Effect of Recycled Fine Aggregates on the Mechanical and Drying Shrinkage Properties of Alkali-Activated Recycled Concrete.

In this paper, the workability, mechanical, ion leaching, and drying shrinkage properties of alkali-activated concrete with recycled coarse and fine aggregates were studied, and the pore structure and micro-morphology of different alkali-activated recycled aggregate concretes (AARACs) were characterized by using the mercury intrusion method and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The experimental results showed that with the increase in the replacement rate of the recycled fine aggregate (RFA), the flowability showed a decreasing trend. Adding a certain amount of RFA improves the mechanical properties of the AARAC. The compressive strength at a curing age of 28 days was 65.3 MPa with 70 wt% RFA replacement. When the replacement rate of the RFA was 100 wt%, the maximum splitting tensile strength (4.5 MPa) was obtained at a curing age of 7 days. However, the addition of the RFA had little effect on the flexural strength of the AARAC. As an extension of the curing age, the splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, tension-to-compression ratio, and flexure-to-compression ratio all showed an increasing trend at first and then a decreasing trend. At a curing age of 7 days, the tension-to-compression ratio and flexure-to-compression ratio were both high (except for those of R100), indicating that the ductility and toughness of the specimen were improved. The addition of the RFA increased the drying shrinkage of the AARAC. At a curing age of 120 days, compared to the specimen without the RFA, the drying shrinkage rate of the specimen with the addition of 70 wt% RFA increased by 34.15%. As the curing age increased, the microstructure of the reaction products became denser, but the proportion of large-diameter pores increased. This study evaluated the application of RFA in AARAC. The experimental results showed that the RFA-based AARAC had acceptable mechanical and durability properties.

Integrative analysis of network pharmacology and proteomics reveal the protective effect of Xiaoqinglong Decotion on neutrophilic asthma.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Xiaoqinglong Decotion (XQLD) is a commonly used Chinese herbal formula in clinical practice, especially for allergic diseases such as asthma. However, its intrinsic mechanism for the treatment of neutrophilic asthma (NA) remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and potential mechanisms of XQLD on NA using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First, the active compounds, potential targets and mechanisms of XQLD against NA were initially elucidated by network pharmacology. Then, OVA/CFA-induced NA mice were treated with XQLD to assess its efficacy. Proteins were then analyzed and quantified using a Tandem Mass Tags approach for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) to further reveal the mechanisms of NA treatment by XQLD. Finally, the hub genes, critical DEPs and potential pathways were validated. RESULTS: 176 active compounds and 180 targets against NA were identified in XQLD. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network revealed CXCL10, CX3CR1, TLR7, NCF1 and FABP4 as hub genes. In vivo experiments showed that XQLD attenuated inflammatory infiltrates, airway mucus secretion and remodeling in the lungs of NA mice. Moreover, XQLD significantly alleviated airway neutrophil inflammation in NA mice by decreasing the expression of IL-8, MPO and NE. XQLD also reduced the levels of CXCL10, CX3CR1, TLR7, NCF1 and FABP4, which are closely associated with neutrophil inflammation. Proteomics analysis identified 28 overlapping DEPs in the control, NA and XQLD groups, and we found that XQLD inhibited ferroptosis signal pathway (elevated GPX4 and decreased ASCL3) as well as the expression of ARG1, MMP12 and SPP1, while activating the Rap1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that inhibition of ARG1, MMP12 and SPP1 expression as well as ferroptosis pathways, and activation of the Rap1 signaling pathway contribute to the therapeutic effect of XQLD on NA.

Abdominal abscess caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica secondary to postoperative gastric fistula: case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, Raoultella ornithinolytica (R. ornithinolytica) have attracted clinical attention as a new type of pathogen. A wide range of infections with these germs is reported, and commonly found in urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and bacteremia. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of an elderly woman with liver abscess, choledocholithiasis and cholangitis, who developed gastric fistula and abdominal abscess after underwent choledocholithotomy, and R. ornithinolytica were isolated from the abdominal drainage fluid. The patient was treated with meropenem and levofloxacin and had a good outcome. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, case of isolating R. ornithinolytica from a patient with non-viscerally abdominal abscess was extremely rare. We share a case of a woman with non-viscerally abdominal abscess secondary to postoperative gastric fistula, R. ornithinolytica was isolated from the patient's pus, and the pathogenic bacteria may originate from the gastrointestinal tract. Based on this case, We should be cautious that invasive treatment may greatly increase the probability of infection with this pathogenic bacterium.

The L-shaped correlation between systolic blood pressure and short-term and long-term mortality in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: A large amount of evidence has shown the necessity of lowering blood pressure (BP) in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage, but whether reducing BP contributes to lower short-term and long-term mortality in these patients remains uncertain. AIMS: We aimed to explore the association between BP, including systolic and diastolic BP, during intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 1-month and 1-year mortality after discharge of patients with cerebral hemorrhage. METHODS: A total of 1085 patients with cerebral hemorrhage were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. Maximum and minimum values of systolic and diastolic BP in these patients during their ICU stay were recorded, and endpoint events were defined as the 1-month mortality and 1-year mortality after the first admission. Multivariable adjusted models were performed for the association of BP with the endpoint events. RESULTS: We observed that patients with hypertension were likely to be older, Asian or Black and had worse health insurance and higher systolic BP than those without hypertension. The logistic regression analysis showed inverse relationships between systolic BP-min (odds ratio (OR) = 0.986, 95% CI 0.983-0.989, P < 0.001) and diastolic BP-min (OR = 0.975, 95% CI 0.968-0.981, P < 0.001) and risks of 1-month, as well as 1-year mortality when controlling for confounders including age, sex, race, insurance, heart failure, myocardial infarct, malignancy, cerebral infarction, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, smooth curve analysis suggested an approximate L-shaped association of systolic BP with the risk of 1-month mortality and 1-year mortality. Reducing systolic BP in the range of 100-150 mmHg has a lower death risk in these patients with cerebral hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: We observed an L-shaped association between systolic BP levels and the risks of 1-month and 1-year mortality in patients with cerebral hemorrhage, which supported that lowering BP when treating an acute hypertensive response could reduce short-term and long-term mortality.

Analysis and Validation of TMED3 correlates with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration of glioma.

BACKGROUND: Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor. It is notorious for its high degree of malignancy, strong invasion, and poor prognosis. The transmembrane emp24 trafficking protein 3 (TMED3) belongs to the TMED family, which is responsible for intracellular protein transport and innate immune signal transmission. More and more evidence shows that TMED3 plays a key role in the tumor progression of human cancer. However, the role and potential molecular mechanism of TMED3 in glioma have not been clarified. METHODS: TMED3 expression levels, clinical data, survival prognosis, prediction of upstream miRNA, and immune-related analyses were all analyzed utilizing relevant databases. Finally, a molecular cell experiment confirmed TMED3 expression in glioma. RESULTS: We discovered that TMED3 is overexpressed in most tumors, including gliomas, and is associated with tumor staging and prognosis. Subsequently, a combination of a series of bioinformatics analyses, including correlation and survival analyses, identified miR-1296-5p as the most potent upstream miRNA of TMED3 in gliomas.Additionally, we analyzed the relationship between TMED3 level and tumor immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression. CONCLUSION: TMED3 is highly expressed in gliomas and is associated with tumor staging and affects the prognosis of patients. Therefore, the TMED3 gene may be a potential immunotherapy target and prognostic marker for gliomas.

Blood creatinine and urea nitrogen at ICU admission and the risk of in-hospital death and 1-year mortality in patients with intracranial hemorrhage.

Background: The relationship between renal function and clinical outcomes in patients with intracranial hemorrhage is controversial. Aims: We investigated the associations of blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels with hospital death and 1-year mortality in patients with intracranial hemorrhage treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A total of 2,682 patients with intracranial hemorrhage were included from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. Clinical variables, including admission creatinine, urea nitrogen, type of intracranial hemorrhage, underlying diseases and other blood biochemistry parameters, were collected. Multivariable correction analysis was conducted of the relationships between blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels on admission with hospital death and 1-year mortality in the included patients with intracranial hemorrhage. Smooth curve and subgroup analyses were also performed for these associations. Results: A total of 2,682 patients had their blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels measured within the first 24 h after ICU admission, with median values of 0.80 and 15.00 mg/dL, respectively. We observed steeply linear relationships between creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and the risk of in-hospital death and 1-year mortality, but the risk of in-hospital mortality and 1-year mortality increased little or only slowly above creatinine levels > 1.9 mg/dL or urea nitrogen > 29 mg/d (the inflection points). Consistently, conditional logistic regression analysis suggested that these inflection points had significant modification effects on the associations between blood creatinine levels, as well as blood urea nitrogen, and the risk of in-hospital death (interaction value < 0.001) and 1-year mortality (interaction value < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results supported the hypothesis that elevated blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels on admission are associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death and 1-year mortality in patients with intracranial hemorrhage. Interestingly, these independent relationships existed only for lower levels of serum creatinine (<1.9 mg/dL) and uric acid (<29 mg/dL).

Identification of Molecular Markers Related to Immune Infiltration in Patients with Severe Asthma: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis Based on the Human Bronchial Epithelial Transcriptome.

Background: Severe asthma (SA), a heterogeneous inflammatory disease characterized by immune cell infiltration, is particularly difficult to treat and manage. The airway epithelium is an important tissue in regulating innate and adaptive immunity, and targeting airway epithelial cell may contribute to improving the efficacy of asthma therapy. Methods: Bioinformatics methods were utilized to identify the hub genes and signaling pathways involved in SA. Experiments were performed to determine whether these hub genes and signaling pathways were affected by the differences in immune cell infiltration. Results: The weighted gene coexpression network analysis identified 14 coexpression modules, among which the blue and salmon modules exhibited the strongest associations with SA. The blue module was mainly enriched in actomyosin structure organization and was associated with regulating stem cell pluripotency signaling pathways. The salmon module was mainly involved in cornification, skin development, and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-lacto and neolacto series. The protein-protein interaction network and module analysis identified 11 hub genes in the key modules. The CIBERSORTx algorithm revealed statistically significant differences in CD8+ T cells (P = 0.013), T follicular helper cells (P = 0.002), resting mast cells (P = 0.004), and neutrophils (P = 0.002) between patients with SA and mild-moderate asthma patients. Pearson's correlation analysis identified 11 genes that were significantly associated with a variety of immune cells. We further predicted the utility of some potential drugs and validated our results in external datasets. Conclusion: Our results may help provide a better understanding of the relationship between the airway epithelial transcriptome and clinical data of SA. And this study will help to guide the development of SA-targeted molecular therapy.

Comparison of Dural Graft Types and Graft Fixation Methods in Chiari Malformation Type I Decompression Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Suboccipital decompression with duraplasty is being increasingly accepted for treating patients with Chiari malformation type I (CM-1). To date, the optimal duraplasty for CM-I has not been delineated. This study aims to compare the clinical and radiologic effects of duraplasty performed using 2 types of grafts and 2 graft fixation methods in 3 combinations. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 84 consecutive decompressions with duraplasty were analyzed. Two types of grafts (nonautologous [Non-Auto G], 90.5% and autologous [Auto G], 9.5%) and 2 graft fixations (suturing [S], 31.0%; and suturing plus gluing [S + G], 69.0%) were used in 3 different combinations: Non-Auto G S: 31.0%; Non-Auto G S + G: 59.5%, and Auto G S + G: 9.5%. All patients were followed up for 3 months. Clinical results were evaluated using the Gestalt scale, and syringomyelia results were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: According to the Gestalt scale, 82.1% of the patients showed improvement 3 months post operation, and the improvement was not related to the type of graft (P = 0.90), fixation (P = 0.90), or duraplasty (P = 0.81). Decreased syringomyelia was observed in 76.4% of the patients. It was not associated with the graft (P = 0.53), fixation (P = 0.72), or duraplasty (P = 0.80). Meningitis occurred in the Auto G S + G, Non-Auto G S + G and Non-Auto G S groups (25%, 48%, and 23.1%, respectively; P = 0.30), and their formations were not related to the k graft type (P = 0.57) or fixation (P = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: Autologous and nonautologous dural grafts can be performed using either sutures or sutures plus glue, as both result in similar outcomes.

The Effect and Mechanism of Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass to Treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Rat Model.

OBJECTIVES: Bariatric surgery can treat obesity and T2DM, but the specific mechanism is unknown. This study investigated the effect and possible mechanism of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) to treat T2DM. METHODS: A T2DM rat model was established using a high-fat, high-sugar diet and a low dose of streptozotocin. DJB surgery and a sham operation (SO) were performed to analyze the effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation changes. Furthermore, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the ileum and the markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the pancreas were examined after the surgery. The insulinoma cells (INS-1) were divided into three groups; group A was cultured with a normal sugar content (11.1 mmol/L), group B was cultured with fluctuating high glucose (11.1 mmol/L alternating with 33.3 mmol/L), and group C was cultured with fluctuating high glucose and exendin-4 (100 nmol/L). The cells were continuously cultured for 7 days in complete culture medium. The viability of the INS-1 cells was then investigated using the MTT method, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the ERS markers were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The blood glucose, lipids, insulin, and TNF-α were significantly elevated in the T2DM model. A gradual recovery was observed in the DJB group. GLP-1 expression in the distal ileum of the DJB group was significantly higher than that in the T2DM control group (DM) and the SO group (p < 0.05), and the markers of ERS expression in the pancreases of the DJB group decreased significantly more than those of groups DM and SO (p < 0.05). Compared with group A, the cell viability in group B was decreased, and the ERS and apoptosis were increased (p < 0.05). However, compared with group B, the cell viability in group C was improved, and the ERS and apoptosis declined (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: DJB can be used to treat T2DM in T2DM rats. The mechanism may be that the DJB stimulates the increased expression of GLP-1 on the far side of the ileum, and then, GLP-1 inhibits ERS in the pancreas, reducing the apoptosis of ß cells to create a treatment effect in the T2DM rats.

Experimental and Computational Studies on the Directing Ability of Chalcogenoethers in Palladium-Catalyzed Atroposelective C-H Olefination and Allylation.

We present herein our experimental and DFT computational studies on the directing ability of chalcogenoether motifs in Pd-catalyzed atroposelective C-H functionalization. The thioether motif was found to be a superior directing group compared to the corresponding ether and selenoether in terms of reactivity and enantiocontrol. Remarkably, DFT calculation provided a predictive model for the optimization of reaction conditions and the interpretation of the origin of enantioselectivity. Both Pd-catalyzed enantioselective C-H olefination and allylation reactions were successfully developed using chiral phosphoric acids as efficient ligands, providing a broad range of axially chiral biaryls in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The highly enantio- and diastereoselective construction of polyaryls bearing multiple stereogenic axes, gram-scale reaction and various chemical transformations make this protocol more attractive and significant.

Case Report: Rhabdomyolysis in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A rare case with implications for management.

Background: In recent years, some cases of rhabdomyolysis after surgery have been reported. In this report, we present an adult patient with rhabdomyolysis after intracranial aneurysm surgery. Case Report: A 59-year-old male suffered from a coma, fever, and soy sauce urine after intracranial aneurysm clipping. A routine blood examination showed that liver and kidney function were impaired, and creatine phosphokinase(CK) and creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme(CK-MB) levels increased. Therefore, we consider patients with rhabdomyolysis after intracranial aneurysm surgery. A series of treatment schemes, such as intravenous fluid infusion, alkalized urine, and hemodialysis, were adopted immediately, and finally the patient was discharged safely. Conclusion: For some postoperative patients, once the level of CK/CK-MB increases, acute renal damage occurs, and the urine color turns soy sauce, we should be alert to postoperative rhabdomyolysis.For those patients who have been diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis, we need to take timely treatment measures to avoid an unfortunate occurrence.

Effect of endoscopic resection on short-term surgical outcomes of subsequent laparoscopic gastrectomy: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic resection (ER) might affect subsequent laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) because of the electrical coagulation, but the effect remains controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to analyze the effect of ER on the short-term surgical outcomes of subsequent LG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to find eligible studies published from inception to March 21, 2021. Short-term surgical outcomes were compared between the ER-LG group and the LG-only group. The registration ID of this current meta-analysis on PROSPERO is CRD42021238031. RESULTS: Nine studies involving 3611 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The LG-only group had a higher T stage (T1-T2: OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.09 to 5.34, P=0.03; T3-T4: OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.19 to 0.91, P=0.03) than the ER-LG group. The ER-LG group showed a shorter operation time than the LG-only group (MD=-5.98, 95% CI=-10.99 to -0.97, P=0.02). However, no difference was found in operation time after subgroup analysis of propensity score matching studies. No significant difference was found in intraoperative blood loss, time to first oral feeding, or postoperative hospital stay between the ER-LG group and the LG-only group. And no significance was found in overall complications (OR=1.16, 95% CI=0.89 to 1.50, P=0.27), complications of grade ≥ II (OR=1.11, 95% CI=0.71 to 1.73, P=0.64), complications of grade ≥ III b (OR=1.47, 95% CI=0.49 to 4.43, P=0.49) between the ER-LG group and the LG-only group. CONCLUSIONS: ER did not affect subsequent LG in terms of short-term outcomes, and the ER-LG group might have a shorter operation time than the LG-only group.

Thioamide-Directed Cp*Co(III)-Catalyzed C-H Allylation of Ferrocenes.

Herein, the first Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed C-H allylation of ferrocene thioamides with allyl carbonates has been developed. This reaction is compatible with a wide range of functional groups, providing various allylated ferrocene derivatives in up to 90% yields. In addition, the C-H allylation protocol is also compatible with the use of vinylcyclopropanes as allylating reagents by merging C-H and C-C activation into one catalytic system. Mechanistic studies revealed that the thiocarbonyl-directing group plays a vital role in C-H activation.

Neuropilin-1 Interacts with Fibronectin-1 to Promote Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Progress in Gastric Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) binds to many ligands and co-receptors and affects cell survival and migration, which is essential for tumor progression. However, there are still largely unknowns about how NRP1 affects the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related malignant progression in gastric cancer. METHODS: We used TCGA to analyze the expression of NRP1 in gastric cancer and its impact on patient survival. In in vitro experiments, transwell, wound healing and colony formation assays were used to evaluate the effects of NRP1 and ginsenoside Rg3 on the invasion, migration and proliferation of gastric cancer cells. In in vivo experiments, we evaluated the overexpression and knockdown of NRP1 and the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on tumor growth. RESULTS: We found that NRP1 is highly expressed in advanced gastric cancer and associated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of NRP1 expression can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Mechanically. NRP1 interacts with fibronectin-1 (FN1) to promote the malignant progression of gastric cancer cells through ECM remodeling. In addition, we found that ginsenoside Rg3 can block the interaction of NRP1 and FN1 and inhibit the progression of gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that the interaction of NRP1 and FN1 is crucial for the malignant progression of gastric cancer. This may provide a new perspective and potential treatment methods for the treatment of gastric cancer.

Transition Metal-Catalyzed Enantioselective C-H Functionalization via Chiral Transient Directing Group Strategies.

Transition metal-catalyzed enantioselective functionalization of C-H bond, the most abundant functionality in organic molecules, has emerged as an expedient synthetic approach to streamline the synthesis of complex chiral molecules. Despite significant progress, traditional directing group-enabled strategies require additional steps for the installation and removal of directing groups from the target molecule. The recently developed asymmetric C-H functionalization using chiral transient directing groups (cTDGs) offers a promising alternative that can circumvent this obstacle and therefore simplify the process. In this Minireview, we briefly discuss the advent and recent advances of this emerging concept, with an emphasis on discussing the creation of various stereogenic centers and the developments of cTDGs. Applications in natural product synthesis and ligand derivatizations are also discussed. We hope this Minireview will highlight the great potential of this strategy and help to inspire further endeavors.

Room-Temperature Guerbet Reaction with Unprecedented Catalytic Efficiency and Enantioselectivity.

We report herein an unprecedented highly efficient Guerbet-type reaction at room temperature (catalytic TON up to >6000). This ß-alkylation of secondary methyl carbinols with primary alcohols has significant advantage of delivering higher-order secondary alcohols in an economical, redox-neutral fashion. In addition, the first enantioselective Guerbet reaction has also been achieved using a commercially available chiral ruthenium complex to deliver secondary alcohols with moderate yield and up to 92 % ee. In both reactions, the use of a traceless ketone promoter proved to be beneficial for the catalytic efficiency.

Comparison of the short-term outcomes between totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy and laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG) and laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG) are two common surgical approaches for upper and middle gastric cancer. Which surgical approach offers more advantages is still controversial due to a lack of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This meta-analysis was conducted to compare the short-term outcomes between the two surgical approaches. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed to evaluate short-term outcomes between TLTG and LATG, including overall postoperative complications, anastomosis-related complications, time for anastomosis, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, harvested lymph nodes, proximal margin, distal margin, time to first flatus, time to first diet, and postoperative hospital stay. Short-term outcomes were pooled and compared by meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3. Mean differences (MDs) or risk ratios (RRs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 9 cohort studies fulfilled the selection criteria. The total sample included 1671 cases. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference between the two surgical approaches in overall postoperative complications (RR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.82 to 1.26, P = .87),anastomosis-related complications (RR = 0.64, 95%CI = 0.39 to 1.03, P = .06),time for anastomosis (MD = -5.13, 95% CI = -10.54 to 0.27, P = .06),operation time (MD = -10.68, 95% CI = -23.62 to 2.26, P = .11), intraoperative blood loss (MD = -25.58, 95% CI = -61.71 to 10.54, P = .17), harvested lymph nodes (MD = 1.61, 95% CI = -2.09 to 5.31, P = .39), proximal margin (MD = -0.37, 95% CI = -0.78 to 0.05, P = .09), distal margin (MD = 0.79, 95% CI = -0.57 to 2.14, P = .25), time to first flatus (MD = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.13 to 0.15, P = .87), time to first diet (MD = -0.22, 95% CI = -0.45 to 0.02, P = .07), and postoperative hospital stay (MD = -0.51, 95% CI = -1.10 to 0.07, P = .09). CONCLUSIONS: TLTG is a safe and feasible surgical approach for upper and middle gastric cancer, with short-term outcomes that are similar to LATG. Nevertheless, high-quality, large-sample and multicenter RCTs are still required to further verify our conclusions.

Recent advances in the synthesis of axially chiral biaryls via transition metal-catalysed asymmetric C-H functionalization.

Axially chiral biaryl motifs are widely present in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, they have been broadly used as privileged ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Over the past few decades, the efficient synthesis of axially chiral biaryls has been a research topic of great interest. This feature article will provide an overview of recent advances in the synthesis of these chiral skeletons via transition metal-catalysed asymmetric C-H functionalization.

Synthesis of Chiral Aldehyde Catalysts by Pd-Catalyzed Atroposelective C-H Naphthylation.

Chiral aldehyde catalysis opens new avenues for the activation of simple amines. However, the lack of easy access to structurally diverse chiral aldehyde catalysts has hampered the development of this cutting-edge field. Herein, we report a Pd-catalyzed atroposelective C-H naphthylation with 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes for the preparation of axially chiral biaryls with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee). This reaction is scalable and robust, which serves as a key step to provide a rapid access to axially chiral aldehyde catalysts through a three-step C-H functionalization sequence. These chiral aldehydes exhibit better activities and enantioselectivities than the previously reported organocatalysts in the asymmetric activation of glycine derived amides and dipeptides. Moreover, preliminary investigation also discloses that the aldehyde catalyst can effectively override the intrinsic facial selectivity of chiral dipeptide substrates, showcasing the strong chiral induction ability of this type of novel aldehyde catalysts.