight and fight againstoxidation.It has attracted much attention due to its effective improvement in the bad taste and incompatibility of traditional medicines.TCM functional soft candy and health food made by gel,sweetener and Chinese herbal medicines( which can be used both as food and medicine) approved by the State Food and Drug Administration were selected as the research objects in this paper.We combed and analyzed the research situation of health food dosage forms and effects,the functional factors of TCM functional soft candy,gelatin,sweetener,production process,and quality evaluation,etc.,and then,we discussed their existing problems and development prospects.After reviewing the relevant literature on TCM functional soft candy and health food researches published in recent years,we analyzed and summarized their dosage forms,health effects,gels,sweeteners,production process,quality evaluation and safety.The following problems in the research of TCM functional soft candy were pointed out: for examples,differences in the sensory evaluation of soft candy;whether the combination of several similar gels and sweeteners had an effect on human health; the lack of laws and regulations in health foods and the lack of uniform standards for quality evaluation.In summary,TCM functional soft candy is a new type of health food,which changes the dosage form of health food based on capsules and tablets.This move conforms to the physiological and psychological needs of consumers.Therefore,it is in line with the requirement of " Health China 2030" Planning Outline.

[Some thoughts on health food formulated with traditional Chinese medicine].

The health food industry is an important support for the big health industry and the strategy of healthy China. The Chinese medicine prescription health food has exceeded 60% of the total declared health food. However,the main basis for its function evaluation,the Technical Specification for Inspection and Evaluation of Health Food,was abolished in 2018,and 27 of them were based on modern medical and nutritional theories. Quantitative efficacy evaluation methods in western pharmacology are short of function claims and function evaluation methods reflecting the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine,which could affect the health food industry to a certain extent. Therefore,the establishment of the evaluation mechanism of Chinese medicine prescription health food which conforms to the positioning of health food and the theory of traditional Chinese medicine is helpful for the healthy development of health food industry. In this paper,this problem was explained from five aspects. First,how to differentiate the positioning of Chinese medicine prescription health food from ordinary food and medicine,and how to embody the characteristics of Chinese medicine. Secondly,the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine prescription health food and Chinese patent medicine. Thirdly,how to scientifically and reasonably determine the raw materials of traditional Chinese medicine prescription health food. Fourthly,how to explain the function claim of traditional Chinese medicine prescription health food,and how to evaluate its function scientifically and reasonably. Fifthly,the functional evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine prescription health food is connected with other national scientific and technological strategies. In this paper,a preliminary analysis of the Chinese medicine prescription health food was conducted from the above five aspects,and some personal views and suggestions were put forward,hoping to provide reference for the competent authorities and researchers.

[Current situation analysis and supervision suggestions of traditional Chinese medicine health food claiming to enhance immune function].

Number of products claiming to enhance immunity function ranks first among all the approved health food products,and number of products whose formula contains Chinese medicine accounts for two thirds of all the products claiming to enhance immunity function. Chinese medicine allowed to be used in health food has a specified range,and the safety of raw materials is generally higher.The usage amount of raw materials shall not exceed the upper limit stipulated in the literature or regulations. The claim of enhancement of immunity function is put forward by western medicine based on modern pharmacology and nutriology. However,immunity is wide in scope and complex in mechanism. The health food that contains Chinese medicine plays an active effect in enhancement of immunity under the guidance of Chinese medicine theory in many ways such as immune organs,immune cells and immune molecules. In this article,the author first analyzed the current use of raw materials for health food,then summarized the approved health food claiming to enhance immunity function,and conducted statistical analysis on the enhancement of immunity for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)health food,use of raw materials,compatibility of raw materials,conducted in-depth analysis on health food formula,safety,health function,quality control and production process from the perspectives of technical review,supervision and management. Finally,some suggestions on registration and supervision of TCM health food claiming to enhance immunity function were put forward from the perspectives of problems found in the supervision and from the demand of TCM health food in the future.

[Current evaluation situation and research strategies on enhanced immune function of health food containing Chinese materia medica].

At present,the function evaluation of health food containing Chinese materia medica is in lack of theoretical support of Chinese medicine,which can't reflect the function characteristics,dose-effect relationship and mechanism of functional food. What' s more,the evaluation technology of health food containing Chinese materia medica is relatively lagging behind and has been abolished now,which seriously restricts the development of health food containing Chinese materia medica industry. The proportion of health food containing Chinese materia medica with enhancing immune function is the highest among approved products,which is up to 30.33%. By collecting,analyzing and digging the current evaluation situation of enhancing immune function of health food containing Chinese materia medica,this paper has shown that there is no difference between health food containing Chinese materia medica evaluation and other functional food evaluation. What's more,there is a lack of characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). The technological means including evaluation of immune active substances is under-developed and the immune cell evaluation needs to be refined and improved urgently,restricting the development of health food containing Chinese materia medica industry. Therefore,the evaluation of the enhanced immune function of health food containing Chinese materia medica should be guided by health-preserving theory in TCM,and based on the identification of TCM constitution for its claim of health function. With TCM theory and modern scientific technological means,a new evaluation model for immune function enhancement of health food containing Chinese materia medica is put forward to distinguish it from other functional food and traditional medicines. Formulation of the evaluation technology and technical specifications suitable for health food containing Chinese materia medica can fundamentally ensure the healthy,orderly,fast and sustainable development of health food containing Chinese materia medica industry.

[Research,evaluation,industry status and development strategy of traditional Chinese medicine functional food].

With the development of social economy,people's demand for health services is growing rapidly. As health resource with Chinese characteristics,health food containing Chinese materia medica have broad prospect and great market space for development.However,at present,there are still many problems of health food containing Chinese materia media in the research,development,evaluation and market application. In addition,due to lack of theoretical support of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the research and development of health food containing Chinese materia media,blurred boundaries between health food containing Chinese materia media and other health products as well as TCM are present,lacking of TCM characteristics. In the evaluation process of health food containing Chinese materia media,the construction of functional food laws,regulations and evaluation norms is relatively lagging behind,which can't meet the needs of health food containing Chinese materia media research and development,severely restricting the development of health food containing Chinese materia media. Based on the research and evaluation of health food containing Chinese materia media,the existing problems were reviewed and the reasons for the deficiencies were analyzed in this paper. Guided by the theory of TCM,based on the constitution identification in TCM,and combined with modern scientific and technological means,a new research and development mode of functional food was put forward in this paper to distinguish health food containing Chinese materia media from TCM as well as general health products. Nevertheless,we should ensure the vitality of Chinese medicine health products with original thinking and scientific and technological connotations,and accelerate the harmonious,rapid and sustainable development of Chinese medicine health industry.

[Current situation and research strategy of quality control of health food containing Chinese materia medica].

Health food containing Chinese materia medica has many advantages in health preservation and reducing the risk of disease occurrence,which meets people's demands for " great health" and " preventive treatment of disease". However,due to its complex ingredients,diverse quality of raw materials,as well as the vagueness and lack of integrity for existing quality standards,chaos is caused in the health food market,which restricts its healthy development and also poses new challenges to the quality control of healthy food. At present,the total component content or single component content is determined in most functional/marker component examinations. Safety and microbial detection methods fail to cover the contamination range of the raw materials of Chinese materia medica.Therefore,it is impossible to meet the purpose of ensuring authenticity,safety and efficacy. In recent years,a lot of Chinese materia medica extracts have been used as raw materials for food products,but many extracts lack standards. The author believes that the quality control of health food containing Chinese materia medicas should start with the quality control of Chinese materia medica extracts. In this way,product quality is controlled from source to ensure product consistency; secondly,the overall quality control should be strengthened to ensure the authenticity of the products; the scope of safety inspection shall be expanded to fundamentally ensure the safety of products. At the same time,we should strengthen the quality control of whole process and strengthen the overall quality control of raw materials to produce health food of high quality.

Yogurt's flexible image during its rise in popularity in post-war Belgium.

The consumption of yogurt in Western countries has risen for over a century, first slowly, then more rapidly. The purpose of the present study was to investigate this prolonged phase of growth, by examining the popularity and the projected image of yogurt. A particular focus was on the way these aspects were reflected in consumption patterns and media representations. The data showed how during its period of rapid popularization, yogurt's visibility in the media greatly increased. It was concluded that the product's image was highly flexible in post-war decades, evidenced by the multi-pronged approach taken by marketers. Yogurt was not only advertised as both tasty and healthy, but also as natural and convenient, a strategy that appears to have been informed by consumers' preferences and existing cultural values. This demonstrates how a high degree of product differentiation and diversification during a product's growth stage can result in a heterogeneous image, allowing for a broad range of marketing strategies.