Composition's effect of Origanum Syriacum essential oils in the antimicrobial activities for the treatment of denture stomatitis.

This research has several purposes: First to assess the bacterial and fungal minimum inhibitory concentration of Origanum Syriacum essential oil. Second to quantify its bactericidal and fungicidal minimal concentration against S. aureus, S. mutans, and C. albicans found in denture stomatitis. The third purpose is to look at the influence of three different soils (Annaya, Bhanin and Michrif) on the essential oils composition. Three essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation from three different Origanum Syriacum plant origins. Bioassays were conducted using a broth microdilution methods. Gas Chromatography analysis was used to calculate the abundance of most components in each essential oil. Post hoc tests assessed antimicrobial effects between ecotypes while Pearson's test correlated the different components and their antimicrobial efficiency (α < 0.05). All tested essential oils were efficient against all microorganisms. Origanum Syriacum essential oils derived from Annaya and Bhanin soils showed a superior antimicrobial activity compared to the Michrif one. The most abundant component and most efficient among all essential oils constituents was carvacrol. It can be concluded that Origanum Syriacum essential oils have an antimicrobial activity, which depends on the ecotype, its origin and its composition. They might be used to start a clinical trial for the treatment of denture stomatitis.

Contribution of capsaicin-sensitive innervation to the continuous eruption of the rat mandibular incisors.

A major component of tooth innervation is made of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents (CSPA). These fibers play a key role in tooth pain and inflammation; little is known, however, about the role of CSPA in tooth eruption. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the capsaicin-sensitive afferents in the process of eruption of intact rat incisors. CSPA fibers in several rat groups, were subjected to one of the following experimental procedures: systemic chemical ablation, systemic ablation followed by chemical sympathectomy and localized activation. The observed effects on incisor eruption were compared to those made on controls. The total amount of eruption in control/naïve rats, measured over a total period of 144 h, was 3.18 ± 0.07 mm and decreased to 2.43 ± 0.08 mm (n = 7; p < 0.001) following systemic ablation of CSPA. Further decrease to 2.24 ± 0.08 mm (n = 7; p < 0.001) was noticed when chemical sympathectomy was added to CSPA ablation. The average rate of eruption was 1.7 ± 0.25 mm following CSPA activation, compared to an average of 0.8 ± 0.07 mm for controls (n = 7; p < 0.001). Capsaicin sensitive fibers play an important role in tooth homeostasis, and intact neural supply is required for tooth growth under normal conditions.

Modulation of incisor eruption in rats by sympathetic efferents.

INTRODUCTION: Intact neural supply is necessary for tooth eruption. Sympathetic denervation accelerates or decelerates the eruption rate depending on the tooth condition (intact or injured). The aim of this study is to reexamine the role of the sympathetic innervation, through the observation of the effects of pre or post ganglionic chemical sympathectomy on the eruption of intact rat incisors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Different groups of rats were subjected to either ganglionic or peripheral chemical sympathectomy and the observed effects on incisor eruption were compared to those made on intact/sham groups or on rats subjected to inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) lesion. RESULTS: The total amount of eruption in control/naïve rats, measured over a total period of 144 h, was 3 ±â€¯0.15 mm and decreased to 2.57 ±â€¯0.06 mm (n = 8; p < 0.01) or 2.8 ±â€¯0.10 mm (n = 8; p < 0.05) following treatment with guanethidine and hexamethonium, respectively. This amount decreased to 1.8 ±â€¯0.14 mm (p < 0.001 vs. control, n = 7; or p < 0.01 vs. sham, n = 5) in rats subjected to IAN lesion. CONCLUSION: Sympathectomy delayed tooth eruption. Blocking the sympathetic effectors with guanethidine exerted more potent effects than ganglionic block with hexamethonium. Intact sympathetic supply is required for tooth growth under normal conditions.

Fit of pressed crowns fabricated from two CAD-CAM wax pattern process plans: A comparative in vitro study.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Subtractive and additive computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) wax pattern processing are 2 methods of fabricating a pressed ceramic crown. Whether a subtractive milled wax pattern or a pattern from the micro-stereolithography additive process produces lithium disilicate crowns with better marginal and internal fit is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten silicone impressions were made for a prepared canine tooth. Each die received 2 lithium disilicate (IPS e.max) copings, 1 from milled wax blocks and 1 from additive wax. The replica technique was used to measure the fit by scanning electron microscopy at ×80 magnification. Collected data were analyzed using the paired Student t test for the marginal and internal fit. For the occlusal fit, the difference in scores did not follow a normal distribution, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used (α=.05). RESULTS: The mean marginal, axial, and occlusal fit showed no significant differences when the 2 CAD-CAM manufacturing processes were compared (P>.05). For the marginal fit, the mean (±SD) values were 105.1 µm ±39.6 with the milled process and 126.2 µm ±25.2 for the additive process. The mean values were 98.1 µm ±26.1 for the axial fit in the milled process and 106.8 µm ±21.2 in the additive process. For the occlusal fit, median values (interquartile interval) were 199.0 µm (141.5 to 269.9) for subtractive manufacturing and 257.2 µm (171.6 to 266.0) for micro-SLA manufacturing. CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference was found between the fit of the 2 techniques. The mean values of axial and occlusal median values were 10 and 5 to 6 times greater than machine's nominal values.

Marginal and internal fit of pressed ceramic crowns made from conventional and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing wax patterns: An in vitro comparison.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated the influence of the wax fabrication technique on the internal adaptation and marginal accuracy of pressed ceramic single crowns. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal and internal fit of a lithium disilicate crown fabricated either from conventional waxing or from a subtractive milled wax pattern. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten silicone impressions were made for a maxillary canine prepared to receive a complete crown. Two pressed lithium disilicate glass ceramic copings were made on the die poured from each impression. The first was from a conventional wax pattern and the second from milled wax blocks. The replica technique was used to measure the fit by scanning electron microscope at ×80 magnification. Collected data were analyzed with the paired Student t test for the marginal and wall fit. For the occlusal fit, the difference in scores did not follow a normal distribution, and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used (α=.05). RESULTS: The mean values +SD were 170.3 ±50.7 µm for the marginal fit and 130.3 ±21.6 µm for the internal fit with the conventional technique. For the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technique, they were 105.1 ±39.6 µm and 98.1 ±26.1 µm. Statistical significance was found for the marginal and internal fit (P<.05). The occlusal fit median and interval interquartile scores were 305.0 µm (269.9 to 334.4) for conventional fabrication and 199.0 µm (141.5 to 269.9) for subtractive manufacturing. The differences were not statistically significant (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: The subtractive CAD-CAM waxing technique resulted in the improved fit of a pressed lithium disilicate crown by decreasing the marginal discrepancies and internal adaptation.

Considerations for Altering Preparation Designs of Porcelain Inlay/Onlay Restorations for Nonvital Teeth.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare all ceramic inlay/onlay survival rates in vital and nonvital teeth having the same cavity design. Filling the pulp chamber with ceramic materials or not was also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ceramic class II inlays/onlays were made on 11 premolars and 30 molars: 14 vital, 27 endodontically treated. The same tooth preparation design was performed on vital and nonvital teeth: In nonvital teeth the pulp chambers were covered by a glass ionomer cement until the pulpal floor depths were between 2 and 2.5 mm, more likely similar to the vital teeth preparations. In vital teeth, glass ionomer was used as a liner to achieve pulpal floor depths between 2 and 2.5 mm when needed. The restorations were assessed (at baseline, 6 months, 1 and 2 years) according to three criteria: marginal discoloration, marginal integrity, and fracture of teeth/restorations, consistent with United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. RESULTS: Eight teeth (19%) showed minor marginal discolorations, while three molars (7%) had loss of marginal integrity. These margins were adjusted using rubber polishing cups and were then judged clinically acceptable. From these three molars, one was vital and two were endodontically treated. No fracture of teeth or restorations was observed. Chi square and exact probability tests were used. There was no statistical difference between vital and nonvital teeth (p = 0.719 chi-squared and Fisher) or between premolars and molars (p = 0.564 chi-squared; 1.000, Fisher). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study there was no difference for the same inlay/onlay cavity design between vital and nonvital teeth. In nonvital teeth, it seems that filling the pulp chamber with a ceramic core material is not important. Long-term observation periods are needed to reinforce the clinical behavior outcome.

Revisiting implant-retained mandibular overdentures: planning according to treatment needs.

Increasingly popular, implant-retained mandibular overdentures have a highly predictable success rate and provide many options in terms of design and attachment systems. General dentists may have some difficulties in choosing the appropriate system. This paper provides a general overview of the various options that are available, taking into consideration the specifications and challenges of each.

Prosthetic requirements for immediate implant loading: a review.

PURPOSE: The aim of this article is to review the current literature with regard to prosthetic considerations and their influence on the outcome of immediately loaded implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A broad search of the published literature was performed using MEDLINE and PubMed to identify pertinent articles. RESULTS: One hundred fifty six references were selected. They were mainly descriptive, prospective, follow-up studies. They were reviewed and were categorized with respect to 6 factors that influence immediate loading: cross-arch stability and micromovements, interim prostheses, definitive restorations inserted immediately, screw- or cement-retained prostheses, occlusion, and number and distribution of implants in overdentures and fixed prostheses. CONCLUSION: Immediate loading seems to be a relatively safe procedure. From the prosthodontic point of view, there are specific guidelines to follow. They are: implants should be splinted with a metallic bar and acrylic interim prostheses until full osseointegration occurs. To have a successful outcome, screw-retained interim prostheses are recommended. CAD/CAM systems can improve the placement of implants with minimum risk. Regarding occlusion, there is a disagreement on when and how to provide occlusal contacts, but all authors agree on keeping centric contacts only. Finally, concerning the number of implants required for an immediate overdenture, no conclusive evidence could be found.

Oromandibular dystonia treatment following a loss of vertical dimension.

UNLABELLED: Oromandibular dystonia is a rare condition of hyperkinetic motor dysfunction in the orofacial area. It is a centrally mediated disorder of unknown aetiology and manifested by a sustained contraction of masticatory muscles, involving one or both lateral pterygoids, and pushing the mandible forward. The prognosis is poor and the treatment is symptomatic. This paper describes a case of a 38-year-old woman referred for a locked left TMJ who was diagnosed as having an oromandibular dystonia. A step-by-step diagnosis and treatment procedure is described. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Knowledge of oromandibular dystonia may be valuable as rare medical diseases can be masked by common dental problems.

Nociceptive behaviour induced by dental application of irritants to rat incisors: a new model for tooth inflammatory pain.

Animal models simulating acute human pulpitis are still lacking. The rat incisors present a particular situation where most of their innervation is considered to be unmyelinated and concentrated mainly in the tooth pulp. This study reports on a new model for dental pain induced by inflammatory agents applied to the tooth pulps of incisors. In different groups of rats, artificial crowns were fixed on the lower incisors, after cutting 1-2mm of their distal extremities. A volume of 7-10 microl of solutions of saline, capsaicin (1-10mg/ml) or formalin (2.5% or 5%) was injected in the crown cavity, and the nociceptive behaviour was quantitated following a devised scoring method of four scales. Intradental application of capsaicin produced nociceptive scores in the form of one plateau for 1-2h depending on the concentration used. Similar results were obtained with intradental application of formalin 2.5%. The one plateau of nociceptive scores obtained with formalin contrasts with the biphasic aspect of nociceptive behaviour described with the intradermal formalin test. This discrepancy could be attributed to a difference in the types of afferent fibres involved in each situation. Pretreatment with morphine (2 mg/kg) attenuated, in a naloxone-reversible manner, the nociceptive behaviour observed following intradental application of capsaicin. Pretreatment with meloxicam (a cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor) exerted a less pronounced attenuation of the nociceptive scores when compared with morphine. These results provide evidence for the validity of the described model for the simulation of tooth pulp inflammatory pain in awake animals.