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1.
J Forensic Sci ; 66(6): 2113-2125, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34355806

RESUMO

Previous studies evaluating sexual dimorphism in subadult pelvic features present variable, and at times conflicting, conclusions. As a result, there is yet to be a consensus on whether the subadult pelvis can be used in sex estimation methods. This study aims to assess the forensic utility of ilium shape and greater sciatic notch morphology in sexing subadult pelves prior to acetabular fusion. A sample of 397 modern U.S. individuals with unfused acetabula (i.e., tri-radiate cartilages) aged birth to 14 years was queried from a larger sample of postmortem computed tomography scans. Elliptical Fourier analyses were performed on ilium and greater sciatic notch outlines and resultant PCs were evaluated for significant effects of sex and age. Greater sciatic notch metrics were also collected. Stepwise linear discriminant function analyses with leave-one-out cross-validation were performed on the PCs and metric variables. Analyses were performed on pooled samples, on age-specific cohort samples, and on samples that iteratively removed the youngest one-year cohort. Cross-validated correct classification rates ranged from 57% to 65% and no patterns were observed to support an appearance and/or consistent expression of sexually diagnostic traits. Based on the results, sex estimation using these features is not recommended in pelvic remains prior to acetabular fusion, although the sample sizes of individuals over 5 years of age were limited in this study. Future studies should focus on the sexually diagnostic ability of pelvic traits in subadult samples post-fusion of the acetabulum.


Assuntos
Ílio/anatomia & histologia , Determinação do Sexo pelo Esqueleto/métodos , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Análise Discriminante , Feminino , Antropologia Forense , Análise de Fourier , Humanos , Ílio/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento Tridimensional , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Osteogênese , Ossos Pélvicos/anatomia & histologia , Ossos Pélvicos/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
2.
Forensic Sci Int ; 309: 110232, 2020 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32151881

RESUMO

As the accessibility and utility of virtual databases of skeletal collections continues to grow, the impact that scan processing procedures has on the accuracy of data obtained from virtual databases remains relatively unknown. This study quantifies the intra- and inter-observer error generated from varying computed tomography (CT) scan processing protocols, including re-segmentation, incrementally varying thresholding value, and data collectors' selection of the threshold value on a set of virtual subadult pelves. Four observers segmented the subadult ossa coxarum from postmortem CT scans of the fully-fleshed bodies of eleven individuals of varying ages. Segmentation protocol was set, with the exception of each observer selecting their own thresholding value for each scan. The resulting smoothed pelvic surfaces were then compared using deviation analyses. Root mean square error (RMSE), average distance deviation, and maximum deviation distances demonstrated that thresholding values of ∼50 HU (Hounsfield units) are easily tolerated, the surfaces generated are robust to error, and threshold value selection does not systematically vary with user experience. The importance of consistent methodology during segmentation protocol is highlighted here, especially with regards to consistency in both selected thresholding value as well as smoothing protocol, as these variables can affect subsequent measurements of the resultant surfaces.


Assuntos
Ossos Pélvicos/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Antropologia Forense , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento Tridimensional , Lactente , Masculino , Variações Dependentes do Observador
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