RESUMEN
The effect of everyday blue light (λ = 440-460 nm) on mitochondria of the retinal pigment epithelium of different age groups of Japanese quail was studied using electron microscopy, morphometric methods, and biochemical analysis. We have found a significant increase in the number of mitochondria, including those modified, mainly in young birds. In addition, cell metabolic activity increased in response to blue lighting. These changes are assumed to reflect an adaptive response of mitochondria aimed at neutralizing the phototoxic effect of blue light caused by accumulation of lipofuscin granules.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Coturnix/metabolismo , Iluminación/efectos adversos , Lipofuscina/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina/metabolismo , Envejecimiento/patología , Animales , Femenino , Mitocondrias/patología , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina/patologíaRESUMEN
Fifteen-week-old sexually mature female Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) grown under various lighting conditions were used in the study. It was found that the number of mitochondria and phagosomes was increased by 1.5-fold in the retinal pigment epithelium from birds reared for 95 days under blue light (440-470 nm) vs. reduced blue light component conditions. Also, it was found that egg production was increased by 15% in birds reared under blue light compared to other lightning conditions. Thus, we concluded that blue light conditions resulted in elevating metabolic activity and accelerating pace of life in Japanese quails. It is assumed that the blue light-induced effects are probably due to inhibition of melatonin synthesis.
Asunto(s)
Coturnix/fisiología , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Femenino , Luz , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Modelos Animales , Óvulo/metabolismo , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina/metabolismo , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
The development of autoimmune myocarditis in rats after a single hypodermic injection of rat myosin mixed with a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) (400 microg/kg in 200 microl) was studied. The rats from the control group were injected with only CFA. The titer of antibodies to myosin, infiltration of lymphocytes into the myocardium, ultrastructural damage of myofibrils, mitochondria, and nuclei of cardiomyocytes were maximally pronounced on days 14-21 after the immunization with myosin, which indicates a peak of the inflammatory reaction. The content of nitrites and nitrates in the blood serum and myocardium of immunized rats were also studied. A certain contribution to the development of the inflammation is made by CFA: in rats injected with only CFA, morphological signs of myocarditis were found, but to a much lesser degree than in the group immunized with myosin.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inducido químicamente , Miosinas Cardíacas/administración & dosificación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Adyuvante de Freund/administración & dosificación , Miocarditis/inducido químicamente , Miocardio/ultraestructura , Animales , Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/sangre , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/patología , Miosinas Cardíacas/inmunología , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Adyuvante de Freund/inmunología , Masculino , Miocarditis/sangre , Miocarditis/inmunología , Miocarditis/patología , Nitratos/sangre , Nitritos/sangre , RatasRESUMEN
Changes in cardiomyocytes from the left ventricle of rat heart were studied by light and electron microscopic and morphometric methods in the myocardial regions neighboring necrotic foci formed after the injection of 80 mg/kg beta adrenomimetic isoproterenol. TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptotic cardiomyocytes. Three types of cardiomyocytes (A, B, and C) differing by the ultrastructure of the nucleus and the degree of mitochondrial changes were identified at all studied stages of necrotic focus development (4-48 h). B and C type cardiomyocytes could represent cells at different stages of apoptosis. The apoptotic changes in cardiomyocytes proved to prevail in early lesion foci (4-18 h), while cardiomyocytes at later stages were prone to necrosis; cardiomyocytes can exhibit signs of apoptosis and necrosis at the same time.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Ventrículos Cardíacos/citología , Miocitos Cardíacos/ultraestructura , Animales , Femenino , Isoproterenol/farmacología , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Necrosis , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
A brief review is presented of experimental studies conducted over several years (1970s-1990s) on the incretory potential of salivary glands, specifically on their role in the maintenance of carbohydrate homeostasis; a review is also presented of data on the stimulation of this potential by isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist.
Asunto(s)
Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatología , Isoproterenol/farmacología , Glándula Submandibular/fisiología , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Homeostasis , Glándula Submandibular/efectos de los fármacos , Glándula Submandibular/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Monoclonal antibodies to pig insulin were used to follow the changes in localization of insulin-containing cells during the ontogenesis of the brown frog, Rana temporaria L., from stage 20 (Dabagian, Sleptsova, 1975) until completion of metamorphosis and beginning of active nutrition. Insulin-containing were localized in brain, surface epithelium, intestine, olfactory epithelium, taste teats, kidney tubules, ciliated epithelium of the oral cavity, pancreas, Jacobson and interjaw glands was found out. Localization of insulin-containing cells and type of their specific fluorescence varied at different stages of development. Formation of the insulin-containing system of amphibians on the whole is typical for the development of diffuse endocrine system in vertebrates.
Asunto(s)
Insulina/metabolismo , Rana temporaria/metabolismo , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Inmunohistoquímica , Insulina/inmunología , Larva/metabolismo , Metamorfosis Biológica/fisiología , Rana temporaria/embriologíaRESUMEN
Reactive changes in right atrium cardiomyocytes during antiorthostatic tail suspension of rats commonly used to simulate low gravity have been studied by electron microscopy and morphometry. A 14 day suspension proved to increase contractile and secreting activities of cardiomyocytes. At the same time, signs of depleted activity are observed in some cells. Elongation of the experiment to 30 days leads to development of adaptive compensatory responses and increases their secreting capacity. A 30 day return to normal orthostatic position does not completely restores the structure and functioning of cardiomyocytes and leads to accumulation of internal secretion. A repeated 14 day suspension to a certain extent facilitates cardiomyocyte adaptation to altered conditions as compared to a single exposure; apparently, secretion release decreases while its production is activated.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica/fisiología , Atrios Cardíacos/citología , Hipogravedad , Miocitos Cardíacos/fisiología , Simulación de Ingravidez/métodos , Animales , Suspensión Trasera , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica/métodos , Mitocondrias Cardíacas/fisiología , Miocitos Cardíacos/citología , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miocitos Cardíacos/ultraestructura , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Changes in rat cardiomyocytes and their mitochondria and intermitochondrial junctions (IMJs) upon beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation with isoproterenol were studied by the methods of light and electron microscopy and computer-aided morphometry. It was found that isoproterenol injections (0.3 mg/kg for eight days) resulted in myocardial hypertrophy, which was more pronounced in the right than in the left ventricle. In the hypertrophied cardiomyocytes of both ventricles, an adaptive response of mitochondria was observed: their ultrastructure, size, and number changed, and the number and average length of IMJs increased. A positive correlation between the degree of cell hypertrophy and the number of IMJs was revealed. The reactive properties of mitochondria, including IMJ formation, differed depending on their location in the cell (i.e., in the paranuclear, intermyofibrillar, or subsarcolemmal regions). These results suggest that the rates and intensities of adaptive compensatory processes developing in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes exposed to beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation differ in the left and right ventricles.
Asunto(s)
Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacología , Isoproterenol/farmacología , Mitocondrias Cardíacas/efectos de los fármacos , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Adaptación Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/efectos adversos , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/inducido químicamente , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/patología , Hipertrofia Ventricular Derecha/inducido químicamente , Hipertrofia Ventricular Derecha/patología , Isoproterenol/efectos adversos , Microscopía Electrónica , Mitocondrias Cardíacas/ultraestructura , Miocitos Cardíacos/patología , Miocitos Cardíacos/ultraestructura , Miofibrillas/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , RatasRESUMEN
The anticancer activity of Trypanosoma cruzi has been confirmed by the example of seven strains. Five virulent strains induced the infection, which inhibited sarcoma-180 growth 1.5-22.0 times. The parasites featured tumortropism; i.e., the successfully developed in cancer cells and even preferred them to normal cells. This taxis-based phenomenon was particularly pronounced at cocultivation of the normal and cancer cells. Cultures of the seven (avirulent and virulent) strains can produce an anticancer agent that selectively damages human cancer cells in vitro. The long-term anticancer effect of T. cruzi or preparations from it, as well as possible its cancer preventing effect, has been demonstrated. Three problems are discussed on the basis of the obtained and recently published data: (1) the mechanism of T. cruzi anticancer effect; (2) the nature of the anticancer agent; and (3) the distribution of the considered phenomenon among trypanosomatides. The anticancer activity of T. cruzi may be due to a combination of surface cellular antigens and an inhibiting or lysing factor.
Asunto(s)
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Factores Biológicos/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Chagas/parasitología , Neoplasias/patología , Compuestos Orgánicos , Trypanosoma cruzi/metabolismo , Animales , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antígenos de Protozoos/metabolismo , Antígenos de Superficie/metabolismo , Factores Biológicos/farmacología , Enfermedad de Chagas/inmunología , Humanos , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/parasitología , Especificidad de Órganos , Trypanosoma cruzi/inmunología , Trypanosoma cruzi/patogenicidad , VirulenciaRESUMEN
The number of undifferentiated "light" cells and of differentiated "dark" cells was calculated in heterogeneous tumour cell populations of sarcoma 45 and Walker carcinosarcoma of rats at various stages of tumour growth and metastases.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Experimentales/ultraestructura , Animales , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/ultraestructura , Clorpromazina/farmacología , Fibrinólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Heparina/farmacología , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Ratas , Sarcoma Experimental/ultraestructura , Urea/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Intensity of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis was estimated autoradiographically in rat tumour cells of sarcoma 45 (S. 45) and Walker carcinosarcoma (WCS). It is shown that the DNA synthesis reduces with tumour growth, the RNA synthesis in growing S.45 increases. The level of nucleic acid synthesis is higher in metastatic cells of WCS than in the initial transplant. DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in neoplastic cells decreases under anticoagulant treatment.
Asunto(s)
Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/metabolismo , Sarcoma Experimental/metabolismo , Animales , Autorradiografía , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/tratamiento farmacológico , ADN de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Hemostasis/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Trasplante de Neoplasias , ARN Neoplásico/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Sarcoma Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The enzyme activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and acid phosphatase (AP) in the rat sarcoma 45 (S. 45) cells and Walker carcinosarcoma (WCS) cells were estimated from the histochemical study. No significant changes were found in the histochemical reaction intensity during the tumour growth but at the late stage of WCS growth the LDH activity increased. WCS metastases were distinguished by the elevated enzyme activity of LDH as compared with the tumour. During the anticoagulant treatment the LDH and SDH activity in S. 45 and WCS cells falls, but the AP activity increases.
Asunto(s)
Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/enzimología , Sarcoma Experimental/enzimología , Fosfatasa Ácida/metabolismo , Animales , Coagulación Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/tratamiento farmacológico , Histocitoquímica , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Lisosomas/enzimología , Ratas , Sarcoma Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Succinato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The effect of blue light damage (445-455 nm, 4 J/cm2) to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) subcellular structures was investigated in 4 age risk groups (9, 25, 40 and 52 weeks) of Japanese quail Coturnix japonica by light and electron microscopy. The indicator of biological aging of RPE was age-related accumulation of lipofuscin granules: 5-6-fold increase in their quantity increasing by 5-6 times in quails at 52 weeks. The main photo-induced changes observed after 24 h of the photo radiation were located in the blood-retinal barrier, such as loss of homogeneity of Bruch's membrane, disorganization of basal processes, deformations of the nuclei and mitochondria shapes. Those effects ofphotobleaching were more expressed in young birds. But for the older 52-week age birds it was not so noticeable, because their retinal pigment epithelium structures had disorders which were similar to those in younger birds after photodamage.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/fisiología , Barrera Hematorretinal/efectos de la radiación , Lámina Basal de la Coroides/efectos de la radiación , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Barrera Hematorretinal/ultraestructura , Lámina Basal de la Coroides/ultraestructura , Núcleo Celular/efectos de la radiación , Núcleo Celular/ultraestructura , Coturnix , Gránulos Citoplasmáticos/química , Gránulos Citoplasmáticos/efectos de la radiación , Gránulos Citoplasmáticos/ultraestructura , Femenino , Luz , Lipofuscina/metabolismo , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión de Rastreo , Mitocondrias/efectos de la radiación , Mitocondrias/ultraestructura , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Myocarditis development was investigated after immunization rats with single subcutaneous injection of cardiac myosin (800 microg/kg) with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) (M + IFA group). Control group received equal volume of IFA alone or nothing (intact group). On days 4, 14, and 21 after injection, light and electron microscopy of heart sections, morphometric analysis, estimation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1p, IL-6, VEGF, TNFa and iNOS) expression were used to evaluate inflammatory response in myocardium. In addition, we estimated cardiac myosin antibody levels in blood serum and nitrite and nitrate levels in blood serum. Our data showed that immunization with cardiac myosin combined with IFA led to inflammatory response in the rat myocardium. Acute inflammation (i.e. lymphocyte infiltration of myocardium and increase of proinflammatory cytokines level) in M + IFA group occurred on 21 days after immunization.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes/metabolismo , Miosinas Cardíacas/administración & dosificación , Adyuvante de Freund/administración & dosificación , Inflamación/metabolismo , Lípidos/administración & dosificación , Miocarditis/metabolismo , Animales , Apoptosis , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Citocinas/sangre , Inflamación/inmunología , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Masculino , Miocarditis/inducido químicamente , Miocarditis/patología , Miocardio/patología , Miocardio/ultraestructura , Miocitos Cardíacos/patología , Miocitos Cardíacos/ultraestructura , Nitratos/sangre , Nitritos/sangre , RatasAsunto(s)
Trastornos de la Coagulación Sanguínea/complicaciones , Clorpromazina , Fibrinolíticos , Sarcoma Experimental/complicaciones , Animales , Trastornos de la Coagulación Sanguínea/inducido químicamente , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Femenino , Heparina , Índice Mitótico , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Ratas , Sarcoma Experimental/patología , Sarcoma Experimental/ultraestructura , TripsinaAsunto(s)
Fibrinolisina/uso terapéutico , Heparina/uso terapéutico , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/ultraestructura , 9,10-Dimetil-1,2-benzantraceno , Animales , Coagulación Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/tratamiento farmacológico , Clorpromazina/uso terapéutico , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Experimentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratas , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Coagulación Sanguínea , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/tratamiento farmacológico , Clorpromazina/administración & dosificación , Heparina/administración & dosificación , Urea/administración & dosificación , Animales , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/sangre , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/ultraestructura , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Microscopía Electrónica , Mitosis , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Trasplante de Neoplasias , RatasRESUMEN
As has been reported earlier, submandibular glands of animals and man contain insulin-like protein (ILP), similar in some of its properties to pancreatic insulin. An immunocytochemical method with polyclonal anti-insulin serum has shown that ILP is contained in cells of the submandibular gland granular ducts. This paper is concerned with the determination of localization of ILP and estimation of its structural identity with insulin by using monoclonal antibodies to pig insulin. ILP and insulin were extracted from mouse submandibular glands and pancreas and partially purified. Solid-phase immunoenzymatic analysis was used to determine the capacity of mouse ILP and pancreatic insulin to bind specifically with monoclonal antibodies to pig insulin indicating the structural identity of ILP and insulin. The absence of cross-reaction of antibodies with the nerve growth factor and kallikrein (biologically active substances contained in the submandibular gland granular ducts) was established. An immunofluorescent indirect method with the use of monoclonal antibodies to insulin has shown that ILP is localized in cells of the submandibular gland granular ducts. It confirms the previously reported results.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Insulina/análisis , Glándula Submandibular/análisis , Animales , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Insulina/inmunología , Masculino , RatonesRESUMEN
By means of 3H-leucine radioautography, ultrastructural and morphometrical analysis, it has been demonstrated that in the cells of the acinar (Ac) and granular (Gr) parts of the submandibular gland (SMG) in mice with a synchronized for 3 h nutrition cycle there are endogenic fluctuations (for about 1 h) of the secretory process. They are demonstrated as alterations in intensity of protein synthesis in the cells, their areas and ultrastructure. In the Ac cells at the moment of feeding and in 50, 110, 150 min after feeding maximal leucine incorporation is observed. The changes in the cell area during the first hour occurs with 10 minutes' overtake of the incorporation intensity, and during the following 2 h an equilibrium is reached between these two parameters, when the maximal contents of the label corresponds to the minimal area of the cells. In the Gr cells one maximum of 3H-leucine incorporation occurs in 60-80 min after feeding. The minimal content of the label takes place in 10 and 120 min after feeding. During the time mentioned inverse ratio between the intensity incorporation of the labelled isotope and the change of the cell volume is observed. This is connected with autoregulatory processes in the cells. It is possible that in the Ac cells together with removal of the secretory granules by means of exocytosis (in 10-20 min after feeding) the secretory material is removed before it is formed as granules by parvivesicular extrusion. In the Gr cells apocrinic and endocrinic secretion takes place. Presence of certain specific formations (secretory lysosomes) explains peculiarities of the secretory process in the SMG.