The Zuckerkandl tubercle: problematic or helpful in thyroid surgery?

The Zuckerkandl tubercle is a residue from the embryological development of the thyroid gland. Although it is undeniably well known in surgery, this is not so among otolaryngologists. Our objective is to highlight the importance of the Zuckerkandl tubercle, as it has proven to be a reliable point of reference to locate the upper parathyroid, the lower thyroid artery and the recurrent nerve. In order to study the Zuckerkandl tubercle, we made a prospective analysis of the posterolateral border of the thyroid lobes in 107 thyroidectomies (88 total thyroidectomies and 19 hemithyroidectomies) carried out by the same surgeon; in total, 195 thyroid lobes were analysed. The Zuckerkandl tubercle was certainly detected in 155 thyroid lobes (79.48%). The Zuckerkandl tubercle was most frequent in the right thyroid lobe (P = 0.06). When the Zuckerkandl tubercle was present, we localised the upper parathyroid due to its relationship with the tubercle in 80 right thyroid lobes (95.23%) and in 65 left (91.54%). On 147 occasions (94.83%), the recurrent nerve was directed towards the cricothyroid membrane beneath the Zuckerkandl tubercle, laterally to the tracheal surface in relation with the Berry ligament. The lower thyroid artery and some of the distal branches, such as the recurrent nerve, also ran under the Zuckerkandl tubercle. The areolar tissue underlying the Zuckerkandl tubercle is difficult to dissect, and so this protuberance constitutes a surgical difficulty but it is fundamentally helpful to find those important structures that must be preserved in thyroid surgery.

[No-malignant lessions involving the paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base]. / Lesiones no malignas que implican a senos paranasales y fosa craneal anterior.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The lesions that involve the paranasal sinuses and the anterior cranial base at the same time are not unusual. These diseases have different features. The aim of this study is to set out the particularities of the non-malignant lesions involving both zones. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 32 patients between 1986 and 2007 diagnosed with: non-malignant tumours (31.2 %), tumorlike lesions (3.1 %), fibrous-osseous lesions (12.5 %), congenital or acquired malformations (18.7 %) and infection disease (34.3 %). We analyse the diagnostic imaging, the treatment and pathogen mechanism. RESULTS: Only 6 of 43 osteomas involved the paranasal sinuses and anterior cranial fossa (13.04 %): 3 cases have developed meningitis and 1 developed a pneumocephalus. 2 cases are meningiomas: 1 was asymptomatic and the other one caused destruction at subtotal frontal bone. 1 giant hemangioma associated with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is treated by combined craniofacial approach. The fibrous-osseous lesions were specifically fibrous dysplasia and affected the ethmoides. The encephalocele were predominating in the malformations group, 2 were diagnosed after repeated meningitis. 11 cases are included by infection: 10 cases caused osteomielitis and the eleventh is a patient with a mucormycosis. Surgery has been used in 84.3 % of the cases: frontal craniotomy 37 %, combined craniofacial approach 18.5 %, subfrontal approach 18.5 %, osteoplastic technique 18.5 %, lateronasal approach 3.7 %, endonasal microscopic resection 3.7 %. CONCLUSIONS: In this study the diagnosis, extension and surgical management were supported in the imaging. A closed separation between the anterior cranial fossa ant the sinus is necessary after the resection. The reconstruction was performed using a pedicled pericranial flap and titanium mesh in most of the cases.

SDHC mutation in an elderly patient without familial antecedents.

Head and neck paragangliomas are usually asymptomatic and benign tumours arising mainly from the carotid body and the vagal, tympanic or jugular glomus. The majority of patients develop sporadic masses, and around 30% of cases harbour germline mutations in one of the succinate dehydrogenase genes: SDHB, SDHC or SDHD. In these hereditary cases, the presence of familial antecedents of the disease, multiplicity/bilaterality, young age at onset, and more recently, presence of gastrointestinal stromal tumours, are main factors to be considered. Here we describe a new mutation (c.256-257insTTT) affecting the SDHC gene in a 60-year-old-patient with a single head and neck paraganglioma, and without familial antecedents of the disease. In silico splice site analysis showed that this variant created a cryptic splice acceptor site and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) supported the pathogenic role of the mutation. Control population analyses did not detect this variant but revealed a novel SDHC polymorphism that exhibited a frequency of 0.3% (3/1020). This latter finding highlights the importance of assessing the clinical relevance of variants of unknown significance by means of analysing sufficient controls. Despite having found a germline mutation in an older, apparently sporadic patient, we consider that the high costs of analysing all susceptibility genes related to the disease support the recommendation of screening for mutations only in patients fulfilling the above criteria.

[Analysis of the mechanical-acoustic features of the middle ear after stapedial surgery both with and without stapes muscle preservation]. / Estudio de las características mecanoacústicas del oído medio sometido a cirugía estapedial con y sin conservación del tendón del estribo.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Stapes replacement surgery performed in cases of otosclerosis alters various anatomical (ossicular, ligament, and tendon) elements of the middle ear affecting their physical properties. The goal of our work is to determine which of the surgical techniques applied during otosclerosis most respects the mechanical-acoustic features of the middle ear. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We analyzed the audiological and admittance results of 100 patients who underwent various stapedial replacement techniques and compared them to 20 otologically healthy subjects. RESULTS: The audiological results obtained are similar in the different surgical techniques compared. However, those techniques in which the stapedial muscle tendon is preserved offer similar hearing resonance frequencies post intervention as healthy ears, which was not found to be the case in the remaining techniques evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: We feel that the stapedial tendon should be preserved during otosclerosis surgery as the mechanical-acoustic features of the ear are thus better conserved, leading to enhanced language recognition in noisy environments.

A new malleostapedotomy prosthesis. Experimental analysis by laser doppler vibrometer in fresh cadaver temporal bones. / Análisis experimental mediante vibrometría láser doppler en huesos temporales de cadáver fresco de una nueva prótesis de maleovestibulopexia.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: One of the problems with total ossicular replacement prostheses is their stability. Prosthesis dislocations and extrusions are common in middle ear surgery. This is due to variations in endo-tympanic pressure as well as design defects. The design of this new prosthesis reduces this problem by being joined directly to the malleus handle. The aim of this study is to confirm adequate acoustic-mechanical behaviour in fresh cadaver middle ear of a new total ossicular replacement prosthesis, designed using the finite elements method. METHODS: Using the doppler vibrometer laser, we analysed the acoustic-mechanical behaviour of a new total ossicular replacement prosthesis in the human middle ear using 10 temporal bones from fresh cadavers. RESULTS: The transfer function of the ears in which we implanted the new prosthesis was superimposed over the non-manipulated ear. This suggests optimum acoustic-mechanical behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: The titanium prosthesis analysed in this study demonstrated optimum acoustic-mechanical behaviour. Together with its ease of implantation and post-surgical stability, these factors make it a prosthesis to be kept in mind in ossicular reconstruction.

Characterization of nasal paraffinoma following septorhinoplasty by attenuated total reflection--fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR).

Vaseline and paraffin have been injected into various parts of the body. Vaselinoma and paraffinoma are well-described complications, despite which nasal packing with Vaseline gauze is still common in the management of epistaxis, after rhinoplasty, endonasal surgery, to control bleeding and prevent synechiae or restenosis. Our aim is to highlight this complication, propose a safe method for its diagnosis and establish guidelines for its prevention. We report two cases of paraffinoma occurring after rhinoplasty and discuss prevention of this rare but serious complication, and suggest an alternative dressing. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) FI7R spectra have proven to be a definitive characterising tool for surgical extracts, guaranteeing detection of mineral products that histology does not offer. For these lesions we propose the name "petroleum oilomas" which we feel to be more appropriate than the more commonly used paraffinomas. Relevance of the work: a description of an innovative and safe method of diagnosis, and proposal of a procedure for postrhinoplasty packing (without mineral oils) to avoid this complication.

Effects of nefazodone on the development of experimentally induced tumors in stressed rodents.

RATIONALE: Anxiety and depression are commonly encountered in patients with cancer and constitute risk and prognostic factors for the disease. Although previous findings do not support an overall association between the use of antidepressants and higher prevalence of cancer, results for serotonin uptake inhibitors are not entirely reassuring. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effects of nefazodone, a serotonin and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitor and 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist antidepressant, on the appearance of breast cancer induced by mammary tumor virus (MTV) in mice, and on the development of lung metastases in rats injected intravenously with Walker 256 (W-256) carcinosarcoma cells. METHODS: Female C3H/He mice carrying the MTV were monitored for mammary tumor incidence and latent periods while being treated with a daily intraperitoneal injection with placebo or nefazodone. Rats were administered 10(4) W-256 cells, exposed to a chronic auditory stressor for 8 days, and then killed to evaluate metastatic nodules in the lungs. RESULTS: Although all of the mice were potential candidates for MTV-induced breast cancer, those treated with nefazodone were partially protected against adverse effects of stress induced by the daily administration of placebo on both parameters. Relative to placebo, nefazodone reduced the stress-induced increase in the number and percentage area of metastases in the frontal section through pulmonary hilus and increased the survival periods of rats given W-256 cells and exposed to a chronic auditory stressor. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence of the beneficial effects of nefazodone against the adverse effects of stress on tumor development and metastaticity in rodents, but did not show significant effects in unstressed rodents.

Administration of the 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) receptor antagonist WAY100635 suppresses acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats.

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T-cell inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) widely considered as an animal model of multiple sclerosis. In Lewis rats, myelin basic protein-complete Freund's adjuvant (MBP-CFA)-induced EAE is an acute monophasic disease from which animals recover fully. In our experiments, daily treatment (since day 1 after MBP-CFA inoculation) with the 5-hydroxytryptamine((1A)) (5-HT(1A)) receptor agonist (R)-(+)-8-hydroxy-2-(Dipropylamino)-tetralin (R(+)-8-OH-DPAT) resulted in a dose-related enhancement of neurological and histological signs in EAE-induced rats. This effect of R(+)-8-OH-DPAT was reduced by the co-administration of the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist (N-[2-(4-[2-mehoxyphenil]-1-piperazinyl)-ethyl]-N-2-pyridinylcyclohexanecarboxamide (WAY100635) at the peak of the acute disease. Moreover, treatment with WAY100635 since inoculation resulted in a delayed onset of the first clinical signs, milder disease and earlier regression of neurological signs along with a decrease in inflammation in the CNS.

Primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma. Case series 1991-2012.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Merkel cell carcinoma was first described by Toker in 1972. It is an uncommon, primary neuroendocrine skin carcinoma which appears in the dermoepidermic area, grows fast, is very aggressive and has a poor prognosis. The aim of this work is to highlight the importance of this tumour, which develops mainly in the skin of the head and neck area, and whose prevalence has increased in recent years. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We gathered data on 16 patients suffering cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma treated at our hospital between September 12, 1991 and July 13, 2012. We indicated the age and gender of patients. We described the area where the tumour was located, indicating the size in millimetres, according to the major axis of the lesion. RESULTS: Most of the patients studied were over 70 years old, except for one who was 55. The highest frequency of cases appeared among patients aged over 80 years. In the cases studied, when the tumour appeared in the head and neck region (10/16), its location could be nasal-lateronasal, cheek-malar, upper eyelid, frontal or mandibular. The major axis of the lesion ranged between 7 and 35 mm. Unlike with epidermoid or basocellular carcinomas, recurrence and ganglionar metastases were common. Immunohistochemical (CK20) tests are essential for a correct diagnosis. Treatment is usually surgical and occasionally followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: This carcinoma is not a very common skin tumour. It appears in old age, in the head and neck region in 50% of cases and often leads to exitus.

High-riding innominate artery in neck surgery.

We present two cases of innominate artery (IA) in a cervical position. In the first case, surgery was not performed because there was no indication. In the second, it was possible to obtain surgical images of the AI and its branches located in front of the laryngotracheal axis. A warning about the serious risk involved in cervical surgery in these cases is indicated.

Análisis experimental mediante vibrometría láser doppler en huesos temporales de cadáver fresco de una nueva prótesis de maleovestibulopexia / A new malleostapedotomy prosthesis. Experimental analysis by laser doppler vibrometer in fresh cadaver temporal bones

Introducción y objetivos. Confirmar en temporales frescos de cadáver el comportamiento óptimo teórico (previamente determinado en un modelo computadorizado del oído medio humano) de una nueva prótesis de sustitución osicular total así como objetivar la facilidad de colocación de la misma. Finalmente comprobamos su estabilidad tras ser colocada puesto que el diseño de esta nueva prótesis evita, teóricamente, su movilización o extrusión al anclarse directamente en el mango del martillo. Material y métodos. En el estudio analizamos, mediante vibrometría láser doppler, el comportamiento mecanoacústico de una nueva prótesis de recambio osicular total en el oído medio humano utilizando 10 huesos temporales de cadáver fresco. Resultados. El diseño de la prótesis impide su desplazamiento o extensión y facilita su colocación en el oído medio. La función de transferencia de los temporales a quienes se implantó la nueva prótesis se superpone con la del oído medio intacto antes de la colocación de la prótesis lo que sugiere un comportamiento mecanoacústico óptimo de la misma. Conclusiones. La prótesis de titanio evaluada en este estudio presenta un comportamiento mecanoacústico superponible al del oído medio intacto, lo que se suma a la facilidad de colocación y estabilidad posquirúrgica conviertiéndola en un diseño de prótesis a tener en cuenta ante una reconstrucción osicular total (AU)

Introduction and objectives. One of the problems with total ossicular replacement prostheses is their stability. Prosthesis dislocations and extrusions are common in middle ear surgery. This is due to variations in endo-tympanic pressure as well as design defects. The design of this new prosthesis reduces this problem by being joined directly to the malleus handle. The aim of this study is to confirm adequate acoustic-mechanical behaviour in fresh cadaver middle ear of a new total ossicular replacement prosthesis, designed using the finite elements method. Methods. Using the doppler vibrometer laser, we analysed the acoustic-mechanical behaviour of a new total ossicular replacement prosthesis in the human middle ear using 10 temporal bones from fresh cadavers. Results. The transfer function of the ears in which we implanted the new prosthesis was superimposed over the non-manipulated ear. This suggests optimum acoustic-mechanical behaviour. Conclusions. The titanium prosthesis analysed in this study demonstrated optimum acoustic-mechanical behaviour. Together with its ease of implantation and post-surgical stability, these factors make it a prosthesis to be kept in mind in ossicular reconstruction (AU)

[Laparoscopic treatment of hepatic hydatid cysts: techniques and post-operative complications]. / Tratamiento laparoscópico de los quistes hidatídicos hepáticos: técnicas y complicaciones postoperatorias.

INTRODUCTION: We evaluate our experience in the surgical laparoscopic treatment of hepatic hydatid cysts with the same criteria that we use in open surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 8 operated patients and their intra- and postoperative complications. RESULTS: We performed the scheduled surgery on 7 patients; bleeding was the reason for conversion to open surgery in the remaining one. We made 4 complete peri-cystectomies, 3 de-roofing and 1 hepatic resection. Two patients had postoperative bile leaks: the first one had an external leak that needed an endoscopic sphincterotomy and the other developed an abscess that needed reintervention for drainage. This patient also had a right hepatic vein thrombosis that disappeared spontaneously. Finally, 3 patients had hypernatremia without clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the open surgery techniques for hepatic hydatid cysts can be performed laparoscopically, without any specific instruments. Our complications with laparoscopic treatment of hepatic hydatid cysts were similar to those of open surgery.

Carcinoma neuroendocrino primario de la piel, carcinoma de células de Merkel. Casuística 1991-2012 / Primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma. Case series 1991-2012

Introducción y objetivos: El llamado clásicamente carcinoma de células de Merkel fue descrito por Toker en 1972, se trata de un carcinoma neuroendocrino primario de la piel. Aparece en la unión dermoepidérmica, es poco frecuente, de crecimiento rápido, agresivo y de mal pronóstico. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer este carcinoma que se implanta preferentemente en la piel de la cabeza y del cuello, y que aumenta su prevalencia en los últimos años. Material y método: Recogemos 16 pacientes afectados por el carcinoma neuroendocrino primario de la piel, tratados en nuestro centro entre 12/09/91 y 13/07/12. Se precisa la edad y el sexo. Se describe la zona de implantación del tumor. Su tamaño lo expresamos en milímetros según el eje mayor de la lesión. Resultados: Nuestros pacientes son mayores de 70 años, excepto la última incluida que contaba 55, la mayor frecuencia es en mayores de 80. Los casos recogidos, cuando asientan en la piel de cabeza y cuello (10/16) tienen localización: nasal-lateronasal, mejilla-malar, párpado superior, frontal, mandibular. El eje mayor de la lesión oscila entre 7 y 35 mm. A diferencia de lo que ocurre en los carcinomas espinocelulares o basocelulares son frecuentes las recurrencias y las metástasis. Para el diagnóstico es imprescindible la inmunohistoquímica con citoqueratina 20. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, ocasionalmente seguido de radioterapia y quimioterapia. Conclusión: Se trata de un carcinoma poco frecuente de la piel, aparece en la edad avanzada, asienta en cabeza y cuello en más del 50% de los casos y conduce con frecuencia al exitus (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Merkel cell carcinoma was first described by Toker in 1972. It is an uncommon, primary neuroendocrine skin carcinoma which appears in the dermoepidermic area, grows fast, is very aggressive and has a poor prognosis. The aim of this work is to highlight the importance of this tumour, which develops mainly in the skin of the head and neck area, and whose prevalence has increased in recent years. Material and method: We gathered data on 16 patients suffering cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma treated at our hospital between September 12, 1991 and July 13, 2012. We indicated the age and gender of patients. We described the area where the tumour was located, indicating the size in millimetres, according to the major axis of the lesion. Results: Most of the patients studied were over 70 years old, except for one who was 55. The highest frequency of cases appeared among patients aged over 80 years. In the cases studied, when the tumour appeared in the head and neck region (10/16), its location could be nasal-lateronasal, cheek-malar, upper eyelid, frontal or mandibular. The major axis of the lesion ranged between 7 and 35 mm. Unlike with epidermoid or basocellular carcinomas, recurrence and ganglionar metastases were common. Immunohistochemical (CK20) tests are essential for a correct diagnosis. Treatment is usually surgical and occasionally followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Conclusion: This carcinoma is not a very common skin tumour. It appears in old age, in the head and neck region in 50% of cases and often leads to exitus (AU)

Arteria innominada aberrante alta en cirugía cervical / High-riding innominate artery in neck surgery

Presentamos 2 casos de posición cervical de la arteria innominada (AI). En el primer caso no se efectúa cirugía por no existir indicación, el segundo permite obtener imágenes quirúrgicas de la AI y sus ramas, situadas delante del eje laringotraqueal. Se alerta del grave riesgo de la cirugía cervical en estos casos (AU)

We present two cases of innominate artery (IA) in a cervical position. In the first case, surgery was not performed because there was no indication. In the second, it was possible to obtain surgical images of the AI and its branches located in front of the laryngotracheal axis. A warning about the serious risk involved in cervical surgery in these cases is indicated (AU)

Respuesta de los autores: Cirugía laparoscópica del quiste hidatídico hepático / Authors’ reply: Laparoscopic surgery of hepatic hydatid cyst

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Lesiones no malignas que implican a senos paranasales / y fosa craneal anterior / No-malignant lessions involving the paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base

Introducción y objetivos. No son raras las lesiones que implican conjuntamente el territorio nasoparanasal y la fosa craneal anterior. Son enfermedades de distinta naturaleza. El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer las peculiaridades con las que alteraciones no malignas afectan a ambas regiones. Métodos. Definimos los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se incluyen 32 casos (1986-2007): tumores benignos (31,2 %), seudotumores (3,1 %), trastornos fibroóseos (12,5 %), malformaciones congénitas o adquiridas (18,7 %) y enfermedades infecciosas (34,3 %). Se analizan los medios de diagnóstico por imagen, el mecanismo patogénico evolutivo y el tratamiento. Resultados. De 43 osteomas considerados, 6 afectaban a la fosa craneal anterior (13,04 %); 3 desarrollaron paquimeningitis y uno, neumoencéfalo. De 2 meningiomas, uno era asintomático y el otro producía destrucción subtotal del hueso frontal. Un hemangioma gigante, dentro de un síndrome de Klippel Trenaunay, se trata por tratamiento combinado craneofacial. Los trastornos fibroóseos son específicamente displasias fibrosas, afectan al techo del etmoides. En malformaciones, predominan los meningoencefaloceles, de los que 2 se diagnosticaron tras meningitis recidivantes. De 11 pacientes incluidos por infecciones, 10 tenían en común el desarrollo de osteomielitis frontal, el undécimo es una paciente con mucormicosis. Realizamos tratamiento quirúrgico en el 84,3 %: craneotomía frontal (37 %), tratamiento combinado craneofacial (18,5 %), tratamiento subfrontal (18,5 %), técnica osteoplástica (18,5 %), tratamiento paralateronasal (3,7 %) y cirugía microscópica endonasal (3,7 %). Conclusiones. El diagnóstico, la extensión lesional y la planificación del tratamiento se apoyan principalmente en estudios de imagen. El objetivo principal del tratamiento, tras la resolución de las lesiones, es la separación estanca de FCA y senos. El colgajo pediculado de pericráneo y la osteosíntesis con miniplacas son de elección en el tiempo de reconstrucción (AU)

Background and objectives. The lesions that involve the paranasal sinuses and the anterior cranial base at the same time are not unusual. These diseases have different features. The aim of this study is to set out the particularities of the non-malignant lesions involving both zones. Material and methods. Retrospective study of 32 patients between 1986 and 2007 diagnosed with: non-malignant tumours (31.2 %), tumor like lesions (3.1 %), fibrous-osseous lesions (12.5 %), congenital or acquired malformations (18.7 %) and infection disease (34.3 %). We analyse the diagnostic imaging, the treatment and pathogen mechanism. Results. Only 6 of 43 osteomas involved the paranasal sinuses and anterior cranial fossa (13.04 %): 3 cases have developed meningitis and 1 developed a pneumocephalus. 2 cases are meningiomas: 1 was asymptomatic and the other one caused destruction at subtotal frontal bone. 1 giant hemangioma associated with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is treated by combined craniofacial approach. The fibrous-osseous lesions were specifically fibrous dysplasia and affected the ethmoides. The encephalocele were predominating in the malformations group, 2 were diagnosed after repeated meningitis. 11 cases are included by infection: 10 cases caused osteomielitis and the eleventh is a patient with a mucormycosis. Surgery has been used in 84.3 % of the cases: frontal craniotomy 37 %, combined craniofacial approach 18.5 %, subfrontal approach 18.5 %, osteoplastic technique 18.5 %, lateronasal approach 3.7 %, endonasal microscopic resection 3.7 %. Conclusions. In this study the diagnosis, extension and surgical management were supported in the imaging. A closed separation between the anterior cranial fossa ant the sinus is necessary after the resection. The reconstruction was performed using a pedicled pericranial flap and titanium mesh in most of the cases (AU)

Tratamiento laparoscópico de los quistes hidatídicos hepáticos: técnicas y complicaciones postoperatorias / Laparoscopic treatment of hepatic hydatid cysts: techniques and post-operative complications

Introducción Análisis de nuestra experiencia en la intervención de quistes hidatídicos hepáticos mediante cirugía laparoscópica con criterios similares a los de la cirugía abierta. Material y métodos Estudio retrospectivo de 8 pacientes operados y de las complicaciones intraoperatorias y postoperatorias. Resultados En 7 pacientes se completó la intervención planificada por laparoscopia, en uno fue necesaria reconversión por hemorragia. Se realizaron 4 quistoperiquistectomías, 3 resecciones de cúpula saliente y 1 resección hepática. Dos pacientes sufrieron fístulas biliares: una de ellas (externa) necesitó una esfinterectomía endoscópica y la otra desarrolló un absceso que fue necesario reintervenir y drenar. En esta paciente se observó una trombosis de vena suprahepática derecha que se resolvió espontáneamente; 3 enfermos desarrollaron hipernatremia sin repercusión clínica. Conclusiones Muchas de las técnicas descritas en cirugía abierta son realizables por laparoscopia, sin necesidad de instrumentación específica para los quistes hidatídicos. Las complicaciones encontradas son similares a las de la cirugía abierta (AU)

Introduction We evaluate our experience in the surgical laparoscopic treatment of hepatic hydatid cysts with the same criteria that we use in open surgery. Material and methods A retrospective study of 8 operated patients and their intra- and postoperative complications. Results We performed the scheduled surgery on 7 patients; bleeding was the reason for conversion to open surgery in the remaining one. We made 4 complete peri-cystectomies, 3 de-roofing and 1 hepatic resection. Two patients had postoperative bile leaks: the first one had an external leak that needed an endoscopic sphincterotomy and the other developed an abscess that needed reintervention for drainage. This patient also had a right hepatic vein thrombosis that disappeared spontaneously. Finally, 3 patients had hypernatremia without clinical symptoms. Conclusions Many of the open surgery techniques for hepatic hydatid cysts can be performed laparoscopically, without any specific instruments. Our complications with laparoscopic treatment of hepatic hydatid cysts were similar to those of open surgery(AU)

Estudio de las características mecanoacústicas del oído medio sometido a cirugía estapedial con y sin conservación del tendón del estribo / Analysis of the mechanical-acoustic features of the middle ear after stapedial surgery both with and without stapes muscle preservation

Introducción y objetivos: La cirugía de sustitución estapedial realizada en casos de otosclerosis altera diversos elementos anatómicos del oído medio (osiculares, ligamentosos y tendinosos), lo que modifica sus propiedades físicas. El objetivo del trabajo es determinar qué técnicas de las practicadas durante la cirugía de la otosclerosis respetan más las características mecanoacústicas del oído medio. Pacientes y método: Estudiamos los resultados audiológicos y admitanciométricos de 100 pacientes sometidos a diversas técnicas de sustitución estapedial y los comparamos con los de 20 sujetos otológicamente sanos. Resultados: Los resultados audiológicos obtenidos son similares en los diversos tipos de técnicas quirúrgicas comparadas; sin embargo, las que respetan el tendón del músculo estapedial presentan, tras la intervención, frecuencias de resonancia del oído similares a los oídos sanos, lo que no ocurre con las demás técnicas evaluadas. Conclusiones: A la luz de los resultados, consideramos que debe conservarse el tendón estapedial durante la cirugía de la otosclerosis, ya que de este modo se preservan mejor las características mecanoacústicas del oído, lo que repercute en una mejor discriminación del lenguaje en ambientes ruidosos

Introduction and objective: Stapes replacement surgery performed in cases of otosclerosis alters various anatomical (ossicular, ligament, and tendon) elements of the middle ear affecting their physical properties. The goal of our work is to determine which of the surgical techniques applied during otosclerosis most respects the mechanical-acoustic features of the middle ear. Patients and method: We analyzed the audiological and admittance results of 100 patients who underwent various stapedial replacement techniques and compared them to 20 otologically healthy subjects. Results: The audiological results obtained are similar in the different surgical techniques compared. However, those techniques in which the stapedial muscle tendon is preserved offer similar hearing resonance frequencies post intervention as healthy ears, which was not found to be the case in the remaining techniques evaluated. Conclusions: We feel that the stapedial tendon should be preserved during otosclerosis surgery as the mechanical-acoustic features of the ear are thus better conserved, leading to enhanced language recognition in noisy environments

Prevalencia e indicadores de riesgo de la disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular, en el pesonal del Campo Militar No. 1-A / Prevalance and risk-factors for tempoto-mandibular joint dysfunction in prsonnel from the Military Camp No. 1-A

En este estudio se aplicó un cuestionario para identificar la presencia de disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular, (ATM) a 255 militaries del Campo Militar No. 1-A. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron prevalencia de estrés de 26 por ciento, las alteraciones oclusales con prevalencia de 72 por ciento, dolor muscular con 5.1 por ciento, dolor de ATM con 1.6 por ciento, la prevalencia de las alteraciones de la ATM resultó de 24.7 por ciento, la prevalencia de hábitos bucales anormales fue de 39 por ciento. El análisis de asociación entre las posibles causas de la disfunción de la ATM se realizó a través de la Razón de Momios (RM). Se encontró asociación entre el estrés y la presencia de hábitos bucales anormales, con RM de 2.83, las alteraciones oclusales resultaron significativas con la presencia de dolor muscular (p< 0.05), las alteraciones oclusales y la presencia de alteraciones de la ATM, resultaron con RM de 2.47 (p< 0.05), las alteraciones oclusales y rechinar de los dientes resultaron con RM de 5.51 (p< 0.005). En este estudio se concluyó que las alteraciones oclusales son el principal factor de riesgo, para la presencia de disfunción temporomandibula