Iadademstat in combination with azacitidine in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (ALICE): an open-label, phase 2a dose-finding study.

BACKGROUND: Iadademstat is a potent, selective, oral inhibitor of both the enzymatic and scaffolding activities of the transcriptional repressor lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1; also known as KDM1A) that showed promising early activity and safety in a phase 1 trial and strong preclinical synergy with azacitidine in acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the combination of iadademstat and azacitidine for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia. METHODS: The open-label, phase 2a, dose-finding ALICE study was conducted at six hospitals in Spain and enrolled patients aged 18 years or older with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia not eligible for intensive chemotherapy and an ECOG performance status of 0-2. In the dose escalation portion of the trial, patients received a starting dose of iadademstat at 90 µg/m2 per day (with de-escalation to 60 µg/m2 per day and escalation up to 140 µg/m2 per day) orally, for 5 days on, 2 days off weekly, with azacitidine 75 mg/m2 subcutaneously, for seven of 28 days. The primary objectives were safety (analysed in the safety analysis set; all patients who received at least one dose of study treatment) and establishing the recommended phase 2 dose; secondary objectives included response rates in the efficacy analysis set (all patients who had at least one efficacy assessment). This study is registered on EudraCT (EudraCT 2018-000482-36) and has been completed. FINDINGS: Between Nov 12, 2018, and Sept 30, 2021, 36 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia were enrolled; the median age was 76 (IQR 74-79) years, all patients were White, 18 (50%) were male, and 18 (50%) were female, and all had intermediate-risk or adverse-risk acute myeloid leukaemia. The median follow-up was 22 (IQR 16-31) months. The most frequent (≥10%) adverse events considered to be related to treatment were decreases in platelet (25 [69%]) and neutrophil (22 [61%]) counts (all grade 3-4) and anaemia (15 [42%]; of which ten [28%] were grade 3-4). Three patients had treatment-related serious adverse events (one fatal grade 5 intracranial haemorrhage, one grade 3 differentiation syndrome, and one grade 3 febrile neutropenia). Based on safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data, and efficacy, the recommended phase 2 dose of iadademstat was 90 µg/m2 per day with azacitidine. 22 (82%; 95% CI 62-94) of 27 patients in the efficacy analysis set had an objective response. 14 (52%) of 27 patients had complete remission or complete remission with incomplete haematological recovery; of these, ten of 11 evaluable for measurable residual disease achieved negativity. In the safety analysis set, 22 (61%) of 36 patients had an objective response. INTERPRETATION: The combination of iadademstat and azacitidine has a manageable safety profile and shows promising responses in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia, including those with high-risk prognostic factors. FUNDING: Oryzon Genomics and Spain's Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MICIU)-Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI).

Chemsex: ¿cómo optimizar el acceso a la profilaxis posexposición para el VIH? / Chemsex: on how to optimize access to postexposure HIV prophylaxis

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Doxorrubicina liposomal no pegilada en combinación con ciclofosfamida, vincristina, prednisona y rituximab en el tratamiento de linfomas no hodgkinianos: estudio de 26 pacientes / Non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone and rituximab for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Study of 26 patients

Fundamento y objetivo: La doxorrubicina liposomal no pegilada provoca menor toxicidad cardíaca que la doxorrubicina convencional, por lo que se ha empleado en pacientes de edad avanzada o con cardiopatías. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar la eficacia y la seguridad de quimioterapias que incluyen doxorrubicina liposomal no pegilada en pacientes diagnosticados de linfoma no hodgkiniano (LNH). Pacientes y método: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con LNH tratados con doxorrubicina liposomal en 2 hospitales. Se recogieron las características demográficas, clínicas y biológicas, así como el tratamiento, la respuesta y la toxicidad. Resultados: Se incluyeron 26 pacientes, de los que 15 (58%) eran mujeres. La mediana de edad fue de 76 años (extremos: 42–86). El tipo de LNH más frecuente fue el B difuso de célula grande (20 casos). Diecinueve pacientes (73%) se hallaban en estadio iii o iv y 12 (57%) de los 21 pacientes con linfoma B difuso de célula grande y linfoma folicular grado 3 tenían un Índice Pronóstico Internacional de alto riesgo. Tres pacientes (12%) presentaban una fracción de eyección inferior al 50% previa al tratamiento. El factor de riesgo cardiovascular más prevalente fue la hipertensión arterial (50%) y 6 pacientes (23%) presentaban antecedentes de cardiopatía. Todos recibieron doxorrubicina liposomal no pegilada como parte de la pauta R-COMP (rituximab, ciclofosfamida, vincristina, doxorrubicina liposomal y prednisona), en 20 casos (77%) tras el diagnóstico y en los 6 restantes como segunda línea. Dos pacientes fallecieron tras la administración del primer ciclo (uno por muerte súbita y otro por progresión). De los 18 pacientes tratados en primera línea, 11 (61%) pacientes alcanzaron la respuesta completa, 5 (28%) pacientes alcanzaron la respuesta parcial y 2 (11%) pacientes progresaron (AU)

Background and objectives: Non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin is associated with lower cardiac toxicity than conventional doxorubicin, and for that reason it has been used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in old patients or patients with cardiac disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy schedules including non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in patients with NHL. Patients and methods: Retrospective study of NHL patients treated with non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in two hospitals. In each patient demographic data, clinical and biological variables, as well as therapy, response and toxicity were recorded. Results: Twenty-six patients were included, 14 (58%) of them were women. Median age was 76 years (range 42–86). The most frequent histological diagnosis was diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL, 20 patients). The stage disease at diagnosis was III/IV in 19 (73%) patients whereas 12 (57%) of the 21 patients with DLBCL and grade 3 follicular lymphoma had a high-risk International Prognostic Index. Three patients had a left ventricular ejection fraction lower than 50% at the time of starting treatment. The most frequent cardiovascular risk factor was hypertension (50% of the patients) and 6 (23%) had previous heart disease. In all cases non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin was administered as part of the R-COMP schedule (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristin, non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and prednisone), in 20 cases (73%) as first-line treatment and in the remaining 6 as salvage therapy. Two patients died after the first cycle of chemotherapy (one because of sudden death and the other due to disease progression). Eleven (61%) out of the 18 patients receiving R-COMP as first-line therapy achieved a complete response (CR), 5 (28%) achieved partial response (PR) and 2 showed progression (AU)