RESUMO
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure could cause many acute and chronic respiratory diseases. In this study the protective effects of polysaccharide from Morchella esculenta (FMP-1) and its derivatives against PM2.5-induced inflammation were evaluated. By flow cytometry and ELISA analysis, sulfated polysaccharide SFMP-1 showed the best protective effect in reducing PM2.5-induced cell death, cell apoptosis and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), which was accompanied by a diminished level in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation caused by PM2.5 in rat alveolar macrophage NR8383 cells. Furthermore, the mechanism was studied by immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR and western blotting. SFMP-1 could down-regulate the expression of inducible NO synthesis (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at both mRNA and protein levels in PM2.5-treated cells. The PM2.5-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was also reduced through suppressing nuclear translation of the NF-κB and inhibiting the degradation and phosphorylation of IκBα. These results indicated that SFMP-1 could protect NR8383 cells from PM2.5-induced inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activation.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Ascomicetos/química , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/química , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/farmacologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/efeitos dos fármacos , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Biomarcadores , Linhagem Celular , Macrófagos Alveolares/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Ratos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Análise EspectralRESUMO
Oxidative stress is considered to involve cell death in severe pulmonary diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Polysaccharide FMP-1 from Morchella esculenta can exert significant antioxidant activity. However, its effects on alveolar epithelial cells remain unperceived. Herein, the effects of FMP-1 against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells were investigated. FMP-1 could inhibit H2O2-induced cytochrome C and Caspase-3 release to prevent cell apoptosis via attenuation of MDA and ROS levels, and enhancement the enzymatic activities of SOD and T-AOC. Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanisms were clarified. The phosphorylation of AKT and the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 were observed to be promoted by FMP-1 as well as the level of HO-1. These findings suggested that FMP-1 attenuate cellular oxidative stress through PI3K/AKT pathway, and FMP-1 could be explored as natural potential antioxidants to lower oxidative stress relevant to the progression of IPF.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/química , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Células A549 , Células Epiteliais Alveolares/efeitos dos fármacos , Heme Oxigenase-1/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Polissacarídeos/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Polysaccharides from Morchella esculenta are known to exhibit diverse bioactivities, while an anti-melanogenesis effect has been barely addressed. Herein, the anti-melanogenesis activity of a heteropolysaccharide from M. esculenta (FMP-1) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. FMP-1 had no significant cytotoxic effect on B16F10 melanoma cells as well as zebrafish larvae, but did reduce melanin contents and tyrosinase activities in both of them. Treatment with FMP-1 also effectively suppressed the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins, including MC1R, MITF, TRP-1 and TRP-2, through decreasing the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB). Moreover, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was observed mediating FMP-1's inhibitory effect against melanin production. Specifically, FMP-1 treatment markedly inhibited the activation of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. These results suggested that FMP-1's inhibitory effect against melanogenesis is mediated by the inhibition of CREB and p38 signaling pathways, thereby resulting in the downstream repression of melanogenesis-related proteins and the subsequent melanin production. These data provide insight into FMP-1's potential anti-melanogenesis effect in food and cosmetic industries.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/química , Carpóforos/química , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/farmacologia , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Melaninas/antagonistas & inibidores , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Pigmentação da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Embrião não Mamífero/efeitos dos fármacos , Embrião não Mamífero/enzimologia , Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/efeitos adversos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/efeitos adversos , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/metabolismo , Melaninas/metabolismo , Melanoma/enzimologia , Melanoma/metabolismo , Camundongos , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional/efeitos dos fármacos , Peixe-Zebra , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismoRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the structural features, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of a heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Morchella esculenta (FMP-1). FMP-1 had an average molecular weight of 4.7â¯×â¯103â¯Da and consisted of mannose, glucose and galactose. By methylation and NMR analysis, the backbone of FMP-1 was deduced to be made up of 1,4-linked Glcp and 1,6-linked Galp. Hydroxyl, DPPH and superoxide radicals could be efficiently scavenged by FMP-1, with IC50 values of 74.26, 119.32 and 161.49⯵g/mL, respectively. Furthermore, FMP-1 could significantly protect zebrafish embryos against AAPH-induced oxidative damage. Decrease in malformations and mortalities was observed along with the reduction of ROS production, NO production and cell death. The protective effects were by decreasing MDA content and increasing SOD, CAT and GSH-Px levels. The current work provided a good suggestion of the potential utilization of FMP-1 as an attractive natural antioxidant.