HIV infection in pregnant women and its challenges for the prenatal care.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological profile of HIV infections in pregnant women. METHODS: Analytical study with a quantitative approach. RESULTS: The HIV rate in pregnant women increased from 1.5/1000 babies born alive, in 2010, to 3.3/1000 in 2017. There was a significant association between the prenatal and the variables educational level (p<0.0001), occupation (p=0.0105), gestational age (p < 0.0001), and type of delivery (p < 0.0001). The mean rate of adherence to the antiretroviral treatment in the prenatal was 68.8% (DP = ± 3.7). CONCLUSION: The high rates of HIV detection in pregnant women suggest the need to intensify the health care to women during the prenatal, guaranteeing an integral care, early diagnoses, and enhancing the strategies to improve the adherence to the antiretroviral treatment, aiming to achieve the viral suppression of the mother by the time of childbirth, thus diminishing the risk of a vertical transmission.

HIV infection in pregnant women and its challenges for the prenatal care / Infección por VIH en embarazadas y los desafíos para la atención prenatal / Infecção por HIV em gestantes e os desafios para o cuidado pré-natal

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of HIV infections in pregnant women. Methods: Analytical study with a quantitative approach. Results: The HIV rate in pregnant women increased from 1.5/1000 babies born alive, in 2010, to 3.3/1000 in 2017. There was a significant association between the prenatal and the variables educational level (p<0.0001), occupation (p=0.0105), gestational age (p < 0.0001), and type of delivery (p < 0.0001). The mean rate of adherence to the antiretroviral treatment in the prenatal was 68.8% (DP = ± 3.7). Conclusion: The high rates of HIV detection in pregnant women suggest the need to intensify the health care to women during the prenatal, guaranteeing an integral care, early diagnoses, and enhancing the strategies to improve the adherence to the antiretroviral treatment, aiming to achieve the viral suppression of the mother by the time of childbirth, thus diminishing the risk of a vertical transmission.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el perfil epidemiológico de la infección por VIH en embarazadas. Métodos: Estudio analítico con abordaje cuantitativo. Resultados: La tasa de VIH en embarazadas aumentó de 1,5 en 2010 para 3,3 casos/mil nacidos vivos en 2017. Se verificó relación significante entre el prenatal y las variables escolaridad (p < 0,0001), ocupación (p = 0,0105), edad gestacional (p < 0,0001) y tipo de parto (p < 0,0001). La tasa media de adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral en el prenatal fue de 68,8% (DP = ± 3,7). Conclusión: Las elevadas tasas de detección de VIH en embarazadas remiten a la necesidad de intensificación de la atención a las mujeres durante el prenatal, con garantía de integridad de la asistencia, diagnóstico precoz y perfeccionamiento de estrategias para la mejoría de la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral objetivando a la supresión viral materna en el momento del parto y reducción del riesgo de transmisión vertical.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico da infecção pelo HIV em gestantes. Métodos: Estudo analítico com abordagem quantitativa. Resultados: A taxa de HIV em gestantes aumentou de 1,5 em 2010 para 3,3 casos/mil nascidos vivos em 2017. Verificou-se associação significante entre o prénatal e as variáveis escolaridade (p < 0,0001), ocupação (p = 0,0105), idade gestacional (p < 0,0001) e tipo de parto (p < 0,0001). A taxa média de adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral no pré-natal foi de 68,8% (DP = ± 3,7). Conclusão: As elevadas taxas de detecção de HIV em gestantes remetem à necessidade de intensificação do cuidado às mulheres durante o pré-natal, com garantia de integralidade da assistência, diagnóstico precoce e aprimoramento de estratégias para a melhoria da adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral visando à supressão viral materna no momento do parto e redução do risco de transmissão vertical.