Evaluation of the Impact of Oral Health on the Daily Activities of Users of the National Health System.

BACKGROUND: the integration of dentistry services in the Unified Health System in Brazil (SUS) is essential in primary care assistance. OBJECTIVE: we aimed to develop a tool for improving demand flowby evaluating the impact of oral health on the daily activities of users of the Family Health Unitusing the Oral Impacts of Daily Performance (OIDP)tool. METHODS: In Barretos, Brazil, a cross-sectional study was conducted at a Family Health Unit (FHU)including patients over 12 years old. Oral health impact was assessed using the Oral Impacts of Daily Performance (OIDP) tool, and family risk was measured with the Coelho-Savassi scale. RESULTS: 430 participants, including 411 adults and 19 young people, were recruited. Of the adults, 31% had an average OIDP score of 16.61. For young people, 53% reported an impact (average OIDP score: 28.61). Family risk (R1) was prevalent in 57.9% of young people and 53.3% of adults. Among adults, different activities were affected by risk: smiling without embarrassment (risk level 2), enjoying contact with people (risk level 3), and performing one's job or social role (risk level 1). Emotional state (R3) had the lowest OIDP score (p = 0.029). CONCLUSION: implementation of the OIDP scale in clinical practice enhances healthcare planning and ensures better-quality and equitable services, thus emphasizing comprehensive oral healthcare within the SUS.

Fatores de risco associados à osteorradionecrose dos maxilares em pacientes com câncer de cavidade oral e orofaringe / Risk factors associated with osteoradionecrosis of the mandible in patients with cancer pf oral cavity and oropharynx

Introdução: A osteorradionecrose dos maxilares (ORN) é uma conhecida complicação relacionada à radioterapia, tendo grande impacto e podendo acometer indivíduos submetidos a radioterapia para tratamento de câncer da cavidade oral associado a uma condição dental desfavorável. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e determinar a influência de fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos associados à ORN em indivíduos com câncer de cavidade oral e orofaringe submetidos a radioterapia atendidos no Departamento de Odontologia do Hospital de Câncer de Barretos entre os anos de 2007-2017. Material e método: Trata-se de um estudo caso-controle com coleta de dados retrospectivos em prontuários. Resultado: Os dados coletados correspodem a 83 prontuários selecionados, sendo 31 correspondentes ao grupo caso e 52 correspondentes ao grupo controle. Evidenciou-se uma média (desvio padrão) de idade para indivíduos dos grupos caso e controle de 65,44 (7,49) e 65,02 (10,08), respectivamente. Em ambos os grupos houve predominância do sexo masculino. A média (desvio padrão) do intervalo entre a última sessão de radioterapia e a data do diagnóstico de ORN foi de 26,42 (27,51) meses. A presença de doença periodontal no diagnóstico [OR=6,253; (IC95%1,25-31,12; p=0,025)] e exodontia [OR = 6,148; (IC95%) 1,14-26,23; p= 0,014) após radioterapia resultou em uma maior chance de desenvolver a ORN. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que os principais fatores de risco para desenvolvimento da ORN em indivíduos com câncer de cavidade oral e orofaringe são exodontia após radioterapia e presença de periodontite no diagnóstico.

Introduction: Osteoradionecrosis of the mandible (ORNM) is a well-known complication related to radiotherapy that can affect patients undergoing radiotherapy to treat oral cavity cancer associated with an unfavorable dental condition. Objective: This study aimed to assess and determine the influence of sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with osteoradionecrosis on patients with cancer of oral cavity and oropharynx undergoing radiotherapy treated at the Department of Dentistry of the Barretos Cancer Hospital between 2007- 2017. Materials and method: This is a case-control study with retrospective data collection from medical records. Result: The data were collected from 83 medical records, 31 corresponding to the case group and 52 corresponding to the control group. The patients in the case and control groups were aged in average (standard deviation) 65.44 (7.49) and 65.02 (10.08) years, respectively. Both groups had a predominance of male individuals. The mean (standard deviation) interval between the last radiotherapy session and the date of osteoradionecrosis diagnosis was 26.42 (27.51) months. The presence of periodontal disease at diagnosis [OR = 6,253; (95% CI 1.25-31.12; p = 0.025)] and tooth extraction [OR = 6.148; (95% CI) 1.14-26.23; p = 0.014] after radiotherapy resulted in greater chances of developing osteoradionecrosis. Conclusion: Based on our results, extraction after radiotherapy and the presence of periodontitis in the diagnosis of patients with cancer of oral cavity and oropharynx are the main risk factors for the development of osteoradionecrosis.

Endo-perio lesions prevalence in non-molar and molar teeth: a pilot study / Prevalência de lesões endo-perio em dentes não-molares e molares: um estudo piloto

Introduction Pulp and periodontal tissues may communicate and, in pathological situations, combined endodontic-periodontal lesions may be established. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of endo-perio lesions in non-molar and molar teeth referred for endodontic treatment. Material and method The sample consisted of 104 teeth evaluated in 79 consecutive patients in a cross-sectional design. Visible plaque, probing depth, and bleeding on probing were evaluated. Endodontic evaluation included the presence or absence of caries, fistulas, pain, and pulp sensitivity. The presence/absence of periapical lesion, bone loss in the furcation region, and proximal area were evaluated. Result The results showed that pain was the main reason for seeking dental care in 63.3% of patients. The molar teeth demonstrated higher presence of probing depth (PD) ≥ 7 mm (38.3%) and higher PD mean (6.17 mm) than non-molar teeth (P<0.05). It was verified that 65.4% of the teeth were diagnosed with a primary endodontic lesion and that the periodontal component was present in 34.6% of the teeth, either in a primary (10.6%), secondary (11.5%), or combined form (12.5%). True combined endodontic-periodontal lesion occurred significantly in molar teeth compared to non-molar teeth (p<0.05). Conclusion The primary endodontic lesion was found in a greater proportion in teeth referred for endodontic treatment; however, approximately 1/3 of the sample had periodontal involvement, which demonstrates the importance of the periodontal examination together with the general clinical examination.

Introdução Os tecidos pulpar e periodontal podem se comunicar e, em situações patológicas, podem-se estabelecer lesões endodônticas-periodontais combinadas. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de lesões endo-perio em dentes não molares e molares encaminhados para tratamento endodôntico. Material e método A amostra consistiu de 104 dentes avaliados em 79 pacientes consecutivos em um desenho transversal. Placa visível, profundidade de sondagem e sangramento à sondagem foram avaliados. A avaliação endodôntica incluiu a presença ou ausência de cáries, fístulas, dor e sensibilidade pulpar. Foram avaliados a presença / ausência de lesão periapical, perda óssea em região de furca e área proximal. Resultado Os resultados mostraram que a dor foi o principal motivo de procura de atendimento odontológico em 63,3% dos pacientes. Os dentes molares demonstraram maior presença de profundidade de sondagem (PS) ≥ 7 mm (38,3%) e maior média de PS (6,17 mm) do que os dentes não molares (P <0,05). Verificou-se que 65,4% dos dentes tinham diagnóstico de lesão endodôntica primária e que o componente periodontal estava presente em 34,6% dos dentes, seja na forma primária (10,6%), secundária (11,5%) ou combinada (12,5%). Lesão endodôntica-periodontal combinada verdadeira ocorreu significativamente em dentes molares em comparação com os dentes não molares (p <0,05). Conclusão A lesão endodôntica primária foi encontrada em maior proporção nos dentes encaminhados para tratamento endodôntico; entretanto, aproximadamente 1/3 da amostra apresentava acometimento periodontal, o que demonstra a importância do exame periodontal em conjunto com o exame clínico geral.

Evaluation of recurrence of periodontal disease after treatment in obese and normal weight patients: Two-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Obesity may represent a chronic low-grade inflammation, but there is a lack of long-term longitudinal studies. The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the recurrence of periodontal disease in obese and normal weight patients submitted to scaling and root planing. METHODS: The study included 22 patients who had received periodontal treatment 2 years previously, 13 obese and nine non-obese. The patients were evaluated for anthropometric measurements of body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and fat percentage through bioimpedance. The following periodontal parameters were recorded: visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). The immunological evaluation analyzed the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). RESULTS: Obese and normal weight patients did not differ in relation to the periodontal parameters of VPI, GBI, PD, CAL, or BOP 2 years after completion of the periodontal therapy. Sites with periodontitis in obese individuals showed higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the gingival fluid (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Obese and normal weight individuals had similar periodontal behaviors, with low recurrence of the periodontal disease; however, obesity was related to increased inflammatory activity in gingival fluid, which may become a risk indicator for future greater recurrence of the disease in the presence of inadequate plaque control.

Estudo in vitro e in vivo de sondas periodontais do tipo Williams disponíveis no mercado brasileiro / In vitro and in vivo study of Williams-type periodontal probes available in the Brazilian market

Resumo Introdução A sonda periodontal é a melhor ferramenta para o diagnóstico clínico da doença periodontal, porém o desenho da sonda pode influenciar nos resultados. Objetivo Avaliar as características estruturais de sondas periodontais do tipo Williams disponíveis no mercado brasileiro e avaliar sua utilização clínica durante a sondagem periodontal. Material e método Os grupos de sondas foram divididos em: 1) Hu-Friedy® (n = 15); 2) Trinity® (n = 15); 3) Fava® (n = 15); 4) Millennium® (n = 15). Foram avaliados in vitro: peso (g), diâmetro da ponta ativa (mm), diâmetro do cabo (mm) e milimetragem das sondas (mm). Para o estudo in vivo, foram selecionados 10 participantes que apresentavam pelo menos quatro dentes com periodontite. As marcas de sondas foram codificadas em A, B, C e D para o cegamento do examinador. Resultado Verificou-se um diâmetro da ponta ativa sugestivo de forma tridimensional cônica para as marcas Trinity®, Hu-Friedy® e Millennium®, com conicidade crescente, enquanto a marca Fava® revelou forma tridimensional cilíndrico/paralelo. A sonda Fava® apresentou os maiores diâmetros nos terços inicial e médio, enquanto a Hu-Friedy® revelou menor diâmetro no terço inicial. Todas as sondas apresentaram milimetragem similar. No estudo clínico, verificou-se que a sonda Fava® resultou em menor média de profundidade de sondagem do que às demais. Conclusão As sondas periodontais apresentam diferenças estruturais que devem ser consideradas durante a seleção do instrumento, sendo que as sondas cônicas apresentam resultados mais confiáveis à prática clínica, pois o desenho da sonda interfere diretamente no diagnóstico clínico da doença periodontal.

Abstract Introduction The periodontal probe is the best tool for the clinical diagnosis of periodontal disease; however the probe design can influence the results. Objective To evaluate the structural characteristics of Williams-type periodontal probes available in the Brazilian market and evaluate their clinical use during periodontal probing. Material and method The probe groups were divided into: 1) Hu-Friedy® (n=15); 2) Trinity® (n=15); 3) Fava® (n=15); 4) Millennium® (n=15). In vitro analyzes were performed: weight (g), diameter of the active tip (mm), cable diameter (mm) and millimeter of the probes (mm). For the in vivo study, 10 participants were selected who had at least four teeth with periodontitis. The probe marks were coded in A, B, C and D for the examiner's blinding. Result There was a diameter of the active tip suggestive of a conical three-dimensional shape for the Trinity®, Hu-Friedy® and Millennium®, with increasing taper, while the Fava® tip demonstrated a suggestive diameter of a cylindrical / parallel three-dimensional shape. The Fava® probe showed the largest diameters in the initial and middle thirds, while the Hu-Friedy® revealed the smallest diameter in the initial third. All the probes presented similar milimeter. In the clinical study, it was found that the Fava® probe resulted in a lower average of probing depth than the others. Conclusion Periodontal probes have structural differences that must be considered during the selection of the instrument, and the conical probes present more reliable results to clinical practice, since the design of the probe directly interferes with the clinical diagnosis of periodontal disease.

The Children's International Mucositis Evaluation Scale Is Valid and Reliable for the Assessment of Mucositis Among Brazilian Children With Cancer.

BACKGROUND: The Children's International Mucositis Evaluation Scale (ChIMES) is considered a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of mucositis in pediatric patients aged 0-18 years. OBJECTIVE: To perform the translation and cultural adaptation of ChIMES to Brazilian Portuguese and assess its psychometric properties. METHODS: Methods for translation and cultural adaptation were used. Other measurements obtained concomitantly for the assessment of psychometric properties included the Oral Mucositis Daily Questionnaire, a visual analog scale, the World Health Organization grading scale for mucositis, and the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events toxicity scale. For test-retest analysis, patients and guardians responded to the self-report and proxy versions of ChIMES within intervals of one to seven days. RESULTS: Regarding internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha (α) values were 0.769 (95% CI = 0.631-0.868) and 0.879 (95% CI = 0.872-0.920) for the self-reported and proxy versions, respectively. The convergent validity criteria were met for the self-reported and proxy versions (Spearman's rho = 0.466-0.751; P < 0.001 and Spearman's rho = 0.410-0.551; P < 0.001, respectively). Test-retest reliability assessment for the total score and Items 1, 2, 3, and 4 in both versions showed an intraclass correlation coefficient of ≥0.7. CONCLUSIONS: The Portuguese self-reported and proxy versions of ChIMES were considered to be culturally adapted, valid, and reliable for Brazilian pediatric patients ranging from an age of one month to 18 years and were named ChIMES-BR.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) into Portuguese (Brazil) to evaluate patients with head and neck cancer / Tradução e adaptação cultural da Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) para a língua portuguesa (Brasil) para avaliação de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço

Abstract Introduction: Head and neck cancer is the sixth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide and its treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. The surgical procedure may cause mutilating sequelae, that can alter patient self-image. Thus, head and neck cancer is often connected to the negative stigma with decreased quality of life. Few studies assess the social stigma and shame perceived by patients with head and neck cancer. Objective: To perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) into Portuguese (Brazil). Methods: Two independent translations (English into Portuguese) were carried out by two professionals fluent in the English language. After the synthesis of the translations, two independent back-translations (from Portuguese into English) were performed by two translators whose native language is English. All translations were critically assessed by a committee of experts consisting of five members. A sample of 15 patients answered the Brazilian Portuguese version of the SSS to carry out the pretest. At this step, the patients were able to suggest modifications and evaluate the understanding of the items. Results: There was no need to change the scale after this step. Based on the previous steps, we obtained the Portuguese (Brazil) version of the SSS, which was called "Escala de Vergonha e Estigma". Conclusion: The Portuguese (Brazil) version of the SSP was shown to be adequate to be applied to the population with HNC and, therefore, the psychometric properties of the tool will be evaluated during following steps.

Resumo Introdução: O câncer de cabeça e pescoço corresponde à sexta causa de morte por câncer no mundo; seu tratamento pode envolver cirurgia, quimio e/ou radioterapia, a cirurgia pode acarretar sequelas mutiladoras, pode alterar a autoimagem do paciente. Assim, o câncer de cabeça e pescoço é muitas vezes ligado ao estigma negativo, com diminuição da qualidade de vida. Poucos instrumentos avaliam o estigma social e a vergonha percebidos por pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente a Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) para o português/Brasil. Método: Fizeram-se duas traduções independentes (do inglês para o português) por dois profissionais fluentes na língua inglesa. Após a síntese das traduções, duas retrotraduções independentes (do português para o inglês) foram feitas por dois tradutores cuja língua materna é o inglês. Todas as traduções foram analisadas criticamente por um comitê de especialistas composto por cinco membros. Uma amostra de 15 pacientes respondeu à versão em português/Brasil da SSS para o pré-teste. Nessa etapa, os pacientes puderam sugerir modificações e avaliar o entendimento dos itens. Resultados: Não houve necessidade de alteração da escala após essa fase. A partir das etapas anteriores, obteve-se a versão em português/Brasil da SSS, denominada de Escala de Vergonha e Estigma. Conclusão: A versão em português/Brasil da SSS se mostrou apta para ser aplicada na população com câncer de cabeça e pescoço; portanto, as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento serão avaliadas na etapa seguinte.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD) to evaluate quality of life in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To translate and perform the cultural adaptation of the tool Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD) to the Portuguese language. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study, with translation and cultural adaptation of the assessment tool performed according to international guidelines and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) protocol group. It involved eight experts, six from Brazil, one from Portugal and one from the United States. After translation and back-translation of the tool, the semantic analysis process was carried out. We randomly included 20 women aged between 18 and 70 years with altered cervical cytology exam, seen at the Department of Prevention and Gynecologic Oncology - Hospital de Câncer de Barretos. RESULTS: The sample consisted of women with low education level. In the first pre-test, ten women participated and half of them considered the questions CD1, CD2 and CD3 as difficult, because they did not understand the meaning of the term "pelvic area". The question CD5, "I worry about spreading the infection", was also considered difficult to understand by five women. After the reconsideration of the expert committee and FACIT group, the second pre-test was performed. At this stage, we concluded that the previously raised understanding problems had been solved. CONCLUSION: The translated version of FACIT-CD in universal Portuguese language is equivalent to the original version in English and was easily understood by patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. OBJETIVO: Traduzir e adaptar o instrumento Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD), para a língua portuguesa. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, transversal, com metodologia de tradução e adaptação cultural de instrumento de avaliação, realizado por meio de diretrizes internacionais e seguindo o protocolo do grupo Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT). Envolveu oito especialistas, sendo seis nativos do Brasil, um de Portugal e um dos Estados Unidos. Ao término do processo de tradução e retrotradução, deu-se início ao processo de análise semântica. Foram incluídas aleatoriamente 20 mulheres entre 18 e 70 anos com exame de citologia cervical alterado, atendidas no Departamento de Prevenção e Ginecologia Oncológica do Hospital de Câncer de Barretos. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por mulheres com baixa escolaridade. No primeiro pré-teste participaram dez mulheres, sendo que a metade considerou as questões CD1, CD2 e CD3 difíceis por não compreenderem o significado do termo "região pélvica". A questão CD5, "Estou preocupada em disseminar a infecção", também foi considerada de difícil entendimento por cinco mulheres. Após as reconsiderações do comitê de especialistas e do grupo FACIT, foi realizado o segundo pré-teste. Nesta fase, pode-se concluir que os problemas de entendimento anteriores foram resolvidos. CONCLUSÃO: A versão traduzida do FACIT-CD é equivalente à versão original em inglês e em língua portuguesa universal, sendo facilmente compreendida pelas pacientes com neoplasia intraepitelial cervical.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD) to evaluate quality of life in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia / Tradução e adaptação cultural do Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD) para avaliar qualidade de vida em mulheres com neoplasia intraepitelial cervical

ABSTRACT Objective To translate and perform the cultural adaptation of the tool Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD) to the Portuguese language. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study, with translation and cultural adaptation of the assessment tool performed according to international guidelines and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) protocol group. It involved eight experts, six from Brazil, one from Portugal and one from the United States. After translation and back-translation of the tool, the semantic analysis process was carried out. We randomly included 20 women aged between 18 and 70 years with altered cervical cytology exam, seen at the Department of Prevention and Gynecologic Oncology - Hospital de Câncer de Barretos. Results The sample consisted of women with low education level. In the first pre-test, ten women participated and half of them considered the questions CD1, CD2 and CD3 as difficult, because they did not understand the meaning of the term "pelvic area". The question CD5, "I worry about spreading the infection", was also considered difficult to understand by five women. After the reconsideration of the expert committee and FACIT group, the second pre-test was performed. At this stage, we concluded that the previously raised understanding problems had been solved. Conclusion The translated version of FACIT-CD in universal Portuguese language is equivalent to the original version in English and was easily understood by patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar o instrumento Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD), para a língua portuguesa. Métodos Estudo descritivo, transversal, com metodologia de tradução e adaptação cultural de instrumento de avaliação, realizado por meio de diretrizes internacionais e seguindo o protocolo do grupo Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT). Envolveu oito especialistas, sendo seis nativos do Brasil, um de Portugal e um dos Estados Unidos. Ao término do processo de tradução e retrotradução, deu-se início ao processo de análise semântica. Foram incluídas aleatoriamente 20 mulheres entre 18 e 70 anos com exame de citologia cervical alterado, atendidas no Departamento de Prevenção e Ginecologia Oncológica do Hospital de Câncer de Barretos. Resultados A amostra foi composta por mulheres com baixa escolaridade. No primeiro pré-teste participaram dez mulheres, sendo que a metade considerou as questões CD1, CD2 e CD3 difíceis por não compreenderem o significado do termo "região pélvica". A questão CD5, "Estou preocupada em disseminar a infecção", também foi considerada de difícil entendimento por cinco mulheres. Após as reconsiderações do comitê de especialistas e do grupo FACIT, foi realizado o segundo pré-teste. Nesta fase, pode-se concluir que os problemas de entendimento anteriores foram resolvidos. Conclusão A versão traduzida do FACIT-CD é equivalente à versão original em inglês e em língua portuguesa universal, sendo facilmente compreendida pelas pacientes com neoplasia intraepitelial cervical.

Periodontal Disease and Body Weight Assessment in Children.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess body weight and periodontal disease development in obese and normal weight children. METHODS: Eighty-eight 5- to 10-year-old children participated in this study. Periodontal measurements included the visible plaque index (VPI), community periodontal index (CPI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Complete periodontal examinations were performed in some children with CPI codes three and four. Anthropometric examination consisted of body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), which was adjusted by age according to percentiles. The groups were divided into children of normal weight (N=43, BMI less than 85 per age) and obese children (N=45, BMI greater than 97 per age). RESULTS: The results showed that the obesity group showed significant proportions of CPI codes one (44.2%) and three (7.4%), when compared with normal weight subjects (P<0.05). VPI was similar between both groups (P>0.05). BOP was higher in obese patients than in children with normal weight (P<0.05). CPI zero was more prevalent in normal weight subjects (62.6%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Obese children seem to be more susceptible to periodontal disease.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) into Portuguese (Brazil) to evaluate patients with head and neck cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Head and neck cancer is the sixth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide and its treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. The surgical procedure may cause mutilating sequelae, that can alter patient self-image. Thus, head and neck cancer is often connected to the negative stigma with decreased quality of life. Few studies assess the social stigma and shame perceived by patients with head and neck cancer. OBJECTIVE: To perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) into Portuguese (Brazil). METHODS: Two independent translations (English into Portuguese) were carried out by two professionals fluent in the English language. After the synthesis of the translations, two independent back-translations (from Portuguese into English) were performed by two translators whose native language is English. All translations were critically assessed by a committee of experts consisting of five members. A sample of 15 patients answered the Brazilian Portuguese version of the SSS to carry out the pretest. At this step, the patients were able to suggest modifications and evaluate the understanding of the items. RESULTS: There was no need to change the scale after this step. Based on the previous steps, we obtained the Portuguese (Brazil) version of the SSS, which was called "Escala de Vergonha e Estigma". CONCLUSION: The Portuguese (Brazil) version of the SSP was shown to be adequate to be applied to the population with HNC and, therefore, the psychometric properties of the tool will be evaluated during following steps.

Oral conditions and body weight in children from a public school in Manaus, AM, Brazil / Condições orais e peso corporal em crianças de uma escola pública de Manaus, AM, Brasil

Introduction: Some studies have pointed to links between the prevalence of caries and periodontal disease, and the occurrence of overweight or obesity; but, few studies have been conducted in children. Objective: To assess the relationship between periodontal disease, tooth decay and body weight in children from a public school in Manaus, AM, Brazil. Material and method: The study included one hundred and sixty-nine children. Records were obtained of decayed, missing and filled (DMFT) permanent teeth, and of decayed, extracted, or filled (DEF) deciduous teeth, as well as the record of the community periodontal index (CPI). The classification of body weight category was obtained in percentile using the z-Score table. Result: Higher averages of weight and body mass index (BMI) were seen in the overweight and obesity groups (p<0.05). All groups were similar regarding the DMFT /DEF and CPI codes from 0 to 4 (p>0.05). All groups showed higher averages of CPI 0 in comparison with other CPI codes from 1 to 4 (p<0.05), and most of the children showed sites with probing depth <3.5 mm and without bleeding on probing. Conclusion: There was no relationship between body weight and the occurrence of dental caries and periodontal disease in the studied population. Obesity and overweight showed no negative influence on the increase in the prevalence of these diseases.

Introdução: Estudos têm apontado para relações existentes entre prevalência de cárie e doença periodontal e ocorrência de sobrepeso ou obesidade, porém poucos estudos foram conduzidos em crianças. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre doença periodontal, cárie e peso corporal em crianças de uma escola pública de Manaus – AM, Brasil. Material e método: Cento e sessenta e nove crianças foram incluídas no estudo. Registros foram obtidos, tais como, dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados na dentição permanente (CPO-D) e cariados, com extração indicada e obturados em decíduos (ceo), além do registro do índice periodontal comunitário (CPI). A classificação da categoria de peso corporal foi obtida em percentil pela tabela Escore-z. Resultado: Maiores médias de peso e índice de massa corporal (IMC) foram verificados nos grupos com sobrepeso e obesidade (p<0,05). Todos os grupos foram semelhantes com relação aos códigos do CPO-D/ceo e CPI de 0 a 4 (p>0,05). Todos os grupos apresentaram maiores médias de CPI 0 em comparação aos demais códigos CPI de 1 a 4 (p<0,05), ou seja, a maioria das crianças apresentou sítios com profundidade de sondagem <3,5 mm e sem sangramento à sondagem. Conclusão: Não houve relação entre o peso corporal com a ocorrência de cárie dental e doença periodontal nessa população estudada. A obesidade e o sobrepeso não mostraram influência negativa para o aumento da prevalência dessas doenças.

Lipid profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in obese and non-obese subjects undergoing non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Periodontal treatment may improve the metabolic control of dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in obese and non-obese patients undergoing periodontal therapy. Patients with generalized chronic periodontitis were divided into obese (n = 28) and non-obese groups (n = 26). The periodontal parameters (visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing), anthropometric measurements (body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat), and serum analyses (triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and hs-CRP) were measured at baseline and 90 days after periodontal treatment. The results showed that the obese subjects presented alterations in triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and hs-CRP at baseline when compared with non-obese patients (P < 0.05). Periodontal treatment could improve the periodontal parameters in both groups similarly (P > 0.05). Obese subjects showed a significant decrease in the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and hs-CRP post-therapy (P < 0.05), while non-obese patients showed improvement only in hs-CRP (P < 0.05). In conclusion, periodontal treatment could improve the periodontal parameters and circulating hs-CRP in obese and non-obese subjects. Lipid profile was modified only in obese patients post-therapy. (J Oral Sci 58, 423-430, 2016).

Understanding the Differences Between Oncology Patients and Oncology Health Professionals Concerning Spirituality/Religiosity: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study investigated whether spirituality/religiosity (S/R) plays an important role in the lives of cancer patients and in the work of health professionals who provide care for these patients. The correlations between spiritual quality of life (QOL) and the other QOL domain scores of patients and health professionals were also assessed. Moreover, QOL domain scores were compared between patients and health professionals. In this cross-sectional study, 1050 participants (525 oncology patients and 525 health professionals) were interviewed. Quality of life was assessed with the World Health Organization quality of life spiritual, religious, and personal beliefs (WHOQOL-SRPB). To compare the groups with respect to the instruments' domains, a quantile regression and an analysis of covariance model were used. The WHOQOL-Bref and WHOQOL-SRPB domains were correlated by performing Pearson and partial correlation tests. It was demonstrated that 94.1% of patients considered it important that health professionals addressed their spiritual beliefs, and 99.2% of patients relied on S/R to face cancer. Approximately, 99.6% of the patients reported that S/R support is necessary during cancer treatment; 98.3% of health professionals agreed that spiritual and religious support was necessary for oncology patients. Positive correlations between spiritual QOL and the other QOL domains were observed. When compared among themselves, patients exhibited significantly higher levels of spiritual QOL. In conclusion, S/R was an important construct in the minds of cancer patients and health professionals. Both groups often use S/R resources in their daily lives, which seems to positively affect their perceptions of QOL. Further studies are needed to determine how health professionals effectively address S/R during oncology practice.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese of the Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey version 2.0 (VHNSS 2.0) for the assessment of oral symptoms in head and neck cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy / Tradução e adaptação cultural para o português (Brasil) do instrumento Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey version 2.0 (VHNSS 2.0) para avaliação de sintomas orais em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos à radioterapia

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Patients submitted to radiotherapy for the treatment of head and neck cancer have several symptoms, predominantly oral. The Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey version 2.0 is an American tool developed to evaluate oral symptoms in head and neck cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to translate the Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey version 2.0 into Brazilian Portuguese and cross-culturally adapt this tool for subsequent validation and application in Brazil. METHODS: A method used for the translation and cultural adaptation of tools, which included independent translations, synthesis of the translations, back-translations, expert committee, and pre-test, was used. The pre-test was performed with 37 head and neck cancer patients, who were divided into four groups, to assess the relevance and understanding of the assessed items. Data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS: The overall mean of the content validity index was 0.79 for semantic and idiomatic equivalence, and it was higher than 0.8 for cultural and conceptual equivalence. The cognitive interview showed that patients were able to paraphrase the items, and considered them relevant and easily understood. CONCLUSION: The tool was translated and cross-culturally adapted to be used in Brazil. The authors believe this translation is suited for validation.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes submetidos à radioterapia para tratamento de câncer de cabeça e pescoço apresentam diversos sintomas, com predominância de sintomas orais. O Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey version 2.0 é um instrumento americano que foi desenvolvido para avaliar sintomas orais em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos à radioterapia. OBJETIVO: Traduzir o Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey version 2.0 e adaptá-lo culturalmente para subsequente validação e aplicação no Brasil. MÉTODO: Um método de tradução e adaptação cultural de instrumentos foi utilizado, o qual inclui traduções independentes, síntese das traduções, retrotraduções, comitê de especialistas e pré-teste. O pré-teste foi realizado em 37 pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço divididos em quatro grupos para avaliar a relevância e entendimento dos itens. Dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: A média geral do índice de validade de conteúdo foi 0,79 para as equivalências semânticas e idiomáticas; e maior que 0,8 para as equivalências cultural e conceitual. A entrevista cognitiva mostrou que os pacientes foram capazes de parafrasear os itens e os consideravam relevante e de fácil entendimento. CONCLUSÃO: O instrumento foi traduzido e adaptado culturalmente ao Brasil. Nós acreditamos que esta tradução está apta para a validação.

The Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey Brazilian Portuguese version 2.0 (VHNSS 2.0): psychometric properties for patients with head and neck cancer who have undergone radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Patients who undergo radiotherapy to treat head and neck cancer can present with several symptoms, including oral ones. The symptoms are usually assessed using instruments to evaluate quality of life. However, these instruments do not really assess oral health outcomes and their functional implications. The VHNSS 2.0 instrument was developed to be used with head and neck cancer patients, and has recently been translated and culturally adapted to be used in Brazil. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the VHNSS 2.0 Brazilian Portuguese version. METHODS: Three assessment instruments, the Brazilian Portuguese versions of EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC H&N 35 and VHNSS 2.0, were answered by 241 head and neck cancer patients, of whom 47 were submitted to the test retest in 5-16 days. The construct validity was assessed through convergent validation (assuming correlations between VHNSS 2.0 and EORTC), and known group analysis (radiotherapy time, site of tumor, staging and surgery). Reliability was evaluated by means of Cronbach's alpha and test retest using the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: 241 head and neck cancer patients, median age 58.8, were included in this study. Hypothesized correlations were confirmed, the comparison among the groups showed differences in most of the domains. Reliability for the domains of swallowing solids, dry mouth, mouth pain, mucus, voice, pain and taste/smell presented Cronbach's alpha values from 0.858 to 0.735 and for the domains of nutrition, swallowing liquids and teeth, 0.618, 0.620 and 0.670 respectively. The test-retest reliability, for the domains of the VHNSS 2.0, measured using intraclass correlation coefficient, ranged from 0.372 to 0.854. CONCLUSION: The VHNSS 2.0 Brazilian Portuguese version presented good results for the convergent validation and known-group analyses. It also showed reliability for the Cronbach´s alpha and test retest for most domains.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese of the Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey version 2.0 (VHNSS 2.0) for the assessment of oral symptoms in head and neck cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy.

INTRODUCTION: Patients submitted to radiotherapy for the treatment of head and neck cancer have several symptoms, predominantly oral. The Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey version 2.0 is an American tool developed to evaluate oral symptoms in head and neck cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to translate the Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey version 2.0 into Brazilian Portuguese and cross-culturally adapt this tool for subsequent validation and application in Brazil. METHODS: A method used for the translation and cultural adaptation of tools, which included independent translations, synthesis of the translations, back-translations, expert committee, and pre-test, was used. The pre-test was performed with 37 head and neck cancer patients, who were divided into four groups, to assess the relevance and understanding of the assessed items. Data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS: The overall mean of the content validity index was 0.79 for semantic and idiomatic equivalence, and it was higher than 0.8 for cultural and conceptual equivalence. The cognitive interview showed that patients were able to paraphrase the items, and considered them relevant and easily understood. CONCLUSION: The tool was translated and cross-culturally adapted to be used in Brazil. The authors believe this translation is suited for validation.

"Oh, yeah, I'm getting closer to god": spirituality and religiousness of family caregivers of cancer patients undergoing palliative care.

PURPOSE: Within the cancer palliative care setting, where both patients and family caregivers (FCs) undergo a transition from the end of curative treatment to palliative therapy, spirituality and religiousness (S/R) may be a strategy to help the patients and FCs better cope with the disease, in addition to exerting a positive impact on symptoms, particularly emotional symptoms. The present study aimed to understand how S/R influence FCs of cancer patients undergoing palliative care. METHODS: This study was an exploratory and descriptive qualitative study. The qualitative approach to the data was based on Bardin's content analysis technique. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ-32) was used in the description of the results. Thirty FCs of individuals with advanced cancer undergoing palliative care were included. RESULTS: Analysis of the FCs' narratives indicated that the FCs considered that religiousness and faith in God or a Supreme Being provide them with the strength to cope with the suffering associated with the care of relatives with advanced cancer. Many FCs emphasized that talking about God was somehow comforting and made them feel at peace with themselves. Four categories were identified in the FCs' narratives: (1) increase in faith and closeness to God becomes stronger, (2) rethink life issues, (3) negative interference in the extrinsic religiosity, and (4) quest for religiousness to gain strength or support. A conceptual framework was developed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicated that S/R are a coping strategy frequently used by FCs of individuals with advanced cancer. The perceptions of the FCs interviewed in the present study corresponded to the four distinct categories related to spirituality and religiousness.

Further evaluation of the EORTC QLQ-C30 psychometric properties in a large Brazilian cancer patient cohort as a function of their educational status.

PURPOSE: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) is considered a valid instrument for use in Brazil. However, the previous Brazilian validation study included only 30 lung cancer patients and only measured test-retest reliability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the EORTC QLQ-C30 in a sample of cancer patients at different educational levels who completed the instrument administered by an interviewer. METHODS: Data from six prospective studies conducted by the same group of researchers were combined in this study (N = 986). RESULTS: Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, all values of which were >0.7, with the exception of cognitive functioning, social functioning, and nausea and vomiting (α = 0.57, α = 0.69, and α = 0.68, respectively). In multi-trait scaling analysis, convergent and divergent validity were considered adequate (validity indices were 91.6 and 97.4%). In general, moderate to strong correlations were found between the subscales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and its respective dimensions from the WHOQOL-bref, the hospital anxiety and depression scale, and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) instruments. In addition, the EORTC QLQ-C30 was able to differentiate groups of patients with distinct performance statuses and types of treatment (known-group validation). Statistical analyses were also performed on educational status, yielding similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed psychometric property data using the EORTC QLQ-C30 in Brazil are added by this study. In addition, we demonstrated that this instrument is in general reliable and valid regardless of the patient educational level.

A critical analysis of test-retest reliability in instrument validation studies of cancer patients under palliative care: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Patient-reported outcome validation needs to achieve validity and reliability standards. Among reliability analysis parameters, test-retest reliability is an important psychometric property. Retested patients must be in a clinically stable condition. This is particularly problematic in palliative care (PC) settings because advanced cancer patients are prone to a faster rate of clinical deterioration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the methods by which multi-symptom and health-related qualities of life (HRQoL) based on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have been validated in oncological PC settings with regards to test-retest reliability. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed (1966 to June 2013), EMBASE (1980 to June 2013), PsychInfo (1806 to June 2013), CINAHL (1980 to June 2013), and SCIELO (1998 to June 2013), and specific PRO databases was performed. Studies were included if they described a set of validation studies. Studies were included if they described a set of validation studies for an instrument developed to measure multi-symptom or multidimensional HRQoL in advanced cancer patients under PC. The COSMIN checklist was used to rate the methodological quality of the study designs. RESULTS: We identified 89 validation studies from 746 potentially relevant articles. From those 89 articles, 31 measured test-retest reliability and were included in this review. Upon critical analysis of the overall quality of the criteria used to determine the test-retest reliability, 6 (19.4%), 17 (54.8%), and 8 (25.8%) of these articles were rated as good, fair, or poor, respectively, and no article was classified as excellent. Multi-symptom instruments were retested over a shortened interval when compared to the HRQoL instruments (median values 24 hours and 168 hours, respectively; p = 0.001). Validation studies that included objective confirmation of clinical stability in their design yielded better results for the test-retest analysis with regard to both pain and global HRQoL scores (p < 0.05). The quality of the statistical analysis and its description were of great concern. CONCLUSION: Test-retest reliability has been infrequently and poorly evaluated. The confirmation of clinical stability was an important factor in our analysis, and we suggest that special attention be focused on clinical stability when designing a PRO validation study that includes advanced cancer patients under PC.