Two-dimensional liquid chromatography measurement of meropenem concentration in synovial fluid of patients with periprosthetic joint infection.

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a catastrophic complication following joint replacement surgery. One potential treatment approach for PJI could be the combination of one-stage revision and intra-articular infusion of antibiotics. Meropenem is one of the commonly used intra-articular antibiotics in our institution. Determining the concentration of meropenem in the joint cavity could be crucial for optimizing its local application, effectively eradicating biofilm infection, and improving PJI treatment outcomes. In this study, we developed a simple, precise, and accurate method of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) for determining the concentration of meropenem in human synovial fluid. The method was then validated based on the guidelines of the Food and Drug Administration and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Meropenem showed good linearity in the range of 0.31-25.01 µg/mL (r ≥ .999). Selectivity, intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy, extraction recovery, and stability validation results were all within the acceptance range. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of synovial fluid samples from PJI patients, providing a useful detection method for meropenem therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in PJI patients.

Silencing circ_0000644 inhibits papillary thyroid cancer cell malignancy by combining with miR-671-5p to release the inhibition on ANXA2.

BACKGROUND: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is life-threatening due to its malignant progression. Considerable evidence demonstrates that circular RNA (circRNA) regulates PTC development. This study aims to explore the mechanism of circ_0000644 modulating PTC malignant progression. METHODS: The RNA levels of circ_0000644, microRNA-671-5p (miR-671-5p) and annexin A2 (ANXA2) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot was performed to check protein expression. Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were investigated by 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine and flow cytometry. Angiogenic capacity, migration and invasion were analyzed by tube formation assay and transwell assay. The interaction between miR-671-5p and circ_0000644 or ANXA2 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Xenograft mouse model assay was performed to analyze the effect of circ_0000644 on tumor formation in vivo. RESULTS: Circ_0000644 and ANXA2 expression was significantly upregulated, while miR-671-5p was downregulated in PTC tissues and cells when compared with control groups. Circ_0000644 knockdown inhibited PTC cell proliferation, tube formation, migration, and invasion, but induced apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, circ_0000644 knockdown led to delayed tumorigenesis in vivo. In addition, circ_0000644 acted as a miR-671-5p sponge and mediated PTC cell tumor properties through miR-671-5p. ANXA2 was identified as a target gene of miR-671-5p, and its overexpression relieved miR-671-5p-induced effects in PTC cells. Furthermore, circ_0000644 depletion inhibited ANXA2 production by combining with miR-671-5p. CONCLUSION: Circ_0000644 depletion repressed PTC cell tumor properties through the miR-671-5p/ANXA2 axis.

Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrophosphination of 3,3-Disubstituted Cyclopropenes.

Herein, a copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric hydrophosphination of 3,3-disubstituted cyclopropenes is reported. It provides a series of phosphine derivatives in high to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities. The methodology enjoys broad substrate scope on both 3,3-disubstituted cyclopropenes and diarylphosphines. The high stereoselectivity is attributed to both the high stability of the Cu(I)-(R,R)-QUINOXP* complex in the presence of stoichiometric HPPh2 and the produced phosphines, and the high-performance asymmetric induction of the Cu(I)-(R,R)-QUINOXP* complex. Finally, the method is used for the synthesis of new chiral phosphine-olefin compounds built on a cyclopropane skeleton, one of which serves as a wonderful ligand in Rh-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of phenylboronic acid to various α,ß-unsaturated compounds.

Simultaneous and independent regulation of circularly polarized terahertz wave based on metasurface.

A single metasurface-based device possessing multiple functionalities is highly desirable for terahertz technology system. In this paper, we design a reflective metasurface to generate switchable vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), focusing beams, focusing beams with arbitrary positions, and vortex beams with arbitrary topological charges in the terahertz region. By combining the spin decoupling principle and the phase addition theorem, the superposition states of OAM and focusing beams with arbitrary positions can be independent manipulated under right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized (LCP/RCP) waves illumination. Such a diversified functionalities device provides a promising application in the field of terahertz communication and terahertz super-resolution imaging.

Integrated strategy of RNA-sequencing and network pharmacology for exploring the protective mechanism of Shen-Shi-Jiang-Zhuo formula in rat with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

CONTEXT: Shen-Shi-Jiang-Zhuo formula (SSJZF) exhibits a definite curative effect in the clinical treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of SSJZF on NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, NAFLD, positive drug (12 mg/kg/day), SSJZF high-dose (200 mg/kg/day), SSJZF middle-dose (100 mg/kg/day), and SSJZF low-dose (50 mg/kg/day) groups. After daily intragastric administration of NAFLD rats for 8 weeks, lipid metabolism and hepatic fibrosis were evaluated by biochemical indices and histopathology. Then we uncovered the main active compounds and mechanism of SSJZF against NAFLD by integrating RNA-sequencing and network pharmacology, and PI3K/AKT pathway activity was verified by western blot. RESULTS: High dose SSJZF had the best inhibitory effect on hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrosis in rats with NAFLD, which significantly down-regulated total triglycerides (58%), cholesterol (62%), aspartate aminotransferase (57%), alanine aminotransferase (41%) andγ-glutamyl transpeptidase (36%), as well as the expression of ACC (5.3-fold), FAS (12.1-fold), SREBP1C (2.3-fold), and CD36 (4.4-fold), and significantly reduced collagen deposition (67%). Then we identified 23 compounds of SSJZF that acted on 25 key therapeutic targets of NAFLD by integrating RNA-sequencing and network pharmacology. Finally, we also confirmed that high dose SSJZF increased p-PI3K/PI3K (1.6-fold) and p-AKT/AKT (1.6-fold) in NAFLD rats. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We found for first time that SSJZF improved NAFLD in rats by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings provide scientific support for SSJZF in the clinical treatment of NAFLD and contribute to the development of new NAFLD drugs.

Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of P-Chiral Aminophosphinites.

Herein, a copper(I)-catalyzed reaction of diarylphosphines and O-benzoyl hydroxylamines is developed. In the cases of symmetrical diarylphosphines, a series of aminophosphinites is prepared in high yields. In the cases of unsymmetrical diarylphosphines, an array of P-chiral aminophosphinites is synthesized in high yields with high enantioselectivity by using a copper(I)-(R,RP )-Ph-FOXAP complex as a chiral catalyst. Based on several control experiments and 31 P NMR studies, a two-electron redox mechanism involving the dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation of unsymmetrical diarylphosphines is proposed for the copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric reaction. Finally, one representative P-chiral phosphoric amide generated through the oxidation with H2 O2 is transformed to a chiral diarylphosphinate in high yield with retained enantioselectivity, which allows further transformations towards various P-chiral tertiary phosphines.

Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylation of Unsymmetrical Secondary Phosphines.

A copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of HPAr1Ar2 with alkyl halides is uncovered, which provides an array of P-stereogenic phosphines in generally high yield and enantioselectivity. The electrophilic alkyl halides enjoy a broad substrate scope, including allyl bromides, propargyl bromide, benzyl bromides, and alkyl iodides. Moreover, 11 unsymmetrical diarylphosphines (HPAr1Ar2) serve as competent pronucleophiles. The present methodology is also successfully applied to catalytic asymmetric double and triple alkylation, and the corresponding products were obtained in moderate diastereo- and excellent enantioselectivities. Some 31P NMR experiments indicate that bulky HPPhMes exhibits weak competitively coordinating ability to the Cu(I)-bisphosphine complex, and thus the presence of stoichiometric HPAr1Ar2 does not affect the enantioselectivity significantly. Therefore, the high enantioselectivity in this reaction is attributed to the high performance of the unique Cu(I)-(R,RP)-TANIAPHOS complex in asymmetric induction. Finally, one monophosphine and two bisphosphines prepared by the present reaction are employed as efficient chiral ligands to afford three structurally diversified Cu(I) complexes, which demonstrates the synthetic utility of the present methodology.

Multi-beam and multi-mode orbital angular momentum by utilizing a single metasurface.

This paper proposes a novel metasurface that can simultaneously generate orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams with pre-designed different reflection directions, multi-beam and multi-mode under x-(y-) polarized terahertz wave incidence. The configuration of unit cell is made up of a hollow cross of Jesus structure as top layer, a PTFE substrate layer and a gold metal bottom plate. Theory of phase gradient distribution is derived and used to design multifunctional OAM metasurface. The proposed metasurface generates two OAM beams with OAM mode l = 1 and four OAM beams with l = -1 at frequency of 1 THz, respectively. Similarly, at frequency of 1.3 THz, the designed metasurface produces two OAM beams with l = -2 and an OAM beam with l = 2 for x-(y-) polarized wave incidence, respectively. Since each OAM mode can be used as an independent digital information coding channel, the designed multifunctional OAM metasurface has a wide application prospect in future terahertz communication.

Comparison of Pregnancy Outcomes Between Single-Morula Embryo Transfer and Single-Blastocyst Transfer in Fresh IVF/ICSI Cycles.

BACKGROUND This study investigated the effectiveness and feasibility of day 4 (D4) morula embryo transfer (ET) in comparison with day 5 (D5) blastocyst ET, with regards to their clinical data, laboratory test results, and pregnancy outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study enrolled 1070 patients, including 178 cases in group D4 and 892 cases in group D5. The endpoint was live birth rate after fresh embryo transfer. Furthermore, the clinical outcomes of D4 embryos with different morphology were compared and assigned to 3 groups: in group 1 (n=66) the embryos were compacted but not expanded, in group 2 (n=102) the embryos were compacted and expanded (early blastocyst), and in group 3 (n=10) the embryos were not compacted. RESULTS Groups D4 and D5 had comparable clinical pregnancy rates (53.37% vs. 59.97%) and live birth rates (43.25% vs 50.89%), and there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. In group 3, there was only 1 clinical pregnancy and no live birth. In comparison between group 1 and group 2, the clinical pregnancy rate of group 2 showed an upward trend (48.48% vs 60.78%), but there was no significant difference. There was also no statistically significant difference in the live birth rate between the 2 groups (42.42% vs 49.01%). CONCLUSIONS Transferring of compacted embryos or early blastocysts can result in high clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates. In addition to the cleavage and blastocyst ET, morula ET may serve as an alternative option for the clinician.

Detection of genes mutations in cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA from neoplastic meningitis patients using next generation sequencing.

BACKGROUND: This study profiled the somatic genes mutations and the copy number variations (CNVs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with neoplastic meningitis (NM). METHODS: A total of 62 CSF ctDNA samples were collected from 58 NM patients for the next generation sequencing. The data were bioinformatically analyzed by (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery) DAVID software. RESULTS: The most common mutated gene was TP53 (54/62; 87.10%), followed by EGFR (44/62; 70.97%), PTEN (39/62; 62.90%), CDKN2A (32/62; 51.61%), APC (27/62: 43.55%), TET2 (27/62; 43.55%), GNAQ (18/62; 29.03%), NOTCH1 (17/62; 27.42%), VHL (17/62; 27.42%), FLT3 (16/62; 25.81%), PTCH1 (15/62; 24.19%), BRCA2 (13/62; 20.97%), KDR (10/62; 16.13%), KIT (9/62; 14.52%), MLH1 (9/62; 14.52%), ATM (8/62; 12.90%), CBL (8/62; 12.90%), and DNMT3A (7/62; 11.29%). The mutated genes were enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway by the KEGG pathway analysis. Furthermore, the CNVs of these genes were also identified in these 62 samples. The mutated genes in CSF samples receiving intrathecal chemotherapy and systemic therapy were enriched in the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified genes mutations in all CSF ctDNA samples, indicating that these mutated genes may be acted as a kind of biomarker for diagnosis of NM, and these mutated genes may affect meningeal metastasis through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Rapid Synthesis of Chiral 1,2-Bisphosphine Derivatives through Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Hydrophosphination.

1,2-Bisphosphines have been identified as one class of important and powerful chiral ligands in asymmetric catalysis with transition metals. Herein, a copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric hydrophosphination of α,ß-unsaturated phosphine sulfides was developed with the assistance of "soft-soft" interaction between copper(I)-catalyst and the phosphine sulfide moiety, which afforded 1,2-bisphosphine derivatives with diversified electronic nature and steric hindrance in high to excellent yields with high to excellent enantioselectivity. Moreover, the challenging catalytic asymmetric hydrophosphination/protonation reaction was achieved with excellent enantioselectivity. Strikingly, the dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic diarylphosphines was also successfully carried out with high to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Interestingly, the nucleophilic copper(I)-diphenylphosphide species was characterized by 31 P NMR spectrum and mass spectrum. At last, three products were transformed to chiral 1,2-bisphosphines, which were employed as ligands in Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α-amino-α,ß-unsaturated ester. The α-amino acid derivative was produced in high enantioselectivity, which demonstrated the utility of the present methodology.

Evaluating the cerebrospinal fluid ctDNA detection by next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of meningeal Carcinomatosis.

BACKGROUND: Meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) is the most severe form of brain metastasis and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, the diagnosis of MC is routinely confirmed on the basis of clinical manifestation, positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, and/or neuroimaging features. However, negative rate of CSF cytology and neuroimaging findings often result in a failure to diagnose MC from the patients who actually have the disease. Here we evaluate the CSF circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the diagnosis of MC. METHODS: A total of 35 CSF samples were collected from 35 patients with MC for CSF cytology examination, CSF ctDNA extraction and cancer-associated gene mutations detection by next-generation sequencing (NGS) at the same time. RESULTS: The most frequent primary tumor in this study was lung cancer (26/35, 74%), followed by gastric cancer (2/35, 6%), breast cancer (2/35, 6%), prostatic cancer (1/35, 3%), parotid gland carcinoma (1/35, 3%) and lymphoma (1/35, 3%) while no primary tumor could be found in the remaining 2 patients in spite of using various inspection methods. Twenty-five CSF samples (25/35; 71%) were found neoplastic cells in CSF cytology examination while all of the 35 CSF samples (35/35; 100%) were revealed having detectable ctDNA in which cancer-associated gene mutations were detected. All of 35 patients with MC in the study underwent contrast-enhanced brain MRI and/or CT and 22 neuroimaging features (22/35; 63%) were consistent with MC. The sensitivity of the neuroimaging was 88% (95% confidence intervals [95% CI], 75 to 100) (p = 22/25) and 63% (95% CI, 47 to 79) (p = 22/35) compared to those of CSF cytology and CSF ctDNA, respectively. The sensitivity of the CSF cytology was 71% (95% CI, 56 to 86) (n = 25/35) compared to that of CSF ctDNA. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a higher sensitivity of CSF ctDNA than those of CSF cytology and neuroimaging findings. We find cancer-associated gene mutations in ctDNA from CSF of patients with MC at 100% of our cohort, and utilizing CSF ctDNA as liquid biopsy technology based on the detection of cancer-associated gene mutations may give additional information to diagnose MC with negative CSF cytology and/or negative neuroimaging findings.

The Impact of Cysteine-Rich Intestinal Protein 1 (CRIP1) on Thyroid Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: CRIP1 (cysteine-rich intestinal protein 1) has been found in several tumor types; however, its prognostic impact and role in cellular processes, particularly in thyroid carcinoma, are still unclear. METHODS: To elucidate the prognostic impact of CRIP1, we analyzed tissues from 58 primary invasive thyroid carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. Western blotting was performed to investigate CRIP1 protein expression in the thyrocyte cell line Nthy-ori 3-1 and four different thyroid carcinoma cell lines, K1, TPC-1, TT, and SW579. Endogenous expression of CRIP1 was suppressed using a siRNA (si-CRIP1). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to investigate cell viability. Flow cytometric analysis was used to detect cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis. The effects of silencing CRIP1 on cell migration and invasion were detected using the transwell assay. RESULTS: The immunohistochemistry results showed that CRIP1 was overexpressed in thyroid carcinoma. CRIP1 expression was associated with tumor size, TNM stage, and lymphatic metastasis, but not with age, gender, and tumor location. In addition, the expression of CRIP1 in K1, TPC-1, TT, and SW529 cells was higher than that in the Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. The highest expression was observed in the SW579 and TT cells. Furthermore, silencing CRIP1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid carcinoma cell lines SW579 and TT. We also found that silencing CRIP1 induced G1 arrest and apoptosis of thyroid carcinoma cell lines SW579 and TT. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, CRIP1 acts as an oncogene in the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion processes of thyroid carcinoma. CRIP1 may serve well as an independent prognostic marker with significant predictive power for use in thyroid carcinoma therapy.

Extracellular α-synuclein--a possible initiator of inflammation in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving the loss of dopamine-producing neurons of the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies which contain high levels of α-synuclein. Although the causative factors of PD remain unclear, the progression of PD is accompanied by a highly localized inflammatory response mediated by reactive microglia. Recently, attention has focused on the relationship between α-synuclein and microglial activation. This review examines the role of α-synuclein on microglia in PD pathogenesis and progression, we also discuss the way of α-synuclein induced microglial activation.

Impact of removing iodised salt on children's goitre status in areas with excessive iodine in drinking-water.

The impact of removing iodised salt on children's goitre status in a high-iodine area (HIA) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the changes in the prevalence of goitre in children after removing iodised salt from their diet. For this purpose, three towns with the median water iodine content of 150-300 µg/l were selected randomly in Hengshui City, Hebei Province, China. A total of 452 and 459 children were randomly selected from the three towns in order to measure thyroid volume by ultrasound before and after removing iodised salt, respectively. Their goitre status was judged using the criteria of age-specific thyroid volume recommended by the WHO. After removing iodised salt, the overall median urinary iodine content (MUIC) of children decreased from 518 (interquartile range (IQR) 347-735) to 416 (IQR 274-609) µg/l. The MUIC of children across sex and age group decreased significantly except for the age group of 9 years. The overall prevalence of goitre in the three towns significantly decreased from 24·56% (n 111/452) to 5·88% (n 27/459) (P< 0·001). Goitre prevalence in children aged 8-10 years decreased from 33·70% (n 31/92), 23·32% (n 45/193) and 20·96% (n 35/167) to 6·10% (n 10/164), 5·52% (n 9/163) and 6·06% (n 8/132), respectively. Goitre prevalence in boys and girls decreased from 27·05% (n 66/244) and 21·63% (n 45/208) to 6·66% (n 15/226) and 5·15% (n 12/233), respectively. The decreases in the prevalence of goitre in children across sex and age group were all statistically significant. The present study revealed that goitre prevalence in children decreased significantly after removing iodised salt from their diet for about 1·5 years in the HIA in Hebei Province.

[Correlation factors of lymph node metastasis in patients with clinical stage T1a non-small cell lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features in patients with clinical stage T1a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Clinicopathological data of a total of 418 patients who underwent lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features. RESULTS: Lymph node metastasis was observed in 25 patients. There were 122 patients who were diagnosed as ground glass opacity with no lymph node metastasis. 399 patients had subcarinal dissection, among them 7 patients were found to have lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis showed that gender, smoking history, diameter of lymph node, ground glass opacity (GGO), differentiation of the tumor and tumor site were the factors affecting lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that diameter of lymph node, differentiation of the tumor and the site of lesion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor in the left lung, poor differentiation, and diameter of lymph nodes ≥ 1 cm on the preoperative CT image are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of NSCLC, hence we should pay attention before surgery and systematic lymph node dissection should be done. For patients with poor differentiation and lymph nodes ≥ 1 cm, subcarinal lymph nodes dissection is recommended for the sake of higher possibility of lymph node metastasis. For patients with ground glass opacity ≤ 2 cm, the lymph node metastasis is extremely rare, therefore, selective lymph node dissection is reconmmended.

Aerobic degradation of trichloroethylene by co-metabolism using phenol and gasoline as growth substrates.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common groundwater contaminant of toxic and carcinogenic concern. Aerobic co-metabolic processes are the predominant pathways for TCE complete degradation. In this study, Pseudomonas fluorescens was studied as the active microorganism to degrade TCE under aerobic condition by co-metabolic degradation using phenol and gasoline as growth substrates. Operating conditions influencing TCE degradation efficiency were optimized. TCE co-metabolic degradation rate reached the maximum of 80% under the optimized conditions of degradation time of 3 days, initial OD600 of microorganism culture of 0.14 (1.26×107 cell/mL), initial phenol concentration of 100 mg/L, initial TCE concentration of 0.1 mg/L, pH of 6.0, and salinity of 0.1%. The modified transformation capacity and transformation yield were 20 µg (TCE)/mg (biomass) and 5.1 µg (TCE)/mg (phenol), respectively. Addition of nutrient broth promoted TCE degradation with phenol as growth substrate. It was revealed that catechol 1,2-dioxygenase played an important role in TCE co-metabolism. The dechlorination of TCE was complete, and less chlorinated products were not detected at the end of the experiment. TCE could also be co-metabolized in the presence of gasoline; however, the degradation rate was not high (28%). When phenol was introduced into the system of TCE and gasoline, TCE and gasoline could be removed at substantial rates (up to 59% and 69%, respectively). This study provides a promising approach for the removal of combined pollution of TCE and gasoline.

[Comparison of the efficiency between in-vitro maturation and in-vitro fertilization after early follicular phase GnRH agonist down-regulation in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of in-vitro maturation (IVM) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) after early follicular phase gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) down-regulation in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: From July 2010 to December 2012, 72 infertile patients with PCOS undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatment in the Affiliated First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 2 groups, which were patients with early follicular phase down-regulation IVM (36 cases) at IVM group and early follicular phase down-regulation long protocol IVF (36 cases) at IVF group. The laboratory parameters and clinical outcomes were compared between two groups. RESULTS: (1) Lab parameters: a total of 442 oocytes were retrieved in group IVM, and 560 were in group IVF. The rate of mature oocytes of 83.8% (469/560) and high-quality embryos of 70.9% (212/299) at group IVF were significantly higher than that of group IVM[54.1% (239/442) and 50.7% (73/144), retrospectively, P < 0.01]. In group IVM, the average duration of gonadotropin (Gn) was (2.8 ± 1.5) days and the average dosage of Gn was (285 ± 169) U, which were significantly lower than (11.0 ± 1.0) days and (1499 ± 165) U in group IVF (P < 0.01). The mean number of oocytes retrieved 12.8 ± 2.5, fertilization rate of 64.8% (155/239), and implantation rate of 31% (23/74) in group IVM and 15.6 ± 3.1, 65.5% (307/469), 31% (23/74) in group IVF, which did not reach statistical difference (P > 0.05) . (2) Clinical outcomes: the clinical pregnancy rate (17/31, 55%) of IVF group was not significantly higher than that 44% (14/32) at IVM group (P > 0.05). The abortion rate was 1/17 at Group IVF and 1/14 in group IVM, which did not show statistical difference. Women at IVM group has no ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (OHSS) cycle, group IVF has 31% (11/36) cycles presented moderate and severe OHSS. CONCLUSIONS: Infertile patients with PCOS undergoing IVM and IVF treatment after early follicular phase GnRH-a down-regulation can get satisfactory laboratory and clinical outcome. In addition to short treatment cycle, IVM can also avoid the occurrence of OHSS completely, but it has a rising trend in the abortion rate. IVF has a high incidence of OHSS, meanwhile, it increases the dosage of gonadotropins.