RESUMEN
Clinical trials have identified ARID1A mutations as enriched among patients who respond favorably to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in several solid tumor types independent of microsatellite instability. We show that ARID1A loss in murine models is sufficient to induce anti-tumor immune phenotypes observed in ARID1A mutant human cancers, including increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytolytic activity. ARID1A-deficient cancers upregulated an interferon (IFN) gene expression signature, the ARID1A-IFN signature, associated with increased R-loops and cytosolic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Overexpression of the R-loop resolving enzyme, RNASEH2B, or cytosolic DNase, TREX1, in ARID1A-deficient cells prevented cytosolic ssDNA accumulation and ARID1A-IFN gene upregulation. Further, the ARID1A-IFN signature and anti-tumor immunity were driven by STING-dependent type I IFN signaling, which was required for improved responsiveness of ARID1A mutant tumors to ICB treatment. These findings define a molecular mechanism underlying anti-tumor immunity in ARID1A mutant cancers.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Interferón Tipo I , Proteínas de la Membrana , Neoplasias , Transducción de Señal , Factores de Transcripción , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Exodesoxirribonucleasas/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Interferón Tipo I/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Mutación , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Masculino , Quimiocinas/genética , Quimiocinas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Overcoming immune-mediated resistance to PD-1 blockade remains a major clinical challenge. Enhanced efficacy has been demonstrated in melanoma patients with combined nivolumab (anti-PD-1) and relatlimab (anti-LAG-3) treatment, the first in its class to be FDA approved. However, how these two inhibitory receptors synergize to hinder anti-tumor immunity remains unknown. Here, we show that CD8+ T cells deficient in both PD-1 and LAG-3, in contrast to CD8+ T cells lacking either receptor, mediate enhanced tumor clearance and long-term survival in mouse models of melanoma. PD-1- and LAG-3-deficient CD8+ T cells were transcriptionally distinct, with broad TCR clonality and enrichment of effector-like and interferon-responsive genes, resulting in enhanced IFN-γ release indicative of functionality. LAG-3 and PD-1 combined to drive T cell exhaustion, playing a dominant role in modulating TOX expression. Mechanistically, autocrine, cell-intrinsic IFN-γ signaling was required for PD-1- and LAG-3-deficient CD8+ T cells to enhance anti-tumor immunity, providing insight into how combinatorial targeting of LAG-3 and PD-1 enhances efficacy.
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Antígenos CD , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Interferón gamma , Proteína del Gen 3 de Activación de Linfocitos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1 , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Animales , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Ratones , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Comunicación Autocrina , Humanos , Melanoma/inmunología , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Línea Celular Tumoral , Melanoma Experimental/inmunología , Agotamiento de Células TRESUMEN
Concentrations of the secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA), are aberrantly elevated in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but the consequences remain poorly understood. Here, we screened a library of gut microbiota-derived metabolites and identified DCA as a negative regulator for CD8+ T cell effector function. Mechanistically, DCA suppressed CD8+ T cell responses by targeting plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) to inhibit Ca2+-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)2 signaling. In CRC patients, CD8+ T cell effector function negatively correlated with both DCA concentration and expression of a bacterial DCA biosynthetic gene. Bacteria harboring DCA biosynthetic genes suppressed CD8+ T cells effector function and promoted tumor growth in mice. This effect was abolished by disrupting bile acid metabolism via bile acid chelation, genetic ablation of bacterial DCA biosynthetic pathway, or specific bacteriophage. Our study demonstrated causation between microbial DCA metabolism and anti-tumor CD8+ T cell response in CRC, suggesting potential directions for anti-tumor therapy.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Ácidos y Sales Biliares , Ácido Desoxicólico/farmacología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivosRESUMEN
Fasting is associated with improved outcomes in cancer. Here, we investigated the impact of fasting on natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumor immunity. Cyclic fasting improved immunity against solid and metastatic tumors in an NK cell-dependent manner. During fasting, NK cells underwent redistribution from peripheral tissues to the bone marrow (BM). In humans, fasting also reduced circulating NK cell numbers. NK cells in the spleen of fasted mice were metabolically rewired by elevated concentrations of fatty acids and glucocorticoids, augmenting fatty acid metabolism via increased expression of the enzyme CPT1A, and Cpt1a deletion impaired NK cell survival and function in this setting. In parallel, redistribution of NK cells to the BM during fasting required the trafficking mediators S1PR5 and CXCR4. These cells were primed by an increased pool of interleukin (IL)-12-expressing BM myeloid cells, which improved IFN-γ production. Our findings identify a link between dietary restriction and optimized innate immune responses, with the potential to enhance immunotherapy strategies.
Asunto(s)
Ayuno , Células Asesinas Naturales , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Animales , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Ratones , Humanos , Neoplasias/inmunología , Médula Ósea/inmunología , Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Ratones Noqueados , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Bazo/inmunología , Bazo/metabolismo , Inmunidad Innata/inmunología , Interleucina-12/metabolismo , Interleucina-12/inmunología , Receptores CXCR4/metabolismoRESUMEN
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) hypofunction contributes to the progression of advanced cancers and is a frequent target of immunotherapy. Emerging evidence indicates that metabolic insufficiency drives T cell hypofunction during tonic stimulation, but the signals that initiate metabolic reprogramming in this context are largely unknown. Here, we found that Meteorin-like (METRNL), a metabolically active cytokine secreted by immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), induced bioenergetic failure of CD8+ T cells. METRNL was secreted by CD8+ T cells during repeated stimulation and acted via both autocrine and paracrine signaling. Mechanistically, METRNL increased E2F-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) activity, causing mitochondrial depolarization and decreased oxidative phosphorylation, which triggered a compensatory bioenergetic shift to glycolysis. Metrnl ablation or downregulation improved the metabolic fitness of CD8+ T cells and enhanced tumor control in several tumor models, demonstrating the translational potential of targeting the METRNL-E2F-PPARδ pathway to support bioenergetic fitness of CD8+ TILs.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor , Mitocondrias , Microambiente Tumoral , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Animales , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/inmunología , Ratones , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/inmunología , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Citocinas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Metabolismo Energético , PPAR delta/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias/inmunología , Glucólisis , Ratones Noqueados , Fosforilación OxidativaRESUMEN
Limited infiltration and activity of natural killer (NK) and T cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) correlate with poor immunotherapy responses. Here, we examined the role of the endonuclease Regnase-1 on NK cell anti-tumor activity. NK cell-specific deletion of Regnase-1 (Reg1ΔNK) augmented cytolytic activity and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production in vitro and increased intra-tumoral accumulation of Reg1ΔNK-NK cells in vivo, reducing tumor growth dependent on IFN-γ. Transcriptional changes in Reg1ΔNK-NK cells included elevated IFN-γ expression, cytolytic effectors, and the chemokine receptor CXCR6. IFN-γ induced expression of the CXCR6 ligand CXCL16 on myeloid cells, promoting further recruitment of Reg1ΔNK-NK cells. Mechanistically, Regnase-1 deletion increased its targets, the transcriptional regulators OCT2 and IκBζ, following interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 stimulation, and the resulting OCT2-IκBζ-NF-κB complex induced Ifng transcription. Silencing Regnase-1 in human NK cells increased the expression of IFNG and POU2F2. Our findings highlight NK cell dysfunction in the TME and propose that targeting Regnase-1 could augment active NK cell persistence for cancer immunotherapy.
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Interferón gamma , Células Asesinas Naturales , Microambiente Tumoral , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Animales , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ribonucleasas/metabolismo , Ribonucleasas/genética , Ratones Noqueados , Transcripción Genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , FN-kappa B/metabolismoRESUMEN
In a recent article, Maxwell et al. report that loss of tumor cell-specific AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A), a component of the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex, triggers antitumor immunity via R-loop-mediated upregulation of the type-I interferon (IFN) pathway. These recent findings uncover a molecular mechanism underlying improved responses to immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) seen in patients harboring an ARID1A loss-of-function mutation.
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Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Proteínas de la Membrana , Neoplasias , Factores de Transcripción , Humanos , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/genética , Animales , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Mutación , Transducción de Señal , Interferón Tipo I/metabolismo , Interferón Tipo I/inmunología , Ensamble y Desensamble de CromatinaRESUMEN
Signals emanating from the T-cell receptor (TCR), co-stimulatory receptors, and cytokine receptors each influence CD8 T-cell fate. Understanding how these signals respond to homeostatic and microenvironmental cues can reveal new ways to therapeutically direct T-cell function. Through forward genetic screening in mice, we discover that loss-of-function mutations in LDL receptor-related protein 10 (Lrp10) cause naive and central memory CD8 T cells to accumulate in peripheral lymphoid organs. Lrp10 encodes a conserved cell surface protein of unknown immunological function. T-cell activation induces Lrp10 expression, which post-translationally suppresses IL7 receptor (IL7R) levels. Accordingly, Lrp10 deletion enhances T-cell homeostatic expansion through IL7R signaling. Lrp10-deficient mice are also intrinsically resistant to syngeneic tumors. This phenotype depends on dense tumor infiltration of CD8 T cells, which display increased memory cell characteristics, reduced terminal exhaustion, and augmented responses to immune checkpoint inhibition. Here, we present Lrp10 as a new negative regulator of CD8 T-cell homeostasis and a host factor that controls tumor resistance with implications for immunotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Homeostasis , Receptores de Interleucina-7 , Animales , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Ratones , Receptores de Interleucina-7/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-7/genética , Proteínas Relacionadas con Receptor de LDL/metabolismo , Proteínas Relacionadas con Receptor de LDL/genética , Transducción de Señal , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Ratones Noqueados , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Memoria Inmunológica , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/genética , HumanosRESUMEN
This study delves into the unexplored realm of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by investigating the role of TRIM28 and its intricate molecular mechanisms using high-throughput single-cell transcriptome sequencing and advanced bioinformatics analysis. Our comprehensive examination unveiled dynamic TRIM28 expression changes, particularly in immune cells such as macrophages and CD8+ T cells within CRPC. Correlation analyses with TCGA data highlighted the connection between TRIM28 and immune checkpoint expression and emphasized its pivotal influence on the quantity and functionality of immune cells. Using TRIM28 knockout mouse models, we identified differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways, unraveling the potential regulatory involvement of TRIM28 in the cGAS-STING pathway. In vitro, experiments further illuminated that TRIM28 knockout in prostate cancer cells induced a notable anti-tumor immune effect by inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization and enhancing CD8+ T cell activity. This impactful discovery was validated in an in situ transplant tumor model, where TRIM28 knockout exhibited a deceleration in tumor growth, reduced proportions of M2 macrophages, and enhanced infiltration of CD8+ T cells. In summary, this study elucidates the hitherto unknown anti-tumor immune role of TRIM28 in CRPC and unravels its potential regulatory mechanism via the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the immune landscape of CRPC, offering promising directions for developing innovative therapeutic strategies.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Proteínas de la Membrana , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración , Proteína 28 que Contiene Motivos Tripartito , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/inmunología , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Nucleotidiltransferasas/metabolismo , Nucleotidiltransferasas/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/patología , Transducción de Señal , Proteína 28 que Contiene Motivos Tripartito/metabolismo , Proteína 28 que Contiene Motivos Tripartito/genéticaRESUMEN
Malignant tumors are often associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), rendering most of them resistant to standard-of-care immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor, has well-defined immunosuppressive functions in several leukocyte populations within the TME. Since the STAT3 protein has been challenging to target using conventional pharmaceutical modalities, we investigated the feasibility of applying systemically delivered RNA interference (RNAi) agents to silence its mRNA directly in tumor-associated immune cells. In preclinical rodent tumor models, chemically stabilized acylated small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) selectively silenced Stat3 mRNA in multiple relevant cell types, reduced STAT3 protein levels, and increased cytotoxic T cell infiltration. In a murine model of CPI-resistant pancreatic cancer, RNAi-mediated Stat3 silencing resulted in tumor growth inhibition, which was further enhanced in combination with CPIs. To further exemplify the utility of RNAi for cancer immunotherapy, this technology was used to silence Cd274, the gene encoding the immune checkpoint protein programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Interestingly, silencing of Cd274 was effective in tumor models that are resistant to PD-L1 antibody therapy. These data represent the first demonstration of systemic delivery of RNAi agents to the TME and suggest applying this technology for immuno-oncology applications.
Asunto(s)
Antígeno B7-H1 , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Factor de Transcripción STAT3 , Microambiente Tumoral , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/genética , Animales , Ratones , Antígeno B7-H1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/inmunología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/genéticaRESUMEN
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug that causes a plethora of DNA lesions and inhibits DNA transcription and replication, resulting in the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. However, over time, patients develop resistance to cisplatin due to repeated treatment and thus the treatment efficacy is limited. Therefore, identifying an alternative therapeutic strategy combining cisplatin treatment along with targeting factors that drive cisplatin resistance is needed. CRISPR/Cas9 system-based genome-wide screening for the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) subfamily identified USP28 as a potential DUB that governs cisplatin resistance. USP28 regulates the protein level of microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase 1 (MAST1), a common kinase whose expression is elevated in several cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. The expression level and protein turnover of MAST1 is a major factor driving cisplatin resistance in many cancer types. Here we report that the USP28 interacts and extends the half-life of MAST1 protein by its deubiquitinating activity. The expression pattern of USP28 and MAST1 showed a positive correlation across a panel of tested cancer cell lines and human clinical tissues. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout of USP28 in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells blocked MAST1-driven cisplatin resistance, resulting in suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration and invasion in vitro. Finally, loss of USP28 destabilized MAST1 protein and attenuated tumor growth by sensitizing cells to cisplatin treatment in mouse xenograft model. We envision that targeting the USP28-MAST1 axis along with cisplatin treatment might be an alternative therapeutic strategy to overcome cisplatin resistance in cancer patients.
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Cisplatino , Neoplasias , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Carcinogénesis/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Transformación Celular Neoplásica , Cisplatino/farmacología , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos , Microtúbulos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Ubiquitina TiolesterasaRESUMEN
Drug combination therapy is generally more effective than monotherapy in the field of cancer treatment. However, screening for effective synergistic combinations from a wide range of drug combinations is particularly important given the increase in the number of available drug classes and potential drug-drug interactions. Existing methods for predicting the synergistic effects of drug combinations primarily focus on extracting structural features of drug molecules and cell lines, but neglect the interaction mechanisms between cell lines and drug combinations. Consequently, there is a deficiency in comprehensive understanding of the synergistic effects of drug combinations. To address this issue, we propose a drug combination synergy prediction model based on multi-source feature interaction learning, named MFSynDCP, aiming to predict the synergistic effects of anti-tumor drug combinations. This model includes a graph aggregation module with an adaptive attention mechanism for learning drug interactions and a multi-source feature interaction learning controller for managing information transfer between different data sources, accommodating both drug and cell line features. Comparative studies with benchmark datasets demonstrate MFSynDCP's superiority over existing methods. Additionally, its adaptive attention mechanism graph aggregation module identifies drug chemical substructures crucial to the synergy mechanism. Overall, MFSynDCP is a robust tool for predicting synergistic drug combinations. The source code is available from GitHub at https://github.com/kkioplkg/MFSynDCP .
Asunto(s)
Benchmarking , Entrenamiento Simulado , Combinación de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Línea CelularRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Metastatic breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in woman. Current treatment options are often associated with adverse side effects and poor outcomes, demonstrating the need for effective new treatments. Immunotherapies can provide durable outcomes in many cancers; however, limited success has been achieved in metastatic triple negative breast cancer. We tested whether combining different immunotherapies can target metastatic triple negative breast cancer in pre-clinical models. METHODS: Using primary and metastatic 4T1 triple negative mammary carcinoma models, we examined the therapeutic effects of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVΔM51) engineered to express reovirus-derived fusion associated small transmembrane proteins p14 (VSV-p14) or p15 (VSV-p15). These viruses were delivered alone or in combination with natural killer T (NKT) cell activation therapy mediated by adoptive transfer of α-galactosylceramide-loaded dendritic cells. RESULTS: Treatment of primary 4T1 tumors with VSV-p14 or VSV-p15 alone increased immunogenic tumor cell death, attenuated tumor growth, and enhanced immune cell infiltration and activation compared to control oncolytic virus (VSV-GFP) treatments and untreated mice. When combined with NKT cell activation therapy, oncolytic VSV-p14 and VSV-p15 reduced metastatic lung burden to undetectable levels in all mice and generated immune memory as evidenced by enhanced in vitro recall responses (tumor killing and cytokine production) and impaired tumor growth upon rechallenge. CONCLUSION: Combining NKT cell immunotherapy with enhanced oncolytic virotherapy increased anti-tumor immune targeting of lung metastasis and presents a promising treatment strategy for metastatic breast cancer.
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Células T Asesinas Naturales , Viroterapia Oncolítica , Virus Oncolíticos , Animales , Femenino , Ratones , Células T Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Viroterapia Oncolítica/métodos , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Virus Oncolíticos/genética , Virus Oncolíticos/inmunología , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Virus de la Estomatitis Vesicular Indiana/genética , Virus de la Estomatitis Vesicular Indiana/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/terapia , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/patología , Terapia Combinada , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Vesiculovirus/genética , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Neoplasias de la Mama/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Obesity is associated with an increased risk for 13 different cancers. The increased risk for cancer in obesity is mediated by obesity-associated changes in the immune system. Obesity has distinct effects on different types of inflammation that are tied to tumorigenesis. For example, obesity promotes chronic inflammation in adipose tissue that is tumor-promoting in peripheral tissues. Conversely, obesity inhibits acute inflammation that rejects tumors. Obesity therefore promotes cancer by differentially regulating chronic versus acute inflammation. Given that obesity is chronic, the initial inflammation in adipose tissue will lead to systemic inflammation that could induce compensatory anti-inflammatory reactions in peripheral tissues to suppress chronic inflammation. The overall effect of obesity in peripheral tissues is therefore dependent on the duration and severity of obesity. Adipose tissue is a complex tissue that is composed of many cell types in addition to adipocytes. Further, adipose tissue cellularity is different at different anatomical sites throughout the body. Consequently, the sensitivity of adipose tissue to obesity is dependent on the anatomical location of the adipose depot. For example, obesity induces more inflammation in visceral than subcutaneous adipose tissue. Based on these studies, the mechanisms by which obesity promotes tumorigenesis are multifactorial and immune cell type-specific. The objective of our paper is to discuss the cellular mechanisms by which obesity promotes tumorigenesis by regulating distinct types of inflammation in adipose tissue and the tumor microenvironment.
RESUMEN
Despite the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treating solid tumors, lots of patients remain unresponsive to this therapy. Microwave ablation (MWA) stimulates systemic adaptive immunity against tumor cells by releasing tumor antigens. Additionally, IL-21 has demonstrated importance in stimulating T-cell effector function. The combination of these three therapies-MWA, IL-21, and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)-has yet to be explored in the context of cancer treatment.In this study, we explored the impact of thermal ablation on IL-21R expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Subsequently, we assessed alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and peripheral lymphoid organs. Additionally, we conducted a thorough examination of tumor-infiltrating CD45+ immune cells across various treatment groups using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Moreover, we determined the potential anti-tumor effects of the triple combination involving MWA, IL-21, and anti-PD-1 mAbs.Our findings revealed that MWA upregulated the expression of IL-21R on various immune cells in the untreated tumors. The combination of MWA with IL-21 exhibited a robust abscopal anti-tumor effect, enhancing the effector function of CD8+ T cells and facilitating dendritic cells' maturation and antigen presentation in the untreated tumor. Notably, the observed abscopal anti-tumor effect resulting from the combination is contingent upon T-cell recirculation, indicating the reliance of systemic adaptive immunity for this treatment regimen. Additionally, the combination of MWA, IL-21, and PD-1 mAbs demonstrated profound abscopal anti-tumor efficacy. Our findings provide support for further clinical investigation into a triple combination therapy involving MWA, IL-21, and ICIs for the treatment of metastatic cancer.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Interleucinas , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1 , Microambiente Tumoral , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Animales , Ratones , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/inmunología , Humanos , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Terapia Combinada , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/inmunología , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/metabolismo , Femenino , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/terapia , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Línea Celular TumoralRESUMEN
Tumor immunotherapy is booming around the world. However, strategies to activate the immune system and alleviate the immunosuppression still need to be refined. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS, spatial average time average intensity (Isata) is 200 mW/cm2, frequency is 0.3 MHz, repetition frequency is 1 kHz, and duty cycle is 20%) triggers the immune system and further reverses the immunosuppressive state in the mouse models of breast cancer by irradiating the spleen of mice. LIPUS inhibited tumor growth and extended survival in mice with 4 T-1 tumors. Further studies had previously shown that LIPUS enhanced the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen and led to significant changes in cytokines, as well as induced upregulation of mRNA levels involved in multiple immune regulatory pathways in the spleen. In addition, LIPUS promoted tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte accumulation and CD8+ T cell activation and improved the dynamics of cytokines/chemokines in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in a reversal of the immunosuppressive state of the tumor microenvironment. These results suggest a novel approach to activate the immune response by irradiating the spleen with LIPUS.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Bazo , Animales , Ratones , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Ondas Ultrasónicas , Terapia de Inmunosupresión , Citocinas , InmunosupresoresRESUMEN
Hotspot driver mutations presented by human leukocyte antigens might be recognized by anti-tumor T cells. Based on their advantages of tumor-specificity and immunogenicity, neoantigens derived from hotspot mutations, such as PIK3CAH1047L, may serve as emerging targets for cancer immunotherapies. NetMHCpan V4.1 was utilized for predicting neoepitopes of PIK3CA hotspot mutation. Using in vitro stimulation, antigen-specific T cells targeting the HLA-A*11:01-restricted PIK3CA mutation were isolated from healthy donor-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells. T cell receptors (TCRs) were cloned using single-cell PCR and sequencing. Their functionality was assessed through T cell activation markers, cytokine production and cytotoxic response to cancer cell lines pulsed with peptides or transduced genes of mutant PIK3CA. Immunogenic mutant antigens from PIK3CA and their corresponding CD8+ T cells were identified. These PIK3CA mutation-specific CD8+ T cells were subsequently enriched, and their TCRs were isolated. The TCR clones exhibited mutation-specific and HLA-restricted reactivity, demonstrating varying degrees of functional avidity. Identified TCR genes were transferred into CD8+ Jurkat cells and primary T cells deficient of endogenous TCRs. TCR-expressing cells demonstrated specific recognition and reactivity against the PIK3CAH1047L peptide presented by HLA-A*11:01-expressing K562 cells. Furthermore, mutation-specific TCR-T cells demonstrated an elevation in cytokine production and profound cytotoxic effects against HLA-A*11:01+ malignant cell lines harboring PIK3CAH1047L. Our data demonstrate the immunogenicity of an HLA-A*11:01-restricted PIK3CA hotspot mutation and its targeting therapeutic potential, together with promising candidates of TCR-T cell therapy.
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Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasa Clase I , Mutación , Neoplasias , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T , Humanos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasa Clase I/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasa Clase I/inmunología , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/genética , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/genética , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Antígeno HLA-A11/genética , Antígeno HLA-A11/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Epítopos de Linfocito T/inmunología , Epítopos de Linfocito T/genética , Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Línea Celular TumoralRESUMEN
In this article for the Highlights of 2023 Series, we discuss how various factors affect the ability of natural killer (NK) cells to fight tumors. For instance, tumor cells can hinder NK cell function by reducing surface protrusions or increasing HLA-E expression via platelets. Lower UTX protein levels in male NK cells also decrease their cytotoxicity compared with females. Fortunately, recent advancements in therapeutic approaches have emerged, including the development of a comprehensive atlas of NK cell heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment, as well as a trispecific engager molecule that has shown promise in enhancing the anti-tumor functions of NK cells.
Asunto(s)
Células Asesinas Naturales , Neoplasias , Microambiente Tumoral , Humanos , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/terapia , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Animales , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica , Inmunoterapia/métodosRESUMEN
Pyroptosis, an inflammatory cell death, plays a pivotal role in activating inflammatory response, reversing immunosuppression and enhancing anti-tumor immunity. However, challenges remain regarding how to induce pyroptosis efficiently and precisely in tumor cells to amplify anti-tumor immunotherapy. Herein, a pH-responsive polydopamine (PDA) nanocluster, perfluorocarbon (PFC)@octo-arginine (R8)-1-Hexadecylamine (He)-porphyrin (Por)@PDA-gambogic acid (GA)-cRGD (R-P@PDA-GC), is rationally design to augment phototherapy-induced pyroptosis and boost anti-tumor immunity through a two-input programmed cascade therapy. Briefly, oxygen doner PFC is encapsulated within R8 linked photosensitizer Por and He micelles as the core, followed by incorporation of GA and cRGD peptides modified PDA shell, yielding the ultimate R-P@PDA-GC nanoplatforms (NPs). The pH-responsive NPs effectively alleviate hypoxia by delivering oxygen via PFC and mitigate heat resistance in tumor cells through GA. Upon two-input programmed irradiation, R-P@PDA-GC NPs significantly enhance reactive oxygen species production within tumor cells, triggering pyroptosis via the Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway and releasing numerous inflammatory factors into the TME. This leads to the maturation of dendritic cells, robust infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T and NK cells, and diminution of immune suppressor Treg cells, thereby amplifying anti-tumor immunity.
RESUMEN
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer, characterized by aggressiveness and high recurrence rate. As monotherapy provides limited benefit to TNBC patients, combination therapy emerges as a promising treatment approach. Gambogic acid (GA) is an exceedingly promising anticancer agent. Nonetheless, its application potential is hampered by low drug loading efficiency and associated toxic side effects. To overcome these limitations, using mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) endowed with photothermal conversion capabilities is considered as a delivery vehicle for GA. Meanwhile, GA can inhibit the activity of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) to enhance the photothermal effect. Herein, GA-loaded MPDA nanoparticles (GA@MPDA NPs) are developed with a high drug loading rate of 75.96% and remarkable photothermal conversion performance. GA@MPDA NPs combined with photothermal treatment (PTT) significantly inhibit the tumor growth, and effectively trigger the immunogenic cell death (ICD), which thereby increase the number of activated effector T cells (CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells) in the tumor, and hoist the level of immune-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α). The above results suggest that the combination of GA@MPDA NPs with PTT expected to activate the antitumor immune response, thus potentially enhancing the clinical therapeutic effect on TNBC.