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OBJECTIVES: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial has demonstrated the benefit of adding azithromycin to routine preoperative antibiotics in unscheduled cesarean deliveries (CDs) to prevent surgical site infections. We sought to describe and identify barriers to the implementation of azithromycin prophylaxis for CDs by Alabama healthcare providers. METHODS: We conducted an online, self-administered survey of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) providers in Alabama. E-mail addresses were obtained from a publicly available list. We sent an invitation to complete an anonymous online survey to 478 providers after excluding incompatible addresses and providers who previously opted out of the survey platform. After the initial survey, three reminders to complete the survey were sent. Standard questions regarding population and provider demographics were asked. We assessed timing, duration, and type of antibiotic used for scheduled cesareans and unscheduled (labor) cesareans, and the reasons for not using azithromycin for prophylaxis. Results were compared using the Student t test and χ2 test as appropriate. RESULTS: Of the 66 OB/GYN providers who responded to the survey, 44 (66.7%) performed CDs. Most providers (59.1%) identified as female, served a mix of urban and rural communities (54.5%), and performed deliveries at a level IV hospital (54.5%) with >2000 deliveries annually (52.3%). Most providers (77.3%) reported that an antibiotic stewardship committee supervised antibiotic use at their hospital. For unscheduled cesareans, 54.5% reported the use of azithromycin and 47.7% for scheduled cesareans. The most common reason for not currently using azithromycin was being unaware of evidence for its use (55.6%). The only factors associated with azithromycin use were the urban/rural mix of the provider's patient population (P = 0.03) and the hospital level (P < 0.01). More providers serving a primarily urban population reported azithromycin use (87.5%) compared with those serving in a rural (33.3%) or mixed (47.6%) population. In addition, 74.2% of the obstetricians who delivered in a level 3 or 4 hospital reported using azithromycin prophylaxis, whereas only 22.2% of level 1 or 2 hospital providers reported this usage. CONCLUSIONS: Only 56.8% of Alabama obstetrics providers reported using azithromycin for CD, which is both effective and cost saving for prevention of surgical site infections. More needs to be done to increase awareness of these benefits.
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Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antibioticoprofilaxia/estatística & dados numéricos , Azitromicina/uso terapêutico , Cesárea/métodos , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Alabama , Gestão de Antimicrobianos , Competência Clínica , Feminino , Ginecologia , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Obstetrícia , Gravidez , População Rural , Inquéritos e Questionários , População UrbanaRESUMO
Vitamin D has immunomodulating properties. The nuclear receptor for vitamin D is expressed in several immune cells, which convert 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) to the active form 1,25 hydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2 D]. Under conditions of infection, 1,25(OH)2 D promotes production of cathelicidin (an antimicrobial peptide) in monocytes and activated macrophages. In vitro studies have shown the ability of cathelicidin to inhibit replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in T CD4 lymphocytes and macrophages. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate vitamin D levels and their impact on mineral metabolism in HIV infected patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-four clinical records of HIV/AIDS patients seen at the outpatients clinic were reviewed. The following data were collected: age, sex, time since diagnosis of HIV, HIV-1 viral load, CD4 counts (absolute value and percentage), and mineral metabolism determinations: 25OHD, intact parathormone (iPTH); serum calcium (sCa); serum phosphorus (sP) and serum crosslaps (sCTX). Vitamin D levels were stratified as follows: optimal: ≥30ng/ml; insufficient: 21-29ng/ml; moderately deficient: 20≥ -25OHD- >10 ng/ml and severely deficient ≤10 ng/ml. RESULTS: Fifty-five clinical records were included; 82% of patients had 25OHD levels below 30ng/ml (insufficient: 23.6%, moderately deficient: 36.4%; and severely deficient: 21.8%). A significantly higher serum PTH levels in the moderately and severely deficient groups than in the optimal and insufficient groups was observed (p<0.05 and p<0.03 respectively). A weak negative correlation was observed between serum 25OHD and PTH levels (r=-0.268; p<0.004). CONCLUSION: Sub-optimal vitamin D levels are frequently observed in HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Systematic assessment of mineral metabolism is considered necessary in HIV/AIDS positive patients.
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Our objective was to identify the percentage of marijuana-using caregivers who have been asked about their marijuana use by their child's pediatrician. Data was collected from a cross-sectional, convenience sample survey study of 1500 caregivers presenting with their children to the Children's Hospital Colorado Pediatric Emergency Department between December 2015 and July 2017. Of the 1500 caregivers surveyed, 167 (11%) reported using marijuana. When asked if their child's pediatrician had ever inquired/counseled about caregiver marijuana use, 165 marijuana-using caregivers responded; 149 caregivers (90.3%) reported "no," 9 caregivers (5.4%) reported "yes," and 7 caregivers (4.2%) reported "unsure." We concluded that of marijuana-using caregivers, only a small percentage indicated their child's pediatrician had inquired about caregiver marijuana use. This suggests pediatricians are not engaging caregivers about marijuana use and the subsequent secondhand marijuana smoke exposure for children. The continued rise of marijuana use among parents makes this research of public health importance.
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Background: Food fortification is an effective strategy that has been recommended for improving population calcium inadequate intakes. Increasing calcium concentration of water has been proposed as a possible strategy to improve calcium intake. The objective of this study was to determine the sensory threshold of different calcium salts added to drinking water using survival analysis. Methods: We performed the triangle test methodology for samples of water with added calcium using three different calcium salts: calcium chloride, calcium gluconate and calcium lactate. For each salt, a panel of 54 consumers tested seven batches of three water samples. Data were adjusted for chance and sensory threshold was estimated using the survival methodology and a discrimination of 50%. Results: The threshold value estimation for calcium gluconate was 587 ± 131 mg/L of water, corresponding to 25% discrimination, for calcium lactate was 676 ± 186 mg/L, corresponding to 50% discrimination, and for calcium chloride was 291 ± 73 mg/L, corresponding to 50% discrimination. Conclusions: These results show that water with calcium added in different salts and up to a concentration of 500 mg of calcium/L of water is feasible. The calcium salt allowing the highest calcium concentration with the lowest perceived changes in taste was calcium gluconate. Future studies need to explore stability and acceptability over longer periods of time.
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Zero tolerance to bacterial contamination means considering the acceptance of "radiation on the table". The process of food irradiation has been extensively studied, nevertheless its use remains a matter of some controversy. Despite unanimous agreement within the medical community of the safety of this procedure, occasional concerns arise from the consumers. A common consumer misconception is that irradiation may turn the food "radioactive". A significant number of scientific studies on the topic were analyzed. We found no scientific study demonstrating that consumption of irradiated food might pose a risk to consumers. All studies conclude that food irradiation at the appropriate dose required to reduce contamination is safe and does not affect its nutritional value. In order to emphasize the issue we discuss the potential benefit vs harm of irradiation of food contaminated with E. coli 0157: H7. The association of this bacteria with severe disease and death has been clearly established in contrast with the lack of a demonstrated risk due to meat irradiation. We conclude that the risks of food irradiation remains "unknown" simply because, after four decades of research, none has been identified. In contrast to the risks of acquiring a food transmitted bacterial disease, the risk of irradiation is negligible.
Assuntos
Irradiação de Alimentos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Comportamento do Consumidor , Alimentos/efeitos da radiação , Irradiação de Alimentos/métodos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/microbiologia , Humanos , Doses de RadiaçãoRESUMO
Introduction: It is recommended to limit the consumption of sodium to 2 g / day and consume 25 g / 2000 kcal of fiber. Baked and cookies are the key food-vehicle to achieve these recommendations. x Objective: To evaluate the acceptability of the optimal healthy bread with nutritional information in a breakfast, teatime or snack (DMC) in real consumption situation. Methodology: In the offices of the Faculty of Medicine, a tray was delivered with: infusions, sweeteners, milk powder, jams, healthy bread, commercial orange juice and nutritional information to be consumed by participants as DMC. 100 students, teachers and non-teachers performed the acceptance test of different components of the tray using a scale of 1 (dislike very much) to 10 (like very much), they answered demographic data, what was your DM C, amount of bread consumed and the price they would pay for it. Results: 43.4% consumed the tray for teatime. Most consumed infusion: coffee. 100% consumed the bread and 91% accompanied it with jam. The average value of acceptability was 8.57 ± 1.44 without significant differences by age, sex or Body Mass Index. 76% consumed at least 3/4. The average price they were willing to pay was $ 54.65 / kilo ±12.32 (reference French bread $ 50 / kilo). The average scores of acceptability were: 8.82±1.27 for presentation of the tray, 8.53±1.43 of the DMC consumed and 8.17±2 of the commercial orange juice. Conclusions: The acceptability of the bread in real situation of consumption was very good, being an effective strategy to reduce the ingestion of NaCl and increase the fiber.
Introducción: Se recomienda limitar el consumo de sodio a 2 g/día y consumir 25 g/2000 kcal de fibra. Los panificados/galletitas son alimento-vehículo clave para alcanzar estas recomendaciones. Objetivo: Evaluar la aceptabilidad del panificado saludable óptimo con información nutricional en un desayuno/merienda/colación (D/M/C) en situación real de consumo. Metodología: En oficinas/cátedras de la Facultad de Medicina se entregó una bandeja con: infusiones; edulcorantes; leche en polvo; dulce y mermeladas; panificado saludable y jugo de naranja comercial con información nutricional para ser consumido por los participantes como D/M/C. 100 estudiantes/docentes/no docentes realizaron la prueba de aceptabilidad de distintos componentes de la bandeja utilizando una escala numérica de 1 (me disgusta mucho) a 10 (me gusta mucho), respondieron datos demográficos, en qué consistió su D/A/C, cantidad consumida del panificado y precio que pagarían por el mismo. Resultados: El 43,4% consumió la bandeja en merienda. Infusión más consumida: café. El 100% consumió el panificado y 91% lo acompañó con mermelada/dulce. Su valor promedio de aceptabilidad fue de 8,57±1,44 sin diferencias significativas por edad, sexo ni Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). El 76% consumió al menos 3/4. El precio promedio que estuvieron dispuestos a pagar fue de $54,65/kilo±12,32 (referencia pan francés $50/kilo).Los puntajes promedios de aceptabilidad fueron: 8,82±1,27 para presentación de la bandeja, 8,53±1,43 del D/M/C que consumieron y 8,17±2 del jugo de naranja comercial.Conclusiones: La aceptabilidad del panificado en situación real de consumo fue muy buena, resultando una estrategia efectiva para reducir la ingesta de NaCl y aumentar la de fibra. Conclusiones: La aceptabilidad del panificado en situación real de consumo fue muy buena, resultando una estrategia efectiva para reducir la ingesta de NaCl y aumentar la de fibra.
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Dieta Saudável/métodos , Dieta Hipossódica/métodos , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Valor Nutritivo , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina , Índice de Massa Corporal , Pão , Estudos de Coortes , Comportamento do Consumidor , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Fibras na Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción: El exceso de sodio se ha asociado con un aumento del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. El objetivo fue estudiar los motivos de elección y las emociones relacionadas a las comidas con mayor y con menor contenido de sal (NaCl) en estudiantes de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Metodología: Estudio observacional cuali-cuantitativo. Se realizaron 4 Grupos Focales (GF) con estudiantes de carreras relacionadas y no relacionadas con la Salud y una encuesta con metodología Check All That Apply (CATA), dirigida a estudiantes de carreras universitarias relacionadas con la Salud. Resultados: En los GF realizados para identificar motivos de elección de comidas se consideraron importantes factores como: "salud, valor nutritivo y contenido natural", "precio y accesibilidad en comercios", "control de peso", "comodidad en la preparación", "estado de ánimo", "apariencia, envase agradable y marca conocida" y "atractivo sensorial". El factor "bajo contenido de sodio en preparaciones" no fue sonsiderado importante. En los GF realizados para identificar emociones asociadas a preparaciones alimenticias con mayor y menor contenido de sal (NaCl) predominaron emociones positivas por sobre las negativas y neutras. Las preparaciones con mayor contenido de sal suscitaron más emociones negativas en el GF de estudiantes relacionados con la Salud. En las respuestas CATA la tarta/empanadas y el sándwich de jamón y queso estuvieron caracterizados por motivos de comodidad en la preparación y mayor contenido de sal. El sándwich de pollo y la tarta/empanadas de verduras se relacionaron con salud y valor nutritivo (incluido menor contenido de sal). Conclusión: Las caracterizaciones realizadas por los estudiantes relacionados con la Salud sobre estas preparaciones resultan de interés y abren el interrogante a cuál será la descripción de estudiantes universitarios no relacionados a carreras de Salud. Financiado por el subsidio de investigación UBACYT 20020170100502BA
Introduction: Excess sodium has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The objective was to study the reasons for choosing and the emotions related to foods with higher and lower salt content (NaCl) in students of the University of Buenos Aires (UBA). Methodology: Quali-quantitative observational study. Four Focus Groups (GF) were carried out with students of careers related and not related to Health, and a survey with the Check All That Apply (CATA) methodology aimed at students of university careers related to Health.Results: In the GFs carried out to identify reasons for choosing meals, important factors were considered as: "health, nutritional value and natural content", "price and accessibility in shops", "weight control", "convenience in preparation", "mood", "appearance, pleasant packaging, and well-known brand", and "sensory appeal". The factor "low sodium content in preparations" was not considered important. In the GFs carried out to identify emotions associated with food preparations with higher and lower salt content (NaCl), positive emotions predominated over negative and neutral ones. The preparations with higher salt content elicited more negative emotions in the GF of Health-related students. In the CATA responses (health-related students), the ham and cheese pie / empanadas and sandwich were characterized by reasons of convenience in preparation and higher salt content. The chicken sandwich and the vegetable pie / empanadas were associated with health and nutritional value (including lower salt content). Conclusion: The characterizations made by the students related to Health on these preparations are of interest and open the question of what will be the description of university students not related to Health careers. Funded by UBACYT research grant 20020170100502BA
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Humanos , Adulto , Sais , AlimentosRESUMO
La suplementación con calcio reduciría, sola o asociada a otra medicación para osteoporosis, la pérdida de masa ósea y el riesgo de fracturas. Sin embargo, su tasa de adherencia es baja debido a la poca tolerancia. Objetivo: comparar la tasa de absorción neta de calcio entre dos formulaciones distintas de carbonato de calcio (500 mg): comprimidos vs. mousse. Material y métodos: 11 pruebas fueron realizadas en mujeres posmenopáusicas de 58,9±3 años. El diseño fue exploratorio abierto, aleatorizado, prospectivo cruzado de fase 4. Intervención: las participantes fueron aleatorizadas en dos grupos para recibir las dos formulaciones previa suplementación con vitamina D3. La tasa de absorción neta de calcio fue estudiada por la prueba de inhibición de hormona paratiroidea (PTH). Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre: basal y en la 1a, 2a y 3a hora posadministración del calcio asignado, y de orina de 2 horas basal y al final de la prueba. Determinaciones bioquímicas: calcio, fósforo, albúmina, 25-hidroxivitamina D y hormona paratiroidea intacta y calciuria. Análisis estadístico: método de los trapecios para calcular el área bajo la curva (AUC) de la concentración de calcio en el tiempo (R Development Core Team (2008). http://www.Rp-project.org) y Anova con dos términos de error para evaluar el efecto secuencia, período y formulación. Resultados: la mayor inhibición de PTH se observó a dos horas de la toma de ambas formulaciones (comprimidos -39,2% vs. mousse -38,0%; p=ns), con similar AUC0-3 h (comprimidos 3,35; IC 95%: 3,32; 3,37 vs. mousse 3,36; IC 95%: 3,33; 3,38). Cuando analizamos tolerancia y preferencias no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambas formulaciones. Conclusión: el carbonato de calcio en mousse mostró similar tasa de absorción intestinal, preferencia y tolerancia gastrointestinal que en comprimido. (AU)
Calcium supplementation, administered alone or in combination with a specific medication for osteoporosis, would reduce bone mass loss and fracture risk in postmenopausal women. However, the adherence rate to calcium supplements is low, mainly due to low tolerance. Objective: comparisson of net calcium absorption rate between two different pharmaceutical formulations of calcium carbonate (PFCa) in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: 11 tests were performed in postmenopausal women aged 58.9±3 yrs. Design: Comparative, randomized, prospective, open-label exploratory crossover study of calcium mousse versus calcium pills. Intervention: Participants were randomized in 2 groups to receive the 2 different PFCa (500mg): pills vs. mousse, with previous vitamin D3 supplementation. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibition test and the area-under-thecurve (AUC) of calcium were analyzed. Blood samples were taken at baseline and 1, 2 and 3 hrs after intake of the assigned PFCa. Urine samples (2hs) were obtained at -baseline, after 2hs of PFCa intake and at the end of the test. Biochemical Determinations: Serum: calcium, phosphorus, albumin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and intact PTH. In urine: calcium. Statistical Analysis: The trapezoid rule was applied to assess AUC in time (R Development Core Team (2008). http://www.Rp-project.org). An ANOVA model with 2 error terms was used to assess the effect of sequence, period, and formulation. Results: The highest inhibition PTH rates were observed after 2 hrs of PFCa (pills -39.2% vs. mousse -38.0%; p=ns). The AUC0-3hrs for both PFCa was similar (pills 3.35; 95%CI: 3.32; 3.37 vs. mousse 3.36; 95%CI: 3.33; 3.38). No statistically significant differences were observed when we analyze tolerance and predilection. Conclusion: The calcium carbonate in mousse showed an adequate rate of intestinal absorption, similarly predilection and gastrointestinal tolerance than the pill presentation. (AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carbonato de Cálcio/farmacocinética , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/prevenção & controle , Cálcio/farmacocinética , Hormônio Paratireóideo/análise , Acloridria , Calcitriol/farmacocinética , Carbonato de Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Carbonato de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Índice de Massa Corporal , Densidade Óssea , Avaliação Nutricional , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/dietoterapia , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/tratamento farmacológico , Programas de Rastreamento , Cálcio/deficiência , Pós-Menopausa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pós-Menopausa/sangue , Colecalciferol/administração & dosagem , Colecalciferol/efeitos adversos , Estudos Cross-Over , Citrato de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Fraturas Ósseas/prevenção & controle , Estrogênios/deficiência , Absorção Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , Anabolizantes/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Introducción: organismos oficiales mundiales iniciaron acciones para reducir la ingesta de sal por su efecto positivo individual y epidemiológico en el descenso de la tensión arterial. Objetivos: a) desarrollar un cuestionario autoadministrado para encuestar a 100 estudiantes de Medicina, 100 de Ciencias Sociales y 100 de una Escuela Técnica de Buenos Aires (Argentina) sobre percepciones, conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas relacionados con el cuidado de la salud e ingesta de sal y sus implicancias; b) describir, evaluar y comparar los resultados de la encuesta. Materiales y métodos: el cuestionario incluyó datos demográficos y antecedentes patológicos personales/familiares; afirmaciones sobre percepciones, saberes, conductas y actitudes relacionados con el cuidado de la ingesta de sal e implicancias; recomendaciones de acción; sabor y cuidado de salud; calificación de contenido sal/sodio de 19 alimentos/preparaciones; conocimiento de la cantidad diaria recomendada de ingesta (CDRI) de sal y estrategias individuales para reducir su consumo. Se midieron frecuencias y se aplicaron alfa de Cronbach, X2 , RMSEA, ANOVA, prueba de Tukey y Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: se encontró que las mujeres priorizaban las conductas preventivas; todos relacionaban la ingesta de sal con patologías pero subestimaban el efecto preventivo de su reducción; los estudiantes de Medicina desconocían menos la CDRI y valoraban más acciones que los ayudaran a conocerla; todos sobreestimaron alimentos de bajo contenido de sodio y viceversa; la reducción/supresión de sal de mesa superó a la de identificar "sal oculta" para disminuir la ingesta. Conclusiones: serían necesarias acciones educativas y el involucramiento de kioscos, cantinas y comedores escolares/ universitarios para ofrecer a estos jóvenes entornos alimentarios más saludables.
Introduction: global government agencies have begun action to reduce salt intake for their individual and epidemiological positive effect on lowering blood pressure. Objectives: a) to develop a self-administered questionnaire to survey 100 students of Medicine, 100 and 100 of Social Sciences of School of Buenos Aires (Argentina) on perceptions, knowledge, attitudes and practices related to health care and salt intake and practices implications; b) to describe, evaluate and compare the results of the survey. Materials and methods: the questionnaire included demographic data and personal/family medical history; statements about perceptions, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to the care of salt intake and implications; recommendations for action; taste and health care; grade salt/sodium foods 19, preparations content; knowledge of the recommended daily amount of intake (CDRI) salt and individual strategies to reduce consumption. Frequencies are measured and Cronbach's alpha, X2 , RMSEA, ANOVA, Tukey test and Kruskal Wallis were applied. Results: it was found that women prioritized preventive behaviors; all related pathologies salt intake but underestimated the preventive effect of reduction; Medical students were unaware least CDRI and more valued actions that help to know; all overestimated foods low in sodium and vice versa; the reduction/elimination of table salt surpassed that of identifying "hidden salt" to reduce intake. Conclusions: it would take educational activities and the involvement of kiosks, canteens and school/college cafeterias to provide healthier food these young environments.
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Humanos , Argentina , Sódio , Adulto Jovem , Avaliação do Impacto na SaúdeRESUMO
En la Argentina y el mundo existen acciones tendientes a reducir la ingesta de sal; entre ellas, intervenciones de educación al consumidor y reducción del contenido de sal en alimentos procesados. Las Guías Alimentarias parala Población Argentina editadas en 2000 incluyen un mensaje específico destinado a orientar una ingesta que no supere los 6g diarios. El Foro de la Organización Mundial de la Salud s obre la Reducción del Consumo de Sal enla Población recomienda educar al consumidor y promover entornos que faciliten la elección de alimentos mássanos. Pocas investigaciones reflejan la ingesta de sal por parte de los consumidores; diversos estudios muestran que las personas tienen un deficiente reconocimiento de su ingesta de sal y no son plenamente conscientes de la relación ingesta de s al-salud. Las intervenciones preventivas más efectivas son las que involucran al consumidor desde su planificación, teniendo en cuenta los intereses, representaciones, preconceptos y posibilidades concretas de ejercer el autocuidado de las personas. Acciones sinérgicas entre el sector salud, la industriay las organizaciones de la sociedad civil para educar al consumidor y ofrecer entornos alimentarios más saludables redundarán en mayores y mejores resultados en la reducción de la ingesta de sal/sodio y su efecto perjudi-cial sobre la salud.
In Argentina and the world there is an effort to lower sal tintake, including consumer education and reduction of the salt content of processed foods. The Dietary Guidelines for Argentine Population published in 2000 specifically advise a maximum daily salt intake of 6 g.The World Health Organization Forum on Reducing Salt Intake in Populations recommends educating consumers and promoting environments that facilitate healthy food choices. There are not many investigations on the amount of salt consumers use, while several studies show that people have a poor recognition of their sal tintake and they are not fully aware of the relationship between salt intake and health. The most effective preventive interventions are those that involve consumer sat the very beginning of the planning process, taking into account their interests, representations, beliefs and their real possibilities of participating in their own care...
Na Argentina e no mundo existem ações tendentes areduzir a ingestão de sal; entre elas, intervenções deeducação ao consumidor e redução do conteúdo de salem a limentos processados. Os Guias Alimentícios para aPopulação Argentina editados em 2000 incluem umamensagem específica destinada a orientar uma ingestãoque não supere 6g diárias. O Foro da OrganizaçãoMundial da Saúde sobre a Redução do Consumo de Salna População recomenda educar o consumidor e promoverambientes que facilitem a escolha de alimentos maissaudáveis. Poucas pesquisas refletem a ingestão d e salpor parte dos consumidores; diversos estudos mostramque as pessoas têm um deficiente reconhecimento dasua iconscientes da relação ingestão de sal saúde. Asintervenções preventivas mais efetivas são as queenvolvem o consumidor desde o seu planejamento,tendo em conta os intereses, representaconcebidos...
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Humanos , Colaboração Intersetorial , Cloreto de Sódio/química , Cloreto de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Medicina Preventiva/educação , Cloreto de Sódio na DietaRESUMO
Objetivos: Desarrollar un cuestionario de elección de alimentos para ser utilizado en nuestro país. Describir y comparar los motivos que influencian la elección de alimentos entre los estudiantes de Nutrición, Odontología y Farmacia/Bioquímica, de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Métodos: La muestra estuvo formada por 198 estudiantes de las carreras antes mencionadas de la UBA, con una edad mediana de 22 años. Se desarrolló un cuestionario preliminar en base a cuestionarios existentes y aportes de los investigadores, que fue auto-administrado a los estudiantes. Se realizó un análisis de factores para confirmar la estructura del cuestionario. Resultados: El análisis factorial detectó 9 factores: Salud y contenido natural de los alimentos, Precio y accesibilidad en los comercios, Control de Peso, Ecología, Comodidad en la preparación, Estado de ánimo, Religión, Apariencia y aspectos extrínsecos y Atractivo sensorial. En la elección de sus comidas, los estudiantes asignaron mayor importancia al atractivo sensorial (sabor y aroma), seguido por los motivos relacionados con la salud y el contenido natural de los alimentos, el precio y la accesibilidad en los comercios, así como a la apariencia y los aspectos extrínsecos. Conclusiones: Se desarrolló un cuestionario para evaluar qué motiva a los consumidores en la elección de sus comidas, que podrá utilizarse en futuras investigaciones. El mismo se aplicó a estudiantes de carreras relacionadas con las ciencias de la salud permitiendo conocer qué motiva sus elecciones
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Humanos , Preferências Alimentares , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Al momento no se disponen de suficientes datos sobre las elecciones alimentarias de los estudiantes universitarios. Las técnicas proyectivas permiten recabar información que no se conseguiría mediante un interrogatorio directo ni por otros medios. El presente trabajo intenta conocer localmente la preferencia y motivos de la elección de alimentos o preparaciones alimenticias de los estudiantes durante su estadía en las facultades de la Universidad de Buenos Aires.
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Argentina , Preferências Alimentares , Estudantes , UniversidadesRESUMO
Zero tolerance to bacterial contamination means considering the acceptance of "radiation on the table". The process of food irradiation has been extensively studied, nevertheless its use remains a matter of some controversy. Despite unanimous agreement within the medical community of the safety of this procedure, occasional concerns arise from the consumers. Acommon consumer misconception is that irradiationmay turn the food "radioactive". A significant number of scientific studies on the topic were analyzed. We found no scientific study demonstrating that consumption of irradiated food might pose a risk to consumers. All studies conclude that food irradiation at the appropriate dose required to reduce contamination is safe and does not affect its nutritional valué. In order to emphasize the issue we discuss the potential benefit vs harm of irradiation of food contaminated with E. coli 0157: H7. The association of this bacteria with severe disease and death has been clearly established in contrast with the lack of a demonstrated risk due to meat irradiation. We conclude that the risks of food irradiation remains "unknown" simply because, after four decades of research, none has been identified. In contrast to the risks of acquiring a food transmitted bacterial disease, the risk of irradiation is negligible.
Tolerancia cero a la contaminación bacteriana implica considerar la inclusión de "la radiación a la mesa". La irradiación es uno de los métodos de procesado de alimentos que se han estudiado de forma más extensa y estricta; sin embargo, su aplicación sigue siendo materia de discusión. Incluso si la inocuidad está bien establecida (hay acuerdo unánime entre la comunidad científica), de vez en cuando surgen preguntas de los consumidores. Es importante destacar que no hay ningún estudio científico consistente y reproducible, que demuestre o sugiera que el consumo de un alimento irradiado podría suponer un riesgo para la salud de los consumidores. Creemos que esta revisión es un aporte importante al conocimiento. Es necesario desmentir los errores generalizados sobre la irradiación, especialmente la idea de que los alimentos se tornan radioactivos. Se analizó una cantidad considerable de investigaciones científicas difundidas en publicaciones especializadas. De ellas surge que los alimentos irradiados con la dosis necesaria para alcanzar el objetivo mi-crobiológico deseado, se consideran inocuos y saludables para el consumo y adecuados desde un punto de vista nutricional. Para ser más claros, nadie pondría en duda que Escherichia coli 0157: H7 puede causar la muerte, la carne irradiada no. En definitiva, los riesgos de la irradiación de los alimentos son desconocidos, simplemente porque después de cuatro décadas de investigaciones, no se ha encontrado ninguno. Este es un argumento de suficiente peso, contra los riesgos conocidos de contraer una enfermedad bacteriana transmitida por alimentos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Irradiação de Alimentos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Comportamento do Consumidor , Irradiação de Alimentos/métodos , Alimentos/efeitos da radiação , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/microbiologia , Doses de RadiaçãoRESUMO
Siendo necesario desarrollar y articular estrategias que permitan a los consumidores elegir alimentos y productos alimenticios saludables resulta de utilidad estudiar la influencia de los motivos de los consumidores en la elección de alimentos y su disposición a consumir comidas saludables. Se presentan aquí los resultados de la primera etapa de un estudio sobre percepción de producto saludable, intención de consumo y motivos de elección de alimentos referidos a licuados de frutas. Se realizó una encuesta auto-administrada a 104 consumidores ≥ 18 años, en la que se indagó sobre las 3 frutas de elección en orden de preferencia, la frecuencia de consumo durante el último año y los momentos del día preferidos para consumirlos. Se aplicó una regresión log-lineal para analizar los efectos de Frutas, Orden, Edad y Género sobre los conteos. Las frutas preferidas fueron banana, durazno y frutilla. Durante el último año, el 43,3% de los participantes consumió licuados de frutas una o más veces por semana en verano y el 16,3% consumió licuados una vez por semana el resto del año. Aunque los consumidores escogen distintos momentos del día para tomar licuados, la tarde es un momento elegido por la mayoría.
Assuntos
Humanos , Ingestão de Alimentos , Preferências Alimentares , Frutas , Alimentos IntegraisRESUMO
La incidencia de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos causadas por varios microorganismos patógenos es un problema significativo en todo el mundo. Tolerancia cero a la contaminación bacteriana implica considerar la inclusión de "la radiación en la mesa". El proceso de irradiar los alimentos podría tener una contribución significativa en el control de las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos.
The incidence of foodborne disease caused by several pathogens remains a significant problem worldwide. Zero tolerance to bacterial contamination means considering the inclusion of "radiation on the table". The process of food irradiation could make a significant contribution in the control of such diseases.
Assuntos
Humanos , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Dosímetros de Radiação , Conservação de Alimentos , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/microbiologia , Irradiação de Alimentos/métodos , Radiação Ionizante , Intoxicação Alimentar por SalmonellaRESUMO
Listeria monocytogenes es una bacteria que causa una enfermedad que se transmite a través de los alimentos conocida como listeriosis. La bacteria es capaz de sobrevivir en condiciones medio ambientales adversas como la sequedad del suelo y las altas concentraciones salinas...Efectuamos una revisión de las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de varios brotes producidos por Listria monocytogenes.