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1.
BMC Oral Health ; 24(1): 608, 2024 May 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38796419

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The oral microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining oral homeostasis and health; smoking significantly affects it, leading to microbial dysbiosis. The study aims to investigate changes in the oral microbiome composition of smokers in the Qatari population and establish a correlation with lipid biomarkers. METHODS: The oral microbiota was profiled from saliva samples of 200 smokers and 100 non-smokers in the Qatari population, and 16s rRNA V3-V4 region were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were clustered using QIIME and the statistical analysis was performed by R. RESULTS: Non-smokers exhibited a more diverse microbiome, with significant alpha and beta diversity differences between the non-smoker and smoker groups. Smokers had a higher abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Patescibacteria, and Proteobacteria at the phylum level and of Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella, TM7x, and Porphyromonas at the genus level. In contrast, non-smokers had more Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota, and Patescibacteria at the phylum level, and Prevotella, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Porphromonas, and Neisseria at the genus level. Notably, Streptococcus was significantly positively correlated with LDL and negatively correlated with HDL. Additionally, Streptococcus salivarius, within the genus Streptococcus, was substantially more abundant in smokers. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the significant influence of smoking on the composition of the oral microbiome by enriching anaerobic microbes and depleting aerobic microbes. Moreover, the observed correlation between Streptococcus abundance and the lipid biomarkers suggests a potential link between smokers-induced salivary microbiome dysbiosis and lipid metabolism. Understanding the impact of smoking on altering the oral microbiome composition and its correlation with chemistry tests is essential for developing targeted interventions and strategies to improve oral health and reduce the risk of diseases.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Disbiose , Microbiota , Saliva , Fumar , Humanos , Saliva/microbiologia , Saliva/química , Disbiose/microbiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Biomarcadores/análise , Adulto , Lipídeos/análise , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise
2.
Exp Lung Res ; 50(1): 65-84, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38544373

RESUMO

Oral microbiome research has gained significant interest in recent years due to its potential impact on overall health. Smoking has been identified as a significant modulator of the oral microbiome composition, leading to dysbiosis and possible health consequences. Research has primarily focused on the association between smoking and oral microbiome, as well as smoking's association with cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). This narrative review presents an overview of the recent findings and current knowledge on the oral microbiome and its role in CMS, including the effects of smoking and ethnicity. We discussed the development and composition of the oral microbiome and the association of periodontitis with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we highlighted the correlations between oral microbiome and CMS factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. There is a need for further research in this area to better understand the mechanisms underlying the impact of smoking on oral microbiome dysbiosis and the development of CMS. Interestingly, geographic location and ethnicity have been shown to impact the oral microbiome profiles across populations. This knowledge will help develop personalized disease prevention and treatment approaches considering individual differences in oral microbiome composition. Understanding the complex interplay between oral microbiome, smoking, and CMS is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies for a wide range of diseases.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Síndrome Metabólica , Microbiota , Humanos , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Disbiose/terapia
3.
Cell Commun Signal ; 21(1): 151, 2023 06 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37349801

RESUMO

Diabetes mellitus (DM), currently affecting more than 537 million people worldwide is a chronic disease characterized by impaired glucose metabolism resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, action, or both due to the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic ß cells. Since cadaveric islet transplantation using Edmonton protocol has served as an effective intervention to restore normoglycaemia in T1D patients for months, stem cell-derived ß cells have been explored for cell replacement therapy for diabetes. Thus, great effort has been concentrated by scientists on developing in vitro differentiation protocols to realize the therapeutic potential of hPSC-derived ß cells. However, most of the 2D traditional monolayer culture could mainly generate insulin-producing ß cells with immature phenotype. In the body, pancreatic islets are 3D cell arrangements with complex cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. Therefore, it is important to consider the spatial organization of the cell in the culture environment. More recently, 3D cell culture platforms have emerged as powerful tools with huge translational potential, particularly for stem cell research. 3D protocols provide a better model to recapitulate not only the in vivo morphology, but also the cell connectivity, polarity, and gene expression mimicking more physiologically the in vivo cell niche. Therefore, the 3D culture constitutes a more relevant model that may help to fill the gap between in vitro and in vivo models. Interestingly, most of the 2D planar methodologies that successfully generated functional hPSC-derived ß cells have switched to a 3D arrangement of cells from pancreatic progenitor stage either as suspension clusters or as aggregates, suggesting the effect of 3D on ß cell functionality. In this review we highlight the role of dimensionality (2D vs 3D) on the differentiation efficiency for generation of hPSC-derived insulin-producing ß cells in vitro. Consequently, how transitioning from 2D monolayer culture to 3D spheroid would provide a better model for an efficient generation of fully functional hPSC-derived ß cells mimicking in vivo islet niche for diabetes therapy or drug screening. Video Abstract.


Assuntos
Células Secretoras de Insulina , Diferenciação Celular , Células-Tronco
4.
Clin Pediatr (Phila) ; 61(10): 692-698, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35581724

RESUMO

The rising popularity of smartphone health applications (apps) offers great potential for facilitating pediatric weight management. Pediatric providers can determine health interventions for young patients with excess weight. We surveyed 51 pediatric providers at a Midwest academic medical institution and found that 78% thought currently available resources were not sufficient for pediatric weight management. In all, 76% of respondents reported use of at least one smartphone health app for their personal health. The quality of pediatric providers' experiences with their favorite app was strongly associated with their willingness to recommend the app to their patients (P < .001), but few of them have made such a recommendation in practice, mainly due to the lack of either personal knowledge about health apps or about evidence-based health apps for pediatric weight management. Moreover, respondents shared ideas about qualities for an effective health app, which shed new light on developing apps specifically for adolescents with excess weight.


Assuntos
Aplicativos Móveis , Telemedicina , Adolescente , Criança , Emprego , Humanos , Smartphone , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
J Pediatr Health Care ; 35(6): 577-586, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34521572

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric settings often screen children and/or caregivers for social determinants of health (SDH) needs. Although SDH awareness rose with COVID, questions remain regarding best practices for SDH screening in pediatric settings. METHOD: We assessed pediatric providers' perspectives on integrating SDH screening into patient care. Semistructured interviews were conducted with providers (n = 13) from 10 clinics. Interviews were transcribed, and themes were analyzed using the constant comparative method. RESULTS: Themes highlighted providers' awareness of structural limitations to address social needs identified by screening; implementation concerns; the unique role of pediatric providers for child health and well-being; provider comfort with assessing patients' social needs; patient considerations; the importance of relational health between pediatric providers and families, and between providers and community supports for effective screening; and unintended consequences. DISCUSSION: Pediatric providers endorse the need for SDH screening, but barriers in pediatric settings may hamper the process and reduce efficacy.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Criança , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Pesquisa Qualitativa , SARS-CoV-2
6.
J Pediatr Health Care ; 35(5): 471-478, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34116869

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Using pediatric social determinants of health screening data from a large medical system, we explored social needs dislosures and identified which needs were associated with resource connection requests. METHOD: Data came from records of outpatient pediatric patients (0-18 years) seen between October 2018 and March 2020 (39,251 encounters). We assessed percent of encounters where families (1) indicated a social need, and (2) requested a resource connection. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to identify which needs were associated with resource connection requests. RESULTS: Among all encounters, 8% indicated a need and 2% requested a resource connection. Among families indicating a need, needs associated with resource requests included: housing (odds ratio [OR], 3.49 [2.42-5.03]), employment (OR, 3.15 [2.21-4.50]), food (OR, 1.89 [1.41-2.52]), and transportation (OR, 1.82 [1.30-2.56]). DISCUSSION: Families seldom requested resource connections to address social needs. Better understanding families' interests in receiving assistance is an important next step in pediatric social determinants of health screening system development.


Assuntos
Programas de Rastreamento , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Criança , Humanos
7.
J Clin Virol ; 103: 1-7, 2018 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29597097

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The number of diagnostic assays for the detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) antibodies has increased over the years. However, their performance characteristics could vary among global populations. OBJECTIVE: To investigate performance of two commercial ELISA kits, HerpeSelect® 1 ELISA and Euroimmun Anti-HSV-1 (gC1) ELISA (IgG); and two commercial immunoblot (IB)/Western blot (WB) assays, HerpeSelect® 1 and 2 Immunoblot IgG, and Euroimmun Anti-HSV-1/HSV-2 gG2 Euroline-WB (IgG/IgM); in detecting HSV-1 antibodies in a Middle East and North Africa (MENA) population. STUDY DESIGN: Blood specimens were collected from blood donors in Doha, Qatar, June 2013-2016. Twenty specimens were randomly selected from 10 MENA nationalities (Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen; total = 200), and tested for HSV-1 antibodies. RESULTS: Across all six comparisons between assays, positive percent agreement ranged between 95.7% (95% CI: 91.4-98.3%) and 100.0% (95% CI: 97.8-100.0%). Negative percent agreement ranged between 86.2% (95% CI: 68.3-96.1%) and 96.2% (95% CI: 80.4-99.9%). Overall percent agreement ranged between 95.7% (95% CI: 91.7-97.8%) and 99.4% (95% CI: 96.7-99.9%). Cohen's kappa statistic ranged between 0.84 (95% CI: 0.73-0.95) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.93-1.00). Compared against IB/WB, HerpeSelect® and Euroimmun had sensitivities and specificities >96% and >86%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were >97% and >83%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The assays showed excellent concordance with one another, and with a high kappa statistic. The ELISA kits demonstrated robust diagnostic performance compared to the IB/WB assays. These findings support the assays' utility in clinical diagnosis and research in MENA populations.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Herpes Simples/diagnóstico , Herpesvirus Humano 1/imunologia , Immunoblotting/métodos , Testes Sorológicos/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , África do Norte , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oriente Médio , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto Jovem
8.
Sex Transm Dis ; 45(7): 482-487, 2018 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29465656

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There are limited data on herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). We examined country- and age-specific HSV-2 seroprevalence among select MENA populations residing in Qatar. METHODS: Sera were collected from male blood donors attending Hamad Medical Corporation between June 2013 and June 2016. Specimens were screened for anti-HSV-2 IgG antibodies following a 2-test algorithm: HerpeSelect 2 ELISA was used to identify HSV-2-positive specimens, and Euroline-WB was used to confirm positive and equivocal specimens for final HSV-2 status. Trends and associations with HSV-2 seropositivity were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 2077 tested sera, 61 were found and confirmed positive. The proportion of those confirmed positive increased steadily with HerpeSelect 2 ELISA index value, ranging from 16.3% for index values of 1.101 to 1.999 to 92.9% for index values of 4 or greater. Nationality-specific seroprevalence was 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1%-8.8%) in Qataris, 5.3% (95% CI, 2.5%-11.1%) in Iranians, 4.2% (95% CI, 1.8%-9.5%) in Lebanese, 3.1% (95% CI, 1.2%-7.7%) in Sudanese, 3.0% (95% CI, 1.4%-6.4%) in Palestinians, 2.2% (95% CI, 1.1%-4.3%) in Egyptians, 2.0% (95% CI, 1.0%-5.0%) in Syrians, 1.0% (95% CI, 0.3%-3.6%) in Jordanians, 0.7% (95% CI, 0.1%-3.7%) in Yemenis, and 0.5% (95% CI, 0.1%-2.8%) in Pakistanis. There was evidence for higher seroprevalence in older age groups. CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was in the range of few percentage points. There were no major differences in seroprevalence by nationality. These findings add to our understanding of HSV-2 epidemiology in MENA and indicate unmet needs for sexual health and control of sexually transmitted infections.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Herpes Genital/epidemiologia , Herpes Simples/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , África do Norte/epidemiologia , Idoso , Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Herpesvirus Humano 2 , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oriente Médio/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Catar/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/virologia , Adulto Jovem
9.
J Med Virol ; 90(1): 184-190, 2018 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28817197

RESUMO

HSV-1 epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remains poorly understood. Our study aimed to measure HSV-1 antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) and its age-distribution among select MENA populations residing in Qatar. Sera were collected from male blood donors attending Hamad Medical Corporation 2013-2015. A total of 2,077 sera were tested for anti-HSV-1 antibodies using HerpeSelect® 1 ELISA IgG kits (Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, CA). Robust Poisson regression was conducted to estimate adjusted infection prevalence ratios. Country-specific HSV-1 seroprevalence was estimated for 10 national populations: 97.5% among Egyptians, 92.6% among Yemenis, 90.7% among Sudanese, 88.5% among Syrians, 86.5% among Jordanians, 82.3% among Qataris, 81.4% among Iranians, 81.4% among Lebanese, 80.5% among Palestinians, and 77.0% among Pakistanis. Age-specific HSV-1 seroprevalence was estimated for Egypt, the Fertile Crescent (Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria), and Qatar. Seroprevalence increased with age among Fertile Crescent and Qatari nationals. Seroprevalence increased from 70.0% among those aged ≤ 24 years up to 98.0% among those aged ≥55 years among Fertile Crescent nationals. Seroprevalence was consistently above 90% for all ages among Egyptians. HSV-1 seroprevalence is high in MENA, though with some variation across countries. The seroprevalence appears to have declined among current young age cohorts compared to its levels a few decades ago.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Herpes Simples/epidemiologia , Herpes Simples/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/imunologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Adulto , África do Norte/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Herpes Genital/epidemiologia , Herpes Genital/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oriente Médio/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Catar/epidemiologia , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/imunologia
10.
J Asthma ; 48(8): 824-30, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21864099

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Electronic media such as social media (Facebook, Twitter, MySpace), email, and text messaging could be useful in the management of asthma. However, patient use and preferences for electronic media in asthma management is currently unknown. METHODS: A survey was sent to asthma patients between 12-40 years of age. The survey collected demographic information, use of electronic media, interest in using electronic media to receive asthma information, and interest in using electronic media to communicate with a health care provider about asthma. Free text entries were encouraged. RESULTS: 145 completed surveys were returned. Text messaging, email, and Facebook were used at least weekly by a majority of respondents (82%, 77%, and 65%, respectively). Email was clearly the most preferred method to receive asthma information and to communicate with a physician. There was some interest in using Facebook or text messaging, whereas Myspace and Twitter had minimal interest. On logistic regression analysis, female and Black or Hispanic participants were more likely to have an interest in the use of electronic media for asthma care. Frequent users (>1X/week) of each electronic media type had greater enthusiasm for their incorporation into asthma care. Free text entries revealed that many participants felt social media sites were for connecting with friends rather than for health care, and privacy concerns were also raised. CONCLUSION: Electronic media offers a novel way to improve asthma care. Email was the most preferred method, though text messaging and social media sites like Facebook may be appropriate for certain patients.


Assuntos
Asma/psicologia , Correio Eletrônico/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Mídias Sociais/estatística & dados numéricos , Envio de Mensagens de Texto/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
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