Tandem Ring Opening/Intramolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction for the Synthesis of Cyclobutane Fused Thiazolino-2-Pyridones.

Reaction of thiazoline fused 2-pyridones with alkyl halides in the presence of cesium carbonate opens the thiazoline ring via S-alkylation and generates N-alkenyl functionalized 2-pyridones. In the reaction with propargyl bromide, the thiazoline ring opens and subsequently closes via a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between an in situ generated allene and the α,ß-unsaturated methyl ester. This method enabled the synthesis of a variety of cyclobutane fused thiazolino-2-pyridones, of which a few analogues inhibit amyloid ß1-40 fibril formation. Furthermore, other analogues were able to bind mature α-synuclein and amyloid ß1-40 fibrils. Several thiazoline fused 2-pyridones with biological activity tolerate this transformation, which in addition provides an exocyclic alkene as a potential handle for tuning bioactivity.

K2S2O8-mediated coupling of 6-amino-7-aminomethyl-thiazolino-pyridones with aldehydes to construct amyloid affecting pyrimidine-fused thiazolino-2-pyridones.

We herein present the synthesis of diversely functionalized pyrimidine fused thiazolino-2-pyridones via K2S2O8-mediated oxidative coupling of 6-amino-7-(aminomethyl)-thiazolino-2-pyridones with aldehydes. The developed protocol is mild, has wide substrate scope, and does not require transition metal catalyst or base. Some of the synthesized compounds have an ability to inhibit the formation of Amyloid-ß fibrils associated with Alzheimer's disease, while others bind to mature amyloid-ß and α-synuclein fibrils.

Intramolecular Povarov Reactions for the Synthesis of Chromenopyridine Fused 2-Pyridone Polyheterocycles Binding to α-Synuclein and Amyloid-ß Fibrils.

A BF3·OEt2 catalyzed intramolecular Povarov reaction was used to synthesize 15 chromenopyridine fused thiazolino-2-pyridone peptidomimetics. The reaction works with several O-alkylated salicylaldehydes and amino functionalized thiazolino-2-pyridones, to generate polyheterocycles with diverse substitution. The synthesized compounds were screened for their ability to bind α-synuclein and amyloid ß fibrils in vitro. Analogues substituted with a nitro group bind to mature amyloid fibrils, and the activity moreover depends on the positioning of this functional group.

Synthesis of Densely Functionalized N-Alkenyl 2-Pyridones via Benzyne-Induced Ring Opening of Thiazolino-Fused 2-Pyridones.

We report the synthesis of 6-arylthio-substituted-N-alkenyl 2-pyridones by ring opening of bicyclic thiazolino-2-pyridones with arynes. Varied functionalization was used to investigate scope and substituent influences on reactivity. Selected conditions favor thioether ring opening over [4 + 2] cycloaddition and an unusual aryne incorporating ring expansion. Deuterium labeling was used to clarify observed reactivity. Using the knowledge, we produced drug-like molecules with complex substitution patterns and show how thioether ring opening can be used on scaffolds with competing reactivities.

Pyridine-Fused 2-Pyridones via Povarov and A3 Reactions: Rapid Generation of Highly Functionalized Tricyclic Heterocycles Capable of Amyloid Fibril Binding.

We here describe the use of three-component reactions to synthesize tricyclic pyridine ring-fused 2-pyridones. The developed protocols have a wide substrate scope and allow for the installation of diverse chemical functionalities on the tricyclic central fragment. Several of these pyridine-fused rigid polyheterocycles are shown to bind to Aß and α-synuclein fibrils, which are associated with neurodegenerative diseases.