RESUMO
An X-ray crystal structure of one of our previously discovered RORγt inverse agonists bound to the RORγt ligand binding domain revealed that the cyclohexane carboxylic acid group of compound 2 plays a significant role in RORγt binding, forming four hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions with RORγt. SAR studies centered around the cyclohexane carboxylic acid group led to identification of several structurally diverse and more potent compounds, including new carboxylic acid analogues 7 and 20, and cyclic sulfone analogues 34 and 37. Notably, compounds 7 and 20 were found to maintain the desirable pharmacokinetic profile of 2.
Assuntos
Membro 3 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/agonistas , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Sulfonas/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Cristalografia por Raios X , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Humanos , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Pirrolidinas/administração & dosagem , Pirrolidinas/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonas/administração & dosagem , Sulfonas/químicaRESUMO
Current clinical anti-CD40 biologic agents include both antagonist molecules for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and agonist molecules for immuno-oncology, yet the relationship between CD40 epitope and these opposing biological outcomes is not well defined. This report describes the identification of potent antagonist domain antibodies (dAbs) that bind to a novel human CD40-specific epitope that is divergent in the CD40 of nonhuman primates. A similarly selected anti-cynomolgus CD40 dAb recognizing the homologous epitope is also a potent antagonist. Mutagenesis, biochemical, and X-ray crystallography studies demonstrate that the epitope is distinct from that of CD40 agonists. Both the human-specific and cynomolgus-specific molecules remain pure antagonists even when formatted as bivalent Fc-fusion proteins, making this an attractive therapeutic format for targeting hCD40 in autoimmune indications.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD40/imunologia , Epitopos/imunologia , Animais , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Cristalografia por Raios X/métodos , Humanos , Macaca fascicularisRESUMO
Four series of disubstituted carbazole-1-carboxamides were designed and synthesised as inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). 4,7- and 4,6-disubstituted carbazole-1-carboxamides were potent and selective inhibitors of BTK, while 3,7- and 3,6-disubstituted carbazole-1-carboxamides were potent and selective inhibitors of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2).
Assuntos
Amidas/farmacologia , Carbazóis/farmacologia , Desenho de Fármacos , Janus Quinase 2/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Amidas/síntese química , Amidas/química , Carbazóis/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Janus Quinase 2/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The human pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a promiscuous nuclear receptor that functions as a sensor to a wide variety of xenobiotics and regulates expression of several drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. We have generated "Adnectins", derived from 10th fibronectin type III domain ((10)Fn3), that target the PXR ligand binding domain (LBD) interactions with the steroid receptor co-activator-1 (SRC-1) peptide, displacing SRC-1 binding. Adnectins are structurally homologous to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Three different co-crystal structures of PXR LBD with Adnectin-1 and CCR1 (CC chemokine receptor-1) antagonist Compound-1 were determined. This structural information was used to modulate PXR affinity for a related CCR1 antagonist compound that entered into clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis. The structures of PXR with Adnectin-1 reveal specificity of Adnectin-1 in not only targeting the interface of the SRC-1 interactions but also engaging the same set of residues that are involved in binding of SRC-1 to PXR. Substituting SRC-1 with Adnectin-1 does not alter the binding conformation of Compound-1 in the ligand binding pocket. The structure also reveals the possibility of using Adnectins as crystallization chaperones to generate structures of PXR with compounds of interest.
Assuntos
Coativador 1 de Receptor Nuclear/química , Receptores CCR1/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Esteroides/química , Ureia/análogos & derivados , Valina/análogos & derivados , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sítios de Ligação , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Lignanas/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Receptor de Pregnano X , Ligação Proteica , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Receptores CCR1/metabolismo , Alinhamento de Sequência , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície , Ureia/química , Ureia/metabolismo , Ureia/farmacologia , Valina/química , Valina/metabolismo , Valina/farmacologiaRESUMO
High-affinity, functionally potent, urea-based antagonists of CCR1 have been discovered. Modulation of PXR transactivation has revealed the selective and orally bioavailable CCR1 antagonist BMS-817399 (29), which entered clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Descoberta de Drogas , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Receptores CCR1/antagonistas & inibidores , Ureia/análogos & derivados , Valina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Ensaios Clínicos Fase II como Assunto , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Masculino , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Piperidinas/metabolismo , Piperidinas/farmacocinética , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Receptor de Pregnano X , Conformação Proteica , Receptores CCR1/química , Receptores CCR1/metabolismo , Receptores de Esteroides/metabolismo , Especificidade da Espécie , Ureia/metabolismo , Ureia/farmacocinética , Ureia/farmacologia , Ureia/uso terapêutico , Valina/metabolismo , Valina/farmacocinética , Valina/farmacologia , Valina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Investigation of various heterocyclic core isosteres of imidazopyrazines 1 & 2 yielded purine derivatives 3 & 8 as potent and selective BTK inhibitors. Subsequent SAR studies of the purine series led to the discovery of 20 as a leading compound. Compound 20 is very selective when screened against a panel of 400 kinases and is a potent inhibitor in cellular assays of human B cell function including B-Cell proliferation and CD86 cell surface expression and exhibited in vivo efficacy in a mouse PCA model. Its X-ray co-crystal structure with BTK shows that the high selectivity is gained from filling a BTK specific lipophilic pocket. However, physical and ADME properties leading to low oral exposure hindered further development.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Purinas/química , Purinas/farmacologia , Tirosina Quinase da Agamaglobulinemia , Animais , Doenças Autoimunes/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Autoimunes/enzimologia , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Anafilaxia Cutânea Passiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , RatosRESUMO
CD40-CD40L interactions play a critical role in regulating immune responses. Blockade of CD40L by Abs, such as the anti-CD40L Ab 5c8, demonstrated positive clinical effects in patients with autoimmune diseases; however, incidents of thromboembolism (TE) precluded further development of these molecules. In this study, we examined the role of the Fc domain interaction with FcγRs in modulating platelet activation and potential for TE. Our results show that the interaction of the 5c8 wild-type IgG1 Fc domain with FcγRs is responsible for platelet activation, as measured by induction of PAC-1 and CD62P. A version of 5c8 with a mutated IgG1 tail was identified that showed minimal FcγR binding and platelet activation while maintaining full binding to CD40L. To address whether Fc effector function is required for immunosuppression, a potent Ab fragment, termed a "domain Ab" (dAb), against murine CD40L was identified and fused to a murine IgG1 Fc domain containing a D265A mutation that lacks Fc effector function. In vitro, this dAb-Fc demonstrated comparable potency to the benchmark mAb MR-1 in inhibiting B cell and dendritic cell activation. Furthermore, the anti-CD40L dAb-Fc exhibited a notable efficacy comparable to MR-1 in various preclinical models, such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin-induced Ab responses, alloantigen-induced T cell proliferation, "heart-to-ear" transplantation, and NZB × NZW F1 spontaneous lupus. Thus, our data show that immunosuppression and TE can be uncoupled and that a CD40L dAb with an inert Fc tail is expected to be efficacious for treating autoimmune diseases, with reduced risk for TE.
Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Ligante de CD40/imunologia , Ativação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Anticorpos de Domínio Único/farmacologia , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Camundongos , Ativação Plaquetária/imunologia , Receptores de IgG/imunologia , Anticorpos de Domínio Único/imunologia , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície , Tromboembolia/etiologia , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controle , TransfecçãoRESUMO
The synthesis and follow-up SAR studies of our development candidate 1 by incorporating 2-aryl-4-oxazolylmethoxy and 2-aryl-4-thiazolylmethoxy moieties into the oxybenzylglycine framework of the PPARalpha/gamma dual agonist muraglitazar is described. SAR studies indicate that different substituents on the aryloxazole/thiazole moieties as well as the choice of carbamate substituent on the glycine moiety can significantly modulate the selectivity of PPARalpha versus PPARgamma. Potent, highly selective PPARalpha activators 2a and 2l, as well as PPARalpha activators with significant PPARgamma activity, such as 2s, were identified. The in vivo pharmacology of these compounds in preclinical animal models as well as their ADME profiles are discussed.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/síntese química , Glicina/análogos & derivados , PPAR alfa/agonistas , PPAR gama/agonistas , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacocinética , Sítios de Ligação , Cricetinae , Cristalografia por Raios X , Glicina/síntese química , Glicina/farmacocinética , Humanos , Masculino , PPAR alfa/metabolismo , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Biarylamine-based inhibitors of Met kinase have been identified. Lead compounds demonstrate nanomolar potency in Met kinase biochemical assays and significant activity in the Met-driven GTL-16 human gastric carcinoma cell line. X-ray crystallography revealed that these compounds adopt a bioactive conformation, in the kinase domain, consistent with that previously seen with 2-pyridone-based Met kinase inhibitors. Compound 9b demonstrated potent in vivo antitumor activity in the GTL-16 human tumor xenograft model.
Assuntos
Aminas/química , Aminopiridinas/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/antagonistas & inibidores , Aminopiridinas/química , Aminopiridinas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Sítios de Ligação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cristalografia por Raios X , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
An 1,3-oxybenzylglycine based compound 2 (BMS-687453) was discovered to be a potent and selective peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) alpha agonist, with an EC(50) of 10 nM for human PPARalpha and approximately 410-fold selectivity vs human PPARgamma in PPAR-GAL4 transactivation assays. Similar potencies and selectivity were also observed in the full length receptor co-transfection assays. Compound 2 has negligible cross-reactivity against a panel of human nuclear hormone receptors including PPARdelta. Compound 2 demonstrated an excellent pharmacological and safety profile in preclinical studies and thus was chosen as a development candidate for the treatment of atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. The X-ray cocrystal structures of the early lead compound 12 and compound 2 in complex with PPARalpha ligand binding domain (LBD) were determined. The role of the crystal structure of compound 12 with PPARalpha in the development of the SAR that ultimately resulted in the discovery of compound 2 is discussed.
Assuntos
Descoberta de Drogas , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Oxazóis/química , Oxazóis/farmacologia , PPAR alfa/agonistas , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Cricetinae , Cristalografia por Raios X , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Glicina/síntese química , Glicina/química , Glicina/farmacologia , Glicina/toxicidade , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Oxazóis/síntese química , Oxazóis/toxicidade , PPAR alfa/química , PPAR alfa/genética , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Especificidade por Substrato , Ativação Transcricional/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A novel selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) scaffold was discovered as a byproduct obtained during synthesis of our earlier series of imidazolidin-2-ones. The resulting oxazolidin-2-imines are among the most potent SARMs known, with many analogues exhibiting sub-nM in vitro potency in binding and functional assays. Despite the potential for hydrolytic instability at gut pH, compounds of the present class showed good oral bioavailability and were highly active in a standard rodent pharmacological model.
Assuntos
Androgênios , Músculos/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculos/metabolismo , Oxazóis/química , Oxazóis/farmacologia , Animais , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Masculino , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Próstata/efeitos dos fármacos , Próstata/metabolismo , Ratos , Especificidade por SubstratoRESUMO
Substituted N-(4-(2-aminopyridin-4-yloxy)-3-fluoro-phenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamides were identified as potent and selective Met kinase inhibitors. Substitution of the pyridine 3-position gave improved enzyme potency, while substitution of the pyridone 4-position led to improved aqueous solubility and kinase selectivity. Analogue 10 demonstrated complete tumor stasis in a Met-dependent GTL-16 human gastric carcinoma xenograft model following oral administration. Because of its excellent in vivo efficacy and favorable pharmacokinetic and preclinical safety profiles, 10 has been advanced into phase I clinical trials.
Assuntos
Aminopiridinas/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Di-Hidropiridinas/síntese química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/antagonistas & inibidores , Piridonas/síntese química , Administração Oral , Aminopiridinas/farmacocinética , Aminopiridinas/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cristalografia por Raios X , Di-Hidropiridinas/farmacocinética , Di-Hidropiridinas/farmacologia , Cães , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Modelos Moleculares , Piridonas/farmacocinética , Piridonas/farmacologia , Ratos , Solubilidade , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Conformationally constrained 2-pyridone analogue 2 is a potent Met kinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.8 nM. Further SAR of the 2-pyridone based inhibitors of Met kinase led to potent 4-pyridone and pyridine N-oxide inhibitors such as 3 and 4. The X-ray crystallographic data of the inhibitor 2 bound to the ATP binding site of Met kinase protein provided insight into the binding modes of these inhibitors, and the SAR of this series of analogues was rationalized. Many of these analogues showed potent antiproliferative activities against the Met dependent GTL-16 gastric carcinoma cell line. Compound 2 also inhibited Flt-3 and VEGFR-2 kinases with IC50 values of 4 and 27 nM, respectively. It possesses a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in mice and demonstrates significant in vivo antitumor activity in the GTL-16 human gastric carcinoma xenograft model.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Fosfotransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Piridonas/farmacologia , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met , Piridonas/síntese química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
A series of acylurea analogs derived from pyrrolopyridine and aminopyridine scaffolds were identified as potent inhibitors of Met kinase activity. The SAR at various positions of the two kinase scaffolds was investigated. These studies led to the discovery of compounds 3b and 20b, which demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties in mice and significant antitumor activity in a human gastric carcinoma xenograft model.
Assuntos
Aminopiridinas/síntese química , Aminopiridinas/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirróis/síntese química , Pirróis/farmacologia , Ureia/síntese química , Ureia/farmacologia , Aminopiridinas/química , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Pirróis/química , Neoplasias Gástricas/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ureia/análogos & derivados , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
An amide library derived from the pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine scaffold led to the identification of modest inhibitors of Met kinase activity. Introduction of polar side chains at C-6 of the pyrrolotriazine core provided significant improvements in in vitro potency. The amide moiety could be replaced with acylurea and malonamide substituents to give compounds with improved potency in the Met-driven GTL-16 human gastric carcinoma cell line. Acylurea pyrrolotriazines with substitution at C-5 demonstrated single digit nanomolar kinase activity. X-ray crystallography revealed that the C-5 substituted pyrrolotriazines bind to the Met kinase domain in an ATP-competitive manner.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirróis/química , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Triazinas/química , Animais , Células CACO-2/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/antagonistas & inibidores , Glutationa Transferase/antagonistas & inibidores , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Conformação Proteica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/sangue , Neoplasias Gástricas/enzimologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) carboxylase isozyme 1 (ACC1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase isozyme 2 (ACC2) are critical for de novo fatty acid synthesis and for the regulation of beta-oxidation. Emerging evidence indicates that one or both isozymes might be therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. One of the major obstacles in the field is the lack of readily-available source of recombinant human ACC enzymes to support systematic drug discovery efforts. Here, we describe an efficient and optimal protocol for expressing and isolating recombinant mammalian ACCs with high yield and purity. The resultant human ACC2, human ACC1, and rat ACC2 possess high specific activities, are properly biotinylated, and exhibit kinetic parameters very similar to the native ACC enzymes. We believe that the current study paves a road to a systematic approach for drug design revolving around the ACC inhibition mechanism.
Assuntos
Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/biossíntese , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/isolamento & purificação , Isoenzimas/biossíntese , Isoenzimas/isolamento & purificação , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/antagonistas & inibidores , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/metabolismo , Animais , Baculoviridae , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Ácido Cítrico/farmacologia , Clonagem Molecular/métodos , Humanos , Isoenzimas/antagonistas & inibidores , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Cinética , Malonil Coenzima A/farmacologia , Ratos , Proteínas Recombinantes/isolamento & purificação , Estreptavidina/químicaRESUMO
A novel, highly potent, orally active, nonsteroidal tissue selective androgen receptor (AR) modulator (BMS-564929) has been identified, and this compound has been advanced to clinical trials for the treatment of age-related functional decline. BMS-564929 is a subnanomolar AR agonist in vitro, is highly selective for the AR vs. other steroid hormone receptors, and exhibits no significant interactions with SHBG or aromatase. Dose response studies in castrated male rats show that BMS-564929 is substantially more potent than testosterone (T) in stimulating the growth of the levator ani muscle, and unlike T, highly selective for muscle vs. prostate. Key differences in the binding interactions of BMS-564929 with the AR relative to the native hormones were revealed through x-ray crystallography, including several unique contacts located in specific helices of the ligand binding domain important for coregulatory protein recruitment. Results from additional pharmacological studies effectively exclude alternative mechanistic contributions to the observed tissue selectivity of this unique, orally active androgen. Because concerns regarding the potential hyperstimulatory effects on prostate and an inconvenient route of administration are major drawbacks that limit the clinical use of T, the potent oral activity and tissue selectivity exhibited by BMS-564929 are expected to yield a clinical profile that provides the demonstrated beneficial effects of T in muscle and other tissues with a more favorable safety window.
Assuntos
Imidazóis/síntese química , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Próstata/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirróis/síntese química , Pirróis/farmacologia , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Testosterona/análogos & derivados , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Animais , Aromatase/metabolismo , Ligação Competitiva , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cristalografia por Raios X , Di-Hidrotestosterona/química , Di-Hidrotestosterona/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imidazóis/metabolismo , Ligantes , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Orquiectomia , Próstata/fisiologia , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Pirróis/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores Androgênicos/química , Receptores Androgênicos/genética , Testosterona/química , Testosterona/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica/fisiologiaRESUMO
A novel, N-aryl-bicyclohydantoin selective androgen receptor modulator scaffold was discovered through structure-guided modifications of androgen receptor antagonists. A prototype compound (7R,7aS)-10b from this series is a potent and highly tissue-selective agonist of the androgen receptor. After oral dosing in a rat atrophied levator ani muscle model, (7R,7aS)-10b demonstrated efficacy at restoring levator ani muscle mass to that of intact controls and exhibited >50-fold selectivity for muscle over prostate.
Assuntos
Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos com Pontes/farmacologia , Hidantoínas/farmacologia , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Atrofia Muscular/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Administração Oral , Animais , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos com Pontes/síntese química , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos com Pontes/química , Células Cultivadas , Di-Hidrotestosterona/farmacologia , Humanos , Hidantoínas/administração & dosagem , Hidantoínas/síntese química , Hidantoínas/química , Luciferases/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Músculo Esquelético/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Mioblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ativação TranscricionalRESUMO
A novel series of isoindoledione based compounds were identified as potent antagonists of the androgen receptor (AR). Co-crystallization of members of this family of inhibitors was successfully accomplished with the T877A AR LBD. A working model of how this class of compounds functions to antagonize the AR was created. Based on this model, it was proposed that expanding the bicyclic portion of the molecule should result in analogs which function as effective antagonists against a variety of AR isoforms. In contrast to what was predicted by the model, SAR around this new series was dictated by the aniline portion rather than the bicyclic portion of the molecule.