RESUMO
All metazoans depend on the consumption of O2 by the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) to produce energy. In addition, the OXPHOS uses O2 to produce reactive oxygen species that can drive cell adaptations1-4, a phenomenon that occurs in hypoxia4-8 and whose precise mechanism remains unknown. Ca2+ is the best known ion that acts as a second messenger9, yet the role ascribed to Na+ is to serve as a mere mediator of membrane potential10. Here we show that Na+ acts as a second messenger that regulates OXPHOS function and the production of reactive oxygen species by modulating the fluidity of the inner mitochondrial membrane. A conformational shift in mitochondrial complex I during acute hypoxia11 drives acidification of the matrix and the release of free Ca2+ from calcium phosphate (CaP) precipitates. The concomitant activation of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger promotes the import of Na+ into the matrix. Na+ interacts with phospholipids, reducing inner mitochondrial membrane fluidity and the mobility of free ubiquinone between complex II and complex III, but not inside supercomplexes. As a consequence, superoxide is produced at complex III. The inhibition of Na+ import through the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger is sufficient to block this pathway, preventing adaptation to hypoxia. These results reveal that Na+ controls OXPHOS function and redox signalling through an unexpected interaction with phospholipids, with profound consequences for cellular metabolism.
Assuntos
Transporte de Elétrons , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Sistemas do Segundo Mensageiro , Sódio/metabolismo , Animais , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Fosfatos de Cálcio/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Precipitação Química , Humanos , Masculino , Fluidez de Membrana , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Membranas Mitocondriais/química , Membranas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Fosforilação Oxidativa , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Trocador de Sódio e Cálcio/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to describe the implantation of ultrasound screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) in our healthcare district in men from 65 to 79 years of age who have had an identifiable risk factor for developing AAA, such as smoking or a history thereof, hypertension, family history of aneurysms, aneurysms in other locations and clinical atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, intermittent claudication, or stroke. Analyse the performance of said screening. SETTING: Primary Care. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: 656 patients were screened, representing 40% of the target population of 1,658 patients. The remaining part of the target population could not be screened because of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. 608 ultrasound examinations were performed. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: coverage of the screening programme, prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms, prevalence of smoking and other risk factors in patients with/without aneurysms. RESULTS: 19 patients with ectatic aorta (25-29mm) and 11 with abdominal aortic aneurysms (1.81%) were found. 5 were active smokers (45%, compared to 20% in the entire sample) and 6 were former smokers. None of the aneurysm patients were non-smokers. 7 of them were hypertensive. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of aneurysms in our sample was 2.6%, which was lower than expected. The wide use of ultrasound and its progressive generalisation in the Primary Care setting should lead to a decrease in the number of undiagnosed AAA.
Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal , COVID-19 , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/epidemiologia , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pandemias , Prevalência , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2 , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
It is without any doubt that precision medicine therapeutic strategies targeting neurodegenerative disorders are currently witnessing the spectacular rise of newly designed approaches based on the use of viral vectors as Trojan horses for the controlled release of a given genetic payload. Among the different types of viral vectors, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) rank as the ones most commonly used for the purposes of either disease modeling or for therapeutic strategies. Here, we reviewed the current literature dealing with the use of AAVs within the field of Parkinson's disease with the aim to provide neuroscientists with the advice and background required when facing a choice on which AAV might be best suited for addressing a given experimental challenge. Accordingly, here we will be summarizing some insights on different AAV serotypes, and which would be the most appropriate AAV delivery route. Next, the use of AAVs for modeling synucleinopathies is highlighted, providing potential readers with a landscape view of ongoing pre-clinical and clinical initiatives pushing forward AAV-based therapeutic approaches for Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica , Dependovirus/genética , Vetores Genéticos/uso terapêutico , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Técnicas de Transferência de Genes , HumanosRESUMO
Facial emotion recognition is considered the foundation of effective social functioning, but it has been found impaired in several clinical populations. How- ever, there are few validated tests to measure the ability. To the best of our knowledge, there is no validated measure in a Spanish population. We translated and validated Baron Cohen’s Face Test in a general Spanish population.
Assuntos
Traduções , Humanos , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The EQ-5D-5 L is a quality-of-life questionnaire based on individuals' preferences that is widely employed for cost-effectiveness analysis. Given the current demand for mapping algorithms to directly assign "utilities", this study aimed to generate different mapping models for predicting EQ-5D-5 L utility values based on scores of the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) questionnaires provided by patients suffering from hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA), respectively, and to assess the predictive capability of these functions. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational study. Following the criteria of the American Rheumatism Association, 361 patients with hip OA and 397 with knee OA from three regions in Spain were included. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed through the EQ-5D-5 L general questionnaire and the OHS and OKS specifically for lower limb OA. Based on the scores on the OHS and OKS questionnaires, EQ-5D-5 L utilities were estimated using 4 models: ordinary least squares (OLS), Tobit, generalized linear model (GLM), and beta regression (Breg). The models were validated on the same patients after 6 months: the mean absolute error (MAE) and mean squared error (MSE) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI), mean values of standard errors (SE), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots were obtained. RESULTS: The lowest MAEs were obtained using GLM and Breg models, with values of 0.1103 (0.0993-0.1214) and 0.1229 (0.1102-0.1335) for hip OA, and values of 0.1127 (0.1014-0.1239) and 0.1141 (0.1031-0.1251) for knee OA. MSE values were also lower using GLM and Breg. ICCs between predicted and observed values were around or over the 0.8 cut-off point. Bland-Altman plots showed an acceptable correlation, but precision was lower for subjects with worse HRQoL, which was also evident when comparing MAEs of the bottom and top halves of the utilities scale. Predictive equations for utilities based on OHS/OKS scores were proposed. CONCLUSIONS: The OHS and OKS scores allow for estimating EQ-5D-5 L utility indexes for patients with hip and knee OA, respectively, with adequate validity and precision. GLM and Breg produce the best predictions. The predictive power of proposed equations is more consistent for subjects in better health condition.
Assuntos
Osteoartrite do Quadril/psicologia , Osteoartrite do Joelho/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Estatísticos , Estudos Prospectivos , EspanhaRESUMO
We assessed the utility of raloxifene (60 mg/day) as an adjuvant treatment for cognitive symptoms in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia in a 24-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Patients were recruited from the inpatient and outpatient services of Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, and Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí. Seventy eight postmenopausal women with schizophrenia were randomized to either adjunctive raloxifene or placebo. Sixty-eight began the clinical trial (37 women on raloxifene adjunct) and 31 on placebo adjunct. The outcome measures were: memory, attention and executive function. Assessment was conducted at baseline and at week 24. Between groups homogeneity was tested with the Student's t test for continuous variables and/or the Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal variables and the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. The differences between the two groups in neuropsychological test scores were compared using the Student's t test. The sample was homogenous with respect to age, formal education, illness duration and previous pharmacological treatment. The addition of raloxifene to antipsychotic treatment as usual showed no differences in cognitive function. The daily use of 60 mg raloxifene as an adjuvant treatment in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia has no appreciable effect.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01573637.
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/farmacologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Pós-Menopausa/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloridrato de Raloxifeno/farmacologia , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Moduladores Seletivos de Receptor Estrogênico/farmacologia , Idoso , Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Atenção/efeitos dos fármacos , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Função Executiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Transtornos da Memória/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cloridrato de Raloxifeno/administração & dosagem , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Moduladores Seletivos de Receptor Estrogênico/administração & dosagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Accumulating evidence suggests that Specificity Protein 1 (SP1) and 4 (SP4) transcription factors are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The therapeutic use of selective oestrogen modulators such as raloxifene added to antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of postmenopausal women with schizophrenia has been investigated in a few clinical trials, which reported an improvement in negative, positive, and general psychopathological symptoms. We aimed to investigate the possible association between peripheral SP protein levels and symptom improvement in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia treated with adjuvant raloxifene. In a subgroup of 14 postmenopausal women with schizophrenia from a 24-week, randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (NCT015736370), we investigated changes in SP1 and SP4 protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Participants were randomized to either 60 mg/day adjunctive raloxifene or placebo. Psychopathological symptoms were assessed at baseline and at week 24 with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The expression of SP proteins was evaluated by immunoblot, and changes in PANSS scores and protein levels were compared at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment. An improvement in symptoms was observed in the intervention group, but not in placebo group. Post-treatment protein levels of SP4, but not SP1, correlated with improvements in general and total PANSS subscales in the raloxifene intervention group. A reduction in SP4 levels was found after raloxifene treatment. These results suggest that SP4 may be involved in raloxifene symptom improvement in postmenopausal women and could be a potential candidate for future studies investigating blood-based biomarkers for raloxifene effectiveness.
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas de Estrogênios/uso terapêutico , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Pós-Menopausa/sangue , Cloridrato de Raloxifeno/uso terapêutico , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Fator de Transcrição Sp1/sangue , Fator de Transcrição Sp4/sangue , Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Método Duplo-Cego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Antagonistas de Estrogênios/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Cloridrato de Raloxifeno/administração & dosagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The recently published guidelines of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery encourage physicians to use outpatient antimicrobial therapy to treat exacerbations in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB). The published literature on this topic, however, is scarce. METHODS: We report a prospective observational cohort study of patients with NCFB who received treatment at home for at least one exacerbation episode between September 2012 and September 2017 as part of an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) program. Patients were included in the analysis if they fulfilled all of the following criteria: established diagnosis of bronchiectasis according to current guidelines criteria, clinical exacerbation, requiring intravenous antibiotics because of failure to respond to oral antibiotics, or isolation of a microorganism resistant to oral options. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the treatment of patients with NCFB exacerbations in an OPAT program under "real-world" conditions. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients were treated in the OPAT program due to bacterial exacerbations of NCFB. Forty-five (67.2%) patients were admitted to hospital for a median of 7 days before starting OPAT. Sixty-three (94%) patients achieved resolution of the exacerbation at the end of therapy. Four patients needed hospital readmission, and one died. The OPAT program saved 11,586 days of hospital admission, equivalent to EUR 7,866,904. CONCLUSIONS: OPAT appears to be a safe, effective, and efficient strategy for treating patients with exacerbations of NCFB.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Bronquiectasia/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia por Infusões no Domicílio , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Fermentation microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast from 12 samples of tunta production chain were quantified, from the native potatoes used by the process fermentation of potatoes in the river up to the final product. During fermentation, the LAB population steadily increased from 3 to 4 to 8 log CFU/g during the first 8 days in the river and the yeast population increased from 2 to 3 to 3-4 log CFU/g. Overall, 115 LAB strains were isolated using a culture-dependent method. Molecular techniques and 16S rRNA gene sequencing enabled the identification of native species. In LAB isolates, members of the Lactobacillaceae (64%), Leuconostocaceae (9%) and Enterococcaceae (2%) families were identified. The most prevalent LAB species in the tunta production chain was Lactobacillus curvatus, followed by Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus brevis and Enterococcus mundtii were also present. Only 13 LAB strains showed anti-listerial activity, and one of them, identified as En. mundtii DSM 4838T [MG031213], produced antimicrobial compounds that were determined to be proteins after treatment with proteolytic enzymes. Based on these results, we suggest that traditional fermented product-derived LAB strains from specific environments could be selected and used for technological application to control pathogenic bacteria and naturally protect food from post-harvest deleterious microbiota.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/metabolismo , Alimentos Fermentados/microbiologia , Variação Genética , Lactobacillales/genética , Lactobacillales/metabolismo , Solanum tuberosum/microbiologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Biodiversidade , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Fermentação , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Lactobacillales/classificação , Lactobacillales/isolamento & purificação , Listeria/efeitos dos fármacos , Consórcios Microbianos/genética , Consórcios Microbianos/fisiologia , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Leveduras/genética , Leveduras/isolamento & purificação , Leveduras/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The high potency antipsychotic drug trifluoperazine (10-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-propyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)-(10)H-phenothiazine dihydrochloride; TFP) may either counteract or promote suicidal cell death or apoptosis. Similar to apoptosis, erythrocytes may enter eryptosis, characterized by phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface and cell shrinkage. Eryptosis can be stimulated by an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and inhibited by nitric oxide (NO). We explored whether TFP treatment of erythrocytes induces phosphatidylserine exposure, cell shrinkage, and calcium influx, whether it impairs S-nitrosylation and whether these effects are inhibited by NO. METHODS: Phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, and protein nitrosylation from fluorescence switch of the Bodipy-TMR/Sypro Ruby signal. RESULTS: Exposure of human erythrocytes to TFP significantly enhanced the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, raised [Ca2+]i, and decreased S-nitrosylation. The effect of TFP on annexin-V-binding was not affected by removal of extracellular Ca2+ alone, but was significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an effect significantly augmented by additional removal of extracellular Ca2+. A 3 hours treatment with 0.1 µM Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin triggered annexin-V-binding and cell shrinkage, effects fully reversed by removal of extracellular Ca2+. CONCLUSIONS: TFP induces eryptosis and decreases protein S-nitrosylation, effects blunted by nitroprusside. The effect of nitroprusside is attenuated in the presence of extracellular Ca2+.
Assuntos
Eriptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/farmacologia , Nitroprussiato/farmacologia , Trifluoperazina/toxicidade , Potenciais de Ação/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/metabolismo , Tamanho Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Eritrocítica/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/citologia , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/fisiologia , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Ionomicina/toxicidade , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Fosfatidilserinas/toxicidade , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of our investigation is to study the relationship between the rs4939827 SNP in the SMAD7 gene, Mediterranean diet pattern and the risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS: We examined 1087 cases of colorectal cancer and 2409 population controls with available DNA samples from the MCC-Spain study, 2008-2012. Descriptive statistical analyses, and multivariate logistic mixed models were performed. The potential synergistic effect of rs4939827 and the Mediterranean diet pattern was evaluated with logistic regression in different strata of of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the genotype. RESULTS: High adherence to Mediterrenean diet was statistically significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk. A decreased risk for CRC cancer was observed for the CC compared to the TT genotype (OR = 0.65 and 95% CI = 0.51-0.81) of the rs4939827 SNP Also, we could show an association between the Mediterranean diet pattern (protective factor) and rs4939827. Although the decreased risk for the CC genotype was slightly more pronounced in subjects with high adherence to Mediterrenean diet, there was no statistically significant synergistic effect between genotype CC and adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern factors. CONCLUSION: The SMAD7 gene and specifically the allele C could be protective for colorectal cancer. An independent protective association was also observed between high adherence Mediterranean diet pattern and CRC risk. Findings form this study indicate that high adherence to Mediterranean diet pattern has a protective role for CRC cancer probably involving the Tumor Growth Factor- ß pathway in this cancer.
Assuntos
Carcinogênese/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/prevenção & controle , Dieta Mediterrânea , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteína Smad7/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Dieta Mediterrânea/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite the theoretical potential of m-health solutions in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, there remains a lack of technological solutions in daily practice. The aim of this study was to measure the receptivity of patients, informal carers, and clinicians to an integral intervention model focused on patients with persistent positive symptoms: Mobile Therapeutic Attention for Patients with Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia (m-RESIST). METHODS: A qualitative study of the needs and acceptability of outpatients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia was carried out in Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu (Barcelona). We analyzed the opinions of patients, informal carers, and clinicians concerning the services initially thought to be part of the solution. Five focus groups and eight interviews were carried out, using discourse analysis as the analytical approach. RESULTS: A webpage and a virtual forum were perceived as suitable to get reliable information on both the disease and support. Data transmission service, online visits, and instant messages were evaluated as ways to improve contact with clinicians. Alerts were appreciated as reminders of daily tasks and medical appointments. Avoiding stressful situations for outpatients, promoting an active role in the management of the disease, and maintaining human contact with clinicians were the main suggestions for improving the effectiveness of the solution. CONCLUSIONS: Positive acceptance of m-RESIST services is related to its usefulness in meeting user needs, its capacity to empower them, and the possibility of maintaining human contact.
Assuntos
Avaliação das Necessidades , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Telemedicina , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Preferência do Paciente , Espanha , Saúde da População Urbana , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Substance use in psychosis is an important field of study given that it can be a risk factor for the development of psychosis and can give rise to psychotic symptoms. Studies of substance use in first episode psychosis patients do not frequently assess non-pathological substance consumption among patients, but rather the prevalence of substance abuse or dependence disorders. Moreover, most of these studies do not address the effects of sex in sufficient depth, and the consumption of caffeine or tobacco, which are two of the most frequently used substances, is often not assessed. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare patterns and quantities of substance use between first episode psychosis patients and healthy controls and between men and women, and explore the potential interactive effects between group (patients or controls) and sex. METHODS: A total of 158 participants (82 first episode psychosis patients and 76 healthy controls) were included in the study. Both adults and adolescents were included in the study. Frequency and amount of use of caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, stimulants, and opiates were gathered. RESULTS: A significant main effect of sex was found for the frequency of use of tobacco (p=.050). Main effects of group were found for the quantity of tobacco (p<.001) and cannabis (p<.001) consumed, as well as main effects of sex for the quantity of alcohol (p=.003) and cannabis (p=.017) consumed. There were also interaction effects between group and sex for the frequency of use of tobacco (p=.005) and cannabis (p=.009), and for the amount of cannabis consumed (p=.049). Qualitative differences between males and females regarding combined substance use are also reported. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients, men used tobacco more frequently than women, but this sex difference was not the same for the control group, in which women smoked more often than men. Regarding cannabis, men smoked cannabis more frequently and in larger amounts than women, but only in the patients group, whereas no sex differences for cannabis were found for the controls. Main effects of group and sex for tobacco and alcohol, as well as the lack of differences for the frequency and amount of use of caffeine, are also commented. This is the first study to assess the different effects of sex on substance use in first episode psychosis patients and healthy controls.
Assuntos
Psicoses Induzidas por Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Cafeína , Cannabis , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Drogas Ilícitas , Masculino , Abuso de Maconha/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Psicoses Induzidas por Substâncias/diagnóstico , Psicoses Induzidas por Substâncias/psicologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Recidiva , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fumar/psicologia , Espanha , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Our aim was to examine predictive variables associated with the improvement in cognitive, clinical, and functional outcomes after outpatient participation in REPYFLEC strategy-based Cognitive Remediation (CR) group training. In addition, we investigated which factors might be associated with some long-lasting effects at 6 months' follow-up. Predictors of improvement after CR were studied in a sample of 29 outpatients with schizophrenia. Partial correlations were computed between targeted variables and outcomes of response to explore significant associations. Subsequently, we built linear regression models for each outcome variable and predictors of improvement. The improvement in negative symptoms at posttreatment was linked to faster performance in the Trail Making Test B. Disorganization and cognitive symptoms were related to changes in executive function at follow-up. Lower levels of positive symptoms were related to durable improvements in life skills. Levels of symptoms and cognition were associated with improvements following CR, but the pattern of resulting associations was nonspecific.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva/reabilitação , Remediação Cognitiva/métodos , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Esquizofrenia/reabilitação , Adulto , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esquizofrenia/complicaçõesRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Agitation is a common problem in psychiatric care with serious clinical and economic consequences. METHODOLOGY: The aim of the study was to define and characterize the agitation states present in usual medical practice in the acute and emergency units of a psychiatric hospital. Two nominal groups, one with 7 nurses and the other with 10 psychiatrists from the Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, were established. RESULTS: The nurses described two main states forming the endpoints of a spectrum: from mild (pre-agitation) to severe (agitation). A third state was outlined in which agitation was characterized by disorganized behavior problems. Various care packages were described for each agitation state. The care packages were divided into first, second and third line approaches. The first line approaches (i.e., verbal containment) were used on every (pre)agitated patient. If the first line approach was not effective, the second and third line approaches were implemented, culminating with physical restraint. The psychiatrists described 3 states: a mild initial state (anxiety and irritability), moderate (pre-agitation without aggressiveness) and a severe state of agitation with aggressiveness and/or violence. CONCLUSIONS: In order to avoid progression to a severely agitated state, both groups agreed on the importance of appropriate verbal containment for all states. This would be followed by environmental measures, medication and mechanical restrain depending on the severity of the state.
Assuntos
Agitação Psicomotora/diagnóstico , Agitação Psicomotora/terapia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
We report on a 61-year-old postmenopausal female with schizophrenia included in a raloxifene vs. placebo clinical trial and monitored during a 12-month period including a 3-month withdrawal period (6-9 months) without treatment. The patient was treated with raloxifene 60 mg/day adjuvant to antipsychotic medication for 6 months, medication was then withdrawn for 3 months and was reintroduced due to a worsening of symptoms. We assessed the patient with PANSS and other neuropsychological tests. The patient improved in psychopathology and cognitive level in some aspects related to executive functions. During 3 months without the drug, the patient's condition deteriorated. When the drug was reintroduced, improvements were again observed. Raloxifene may be useful as an adjuvant treatment for psychopathological symptoms and some cognitive aspects in women with chronic schizophrenia.
Assuntos
Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Pós-Menopausa/psicologia , Cloridrato de Raloxifeno/uso terapêutico , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Moduladores Seletivos de Receptor Estrogênico/uso terapêutico , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Nitroxidative stress in cells occurs mainly through the action of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS) on protein thiol groups. Reactive nitrogen and oxygen species-mediated protein modifications are associated with pathophysiological states, but can also convey physiological signals. Identification of Cys residues that are modified by oxidative stimuli still poses technical challenges and these changes have never been statistically analyzed from a proteome-wide perspective. Here we show that GELSILOX, a method that combines a robust proteomics protocol with a new computational approach that analyzes variance at the peptide level, allows a simultaneous analysis of dynamic alterations in the redox state of Cys sites and of protein abundance. GELSILOX permits the characterization of the major endothelial redox targets of hydrogen peroxide in endothelial cells and reveals that hypoxia induces a significant increase in the status of oxidized thiols. GELSILOX also detected thiols that are redox-modified by ischemia-reperfusion in heart mitochondria and demonstrated that these alterations are abolished in ischemia-preconditioned animals.
Assuntos
Estresse Oxidativo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteoma/análise , Espécies Reativas de Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Compostos de Sulfidrila/química , Compostos de Sulfidrila/metabolismo , Animais , Hipóxia Celular , Células Cultivadas , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Humanos , Marcação por Isótopo , Masculino , Mitocôndrias Cardíacas/metabolismo , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/patologia , Oxirredução , Proteômica , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espécies Reativas de Nitrogênio/análise , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/análise , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismoRESUMO
Lymphedema presents significant challenges to patients' quality of life, prompting the exploration of innovative treatments, such as collagen scaffolds, aimed at treating and reducing the risk of lymphedema. We aimed to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic efficacy and the lymphangiogenic potential of implanted aligned nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds (BioBridgeTM) following the induction of secondary lymphedema in a rabbit model. Thirty rabbits were divided into treatment (G1), prevention (G2), and control (G3) groups. Secondary lymphedema was induced in all groups. BioBridgeTM implantation was performed in G2 and G1 on days 0 and 60, respectively. Follow-ups included hindlimb circumference measurements and indocyanine green lymphography at 0, 60, and 90 days. None of the study rabbits exhibited dermal backflow on day 0 before surgery. At 60 days, the incidence rates of dermal backflow in G1, G2, and G3 were 100%, 44.4%, and 90%, respectively. Furthermore, at 90 days, the incidence rates were 22.2%, 44.4%, and 90%, respectively. New linear lymphatic observation was seen in rabbits with resolved dermal backflow. The findings of this study demonstrated the capacity of BioBridgeTM scaffolds to induce new lymphatic vessel formation and reduce dermal backflow in secondary lymphedema in a rabbit model.
RESUMO
During a study of the 'tunta' (frozen-dry potato) production process in Peru, a bacterial strain, LMT03(T), was isolated from the straw grass in which the potatoes are dried. This strain was classified into the genus Pseudomonas on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and is most closely related to Pseudomonas argentinensis CH01(T) with 99.3â% identity in this gene and 96â%, 92â% and 86â% identities in rpoB, rpoD and gyrB genes, respectively. Strain LMT03(T) has a single polar flagellum, like other related yellow-pigment-producing pseudomonads. The major quinone is Q-9. The major fatty acids are C18â:â1ω7c in summed feature 8 (40.82â%), C16â:â1ω6c/C16â:â1ω6c in summed feature 3 (23.72â%) and C16â:â0 (15.20â%). The strain produces oxidase but it does not produce gelatinase, indole, urease, arginine dihydrolase or ß-galactosidase. Catalase production was very weak after 28 and 48 h incubation on nutrient agar medium. Nitrate reduction is negative. It does not hydrolyse aesculin. The DNA G+C content is 57.8 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization results showed lower than 52â% relatedness with respect to the type strain of P. argentinensis, CH01(T). These results, together with other phenotypic characteristics, support the definition of a novel species within the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas punonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMT03(T) (â=âLMG 26839(T)â=âCECT 8089(T)).
Assuntos
Filogenia , Poaceae/microbiologia , Pseudomonas/classificação , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Peru , Pseudomonas/genética , Pseudomonas/isolamento & purificação , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Microbiologia do Solo , Solanum tuberosumRESUMO
In 2013, Spain aligned its capacity modification processes (CM) legislation with the UN Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, specifically for individuals with severe mental disorders (SMD). The reforms replaced incapacity verdicts with support provision and introduced the term "CM". However, the social impact of these changes remains uncertain. The RECAPACITA project was initiated to generate knowledge on SMD and CM, and this study aims to investigate modifications in CM sentences and associated terminology. Using a qualitative-quantitative methodology, content analysis was conducted on 56 sentences from individuals with SMD. Terminology analysis utilized 19 sentences to achieve information saturation. A comparison was made between sentences prior to 2013 and those spanning 2014 to 2023, analyzing the data through ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (significance level: 0.05). The analysis revealed that psychiatric illness, its evolution, lack of self-governance, and economic management were frequently mentioned aspects in the sentences. However, no significant correlations were found. Qualitatively, mentions of self-governance were more prevalent in sentences before 2013. Conversely, after 2013, there was an increased focus on substances use, lack of insight and medical adherence, and the need for support in daily life. The term "incapable person" appeared in 100% of the sentences, indicating no differences in terminology. The study suggests that current CM sentences provide increasingly individualized information, addressing the specific support needs of individuals. To enhance future legal proceedings, incorporating neuroscience in studying SMD individuals and reconsidering terminology based on Convention guidelines is recommended.