Paramagnetic Resonance of Cobalt(II) Trispyrazolylmethanes and Counterion Association.

Paramagnetic resonance studies (EPR, ESEEM, ENDOR, and NMR) of a series of cobalt(II) bis-trispyrazolylmethane tetrafluoroborates are presented. The complexes studied include the parent, unsubstituted ligand (Tpm), two pyrazole-substituted derivatives (4Me and 3,5-diMe), and tris(1-pyrazolyl)ethane (Tpe), which includes a methyl group on the apical carbon atom. NMR and ENDOR establish the magnitude of 1H hyperfine couplings, while ESEEM provides information on the coordinated 14N. The data show that the pyrazole 3-position is more electron rich in the Tpm analogues, that the geometry about the apical atom influences the magnetic resonance, and that apical atom geometry appears more fixed in Tpm than in Tp. NMR and ENDOR establish that the BF4- counterion remains associated in fluid solution. In the case of the Tpm3,5Me complex, it appears to associate in solution, in the same position it occupies in the X-ray structure.

Re(CO)3-Templated Synthesis of Semihemiporphyrazines.

Half-hemiporphyrazine macrocycles, which can be called "semihemiporphyrazines", were synthesized using the Re(CO)3 unit as a templating agent. The products of these template reactions are six-coordinate rhenium complexes, with a facial arrangement of carbonyls, a halide, and a bidentate semihemiporphyrazine chelate that tilts out of the plane of coordination. Three types of semihemiporphyrazines can be produced from these reactions, depending on the alternate heterocycle to the isoindoline unit; structures including pyridine, thiazole, and benzimidazole were formed. The electronic structures of these compounds were probed using spectroscopy as well as density functional theory methods.

Re(CO)3-Templated Formation of Aza(dibenzo)dipyrromethenes.

The Re(CO)3 unit was used to template the formation of aza(dibenzopyrro)methene (ADBM) in the presence of pyridine or N-methylimidazole. The products of these template reactions are six-coordinate complexes, with a facial arrangement of the carbonyls, a bidentate ADBM, and a sixth ligand (pyridine or N-methylimiadozle). Three types of ADBM ligands are produced from these reactions, depending on the degree of hydrolysis; bis(imine)-terminated, bis(oxo)-terminated, and mixed-imine/oxo chelates were formed.

Using Hydrazine to Link Ferrocene with Re(CO)3: A Modular Approach.

Acetyl ferrocene and diacetyl ferrocene both readily react with an excess of hydrazine to afford the corresponding hydrazone compounds. These compounds can then be linked to Re(CO)3 via a metal-mediated Schiff base reaction, resulting in a series of ferrocene-Re(CO)3 conjugates with different stoichiometries. Conjugates with 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 ferrocene: Re(CO)3 ratios can be produced via this "modular" type synthesis approach. Several examples of these conjugates were structurally characterized, and their spectroscopic, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical behaviors were investigated. The electronic structures of these compounds were also probed using DFT and TDDFT calculations.

A new highly fluorescent and symmetric pyrrole-BF2 chromophore: BOPHY.

The new fluorescent chromophore BOPHY can be readily synthesized in two steps from commercially available reagents via the coupling of pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde with hydrazine followed by reaction with BF3. The resultant symmetric and dimeric tetracycle is composed of two BF2 units in six-membered chelate rings appended with pyrrole units on the periphery. The quantum yields of fluorescence for the unmodified compound and the tetramethyl variant are near unity, with values of 95 and 92%, respectively, in CH2Cl2. We have probed the electronic structure of this compound via cyclic voltammetry and density functional theory analysis.

Use of organofunctionalized nanoporous silica gel to improve the lifetime of carbon paste electrode for determination of copper(II) ions.

A new functionalized nanoporous silica gel with dipyridyl group (DPNSG) was synthesized. Then, the potentiometric response of the copper(II) ion was investigated at a carbon paste electrode chemically modified with this newly designed functionalized nanoporous silica gel. The electrodes with DPNSG proportions of 15.0% (w/w) demonstrated very stable potentials. Calibration plots with Nernstian slopes for Cu2+ were observed, 28.4 (+/-1.0) mV decade(-1), over a wide linear concentration range (1.0x10(-7) to 1.0x10(-2) M). The electrode exhibited a detection limit of 8.0x10(-8) M. Moreover, the selectivity coefficients measured by the match potential method in acetate buffer, pH 5.5, were investigated. The electrode presented a response time of approximately 50s, high performance, high sensitivity in a wide range of cation activities and good long-term stability (more than 9 months). The method was satisfactory and was used to determine the copper ion concentration in waste waters, contaminated by this metal.