The Effect of Charcoal-Based Dentifrice and Conventional Whitening Toothpaste on the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Composite Resin: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies.

The objective was to systematically review studies that evaluated the effect of charcoal-based dentifrices (CbDs) and conventional whitening toothpastes (CWTs) on the color stability (CS) and/or surface roughness (SR) of composite resin (CR). The question we focused on was "Do CbD and CWT affect the CS and/or SR of CR?" Indexed databases were searched without language and time restrictions up to and including May 2023 using different keywords. Original experimental studies were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for In Vitro Studies. Ten in vitro studies performed on CR were included. The number of CR samples assessed ranged between 18 and 200. In one study, CbDs altered the CS and SR of CR, whereas another study showed no difference in changes in the SR and CS of CR when CbDs were compared with CWTs. One study showed that compared with CWTs, CbDs caused changes in the CS of CR but changes in SR were similar between the two dentifrices. One study showed that CbDs and CWTs improved the overall color and enhanced the SR of CR. Three studies had a high RoB, five had a medium RoB, and two had a low RoB. Compared to CWTs, CbDs appeared to affect the CS of CR, but the SR of CR induced by both dentifrices remained consistent. Further well-designed and power-adjusted studies are needed.

Editorial bullying: an exploration of acts impacting publication ethics and related environment.

Bullying and misconduct in the realm of scientific and scholarly publishing have the potential to jeopardize the transparency and integrity of academic discourse. While misconduct issues among authors have been extensively discussed, the role of editors in perpetuating or mitigating such problems has garnered less attention. Scientific publishing serves as the gateway for disseminating innovative research findings globally, and the role of editors, especially Editor/s-in-chief, is pivotal in safeguarding the rigor and credibility of published research. Editor bullying and misconduct involve behaviors that undermine the scientific process, compromise research integrity, and harm the careers and wellbeing of individuals. These actions may manifest as biased decision-making, suppression of dissenting voices, or the exploitation of power dynamics in the peer review process. To address these issues, preventive and therapeutic approaches are suggested, including enhancing awareness, recognizing and mitigating exacerbating factors, and upholding professionalism. Moreover, the importance of a conflict-of-interest declaration for editors is highlighted to ensure transparency and integrity in the editorial process. The present mini-review aims to shed light on editor bullying, illuminating its gravity and the urgency to address these issues within the academic publishing domain/s. This review underscores the more subtle, yet equally significant, issue of professional misconduct in the editorial realm of scientific journals.

Probing the antinociceptive and therapeutic potential of probiotics in managing temporomandibular joint arthritis.

This literature review explored the antinociceptive and therapeutic effects of probiotic therapy (PT) in the treatment of arthritic conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Indexed databases were searched without time and language restrictions up to and including February 2023, to identify studies addressing the question: "Is PT effective for the management of TMJ arthritis?" The following keywords were used in different combinations with Boolean operators: arthritis, osteoarthritis, pain, probiotic, rheumatoid, temporomandibular disorders, and temporomandibular joint. Original clinical and experimental studies assessing the therapeutic efficacy of PT in the management of osteoarthritis were eligible for inclusion. Letters to the editor, reviews, commentaries, perspectives, and expert opinions were not sought. The structure of the current review was tailored to encapsulate relevant information. A total of 297 relevant studies were identified during the initial literature search, and the full text and reference lists of these studies were scrutinized. To date, the potential role of PT in managing osteoarthritis of the TMJ region remains uninvestigated. No clinical trials in the indexed literature have assessed the efficacy of PT in managing TMJ arthritis; however, this finding does not preclude a potential role of probiotics as antinociceptive and therapeutic agents in susceptible populations.

Influence of psychostimulants on bone mineral density and content among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A systematic review.

There is a controversy over the influence of psychostimulant medications on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) among children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD). The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the influence of psychostimulant medications on BMD and BMC among children with ADHD. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library, was conducted to identify relevant studies published up until July 2023. Clinical studies that addressed the focused question "Do psychostimulant medications affect bone mineral density and content in children with ADHD?" were included. Letters to the Editor, studies on animal-models, ex-vivo and in-vitro studies, commentaries and reviews were excluded. The primary outcome measures were changes in BMD and BMC. Study quality was assessed using the risk of bias for non-randomized studies-exposure tool. Five non-randomized clinical studies were included. The number of participants ranged from 18 to 6489 with mean ages ranging from 7.3 to 13.75 years. The study durations ranged between five and seven years. In all studies osseous evaluation was done using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The bone locations examined included total body, lumbar-spine, femur, femoral-neck, femoral body, and pelvis. Two studies reported that psychostimulant medications reduce BMC and BMD. In one study, bone turnover, serum leptin and fat levels were reduced in children using psychostimulant medications but no unusual reduction recorded among controls. In general, 80 % of the studies concluded that psychostimulant medications compromise BMC and BMD. Power analysis was done in one study. One study had a low RoB and the remaining demonstrated some concerns. Given the methodological concerns observed in the included studies, arriving at a definitive conclusion regarding the effects of psychostimulant medications on BMC, BMD, and bone turnover in children with ADHD is challenging. However, it is important to acknowledge that an association between psychostimulant medications and these bone-related parameters cannot be disregarded.

Antinociceptive Efficacy of Shamanic Healing for the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders: An Evidence-Based Review.

The aim of this evidence-based review was to assess the antinociceptive efficacy of shamanic healing (SH) for management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The addressed focused question was "Is SH effective for the management of TMD?" Indexed databases were searched without time and language restrictions up to and including January 2023 using the following keywords: "disc displacement disorders"; "healing"; "inflammation"; "pain"; "shamanic"; "therapy"; "temporomandibular joint"; "temporomandibular disorders" and "temporomandibular joint disorders". Clinical studies were considered eligible for inclusion. Editorials, case-reports, case-series and commentaries were excluded. Literature search was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis. Pattern of this evidence-based review was customized to summarize the pertinent information. In the present review, three studies were included and processed for data extraction. All participants were females with a mean age of 38.3 ± 8.3 years (range 25-55 years). Self-rated pain was assessed before application of SH (baseline) and after 9 months of follow-up. In one study, SH significantly reduced self-rated TMD pain scores (P < 0.001) at 9-months' follow-up interview. In all studies patients reported that management of TMD via SH helped improve their quality of life. In one study patients perceived improvements in sleep, energy levels, digestion, and back pain at follow-up. In another study patients reported that they felt "calmer" and "at peace" at follow-up interview. The possible contribution of SH for managing pain among TMD patients warrants additional research. There is a dire need for well-designed and power-adjusted randomized clinical trials with adequate groups and long-term follow-up.

Artificial intelligence for treatment planning and soft tissue outcome prediction of orthognathic treatment: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) in treatment planning and outcome prediction in orthognathic treatment (OGT) has not been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVES: To determine the accuracy of AI in treatment planning and soft tissue outcome prediction in OGT. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Unrestricted search of indexed databases and reference lists of included studies. DATA SELECTION: Clinical studies that addressed the focused question 'Is AI useful for treatment planning and soft tissue outcome prediction in OGT?' were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Study screening, selection and data extraction were performed independently by two authors. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's RoB and ROBINS-I tools for randomised and non-randomised clinical studies, respectively. DATA SYNTHESIS: Eight clinical studies (seven retrospective cohort studies and one randomised controlled study) were included. Four studies assessed the role of AI for treatment decision making; and four studies assessed the accuracy of AI in soft tissue outcome prediction after OGT. In four studies, the level of agreement between AI and non-AI decision making was found to be clinically acceptable (at least 90%). In four studies, it was shown that AI can be used for soft tissue outcome prediction after OGT; however, predictions were not clinically acceptable for the lip and chin areas. All studies had a low to moderate RoB. LIMITATIONS: Due to high methodological inconsistencies among the included studies, it was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis and reporting biases assessment. CONCLUSION: AI can be a useful aid to traditional treatment planning by facilitating clinical treatment decision making and providing a visualisation tool for soft tissue outcome prediction in OGT. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022366864.

Comparison of the postoperative anti-inflammatory efficacy of chlorhexidine, saline rinses and herbal mouthwashes after mechanical debridement in patients with peri-implant mucositis: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: The null hypothesis is that there is no difference in the post-operative anti-inflammatory efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX), 2% saline rinses (SR) and a herbal mouthwash (MW) after non-surgical mechanical debridement (MD) for treatment of peri-implant mucositis (PiM). The aim was to compare the post-operative anti-inflammatory efficacy of CHX, 2% SR and a herbal oral rinse after non-surgical MD of PiM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present randomized controlled trial had a single-blinded parallel arm design. Patients diagnosed with PiM were enrolled. Demographic information was recorded. All patients underwent MD and were randomly divided into 4 groups: CHX-group: 0.12% non-alcoholic CHX; Sodium chloride (NaCl) group: 2% NaCl rinses; Herbal MW group: Herbal-based MW and H2 O group: distilled water with peppermint flavour. After MD, all the participants were advised to rinse twice daily (every 12 hrs) for 2 weeks with their respective MWs. In all groups, peri-implant modified plaque index (mPI), modified gingival index (mGI) and probing depth (PD) were measured at baseline and at 12 weeks of follow-up. Sample size was estimated using data from a pilot investigation; and group-comparisons were performed. Statistical significance was confirmed when P-values were below 0.01. RESULTS: Sixty individuals (15 patients/group) were included. At baseline, mPI, mGI and PD were comparable in all groups. At baseline, there was no significant difference in peri-implant mPI, mGI and PD in all groups. At 12-weeks' follow-up, there was a statistically significant reduction in peri-implant mPI (p < 0.01), mGI (p < 0.01) and PD (p < 0.01) in CHX, NaCl and herbal MW groups compared with H2 O group. There was no significant relation between implant location, duration for which, implants were functional, gender and peri-implant clinical parameters in all groups. CONCLUSION: After non-surgical MD, post-operative use of CHX and herbal and NaCl MWs is useful for the management of PiM in the short-term.

Comparison of Whole Salivary Cortisol and Interleukin 1-Beta Levels in Light Cigarette-Smokers and Users of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems before and after Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy.

There are no studies that have compared whole salivary cortisol (CL) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1ß) levels in cigarette-smokers (CS) and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)-users before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). The aim was to compare whole salivary CL and IL-1ß levels in light CS and ENDS users before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Self-reported current CS, ENDS users, and non-smokers were included. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic data. All patients underwent NSPT. Periodontal parameters (probing depth (PD], gingival index (GI], clinical attachment loss (AL], plaque index (PI], and marginal bone loss (MBL]) and whole salivary CL and IL-1ß were measured at baseline. At 3-months of follow-up, clinical parameters and whole salivary CL and IL-1ß were re-assessed. p-values < 1% were arbitrated as statistically significant. Fifty-four individuals (18 CS, 18 ENDS users, and 18 non-smokers) were included. Clinical AL, MT, PD, PI, and MBL were similar in all groups at baseline. At 12-weeks of follow-up, PI (p < 0.01) and PD (p < 0.01) were high in CS and ENDS-users than non-smokers. Among non-smokers, there was a statistically significant correlation between whole salivary cortisol and IL-1ß levels at 12-weeks' follow-up (p < 0.001). There was no difference in whole salivary cortisol and IL-1ß levels in CS and ENDS users at baseline and at 12-weeks follow-up. At 12-weeks of follow-up, there was a significant reduction in IL-1ß (p < 0.01) and CL (p < 0.01) than baseline. In light CS and ENDS users without periodontal disease, clinical periodontal parameters and whole-salivary CL and Il-1ß levels remain unchanged after NSPT.

Peri-implant clinicoradiographic status among betel-quid chewers and controls.

The aim of the present case-control observational study was to evaluate the peri-implant clinicoradiographic status among betel-quid chewers and controls. Self-reported betel-quid chewers and controls were included. Participants were categorized into 3 groups: Group-1: Individuals chewing betel-quid with tobacco; Group-2: Individuals chewing betel-quid without tobacco; and Group-3: Controls (individuals not using tobacco in any form). Demographic data was collected using a questionnaire. Periodontal and peri-implant clinicoradiologic parameters (plaque and gingival indices [PI and GI], probing depth [PD] and crestal bone loss/marginal bone loss [CBL/MBL]) were assessed. Clinical attachment loss (AL) around teeth was also assessed. Group comparisons were done using the one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni Post-hoc adjustment tests. Correlation of periodontal and peri-implant inflammatory parameters with the duration of betel-quid chewing habit and duration of placement in the mouth were assessed using logistic regression analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Thirty, 30 and 30 patients were included in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Full-mouth PI (P<0.01), GI (P<0.01), clinical AL (P<0.01), PD (P<0.01) and mesial and distal MBL (P<0.01) were higher in groups 1 and 2 than Group-3. Peri-implant mPI (P<0.01), mGI (P<0.01), PD (P<0.01) and MBL/CBL (P<0.01) were significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 than Group-3 with no significant difference in groups 1 and 2. Betel-quid chewing habit either with or without tobacco is a risk-factor of peri-implant soft-tissue inflammation and CBL.

Peri-implant clinicoradiographic status among betel-quid chewers and controls

Abstract The aim of the present case-control observational study was to evaluate the peri-implant clinicoradiographic status among betel-quid chewers and controls. Self-reported betel-quid chewers and controls were included. Participants were categorized into 3 groups: Group-1: Individuals chewing betel-quid with tobacco; Group-2: Individuals chewing betel-quid without tobacco; and Group-3: Controls (individuals not using tobacco in any form). Demographic data was collected using a questionnaire. Periodontal and peri-implant clinicoradiologic parameters (plaque and gingival indices [PI and GI], probing depth [PD] and crestal bone loss/marginal bone loss [CBL/MBL]) were assessed. Clinical attachment loss (AL) around teeth was also assessed. Group comparisons were done using the one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni Post-hoc adjustment tests. Correlation of periodontal and peri-implant inflammatory parameters with the duration of betel-quid chewing habit and duration of placement in the mouth were assessed using logistic regression analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Thirty, 30 and 30 patients were included in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Full-mouth PI (P<0.01), GI (P<0.01), clinical AL (P<0.01), PD (P<0.01) and mesial and distal MBL (P<0.01) were higher in groups 1 and 2 than Group-3. Peri-implant mPI (P<0.01), mGI (P<0.01), PD (P<0.01) and MBL/CBL (P<0.01) were significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 than Group-3 with no significant difference in groups 1 and 2. Betel-quid chewing habit either with or without tobacco is a risk-factor of peri-implant soft-tissue inflammation and CBL.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo observacional de casos-controles foi avaliar o estado clínico-radiográfico periimplantar dos usuários de bétele. Foram incluídos usuários que relataram utlizar a substância bétele como tabaco de mascar. Os participantes foram categorizados em 3 grupos: Grupo-1: Indivíduos que mascam bétele com tabaco; Grupo-2: Indivíduos que mascam bétele sem tabaco; e Grupo-3: Controle (indivíduos que não usam tabaco sob qualquer forma). Os dados demográficos foram recolhidos utilizando um questionário. Foram avaliados parâmetros clínico-radiográfico e periimplantares (índices placa e gengivais [IP e IG], profundidade de sondagem [PS] e perda de crista óssea/ perda óssea marginal [PCO/POM]). Também foi avaliada a perda inserção clínica (IC) em torno dos dentes. As comparações de grupo foram feitas utilizando a análise de variância unidireccional e os testes de ajustamento post-hoc de Bonferroni. A correlação dos parâmetros inflamatórios periodontais e periimplantares com a duração do hábito de mastigação da bétele e duração da colocação na boca foi avaliada utilizando a análise de regressão logística. P<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Foram utilizados 30 pacientes em cada grupo. O IP de boca inteira (P<0,01), IG (P<0,01), IC clínica (P<0,01), PS (P<0,01) e POM mesial e distal (P<0,01) foram mais elevados nos grupos 1 e 2 do que no grupo 3. O mPI peri-implantar (P<0,01), '(P<0,01), PD (P<0,01) e POM/PCO (P<0,01) foram significativamente mais elevados nos grupos 1 e 2 do que no grupo 3, sem diferença significativa nos grupos 1 e 2. O hábito de mastigar a substância bétele com ou sem tabaco é um fator de risco de inflamação dos tecidos moles periimplantares e PCO.

Effectiveness of Curcumin in Reducing Self-Rated Pain-Levels in the Orofacial Region: A Systematic Review of Randomized-Controlled Trials.

The aim was to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effectiveness of curcumin in reducing self-rated pain levels in the orofacial region (OFR). The addressed focused question was "Is curcumin effective in reducing self-rated pain levels in the OFR?". Indexed databases (PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE (OVID), and Web of Science) were searched up to and including February 2022 using different keywords. The inclusion criteria were (a) original studies (RCTs) in indexed databases; and (b) studies assessing the role of curcumin in the management of pain in the OFR. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The pattern of the present systematic review was customized to primarily summarize the pertinent information. Nineteen RCTs were included. Results from 79% of the studies reported that curcumin exhibits analgesic properties and is effective in reducing self-rated pain associated with the OFR. Three studies had a low risk of bias, while nine and seven studies had a moderate and high risk of bias, respectively. Curcumin can be used as an alternative to conventional therapies in alleviating pain in the OFR. However, due to the limitations and risk of bias in the aforementioned studies, more high-quality RCTs are needed.

"Testosterone decreases temporomandibular joint nociception"- A systematic review of studies on animal models.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the effect of testosterone on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) nociception. DESIGN: A systematic review of pertinent indexed literature was performed. The focused question addressed was "Is there a connection between testosterone and TMJ nociception?" Original studies were included. In-vitro and ex-vivo studies, case-reports/series, letters to the Editor and commentaries were not sought. Indexed databases were searched without time and language restrictions up to and including September 2021 using different free text key words: testosterone OR "male sex hormones" OR "gonadal hormones" AND "temporomandibular joint" OR "temporomandibular dysfunction" AND nociception AND males. The literature search was performed in accordance with the preferred reporting outcomes of systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool. RESULTS: Out of the 406 studies identified, seven studies on animal-models were included. All studies were performed in rats with age and weight ranging between 21 and 90 days and 200-300 g, respectively. Testosterone was administered in concentrations ranging between 1 and 10 mg/Kg. Results from all studies showed that testosterone administration in gonadectomized male rats reduces induced TMJ nociception. The RoB was high in 3 and unclear in 4 studies. CONCLUSION: Testosterone offers protection against TMJ nociception in male rats; however, from a clinical perspective, potential contribution of testosterone therapy towards the management of TMD remains indeterminate.

Evaluation of the Accuracy of a New Geometric Approach to Implant Guidance.

PURPOSE: Implant surgical guides are often fabricated using CBCT technology. In this study, an alternative technique is proposed. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of the guide sleeve corrections of a geometric approach to guided surgery to the accuracy of in vitro studies of stereolithographic guides. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four arch forms were milled from acrylic blocks each with 12 root form sites. Root form inserts were made. Holes were milled in the inserts at arbitrary angles. Guide posts were placed in these sites. Guide sleeves were placed on the posts and connected with light-cured resin to form verification jigs. The goal was to correct the angles of the guide sleeves to a vertical position 90 degrees from the base of the arch forms. The initial angles from the vertical and horizontal positions of the center of each guide sleeve were determined radiographically and geometrically. Horizontal and angle corrections were made using two-piece guide posts. Guide sleeves placed over the corrected guide posts were connected with light-cured resin, forming new verification jigs. The accuracy of the angle correction and the coronal horizontal and apical horizontal deviations of the 3-mm guide sleeves were determined. The experimental sites were divided into two groups to determine if the size of the initial angles of the guide sleeves had any effect on the accuracy of the corrections. RESULTS: The initial angles of the guide sleeves before corrections revealed the mean difference between the two methods of measurements in groups 1 and 2 as 0.36 degrees (P = .14) and 0.69 degrees (P = .07), respectively. A comparison of the angle error measurements from 90 degrees after corrections between the two groups in the mesiodistal and buccolingual planes was not significant. The coronal and apical horizontal deviations after corrections revealed a significant difference between the two groups at the coronal level (P = .005) but not at the apical level (P = .14). In comparison of the methods of the two measurements of the angle error from vertical after corrections, the mean difference was 1.23 degrees (P = .01) and 0.69 degrees (P = .02). CONCLUSION: The in vitro accuracy of the guide sleeve corrections made with the geometric approach for implant guidance was compared to the results of the meta-analyses of in vitro studies of implant placement with stereolithographic guides. The mean errors were smaller and within the recommendations of the EAO Consensus Conference of 2012.

Whole Salivary Cotinine Levels and Interleukin 1-ß Levels among Young Adults Involuntarily Exposed to Vapor from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.

PURPOSE: To the assess whole salivary cotinine and interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß) levels among individuals involuntarily exposed to vapor from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) (test group) and unexposed individuals (control group). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Demographic data and information related to ENDS vapor exposure were collected using a questionnaire. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected, unstimulated whole-saliva flow rate (UWSFR) was calculated, and cotinine and IL-1ß levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sample-size estimation and statistical analysis were performed. Regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between whole salivary cotinine and IL-1ß levels. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Forty-eight individuals (24 and 24 in test and control groups, respectively) were included. Mean ages of individuals in the test and control groups were comparable. In the test group, the mean duration for which the individuals inhaled vapor from ENDS in each session was 22.3 ± 9.5 min and they were exposed to ENDS vapor 12.2 ± 2.4 times daily. There was no difference in the UWSFR between patients in the test (0.21 ± 0.02 ml/min) and control (0.22 ± 0.04 ml/min) groups. Whole salivary cotinine (p < 0.001) and IL-1ß (p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in the test than control group. CONCLUSION: Young adults involuntarily exposed to vapor from ENDS express elevated whole salivary cotinine and IL-1ß levels. Long-term exposure to ENDS vapor may potentially predispose vulnerable populations to oral and systemic inflammatory diseases.

Potential adjunct therapies for the management of temporomandibular disorders: An evidence-based review.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to review the role of adjuvant therapies that may potentially contribute toward the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). METHODS: The addressed focused question was, "Are there any adjuvant therapies that may contribute toward the management of TMD?". Indexed databases were searched up to June 2021. The eligibility criteria were the following: (a) original clinical studies and (b) randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). RESULTS: Adjuvant therapies were comprised of acupuncture, manual therapy, jaw exercises, dietary modifications, botulinum toxin therapy, and photobiomodulation. Short-term follow-up results from each of these RCTs showed beneficial effects in terms of pain reduction and improvements in jaw movement among patients with TMD. There are no long-term follow-up results in this regard. CONCLUSION: The most effective adjunct treatment for managing TMD remains unknown, primarily due to a lack of sufficient scientific evidence.

Analgesic Efficacy of Curcuma longa (Curcumin) after Surgical Periodontal Therapy.

PURPOSE: To compare the analgesic efficacy of orally administered Curcuma longa (curcumin) and mefenamic acid (MA) after surgical periodontal therapy (SPT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-six periodontitis patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the test group, patients received curcumin capsules (200 mg), and in the control group, patients received MA (500 mg). All patients underwent post-operative antibiotic therapy using 500 mg amoxicillin and 400 mg metronidazole for 7 days. Post-operative pain and discomfort were evaluated using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and verbal rating scale (VRS), respectively. Evaluation were performed after 24 (T1), 48 (T2), and 72 h (T3). Group comparisons were done using Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. The level of statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. RESULTS: All patients had stage 3/grade C periodontitis. The mean age of individuals in the test and control groups were 58.4 ± 7.3 and 57.2 ± 5.2 years, respectively. A family history of periodontal diseases was reported by 37.5% and 47.4% individuals in the test and control groups, respectively. In the test and control groups, the total mean duration of periodontal surgery was 168.2 ± 12.2 and 173.4 ± 10.7 min, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean NRS and VRS scores among patients in the test and control groups. In both groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the change in NRS scores at any time point. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with MA, curcumin is ineffective for pain and discomfort management after SPT. The possibility of the results being biased due to lack of operator blinding cannot be overlooked.

Influence of Glycemic Control on the Survival of Implants Placed in the Zygomatic Bone of Edentulous Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: 10-Year Follow-Up Results.

It is hypothesized that under optimal glycemic control (GC), there is no difference in the survival of implants placed in the zygomatic bone of edentulous patient with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim was to assess the influence of GC on survival of implants placed in the zygomatic bone of an edentulous patient with and without T2DM at the 10-year follow-up. Twenty patients with T2DM (10 with poorly controlled T2DM and 10 with well-controlled T2DM) and 12 patients without T2DM were included. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were recorded, and demographic data were collected from all participants. Peri-implant inflammatory parameters (plaque index [PI], probing depth [PD], crestal bone loss [BL], and gingival index [GI]) were measured in all patients. Group comparisons were done, and P values, which were less than .01, were indicative of statistical significance. Twenty and 12 male patients with and without T2DM, respectively, were included. Among patients with T2DM, 10 and 10 individuals had poorly and well-controlled T2DM, respectively. The mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher in patients with poorly controlled T2DM (9.2 ± 0.7%) compared with well-controlled T2DM (4.8 ± 0.3%; P < .01) and nondiabetic individuals (4.6 ± 0.3%; P < .01). The crestal BL on the mesial (P < .01) and distal (P < .01) surfaces, PD (P < .01), PI (P < .01), and GI (P < .01) were significantly higher around all zygoma implants placed in patients with poorly controlled T2DM compared with patients with well-controlled T2DM and patients without T2DM. These clinicoradiographic parameters were comparable around zygoma implants placed in patient with well-controlled T2DM and in subjects without T2DM. Optimal GC is essential for the long-term stability of zygomatic plants in patients with T2DM.

Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in regeneration of periodontal intrabony defects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Alveolar bone loss and mobility of teeth is commonly observed in periodontitis patients. Regeneration of periodontal intrabony defects is indicated to restore the lost bone and periodontal tissues. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of periodontal intrabony lesions by using nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NHA) graft and comparing it with open flap debridement (OFD) alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The eligibility criteria encompassed randomized (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs). Weighted mean differences were calculated for clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and gingival recession (REC) change, demonstrated as forest plots. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool were used for quality assessment of RCTs and non-randomized trials respectively. RESULTS: From 22 full-text articles identified, three RCTs, one CCT and one retrospective follow-up of RCT were included. All the five papers comprised the quantitative evaluation. The use of NHA graft provided additional CAL gain of 0.96 mm (p = 0.0009) and PPD reduction of 0.97 mm (p < 0.00001) when compared to OFD alone. However, in terms of REC changes, no considerable benefits of NHA graft were demonstrated than OFD alone (p = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS: The bioactive NHA graft showed promising results clinically in regenerative periodontology and can be considered for the management of periodontal intrabony defects. The use of NHA graft considerably provided better clinical outcomes in intrabony defects compared to using the OFD alone. Future research investigating NHA graft against other regenerative materials including specific BGs, at longer follow-up periods and bigger sample sizes and in furcation defects warranted.

Influence of low-level-laser therapy on the stability of orthodontic mini-screw implants. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The influence of low-level-laser therapy (LLLT) on the stability of orthodontic mini-screw implants (MSIs) has not been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to assess the influence of LLLT on the stability of orthodontic MSIs. METHODS: An unrestricted search of indexed databases was performed. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the influence of LLLT on orthodontic MSI stability. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently performed study retrieval and selection, and data extraction. The risk of bias (RoB) of individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane RoB Tool for RCTs. Meta-analyses were performed separately for RCTs using periotest and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) to measure MSI stability; and a random effects model was applied. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the time-points of MSI stability evaluation. The quality of available evidence was evaluated using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. RESULTS: Initially, 1332 articles were screened. Six RCTs with a split-mouth design were included. The periotest was used in 4 RCTs and 2 RCTs used RFA to measure MSI stability. All RCTs had a low RoB. Subgroup analyses based on periotest indicated that MSIs treated with LLLT had significantly higher stability than untreated MSIs at 21 and 30 days [weighted mean difference (MD) = -2.76, confidence interval (CI): [-4.17, -1.36], P-value = 0.0001) and at 60 days (weighted MD = -3.47, CI: [-4.58, -2.36], P < 0.00001); and the level of certainty was high. Subgroup analyses based on RFA showed higher stability of MSIs treated with than without LLLT at 56 and 60 days (standardized MD = 0.82, CI: [0.32, 1.32], P = 0.001), and at 70 and 90 days (standardized MD = 0.86, CI: [0.36, 1.36], P = 0.0007); and the level of certainty was moderate. LIMITATIONS: Due to limited number of relevant studies, it was not possible to perform sensitivity analysis, subgroup analyses for patient and intervention-related characteristics, and reporting biases assessment. CONCLUSIONS: The role of LLLT on the secondary stability of MSIs placed in patients undergoing OT remains debatable. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42021230291).