RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the safety and impact of an oral theophylline loading dose calculated to achieve a 10- to 15-mg/L plasma concentration when administered 1.5 hours before electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study using inpatient hospital records between January 2007 and June 2012 at the Dr. Georges L. Dumont University Hospital Centre. Patients receiving a series of ECTs with a calculated theophylline loading dose were selected. Variables collected include ECT parameters for each ECT, medications received, and treatment-related side effects. RESULTS: We identified 35 patients and analyzed 14 who had no treatment modifications except for the addition of theophylline. The mean predicted theophylline plasma concentration was 12.99 (SD, 1.09) mg/L with dosages ranging from 260 to 600 mg. Eight patients (89%) with abortive seizures and 4 (80%) with missed seizures achieved a seizure duration of greater than 15 seconds with theophylline. Seizure duration increased by 165.6% (+21.3 seconds; P = 0.048) with theophylline, and all patients (N = 5) with a maximum sustained coherence of less than 92% achieved an increase after theophylline; however, the overall increase (+8.8%, P = 0.087) was not significant. No theophylline-related adverse events were documented in 128 ECTs with theophylline, and no seizure exceeded 120 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: A calculated theophylline loading dose before ECT is well tolerated and effective in prolonging seizure duration and aiding with seizure generation in patients who do not seize readily. Its positive impact in patients with lower maximum sustained coherence, in addition to the potential existence of a dose-response relationship, should be further investigated.
Assuntos
Eletroconvulsoterapia/métodos , Antagonistas de Receptores Purinérgicos P1/uso terapêutico , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Teofilina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antagonistas de Receptores Purinérgicos P1/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas de Receptores Purinérgicos P1/sangue , Estudos Retrospectivos , Teofilina/administração & dosagem , Teofilina/sangueRESUMO
ABT-348 [1-(4-(4-amino-7-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea] is a novel ATP-competitive multitargeted kinase inhibitor with nanomolar potency (IC(50)) for inhibiting binding and cellular autophosphorylation of Aurora B (7 and 13 nM), C (1 and 13 nM), and A (120 and 189 nM). Cellular activity against Aurora B is reflected by inhibition of phosphorylation of histone H3, induction of polyploidy, and inhibition of proliferation of a variety of leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumor cell lines (IC(50) = 0.3-21 nM). In vivo inhibition of Aurora B was confirmed in an engrafted leukemia model by observing a decrease in phosphorylation of histone H3 that persisted in a dose-dependent manner for 8 h and correlated with plasma concentration of ABT-348. Evaluation of ABT-348 across a panel of 128 kinases revealed additional potent binding activity (K(i) < 30 nM) against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) families and the Src family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. VEGFR/PDGFR binding activity correlated with inhibition of autophosphorylation in cells and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated endothelial cell proliferation (IC(50) ≤ 0.3 nM). Evidence of on-target activity in vivo was provided by the potency for blocking VEGF-mediated vascular permeability and inducing plasma placental growth factor. Activity against the Src kinase family was evident in antiproliferative activity against BCR-ABL chronic myeloid leukemia cells and cells expressing the gleevec-resistant BCR-ABL T315I mutation. On the basis of its unique spectrum of activity, ABT-348 was evaluated and found effective in representative solid tumor [HT1080 and pancreatic carcinoma (MiaPaCa), tumor stasis] and hematological malignancy (RS4;11, regression) xenografts. These results provide the rationale for clinical assessment of ABT-348 as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer.
Assuntos
Aminopiridinas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Compostos de Fenilureia/farmacologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores do Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinases da Família src/antagonistas & inibidores , Aminopiridinas/química , Aminopiridinas/farmacocinética , Aminopiridinas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Aurora Quinase B , Aurora Quinases , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Histonas/antagonistas & inibidores , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Leucemia Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Experimental/enzimologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos SCID , Estrutura Molecular , Células NIH 3T3 , Compostos de Fenilureia/química , Compostos de Fenilureia/farmacocinética , Compostos de Fenilureia/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Tempo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Four hinge-binding scaffolds have been explored for novel selective Aurora kinase inhibitors. The structure activity relationship, selectivity and pharmacokinetic profiles have been evaluated.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Aurora Quinases , Linhagem Celular , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
In an effort to identify kinase inhibitors with dual KDR/Aurora B activity and improved aqueous solubility compared to the Abbott dual inhibitor ABT-348, a series of novel pyrazole pyrimidines structurally related to kinase inhibitor AS703569 were prepared. SAR work provided analogs with significant cellular activity, measureable aqueous solubility and moderate antitumor activity in a mouse tumor model after weekly ip dosing. Unfortunately these compounds were pan-kinase inhibitors that suffered from narrow therapeutic indices which prohibited their use as antitumor agents.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirazóis/química , Pirimidinas/química , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Aminação , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Aurora Quinase B , Aurora Quinases , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microssomos Hepáticos/enzimologia , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
In an effort to identify multi-targeted kinase inhibitors with a novel spectrum of kinase activity, a screen of Abbott proprietary KDR inhibitors against a broad panel of kinases was conducted and revealed a series of thienopyridine ureas with promising activity against the Aurora kinases. Modification of the diphenyl urea and C7 moiety of these compounds provided potent inhibitors with good pharmacokinetic profiles that were efficacious in mouse tumor models after oral dosing. Compound 2 (ABT-348) of this series is currently undergoing Phase I clinical trials in solid and hematological cancer populations.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Ureia/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Camundongos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio VascularRESUMO
In an effort to discover Aurora kinase inhibitors, an HTS hit revealed an amide containing pyrrolopyrimidine compound. Replacement of the pyrrolopyrimidine residue with a thienopyrimidine moiety led to a series of potent and selective Aurora inhibitors.
Assuntos
Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Animais , Aurora Quinases , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/química , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Small molecule inhibitors of PARP-1 have been pursued by various organizations as potential therapeutic agents either capable of sensitizing cytotoxic treatments or acting as stand-alone agents to combat cancer. As one of the strategies to expand our portfolio of PARP-1 inhibitors, we pursued unsaturated heterocycles to replace the saturated cyclic amine derivatives appended to the benzimidazole core. Not only did a variety of these new generation compounds maintain high enzymatic potency, many of them also displayed robust cellular activity. For example, the enzymatic IC(50) and cellular EC(50) values were as low as 1 nM or below. Compounds 24 (EC(50) = 3.7 nM) and 44 (EC(50) = 7.8 nM), featuring an oxadiazole and a pyridine moiety, respectively, demonstrated balanced potency and PK profiles. In addition, these two molecules exhibited potent oral in vivo efficacy in potentiating the cytotoxic agent temozolomide in a B16F10 murine melanoma model.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Benzimidazóis/síntese química , Oxidiazóis/síntese química , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases , Piridinas/síntese química , Administração Oral , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes , Benzimidazóis/farmacocinética , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Disponibilidade Biológica , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Dacarbazina/análogos & derivados , Dacarbazina/farmacologia , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Transplante de Neoplasias , Oxidiazóis/farmacocinética , Oxidiazóis/farmacologia , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1 , Piridinas/farmacocinética , Piridinas/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Temozolomida , Transplante HeterólogoRESUMO
7-Aminopyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine urea receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been discovered. Investigation of structure-activity relationships of the pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine nucleus led to a series of 6-(4- N, N'-diphenyl)ureas that potently inhibited a panel of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) kinases. Several of these compounds, such as 34a, are potent inhibitors of kinase insert domain-containing receptor tyrosine kinase (KDR) both enzymatically (<10 nM) and cellularly (<10 nM). In addition, compound 34a possesses a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and demonstrates efficacy in the estradiol-induced murine uterine edema (UE) model (ED 50 = 1.4 mg/kg).
Assuntos
Compostos de Fenilureia/síntese química , Compostos de Fenilureia/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Animais , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/enzimologia , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Compostos de Fenilureia/química , Compostos de Fenilureia/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Pirazóis/química , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ureia/química , Doenças Uterinas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Uterinas/enzimologiaRESUMO
We report the discovery of the pyrimido-diazepine scaffolds as novel adenine mimics. Structure-based design led to the discovery of analogs with potent inhibitory activity against receptor tyrosine kinases, such as KDR, Flt3 and c-Kit. Compound 14 exhibited low nanomolar KDR enzymatic and cellular potencies (IC(50)=9 and 52 nM, respectively).
Assuntos
Azepinas/síntese química , Azepinas/farmacologia , Desenho de Fármacos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/química , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Células 3T3 , Animais , Azepinas/química , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/química , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A series of benzoisoxazoles and benzoisothiazoles have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Structure-activity relationship studies led to the identification of 3-amino benzo[ d]isoxazoles, incorporating a N, N'-diphenyl urea moiety at the 4-position that potently inhibited both the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor families of RTKs. Within this series, orally bioavailable compounds possessing promising pharmacokinetic profiles were identified, and a number of compounds demonstrated in vivo efficacy in models of VEGF-stimulated vascular permeability and tumor growth. In particular, compound 50 exhibited an ED 50 of 2.0 mg/kg in the VEGF-stimulated uterine edema model and 81% inhibition in the human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) tumor growth model when given orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day.
Assuntos
Isoxazóis/síntese química , Modelos Moleculares , Oxazóis/síntese química , Compostos de Fenilureia/síntese química , Receptores do Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/síntese química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacocinética , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Sítios de Ligação , Disponibilidade Biológica , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Isoxazóis/farmacocinética , Isoxazóis/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Células NIH 3T3 , Oxazóis/farmacocinética , Oxazóis/farmacologia , Compostos de Fenilureia/farmacocinética , Compostos de Fenilureia/farmacologia , Fosforilação , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Útero/irrigação sanguínea , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Tumor angiogenesis is mediated by KDR and other VEGFR and PDGFR kinases. Their inhibition presents an attractive approach for developing anticancer therapeutics. Here, we report a series of aminopyrazolopyridine ureas as potent VEGFR/PDGFR multitargeted kinase inhibitors. A number of compounds have been identified to be orally bioavailable and efficacious in the mouse edema model.
Assuntos
Aminopiridinas/química , Aminopiridinas/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Receptores do Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Ureia/análogos & derivados , Administração Oral , Aminopiridinas/síntese química , Aminopiridinas/farmacocinética , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/metabolismo , Feminino , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirazóis/química , Pirazóis/farmacocinética , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ureia/síntese química , Ureia/farmacologia , Doenças Uterinas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Uterinas/metabolismoRESUMO
The synthesis of a novel series of 1,4-dihydroindeno[1,2-c]pyrazoles with acetylene-type side chains is described. Optimization of those compounds as KDR kinase inhibitors identified 8, which displayed an oral activity in an estradiol-induced murine uterine edema model (ED50 = 3 mg/kg) superior to Sutent (ED50 = 9 mg/kg) and showed potent antitumor efficacy in an MX-1 human breast carcinoma xenograft tumor growth model (tumor growth inhibition = 90% at 25 mg/kg.day po). The compound was docked into a homology model of the homo-tetrameric pore domain of the hERG potassium channel to identify strategies to improve its cardiac safety profile. Systematic interruption of key binding interactions between 8 and Phe656, Tyr652, and Ser624 yielded 90, which only showed an IC50 of 11.6 microM in the hERG patch clamp assay. The selectivity profile for 8 and 90 revealed that both compounds are multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors with low nanomolar potencies against the members of the VEGFR and PDGFR kinase subfamilies.
Assuntos
Alcinos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/efeitos dos fármacos , Indenos/síntese química , Pirazóis/síntese química , Receptores do Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Tiofenos/síntese química , Alcinos/efeitos adversos , Alcinos/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Ligação Competitiva , Linhagem Celular , Canal de Potássio ERG1 , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Estradiol , Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Indenos/efeitos adversos , Indenos/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Ligação Proteica , Pirazóis/efeitos adversos , Pirazóis/metabolismo , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Ensaio Radioligante , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiofenos/metabolismo , Tiofenos/farmacologia , Doenças Uterinas/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Uterinas/tratamento farmacológico , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
In our continued efforts to search for potent and novel receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors as potential anticancer agents, we discovered, through a structure-based design, that 3-aminoindazole could serve as an efficient hinge-binding template for kinase inhibitors. By incorporating an N,N'-diaryl urea moiety at the C4-position of 3-aminodazole, a series of RTK inhibitors were generated, which potently inhibited the tyrosine kinase activity of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor families. A number of compounds with potent oral activity were identified by utilizing an estradiol-induced mouse uterine edema model and an HT1080 human fibrosarcoma xenograft tumor model. In particular, compound 17p (ABT-869) was found to possess favorable pharmacokinetic profiles across different species and display significant tumor growth inhibition in multiple preclinical animal models.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/síntese química , Indazóis/síntese química , Compostos de Fenilureia/síntese química , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Trifosfato de Adenosina/química , Administração Oral , Inibidores da Angiogênese/química , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/patologia , Estradiol , Feminino , Humanos , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Indazóis/química , Indazóis/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Células NIH 3T3 , Compostos de Fenilureia/química , Compostos de Fenilureia/farmacologia , Fosforilação , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/química , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/patologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
In 15% to 30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), aberrant proliferation is a consequence of a juxtamembrane mutation in the FLT3 gene (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication [FLT3-ITD]), causing constitutive kinase activity. ABT-869 (a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) inhibited the phosphorylation of FLT3, STAT5, and ERK, as well as Pim-1 expression in MV-4-11 and MOLM-13 cells (IC(50) approximately 1-10 nM) harboring the FLT3-ITD. ABT-869 inhibited the proliferation of these cells (IC(50) = 4 and 6 nM, respectively) through the induction of apoptosis (increased sub-G(0)/G(1) phase, caspase activation, and PARP cleavage), whereas cells harboring wild-type (wt)-FLT3 were less sensitive. In normal human blood spiked with AML cells, ABT-869 inhibited phosphorylation of FLT3 (IC(50) approximately 100 nM), STAT5, and ERK, and decreased Pim-1 expression. In methylcellulose-based colony-forming assays, ABT-869 had no significant effect up to 1000 nM on normal hematopoietic progenitor cells, whereas in AML patient samples harboring both FLT3-ITD and wt-FLT3, ABT-869 inhibited colony formation (IC(50) = 100 and 1000 nM, respectively). ABT-869 dose-dependently inhibited MV-4-11 and MOLM-13 flank tumor growth, prevented tumor formation, regressed established MV-4-11 xenografts, and increased survival by 20 weeks in an MV-4-11 engraftment model. In tumors, ABT-869 inhibited FLT3 phosphorylation, induced apoptosis (transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling [TUNEL]) and decreased proliferation (Ki67). ABT-869 is under clinical development for AML.
Assuntos
Indazóis/farmacologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos de Fenilureia/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional/efeitos dos fármacos , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Fase G1/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Células K562 , Antígeno Ki-67/biossíntese , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/enzimologia , Camundongos , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1 , Fase de Repouso do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Transcrição STAT5/metabolismo , Ensaio Tumoral de Célula-Tronco , Células U937RESUMO
A series of substituted thienopyridine ureas was prepared and evaluated for enzymatic and cellular inhibition of KDR kinase activity. Several of these analogs, such as 2, are potent inhibitors of KDR (<10 nM) in both enzymatic and cellular assays. Further characterization of inhibitor 2 indicated that this analog possessed excellent in vivo potency (ED50 2.1 mg/kg) as measured in an estradiol-induced mouse uterine edema model.
Assuntos
Piridinas/síntese química , Ureia/síntese química , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Estradiol , Feminino , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Piridinas/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ureia/química , Ureia/farmacologia , Doenças Uterinas/patologiaRESUMO
A series of isothiazolopyrimidines and isoxazolopyrimidines were synthesized and identified as potent KDR inhibitors. SAR studies led to isothiazolopyrimidine urea analogs that potently inhibit VEGFR tyrosine kinases (KDR enzymatic and cellular IC(50) values below 10 nM) as well as cKIT and TIE2. The selected compounds 8 and 13 display 56% and 48% oral bioavailability in mice, respectively.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/química , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Animais , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Cinética , Camundongos , Modelos Químicos , Modelos Moleculares , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/química , Receptor TIE-2/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
ABT-869 is a structurally novel, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that is a potent inhibitor of members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor families (e.g., KDR IC50 = 4 nmol/L) but has much less activity (IC50s > 1 micromol/L) against unrelated RTKs, soluble tyrosine kinases, or serine/threonine kinases. The inhibition profile of ABT-869 is evident in cellular assays of RTK phosphorylation (IC50 = 2, 4, and 7 nmol/L for PDGFR-beta, KDR, and CSF-1R, respectively) and VEGF-stimulated proliferation (IC50 = 0.2 nmol/L for human endothelial cells). ABT-869 is not a general antiproliferative agent because, in most cancer cells, >1,000-fold higher concentrations of ABT-869 are required for inhibition of proliferation. However, ABT-869 exhibits potent antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on cancer cells whose proliferation is dependent on mutant kinases, such as FLT3. In vivo ABT-869 is effective orally in the mechanism-based murine models of VEGF-induced uterine edema (ED50 = 0.5 mg/kg) and corneal angiogenesis (>50% inhibition, 15 mg/kg). In tumor growth studies, ABT-869 exhibits efficacy in human fibrosarcoma and breast, colon, and small cell lung carcinoma xenograft models (ED50 = 1.5-5 mg/kg, twice daily) and is also effective (>50% inhibition) in orthotopic breast and glioma models. Reduction in tumor size and tumor regression was observed in epidermoid carcinoma and leukemia xenograft models, respectively. In combination, ABT-869 produced at least additive effects when given with cytotoxic therapies. Based on pharmacokinetic analysis from tumor growth studies, efficacy correlated more strongly with time over a threshold value (cellular KDR IC50 corrected for plasma protein binding = 0.08 microg/mL, >or=7 hours) than with plasma area under the curve or Cmax. These results support clinical assessment of ABT-869 as a therapeutic agent for cancer.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Indazóis/farmacologia , Compostos de Fenilureia/farmacologia , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Células 3T3 , Animais , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Córnea , Edema , Feminino , Camundongos , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosforilação , Receptores do Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores do Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Vasos Retinianos/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasos Retinianos/fisiologia , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The properties of several multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been studied for their inhibition of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) signaling. A structurally novel, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ABT-869), imatinib (STI571), and four compounds currently in clinical development (AG013736, BAY 43-9006, CHIR258, and SU11248) were tested for inhibition of CSF-1R signaling in both the enzymatic and cellular assays. ABT-869 showed potent CSF-1R inhibition in both the enzyme and cell-based assays (IC50s < 20 nmol/L). In contrast to a previous report, we have found that imatinib has activity against human CSF-1R in both assays at submicromolar concentrations. In enzyme assays, we have found that the inhibition of CSF-1R by both ABT-869 and imatinib are competitive with ATP, with Ki values of 3 and 120 nmol/L, respectively. SU11248 is a potent inhibitor of CSF-1R in the enzyme assay (IC50 = 7 nmol/L) and inhibits receptor phosphorylation in the cellular assay (IC50 = 61 nmol/L). AG013736 was also a potent inhibitor of CSF-1R in both assays (enzyme, IC50 = 16 nmol/L; cellular, IC50 = 21 nmol/L), whereas BAY 43-9006 is less potent in the enzyme assay (IC50 = 107 nmol/L) than in the cellular system (IC50 = 20 nmol/L). In contrast, we found that CHIR258 had less activity in the cellular assay (IC50 = 535 nmol/L) relative to its enzymatic potency (IC50 = 26 nmol/L). These results show the use of a cell-based assay to confirm the inhibitory activity of lead compounds and drug candidates, such as ABT-869, against the CSF-1R protein in situ.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Indazóis/farmacologia , Compostos de Fenilureia/farmacologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor de Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Macrófagos/antagonistas & inibidores , Células 3T3 , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Benzamidas , Sítios de Ligação , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib , Cinética , Chumbo/farmacologia , Camundongos , Fosforilação , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , TransfecçãoRESUMO
Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) proteins are a class of protein deacetylase enzymes that play key roles in transcriptional gene silencing, DNA repair, and aging. Here, we describe the high-level bacterial expression and purification of a human SirT2 construct that yields high resolution NMR spectra. By removing the N-terminal helix alpha0 and using Thioredoxin as a fusion partner, greater than 10 mg/L of purified protein can be obtained from minimal media. The protein is fully functional and enables NMR-based screening and structural studies of this important protein.
Assuntos
Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/isolamento & purificação , Sirtuínas/biossíntese , Sirtuínas/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Humanos , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/química , Sirtuína 2 , Sirtuínas/genética , Tiorredoxinas/metabolismoRESUMO
A series of novel thienopyrimidine-based receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been discovered. Investigation of structure-activity relationships at the 5- and 6-positions of the thienopyrimidine nucleus led to a series of N,N'-diaryl ureas that potently inhibit all of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor tyrosine kinases. A kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) homology model suggests that these compounds bind to the "inactive conformation" of the enzyme with the urea portion extending into the back hydrophobic pocket adjacent to the adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) binding site. A number of compounds have been identified as displaying excellent in vivo potency. In particular, compounds 28 and 76 possess favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and demonstrate potent antitumor efficacy against the HT1080 human fibrosarcoma xenograft tumor growth model (tumor growth inhibition (TGI) = 75% at 25 mg/kg.day, per os (po)).