[Peroxiredoxin 4 protects the testis from heat stress].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the protective effect of Peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) on the testes undergoing heat stress in PRDX4 knockout mice. METHODS: Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice underwent CRISPR/Cas9-mediated total knockout of the PRDX4 gene and another 24 wild-type mice were used as controls. At 9 weeks of age, the rats were subjected to 15-minute testicular heat stress in 43℃ water once a day for 3 days, or in 25℃ water as the control. Before and at 1 day and 5 weeks after treatment, 4 from each group were sacrificed respectively and their testes harvested for observation of histological changes by HE staining, detection of the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells by TUNEL and determination of the expression of PRDX4 by Western blot and those of the oxidative stress factors hydroxynonenal (HNE) and 8-OHdG by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed in testicular histology, the apoptosis rate of spermatogenic cells, and the expressions of HNE and 8-OHdG between the PRDX4 knockout mice and wild-type controls (P > 0.05). After 1-day 43℃ heat stress, the PRDX4 knockout mice showed a significantly increased apoptosis rate of spermatogenic cells as compared with the baseline (ï¼»38.65 ± 2.57ï¼½% vs ï¼»0.46 ± 0.06ï¼½%, P < 0.01), and so did the wild-type controls (ï¼»13.21 ± 1.43ï¼½% vs ï¼»0.33 ± 0.01ï¼½%, P < 0.01), higher in the PRDX4 knockout than in the wild-type control group even at 5 weeks after heat stress (ï¼»3.09 ± 0.16ï¼½% vs ï¼»1.45 ± 0.11ï¼½%, P < 0.01). The PRDX4 knockout mice also exhibited a markedly upregulated expression of 8-OHdG (38.25 ± 1.19 vs 19.54 ± 1.13, P < 0.01), and so did the wild-type controls (24.30 ± 1.65 vs 18.22 ± 1.18, P < 0.01), higher in the PRDX4 knockout than in the wild-type control group even at 5 weeks after heat stress (25.40 ± 1.57 vs 23.25 ± 1.48, P < 0.01). The expression of HNE, however, showed no statistically significant difference before and at 1 day after 43℃ heat stress either in the PRDX4 knockout mice or in the wild-type controls (P > 0.05), though remarkably higher in the former than in the latter group at 5 weeks after treatment (28.57 ± 0.56 vs 19.00 ± 1.35, P < 0.01). The expression of 8-OHdG was also higher in the PRDX4 knockout than in the wild-type control group at 5 weeks, but with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PRDX4 can effectively protect the testis from heat stress and promote the restoration of its spermatogenic function.

Fabrication of transparent SERS platform via interface self-assembly of gold nanorods and gel trapping technique for on-site real time detection.

A transparent SERS platform was fabricated via the gel-trapping method coupled with a liquid/liquid interface self-assembly technique. We employed gold nanorods as the building blocks for interface self-assembly because of their strong localized surface plasmons upon excitation by infrared radiation. Based on a "top cover" configuration, this transparent SERS platform endows high signal reproducibility for directly detecting liquid samples by confining the sample droplet into a regular shape. The Au NR PDMS platform was able to directly detect crystal violet in aqueous solutions down to 10 ppb level with high enhancement factor (0.87 × 10(5)) and signal uniformity (RSD = 3.9%). Furthermore, SERS-based anti-fungal agent detection on a fish scale was demonstrated by simply covering the fish scale with a tailored GNRs PDMS film. The experimental results clearly show that the Au NR PDMS SERS platform has great potential for on-site real time detection of contaminants in water as well as on curved surfaces.

Banxia Xiexin Decoction Alleviated Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Disorder by Regulating Intestinal Microbiota in APP/PS1 Mice.

OBJECTIVE: To identify whether Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD) alleviates cerebral glucose metabolism disorder by intestinal microbiota regulation in APP/PS1 mice. METHODS: Forty-five 3-month-old male APP/PS1 mice were divided into 3 groups using a random number table (n=15 per group), including a model group (MG), a liraglutide group (LG) and a BXD group (BG). Fifteen 3-month-old male C57BL/6J wild-type mice were used as the control group (CG). Mice in the BG were administered BXD granules by gavage at a dose of 6 g/(kg•d) for 3 months, while mice in the LG were injected intraperitoneally once daily with Liraglutide Injection (25 nmol/kg) for 3 months. Firstly, liquid chromatography with tandem-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the active components of BXD granules and the medicated serum of BXD. Then, the cognitive deficits, Aß pathological change and synaptic plasticity markers, including synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), were measured in APP/PS1 mice. Brain glucose uptake was detected by micropositron emission tomography. Intestinal microbial constituents were detected by 16S rRNA sequencing. The levels of intestinal glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and cerebral GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), as well as the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (PI3K/Akt/GSK3ß) insulin signaling pathway were determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS: BXD ameliorated cognitive deficits and Aß pathological features (P<0.01). The expressions of SYP and PSD95 in the BG were higher than those in the MG (P<0.01). Brain glucose uptake in the BG was higher than that in the MG (P<0.01). The intestinal microbial composition in the BG was partially reversed. The levels of intestinal GLP-1 in the BG were higher than those in the MG (P<0.01). Compared with the MG, the expression levels of hippocampal GLP-1R, Akt, PI3K and p-PI3K in the BG were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the levels of GSK3ß were reduced (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: BXD exhibited protective effects against Alzheimer's disease by regulating the gut microbiota/GLP-1/GLP-1R, enhancing PI3K/Akt/GSK3ß insulin signaling pathway, and improving brain glucose metabolism.

catena-Poly[[[aqua-(5-carb-oxy-pyridine-3-carboxyl-ato-κN)copper(I)]-µ-4,4'-bipyridine-κN:N'] monohydrate].

In the title compound, {[Cu(C(7)H(4)NO(4))(C(10)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)]·H(2)O}(n), the Cu(I) ion is coordinated by the N atom from a 5-carb-oxy-pyridine-3-carboxyl-ate anion, two N atoms from two 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bipy) ligands and one water mol-ecule in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry. The 4,4'-bipy ligands bridge the Cu(I) ions into polymeric chains propagating in [201]. The latticeand the coordinating water mol-ecules as well as the carboxy OH function are involved in the formation of inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which consolidate the crystal packing.

Correlation between plasma glutathione peroxidase 4 and N-acetylneuraminic acid levels with clinical risk stratification and prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correlation between plasma glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) with clinical risk stratification and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. METHODS: Between October 2018 and July 2019, 413 patients that were scheduled for coronary angiography were enrolled in this prospective study at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China. Patients were divided into control and ACS groups. Patients with ACS were divided into 3 risk levels based on their thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score. After discharge, ACS patients were followed for the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). For the analysis of cumulative endpoint event occurrences, the Kaplan-Meier method was applied. RESULTS: The ACS group had lower plasma GPX4 but higher Neu5Ac levels than the control group. There was a greater increase in plasma Neu5Ac in the high-risk group when compared with the medium-risk and low-risk groups, while GPX4 levels were higher in the low-risk group. The MACEs group had higher plasma Neu5Ac but lower GPX4 levels than the non-MACEs group. The plasma Neu5Ac was an independent risk factor but GPX4 was a protective factor for MACEs. CONCLUSION: Glutathione peroxidase 4 and Neu5Ac levels in plasma can be used to diagnose, stratify risks, and predict long-term outcomes in patients with ACS.

[Antifatigue effects of the composition of Moringa oleifera leaves and Polygonatum polysaccharide and its mechanisms].

Objective: To investigate the anti-fatigue effects of composition of Moringa oleifera leaves and Polygonatum polysaccharide, and to explore the mechanisms. Methods: Thirty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control (C) and composition of Moringa oleifera leaves and Polygonatum polysaccharide group (MP). There were 15 mice in each group. Group C was given distilled water and the group MP was given composition intragastriclly every day. The volume was 0.5 ml. After 14 days of treatment, weight-bearing swimming experiment was conducted, and exhaustive swimming time was recorded. The bearing weight was 3% of the body weight. In another experiment, 48 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into quiet control group (QC), swimming control group (SC) and composition group (MP). There were 16 mice in each group. The QC and SC groups were given distilled water intragastrically, and the group MP was treated with composition every day for 14 days. The volume was 0.5 ml. On the day 15, 30 minutes after intragastriclly administration of distilled water, blood, liver and hind leg muscle of the QC group were collected immediately. The SC and MP groups were subjected non-weight-bearing swimming experiment, and blood, liver and hind leg muscle were collected after swimming. The fatigue related indexes, oxidant/antioxidant parameters and energy metabolism indicators in serum and tissues were determined by commercial kits. Results: The exhaustive swimming time of mice in MP group was significantly longer than that in the C group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, non-weight-bearing swimming decreased the contents of serum glucose and GSH, the contents of hepatic glycogen and ATP, the hepatic activities of SOD, LDH and ATPase, and muscle activity of GSH-Px (P< 0.05). However, serum levels of BUN and MDA were increased (P<0.05). Compared with the SC group, the composition remarkably increased the contents of serum glucose and hepatic glycogen, increased serum content of GSH, enhanced hepatic activities of SOD, LDH and ATPase and muscle activity of GSH-Px, and increased the hepatic content of ATP (P<0.05). However, the serum level of BUN was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: The Moringa oleifera leaves and Polygonatum polysaccharide composition possesses anti-fatigue effects. Anti-oxidant and improving energy metabolism could be the important mechanisms.

Antidiabetic activities of glycoprotein from pea (Pisum sativum L.) in STZ-induced diabetic mice.

Polysaccharides have hypoglycemic activity and pea protein has high nutritional value. The purified pea glycoprotein PGP2 has been shown to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase in previous studies. To study the mechanism of PGP2-induced blood glucose lowering in vivo, this paper established a diabetic mouse model by intraperitoneal injection of STZ and high-fat diet, and evaluated the blood-glucose-lowering activity of the pea component PGP2 at different doses. The results showed that intragastric administration of PGP2 could effectively reduce diabetic weight loss and polyphagia symptoms, reduce fasting blood glucose levels in mice, and improve oral glucose tolerance levels in mice. PGP2 could promote insulin secretion and had a protective effect on mouse organs. After intragastric administration of PGP2 in mice, the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein decreased. PGP2 up-regulated the gene expression of insulin receptor substrates IRS-1 and IRS-2 in liver tissues, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Based on the above experimental results, PGP2 had good hypoglycemic activity and was expected to be developed as a natural medicine for the treatment of type II diabetes.

Anticancer Effect of Rh2, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, in HepG2 Cells and HepG2 Cell-Derived Xenograft Tumors Occurs via the Inhibition of HDACs and Activation of the MAPK Signaling Pathway.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) on anti HepG2 liver cancer cells and HepG2 cell-derived xenograft tumors, and explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The activity of total HDACs and HAT were assessed with a HDACs colorimetric kit. Expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, p-ERK, ERK, p-P38, P38, p-JNK and JNK proteins was tested by Western blotting.H3K9 and H3K14 proteins were also checked by immunofluorescence, changes in cell cycle distribution with flow cytometry, cell apoptosis with annexin V-FTIC/PI double staining. Activity of Renilla luciferase (HIF) was detected using the Luciferase Reporter Assay system reagent. Gene expression for CyclinD1, Bcl-2, Bax, HIF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α was tested by q-PCR. Expression levels of CD31 and Ki-67 was tested by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Total HDAC activity was decreased and total histone acetyltransferase (HAT)activity was increased in a time-dependent manner. Expression of HDAC1 and p-JNK proteins was significantly increased, expression levels of p-ERK was decreased. H3K9 and H3K14 fluorescence protein were increased. Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle revealed that the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase in the treatment group(64.35±1.36%) was significantly increased compared with the untreated group(61.61±1.23%).The apoptotic rate of the HepG2 group was 10.03±1.92%, which increased to 17.87±1.67% in the treatment group. Expression levels of the transcription factor HIF were also increased in HepG2 cells following induction by Rh2. Expression of CyclinD1 and Bcl-2 at the genetic level was significantly decreased, while expression levels of Bax, HIF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α was increased. In vivo, the expression levels of both CD31 and Ki-67 proteins were significantly down-regulated in the treatment group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of Rh2 were suggested to occur through the inhibition of total HDAC activity, which subsequently induced MAPK signaling and down-regulated the expression of HIF.
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Expression of miRNAs in plasma exosomes derived from patients with atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Studies have revealed the association between exosomes and cardiovascular diseases. However, the typical changes of plasma miRNAs in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are still controversial, the use of exosomal miRNAs to diagnose and predict the prognosis of AF has not been described. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that there were differences in the exosomal miRNAs between AF and normal sinus rhythm (SR) patients, which might be used as the novel biomarkers to reflect the progression of AF. METHODS: miRNAs were isolated from the plasma of patients, and the target genes of differential miRNAs via enrichment analysis to discover potential pathogenesis related to AF. Combined with high-throughput sequencing results, real-time PCR was used to verify the relative expression of target miRNAs in patients. RESULTS: This study confirmed that the expression of plasma-derived exosomal miRNAs between patients with AF and SR were different. Target gene enrichment analysis suggested that the target genes of 20 miRNAs, which were significantly upregulated were mainly enriched in biological processes such as gene expression process, inflammation response, enzyme modification, etc. Meanwhile, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and other pathways were highly enriched. The expressions of miR-92b-3p, miR-1306-5p, and miR-let-7b-3p had differences between patients with AF and SR. CONCLUSION: These miRNAs and target genes were involved in the process of AF through affecting biological processes such as energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and enzyme activity. It suggested that the exosomal miRNAs might be used as the novel biomarkers to reflect the progression of AF.

A Rapid Detection Method for On-site Screening of Estazolam in Beverages with Au@Ag Core-shell Nanoparticles Paper-based SERS Substrate.

Estazolam (EST) is a common sedative-hypnotic drug with a risk of abuse. Therefore, rapid on-site detection of EST is necessary to control the abuse of EST. In this paper, a fast, simple, and sensitive method is demonstrated for the detection of EST in both water and beverages, using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) techniques. Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) assembled on the filter paper as a SERS substrate exhibit good applicability and practicality. At the same time, density functional theory (DFT) is used to assign the vibration mode of the EST molecules, which can be used as a guide for subsequent experiments. The lowest detectable concentration of EST in aqueous solution can be as low as 5 mg/L, and signal uniformity is excellent (RSD687 = 5.56%, RSD1000 = 4.35%). In addition, EST components artificially added to orange juice and pomegranate juice can be effectively detected by simple pretreatment with a minimum detection concentration as low as 10 mg/L. Therefore, this study found that the use of Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles paper-based SERS substrate provides a quick and easy method for the detection of illegally added drugs in beverages.

A selective integrated tempering method.

In this paper, based on the integrated tempering sampling we introduce a selective integrated tempering sampling (SITS) method for the efficient conformation sampling and thermodynamics calculations for a subsystem in a large one, such as biomolecules solvated in aqueous solutions. By introducing a potential surface scaled with temperature, the sampling over the configuration space of interest (e.g., the solvated biomolecule) is selectively enhanced but the rest of the system (e.g., the solvent) stays largely unperturbed. The applications of this method to biomolecular systems allow highly efficient sampling over both energy and configuration spaces of interest. Comparing to the popular and powerful replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD), the method presented in this paper is significantly more efficient in yielding relevant thermodynamics quantities (such as the potential of mean force for biomolecular conformational changes in aqueous solutions). It is more important that SITS but not REMD yielded results that are consistent with the traditional umbrella sampling free energy calculations when explicit solvent model is used since SITS avoids the sampling of the irrelevant phase space (such as the boiling water at high temperatures).

Child maltreatment among Asian Americans: characteristics and explanatory framework.

This article systematically reviews the characteristics of child maltreatment among Asian Americans and provides a theoretical explanatory framework. The reported rate of child maltreatment among Asian Americans is disproportionately low. A high rate of physical abuse and low rates of neglect and sexual abuse are found among Asian American victims. Some protective factors (e.g., the emphasis on family harmony and reputation and the indulgence to infants and toddlers) may lead to low probability of child maltreatment among Asian Americans. Some others (e.g., parental authority and beliefs in physical punishment) may be risk factors of child maltreatment, especially physical abuse. Meanwhile, many other coexisting factors (e.g., children's obedience to parents and families' invisibility to authorities) may prohibit child maltreatment from being disclosed. Therefore, the overall low reported rate of child maltreatment among Asian Americans may be a combination of low incidence and underreporting. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

Rapid and Sensitive Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Method for Determination of Ketamine in Urine.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has gradually proved to be a powerful tool with wide applications in various fields. Here, a simple and rapid SERS method was developed for the determination of ketamine in urine based on silver aggregates as a SERS substrate. Ketamine in urine were demonstrated by the SERS technique with silver sol aggregated by a 0.5 M NaBr solution. The limit of detection for ketamine in urine could be obtained as low as 7.5 ppm, and a linear relationship for ketamine in urine between the Raman intensity and the concentrations was achieved in the range from 7.5 to 150 ppm (R2 = 0.977). Additionally, the recovery of this method ranged from 95.7 to 104.9%, which laid a favorable foundation for the rapid and reliable quantitative detection of ketamine in urine. Therefore, this SERS approach with high sensitivity and simplicity has a great prospect for the real-world application of ketamine in urine.

Effect of Irbesartan on AGEs-RAGE and MMPs systems in rat type 2 diabetes myocardial-fibrosis model.

IMPACT STATEMENT: There are about 425 million diabetes patients (20-79 years) in the world according to the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas - 8th Edition. The cardiovascular complication is one of the major causes of death in diabetes patients. Myocardial fibrosis is one of the serious pathological changes, so investigating the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis has the significant value. Our study aims to investigate the effect of Irbesartan (the angiotensin II receptor antagonist) on the changes of AGE-RAGE system and MMP family components, and analyzes the potential mechanisms in type 2 diabetes-induced myocardial fibrosis. Our results provide the theoretical base for better understanding the pathogenesis in type 2 diabetes-induced myocardial complication. It is useful for clinicians to select the effective therapeutic measures for treatment of type 2 diabetes-induced organ fibrosis.

Corrigendum #2 to "Effects of Chronic Exposure to Sodium Arsenite on Expressions of VEGF and VEGFR2 Proteins in the Epididymis of Rats".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/2597256.].

Literature review and prospect on oral cognition and disease diagnosis and treatment between Han and Tang dynasties / 华西口腔医学杂志

Chinese medicine entered a significant period from foundation to maturity between Han and Tang dynasties when the Chinese traditional stomatology was a key stage. Sorting and analysis of existing literature and research outcomes have showed that current research on stomatology between Han and Tang dynasties focuses on oral physiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment, and health care. It also involves stomatology history and explanation of termino-logies related to mouth and teeth recorded in medical books, use of simple methods, and thinking with citation and analysis of literature simply listed and reasoning preliminarily deducted. From the macro perspective, current research has not unveiled the whole picture of stomatology between the two dynasties and left a series of key issues unresolved. Thus, new methods should be developed and employed to carry out medical research on stomatology between Han and Tang dynasties given that is has a prosperous future.

Overexpression of chicken Klf2 promotes klf7 transcription and inhibits adipocyte differentiation / 生物工程学报

Overexpression of Krüppel like factor 2 (Klf2) or Klf7 inhibits adipocyte formation. However, it remains unclear whether Klf2 regulates klf7 expression in adipose tissue. In this study, oil red O staining and Western blotting were employed to study the effect of Klf2 overexpression on the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes. The results showed that Klf2 overexpression inhibited the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes induced by oleate and the expression of pparγ, while promoted klf7 expression in chicken preadipocytes. Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlation between the expression data of klf2 and klf7 in the adipose tissue of both human and chicken. The results showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between the expression of klf2 and klf7 in adipose tissues (r > 0.1). Luciferase reporter assay showed that overexpression of Klf2 significantly promoted the activity of chicken klf7 promoter (-241/-91, -521/-91, -1 845/-91, -2 286/-91, -1 215/-91; P < 0.05). In addition, the activity of klf7 promoter (-241/-91) reporter in chicken preadipocytes was significantly positively correlated with the amount of klf2 overexpression plasmid transfected (Tau=0.917 66, P=1.074×10-7). Moreover, Klf2 overexpression significantly promoted the mRNA expression of klf7 in chicken preadipocytes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, upregulation of klf7 expression might be one of the pathways that Klf2 inhibits chicken adipocyte differentiation, and the sequence from -241 bp to -91 bp upstream chicken klf7 translation start site might mediate the regulation of Klf2 on klf7 transcription.

Jujubae Fructus alleviates intestinal injury caused by toxic medicinals in Shizao Decoction based on correlation between intestinal flora and host metabolism / 中国中药杂志

Genkwa Fols, Kansui Radix, and Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix in Shizao Decoction(SZD) are toxic to intestinal tract. Jujubae Fructus in this prescription can alleviate the toxicity, but the mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the mechanism. To be specific, 40 normal Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were classified into the normal group, high-dose and low-dose SZD groups, and high-dose and low-dose SZD without Jujubae Fructus(SZD-JF) groups. The SZD groups were given(ig) SZD, while SZD-JF groups received the decoction without Jujubae Fructus. The variation of body weight and spleen index were recorded. The patho-logical changes of intestinal tissue were observed based on hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining. The content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione(GSH) and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in intestinal tissue were measured to evaluate the intestinal injury. Fresh feces of rats were collected to detect intestinal flora structure by 16S ribosomal RNA gene(16S rDNA) sequencing technology. The content of fecal short chain fatty acids and fecal metabolites was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer ultra-fast liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer(UFLC-Q-TOF-MS), separately. Spearman's correlation analysis was employed to analyze the differential bacteria genera and differential metabolites. RESULTS:: showed that high-dose and low-dose SZD-JF groups had high content of MDA in intestinal tissue, low GSH content and SOD activity, short intestinal villi(P<0.05), low diversity and abundance of intestinal flora, variation in the intestinal flora structure, and low content of short chain fatty acids(P<0.05) compared with the normal group. Compared with high-dose and low-dose SZD-JF groups, high-dose and low-dose SZD groups displayed low content of MDA in intestinal tissue, high GSH content and SOD activity, recovery of the length of intestinal villi, increased abundance and diversity of intestinal flora, alleviation of dysbacteria, and recovery of the content of short chain fatty acids(P<0.05). According to the variation of intestinal flora and fecal metabolites after the addition of Jujubae Fructus, 6 differential bacterial genera(Lactobacillus, Butyricimonas, Clostridia＿UCG-014, Prevotella, Escherichia-Shigella, Alistipes),4 differential short chain fatty acids(such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid) and 18 differential metabolites(such as urolithin A, lithocholic acid, and creatinine) were screened out. Beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus were in positive correlation with butyric acid and urolithin A(P<0.05). The pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia-Shigella were in negative correlation with propionic acid and urolithin A(P<0.05). In summary, SZD-JF caused obvious intestinal injury to normal rats, which could lead to intestinal flora disorder. The addition of Jujubae Fructus can alleviate the disorder and relieve the injury by regulating intestinal flora and the metabolites. This study discusses the effect of Jujubae Fructus in relieving the intestinal injury caused by SZD and the mechanism from the perspective of intestinal flora-host metabolism, which is expected to serve as a reference for clinical application of this prescription.

Detection and Quantification of Bucinnazine Hydrochloride Injection Based on SERS Technology.

In this investigation, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology was performed to detect bucinnazine hydrochloride (BH) injection in water and urine. The theoretical Raman spectrum of BH with characteristic peaks was calculated and identified by density functional theory (DFT). Employing an improved silver sol as a SERS active substrate, the SERS spectra of a BH solution with different concentrations were acquired with a 0.5 mol/L KI solution as an aggregation agent. It was determined that the limit of detection (LOD) was low, to 0.01 µg/mL. A good linear relationship of BH between the Raman intensity and the concentrations was obtained in water at a concentration range from 0.5 to 6 µg/mL (R2 = 0.9914), which laid a favorable foundation for quantitative analysis. In addition, the recovery rate of spiked samples from 95.13 to 120.54% were calculated. Finally, the detection of BH injection in artificial urine was completed and the detection limit could reach 0.5 µg/mL, which met the requirements of a rapid on-site detection of drugs in urine. As a result, it indicates that the inspection of BH by the SERS method is with simplicity and high sensitivity, having a great potential for real-time detection.

Observation of the Curative Effect of the Dexamethasone Vitreous Cavity Implant for the Treatment of Irvine-Gass Syndrome / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of dexamethasone vitreous cavity implants (Ozurdex) for the treatment of macular edema (Irvine-Gass Syndrome) after cataract surgery.@*METHOD@#Eight patients (eight eyes) with Irvine-Gass syndrome were enrolled for vitreous injections with Ozurdex. The patients included six men (six eyes) and two women (two eyes) with a mean age of 67.12 ± 11.92 years. Changes in the patients best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and intraocular pressure were compared before and after treatment.@*RESULT@#The mean visual acuity BCVA of the patients was 0.81 ± 0.26 before implantation, which improved to 0.20 ± 0.12, 0.13 ± 0.09, and 0.15 ± 0.13 at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after implantation, respectively ( P < 0.001). The patient's mean CMT before implantation was 703.00 ± 148.88 μm, and it reduced to 258.87 ± 37.40 μm, 236.25 ± 28.74 μm, and 278.00 ± 76.82 μm at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after implantation, respectively ( P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The dexamethasone vitreous cavity implant (Ozurdex) is a safe and effective treatment, which can effectively improve patient's visual acuity and reduce macular edema associated with cataract surgery.