Multifunctional emitter based on inverse design for infrared stealth, thermal imaging and radiative cooling.

In contrast to conventional emitters fashioned from traditional materials, tunable thermal emitters exhibit a distinct propensity to fulfill the demands of diverse scenarios, thereby engendering an array of prospects within the realms of communications, military applications, and control systems. In this paper, a tunable thermal emitter without continuous external excitation is introduced using Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) and high-temperature-resistant material Mo. It is automatically optimized by inverse design with genetic algorithm (GA) to switch between different functions according to the object temperature to adapt to diverse scenarios. In "off" mode, the emitter orchestrates a blend of infrared (IR) stealth and thermal management. This is evidenced by average absorptivity values of 0.08 for mid-wave infrared (MIR, 3-5 µm), 0.19 for long-wave infrared (LIR, 8-14 µm), and 0.68 for the non-atmospheric window (NAW, 5-8 µm). Conversely, when confronted with high-temperature entities, the emitter seamlessly transitions to "on" mode, instigating a process of radiative cooling. This transformation is reflected in the augmented emissivity of the dual-band atmospheric window including MIR and LIR, attaining peak values of 0.96 and 0.97. This transition yields a cooling potential, quantified at 64 W/m2 at the ambient temperature of 25°C. In addition, our design employs a layered structure, which avoids complex patterned resonators and facilitates large-area fabrication. The emitter in this paper evinces robust insensitivity to polarization variations and the angle of incidence. We believe that this work will contribute to the development in the fields of dynamic tunability for IR stealth, dynamic radiative cooling systems, and thermal imaging.

Tensor completion algorithm-aided structural color design.

In recent years, structural color has developed rapidly due to its distinct advantages, such as low loss, high spatial resolution and environmental friendliness. Various inverse design methods have been extensively investigated to efficiently design optical structures. However, the optimization method for the inverse design of structural color remains a formidable challenge. Traditional optimization approaches, such as genetic algorithms require time-consuming repetitions of structural simulations. Deep learning-assisted design necessitates prior simulations and large amounts of data, making it less efficient for systems with a small number of features. This study proposes a tensor completion algorithm capable of swiftly and accurately predicting missing datasets based on partially obtained datasets to assist in structural color design. Transforming the complex physical problem of structural color design into a spatial structure relationship problem linking geometric parameters and spectral data. The method utilizes tensor multilinear data analysis to effectively capture the complex relationships associated with geometric parameters and spectral data in higher-order data. Numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm exhibits high reliability in terms of speed and accuracy for diverse structures, datasets of varying sizes, and different materials, significantly enhancing design efficiency. The proposed algorithm offers a viable solution for inverse design problems involving complex physical systems, thereby introducing a novel approach to the design of photonic devices. Additionally, numerical experiments illustrate that the structural color of cruciform resonators with diamond can overcome the high loss issues observed in traditional dielectric materials within the blue wavelength region and enhance the corrosion resistance of the structure. We achieve a wide color gamut and a high-narrow reflection spectrum nearing 1 by this structure, and the theoretical analysis further verifies that diamond holds great promise in the realm of optics.

Optical transparent metamaterial with multi-band compatible camouflage based on inverse design.

Infrared (IR) thermal camouflage and management are deeply desirable in the field of military and astronomy. While IR compatible with laser camouflage technology is extensively studied to counter modern detection systems, most existing strategies for visible light camouflage focus on color matching, which is not suitable for scenarios requiring transparency. In this work, we propose an optically transparent metamaterial with multi-band compatible camouflage capability based on the inverse design. The metamaterial consists of Ag grating, Si3N4 dielectric spacer layer, Ag reflection layer, and Si3N4 anti-reflective layer. An ideal multi-band compatible spectrum is involved in the inverse design algorithm. Calculated results demonstrate high transmittance (T0.38-0.78µm = 0.70) in the visible region, low reflectance (R1.55µm = 0.01) in laser working wavelength, high reflectance (R3-5µm = 0.86 and R8-14µm = 0.92) in the dual-band atmospheric window, and high emissivity (ɛ5-8µm = 0.61) for the non-atmospheric window. The radiative heat flux in the detected band is 31W/m2 and 201W/m2 respectively. Furthermore, the incident and polarized insensitivity of the proposed metamaterial supports applicability for practical situations. This work, emphasizes an effective strategy for conducting optically transparent design with compatible IR-laser camouflage as well as radiative cooling properties by an automated design approach.

Three-dimensional mode-division multiplexing system.

Blindly increasing the channels of the mode (de)multiplexer on the single-layer chip can cause the device structure to be too complex to optimize. The three-dimensional (3D) mode division multiplexing (MDM) technology is a potential solution to extend the data capacity of the photonic integrated circuit by assembling the simple devices in the 3D space. In our work, we propose a 16 × 16 3D MDM system with a compact footprint of about 100 µm × 5.0 µm × 3.7 µm. It can realize 256 mode routes by converting the fundamental transverse electric (TE0) modes in arbitrary input waveguides into the expected modes in arbitrary output waveguides. To illustrate its mode-routing principle, the TE0 mode is launched in one of the sixteen input waveguides, and converted into corresponding modes in four output waveguides. The simulated results indicate that the ILs and CTs of the 16 × 16 3D MDM system are less than 3.5 dB and lower than -14.2 dB at 1550 nm, respectively. In principle, the 3D design architecture can be scaled to realize arbitrary network complexity levels.

Associations of maternal weight status with the risk of offspring atopic dermatitis and wheezing by 1 year of age.

BACKGROUND: Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) have been linked to offspring allergic disorders. However, associations observed in previous studies were inconsistent and might be confounded by unmeasured familial factors. We aimed to examine the associations of maternal weight with offspring allergic disorders by using paternal BMI as a negative control exposure. METHODS: We included the data of 10,522 children from the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study, 2012-2017. Data on maternal weight were obtained from questionnaires and obstetric records, and paternal weight was collected from questionnaires. Atopic dermatitis (AD) and wheezing at the age of 1 year were defined according to parent-reported physician diagnosis. Risk ratios (RRs) were estimated by log-binominal regression with mutual adjustment for maternal and paternal weight status. RESULTS: By the age of 1 year, 16.2% and 7.9% of children were diagnosed with AD and wheezing, respectively. While maternal pre-pregnancy BMI as a continuous variable was not associated with offspring AD, infants of pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women had a higher risk of AD than those born to normal weight women; no such associations were observed for paternal BMI. Both maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and paternal BMI were positively associated with the risk of offspring wheezing. Maternal GWG was not associated with AD or wheezing. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity might increase the risk of infant AD via intrauterine mechanisms, whereas the association with wheezing might be confounded by uncontrolled familial factors. These findings may be valuable in early-life prevention for offspring allergic diseases.

Gestational weight gain rates in the first and second trimesters are associated with small for gestational age among underweight women: a prospective birth cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Despite the well-studied effects of gestational weight gain (GWG) on offspring health, little is known about the association of trimester-specific GWG with offspring birth weight among underweight pregnant women. This study aimed to explore the association of trimester-specific GWG rate with small for gestational age (SGA) in underweight women. METHODS: The GWG rate of underweight pregnant women (pre-pregnancy body mass index [BMI] lower than 18.5 kg/m2) of the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study was calculated as the weight gain during a specific trimester divided by the corresponding duration of week. Total GWG was calculated as the weight difference between pre-pregnancy and delivery, and was categorized into inadequate, adequate, and excessive weight gain based on the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) weight gain recommendation. The INTERGROWTH-21st standards were used to define SGA. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of total GWG and trimester-specific GWG rates with SGA. Associations between trimester-specific GWG rates and SGA were also analyzed separately based on different total GWG categories (i.e. inadequate and adequate/excessive GWG). RESULTS: Of the 3839 participants, SGA births occurred in 397 (10.3%), and mean GWG was 14.9 kg (SD 3.9). A lower risk of SGA was observed among women with higher GWG rate (per 0.5 kg/week increase) during the first (adjusted OR [aOR] 0.74, 95%CI 0.57, 0.96) and second (adjusted OR [aOR] 0.40, 95%CI 0.30, 0.55) but not third trimester. Similar association between higher GWG rate during the second trimester and a decreased risk of SGA were observed among women with inadequate (< 12.5 kg) and adequate/excessive (≥12.5 kg) total GWG, respectively. Compared to women with adequate GWG rate, women with inadequate GWG rate during the second trimester had a significantly increased risk of SGA (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.14, 2.20). CONCLUSIONS: Second-trimester GWG might be the key driver for the association between inadequate GWG and increased risk of SGA births in underweight women.

Circ_0007142 downregulates miR-874-3p-mediated GDPD5 on colorectal cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent and oxidative cell death form. Recent studies suggested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulated ferroptosis in tumour cells. Circ_0007142 was identified as a carcinogenic molecule in colorectal cancer (CRC), but its function on ferroptosis in CRC remains unknown. METHODS: Circ_0007142, microRNA-874-3p (miR-874-3p) and glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 5 (GDPD5) levels were assayed using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell survival and proliferation were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Protein detection was performed by Western blot. Cell apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry. Ferroptosis was assessed by iron accumulation and oxidative stress. Target binding was evaluated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. In vivo research was conducted by tumour xenograft in mice. RESULTS: Circ_0007142 was overexpressed in CRC. After expression inhibition of circ_0007142, proliferation was reduced, while apoptosis and ferroptosis were facilitated in CRC cells. Mechanically, circ_0007142 was found as a miR-874-3p sponge and miR-874-3p inhibitor eliminated the regulation of si-circ_0007142 in CRC cells. MiR-874-3p targeted GDPD5 and upregulation of GDPD5 reversed the miR-874-3p-triggered tumour inhibition and ferroptosis promotion in CRC cells. Moreover, GDPD5 was regulated by the circ_0007142/miR-874-3p axis. Circ_0007142 also affected CRC tumorigenesis in vivo through the regulation of miR-874-3p and GDPD5. CONCLUSION: All these findings proved that circ_0007142/miR-874-3p/GDPD5 axis regulated tumorigenesis and ferroptosis of CRC cells. Circ_0007142 might be an available marker for ferroptosis in CRC therapy.

Deep learning-based framework for the distinction of membranous nephropathy: a new approach through hyperspectral imagery.

BACKGROUND: Common subtypes seen in Chinese patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) include idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and hepatitis B virus-related membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN). However, the morphologic differences are not visible under the light microscope in certain renal biopsy tissues. METHODS: We propose here a deep learning-based framework for processing hyperspectral images of renal biopsy tissue to define the difference between IMN and HBV-MN based on the component of their immune complex deposition. RESULTS: The proposed framework can achieve an overall accuracy of 95.04% in classification, which also leads to better performance than support vector machine (SVM)-based algorithms. CONCLUSION: IMN and HBV-MN can be correctly separated via the deep learning framework using hyperspectral imagery. Our results suggest the potential of the deep learning algorithm as a new method to aid in the diagnosis of MN.

Comparison of the INTERGROWTH-21st standard and a new reference for head circumference at birth among newborns in Southern China.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies proposed that there were racial or ethnic disparities in fetal growth, challenging the use of international standards in specific populations. This study was to evaluate the validity of applying the INTERGROWTH-21st standard to a Chinese population for identifying abnormal head circumference (HC), in comparison with a newly generated local reference. METHODS: There were 24,257 singletons delivered by low-risk mothers in four perinatal health-care centers in Southern China. New HC reference was constructed and comparison in distribution of HC categories was performed between the INTERGROWTH-21st standard and new reference after applying these two tools in study population. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between abnormal HC and adverse neonatal outcomes. RESULTS: There were 4.40% of the newborns identified with microcephaly (HC > 2 standard deviation below the mean) using the INTERGROWTH-21st standard, comparing to the proportion of 2.83% using new reference. The newborns identified with microcephaly only by the INTERGROWTH-21st standard were not at a higher risk of adverse neonatal outcome, compared with those identified as non-microcephaly by both tools (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.47-1.13). CONCLUSION: The new HC reference may be more appropriate for newborn assessment in Chinese populations than the INTERGROWTH-21st standard.

Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and preterm delivery: a large prospective cohort study in China.

BACKGROUND: Evidence about the associations between maternal dietary patterns and preterm delivery is scarce in Eastern countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and preterm delivery in a Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 7352 mothers were included in the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study, a prospective study in China. A validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess maternal diet at 24-27 weeks of gestation. Dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis. Gestational age was obtained from routine medical records. Preterm delivery was defined as delivery before 37 completed weeks of gestation, and was further classified into spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm delivery, and also early/moderate and late preterm delivery. Associations between dietary patterns and preterm delivery outcomes were assessed using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Six dietary patterns were identified, including 'Milk', 'Cereals, eggs, and Cantonese soups', 'Meats', 'Fruits, nuts, and Cantonese desserts', 'Vegetables', and 'Varied'. There were 351 (4.8%) preterm deliveries in this study population. Among those of preterm delivery, 16.2 and 83.8% were early/moderate and late preterm delivery, respectively. Compared with women of 'Vegetables' pattern, those of 'Milk' pattern had greater odds of overall preterm delivery (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11, 2.29, p < 0.05), spontaneous preterm delivery (adjusted OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.14, 2.62, p < 0.05) and late preterm delivery (adjusted OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.08, 2.62, p < 0.05); those of 'Cereals, eggs, and Cantonese soups' and 'Fruits, nuts, and Cantonese desserts' patterns had greater odds of late preterm delivery (adjusted OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.01, 2.35 for 'Cereals, eggs, and Cantonese soups', adjusted OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.04, 2.50 for 'Fruits, nuts, and Cantonese desserts', respectively). CONCLUSION: Maternal diet with frequent consumption of milk and less frequent consumption of vegetables during pregnancy might be associated with increased odds of preterm delivery. Future interventions should investigate whether increasing vegetable intake reduces preterm deliveries.

Effects of ABCDE Bundle on Hemodynamics in Patients on Mechanical Ventilation.

BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation is an important part of advanced life support in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to investigate the effects of ABCDE bundle on hemodynamics in patients on mechanical ventilation (MV). MATERIAL AND METHODS This study used a cross-sectional overall controlled approach in which 143 patients on mechanical ventilation were divided into 2 groups. In the pre-ABCDE bundle group (n=70), conventional sedation and analgesia strategy were used. In the post-ABCDE bundle group (n=73), ABCDE bundle was used. Changes in hemodynamics parameters and related prognostic indicators were monitored at various time points before (T0) and at 1 d (T1), 3 d (T3), 5 d (T5), and 7 d (T7) after implementation of the 2 strategies. RESULTS Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), heart rate (HR), and oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) in the bundle group were improved more significantly than those in the pre-ABCDE bundle group (P<0.05). For comparison between various monitoring time points in the same group, compared with before intervention, MAP, CVP, HR, and PaO2/FiO2 changed significantly in the bundle group at 3 d, 5 d, and 7 d after intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with before intervention, differences in all hemodynamics indicators were statistically significant in the pre-ABCDE bundle group at 5 d and 7 d after intervention (P<0.05). Compared with the pre-ABCDE bundle group, differences in prognostic indicators in the post-ABCDE bundle were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS ABCDE bundle is safe and effective for patients on mechanical ventilation, and can improve hemodynamics and enhance oxygenation index. ABCDE bundle might be helpful in reducing 28-d mortality and improving prognosis.

Does tea consumption during early pregnancy have an adverse effect on birth outcomes?

BACKGROUND: Tea, a common beverage, has been suggested to exhibit a number of health benefits. However, one of its active ingredients, caffeine, has been associated with preterm birth and low birthweight. We investigated whether tea consumption during early pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and abnormal fetal growth. METHODS: A total of 8775 pregnant women were included from the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study. Tea consumption (type, frequency, and strength) during their first trimester and social and demographic factors were obtained by way of questionnaires administered during pregnancy. Information on birth outcomes and complications during pregnancy was obtained from hospital medical records. RESULTS: Overall habitual tea drinking (≥1 serving/week) prevalence among pregnant women was low, at 16%. After adjustment for potential confounding factors (eg, maternal age, educational level, monthly income) tea drinking during early pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of preterm birth or abnormal fetal growth (small or large for gestational age) (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: We did not identify a consistent association between frequency of tea consumption or tea strength and adverse birth outcomes among Chinese pregnant women with low tea consumption. Our findings suggest that occasional tea drinking during pregnancy is not associated with increased risk of preterm birth or abnormal fetal growth. Given the high overall number of annual births in China, our findings have important public health significance.

Maternal IGF1 and IGF1R polymorphisms and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth.

BACKGROUND: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway was involved in the occurrence of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB), but little is known regarding the relationship between genetic variations in IGF pathway and the risk of SPTB. We aimed to investigate the associations of IGF1 rs972936 and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) rs2229765 polymorphisms with SPTB risk in a Chinese population. METHOD: A total of 114 cases of SPTB and 250 controls of term delivery were included from Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, China. The odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: We found that the GA and GA/AA genotypes of IGF1 rs972936 were associated with an increased risk of SPTB, and the adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.74 (1.01-3.02) and 1.75 (1.04-2.93) respectively. Women carrying GA and GA/AA genotypes of IGF1R rs2229765 had a reduced risk compared to those with the GG genotype (0.60 [0.37-0.98] and 0.64 [0.40-1.00] respectively). There were significant interactions between IGF1 rs972936 and GDM status (P for interaction=.02), as well as between IGF1R rs2229765 and pre-pregnancy BMI (P for interaction <.001) on the risk of SPTB. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that polymorphisms of IGF1 rs972936 and IGF1R rs2229765 were associated with the risk of SPTB in Chinese pregnant women and these effects depend on the maternal metabolic status.

Bioinformatic analysis of specific genes in diabetic nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE: We attempt to explore the pathogenesis and specific genes with aberrant expression in diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS: The gene expression profile of GSE1009 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 3 normal function glomeruli and DN glomeruli from cadaveric donor kidneys. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed and the aberrant gene-related functions were predicted by informatics methods. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks for DEGs were constructed and the functional sub-network was screened. RESULTS: A total of 416 DEGs were found to be differentially expressed in DN samples comparing with normal controls, including 404 up-regulated genes and 12 down-regulated genes. DEGs were involved in the process of combination to saccharides and the decline of tissue repairing ability of the organisms. The genes of VEGFA, ACTG1, HSP90AA1 had high degree in the PPI network. The main biological process of genes in the sub-network was related with cell proliferation and signal transmitting of cell membrane receptor. CONCLUSION: Significant nodes in PPI network provide new insights to understand the mechanism of DN. VEGFA, ACTG1 and HSP90AA1 may be the potential targets in the DN treatment.

Lifestyle-based subtypes of childhood obesity and their association with cardiometabolic factors: A cluster analysis.

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle factors play an important role in the development and management of childhood obesity and its related cardiometabolic complications. OBJECTIVE/METHODS: We aimed to explore childhood obesity subtypes based on lifestyle factors and examine their association with cardiometabolic health. We included 1550 children with obesity from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cluster analysis identified obesity subtypes based on four lifestyle factors (physical activity, diet quality, sedentary time and smoking). Multiple linear regression assessed their association with cardiometabolic factors. RESULTS: Five subtypes of childhood obesity were identified: unhealthy subtype (n = 571; 36.8%), physically active subtype (n = 185; 21.1%), healthy diet subtype (n = 404; 26.1%), smoking subtype (n = 125; 8.1%) and non-sedentary subtype (n = 265; 17.1%). Compared with the unhealthy subtype, the physically active subtype had lower insulin and HOMA-IR levels, and smoking subtype was associated with lower HDL levels. When compared with children with normal weight, all obesity subtypes had worse cardiometabolic profile, except the physically active subtype who had similar DBP, HbA1c and TC levels; smoking subtype who had similar TC levels; and healthy diet and non-sedentary subtypes who had similar DBP levels. CONCLUSION: Children of different lifestyle-based obesity subtypes might have different cardiometabolic risks. Our new classification system might help personalize assessment of childhood obesity.

Synergistic Effect of P Doping and Mo-Ni-Based Heterostructure Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting.

Heterostructure construction and heteroatom doping are powerful strategies for enhancing the electrolytic efficiency of electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Herein, we present a P-doped MoS2/Ni3S2 electrocatalyst on nickel foam (NF) prepared using a one-step hydrothermal method. The optimized P[0.9mM]-MoS2/Ni3S2@NF exhibits a cluster nanoflower-like morphology, which promotes the synergistic electrocatalytic effect of the heterostructures with abundant active centers, resulting in high catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolyte. The electrode exhibits low overpotentials and Tafel slopes for the HER and OER. In addition, the catalyst electrode used in a two-electrode system for overall water splitting requires an ultralow voltage of 1.42 V at 10 mA·cm-2 and shows no obvious increase in current within 35 h, indicating excellent stability. Therefore, the combination of P doping and the heterostructure suggests a novel path to formulate high-performance electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

Sb2S3-Based Dynamically Tuned Color Filter Array via Genetic Algorithm.

Color displays have become increasingly attractive, with dielectric optical nanoantennas demonstrating especially promising applications due to the high refractive index of the material, enabling devices to support geometry-dependent Mie resonance in the visible band. Although many structural color designs based on dielectric nanoantennas employ the method of artificial positive adjustment, the design cycle is too lengthy and the approach is non-intelligent. The commonly used phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is characterized by high absorption and a small contrast to the real part of the refractive index in the visible light band, thereby restricting its application in this range. The Sb2S3 phase change material is endowed with a wide band gap of 1.7 to 2 eV, demonstrating two orders of magnitude lower propagation loss compared to GST, when integrated onto a silicon waveguide, and exhibiting a maximum refractive index contrast close to 1 at 614 nm. Thus, Sb2S3 is a more suitable phase change material than GST for tuning visible light. In this paper, genetic algorithms and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solutions are combined and introduced as Sb2S3 phase change material to design nanoantennas. Structural color is generated in the reflection mode through the Mie resonance inside the structure, and the properties of Sb2S3 in different phase states are utilized to achieve tunability. Compared to traditional methods, genetic algorithms are superior-optimization algorithms that require low computational effort and a high population performance. Furthermore, Sb2S3 material can be laser-induced to switch the transitions of the crystallized and amorphous states, achieving reversible color. The large chromatic aberration ∆E modulation of 64.8, 28.1, and 44.1 was, respectively, achieved by the Sb2S3 phase transition in this paper. Moreover, based on the sensitivity of the structure to the incident angle, it can also be used in fields such as angle-sensitive detectors.

Blood pressure trajectories during pregnancy and preterm delivery: A prospective cohort study in China.

Women's blood pressure (BP) changes throughout pregnancy. The effect of BP trajectories on preterm delivery is not clear. The authors aim to evaluate the association between maternal BP trajectories during pregnancy and preterm delivery. The authors studied pregnant women included in the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study in China between February 2012 and June 2016. Maternal BP was measured at antenatal visits between 13 and 40 gestational weeks, and gestational age of delivery data was collected. The authors used linear mixed models to capture the BP trajectories of women with term, and spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm delivery. BP trajectories of women with various gestational lengths (34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 weeks) were compared. Of the 17 426 women included in the analysis, 618 (3.55%) had spontaneous preterm delivery; 158 (.91%) had iatrogenic preterm delivery; and 16 650 (95.55%) women delivered at term. The BP trajectories were all J-shaped curves for different delivery types. Women with iatrogenic preterm delivery had the highest mean BP from 13 weeks till delivery, followed by those with spontaneous preterm delivery and term delivery (p < .001). Trajectory analysis stratified by maternal parity showed similar results for nulliparous and multiparous women. Excluding women with pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension (GH) significantly attenuated the aforementioned association. Also, women with shorter gestational length tend to have higher BP trajectories during pregnancy. In conclusion, Women with spontaneous preterm delivery have a higher BP from 13 weeks till delivery than women with term delivery, while women with iatrogenic preterm delivery have the highest BP.

Comparative antioxidative responses and proline metabolism in two wheat cultivars under short term lead stress.

This study investigated antioxidative response and proline metabolism in two wheat cultivars (Tritium aestivum Xihan 2 (Xihan) and Ningchun 4 (Ningchun)) under Pb(NO(3))(2) stress. The constitutive H(2)O(2) scavenging enzyme activities and proline content in the leaves of drought-tolerant Xihan are higher than those in drought-sensitive Ningchun. Higher Pb concentration reduced chlorophyll content in both cultivars, but Ningchun was more sensitive to lead toxicity than Xihan. The higher activities of antioxidant enzyme and the significant proline accumulation provide protection for two wheat cultivars against lead toxicity, resulting in unaltered MDA content. Analysis of enzyme activities showed that the accumulation of proline induced by lead stress is due to the increases of OAT and GK activities in Xihan seedlings, and to the increase of GK activity in Ningchun leaves. Therefore, the different mechanism of proline metabolism was associated with increased proline levels in two wheat cultivars when exposed to lead stress.

Diketopyrrolopyrrole Based Organic Semiconductor Materials for Field-Effect Transistors.

Over the past several decades, organic conjugated materials as semiconductors in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) have attracted more and more attention from the scientific community due to their intriguing properties of mechanical flexibility and solution processability. However, the device fabrication technique, design, and synthesis of novel organic semiconductor materials with high charge carrier mobility is crucial for the development of high-performance OFETs. In the past few years, more and more novel materials were designed and tested in the OFETs. Among which, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and its derivatives, as the electron acceptors to build donor-acceptor (D-A) typed materials, are the perspective. In this article, recently reported molecules regarding the DPP and its derivatives for OFETs application are reviewed. In addition, the relationship between the chemical structures and the performance of the device are discussed. Furthermore, an outlook of DPP-based materials in OFETs with a future design concept and the development trend are provided.