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1.
Physiol Plant ; 176(1): e14182, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38618986

RESUMO

The molecular mechanisms guiding oriented cell divisions in the root vascular tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana are still poorly characterised. By overlapping bulk and single-cell transcriptomic datasets, we unveiled TETRASPANIN1 (TET1) as a putative regulator in this process. TET1 is expressed in root vascular cells, and loss-of-function mutants contain fewer vascular cell files. We further generated and characterised a CRISPR deletion mutant and showed, unlike previously described mutants, that the full knock out is additionally missing endodermal cells in a stochastic way. Finally, we show that HA-tagged versions of TET1 are functional in contrast to fluorescent TET1 translational fusions. Immunostaining using HA-TET1 lines complementing the mutant phenotype suggested a dual plasma membrane and intracellular localisation in the root vasculature and a polar membrane localisation in the young cortex, endodermal and initial cells. Taken together, we show that TET1 is involved in both vascular proliferation and ground tissue patterning. Our initial results pave the way for future work to decipher its precise mode of action.


Assuntos
Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/genética , Divisão Celular , Membrana Celular , Repetições Palindrômicas Curtas Agrupadas e Regularmente Espaçadas , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica
2.
Community Ment Health J ; 60(2): 354-365, 2024 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37697183

RESUMO

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is more common among individuals with severe mental illness (SMI). We aimed to assess quality-of-care-indicators in individuals with SMI following the 2015 Israel's Mental-Health-reform. We analyzed yearly changes in 2015-2019 of quality-of-care-measures and intermediate-DM-outcomes, with adjustment for gender, age-group, and socioeconomic status (SES) and compared individuals with SMI to the general adult population. Adults with SMI had higher prevalences of DM (odds ratio (OR) = 1.64; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.61-1.67) and obesity (OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 2.08-2.13), compared to the general population. DM prevalence, DM control, and obesity rates increased over the years in this population. In 2019, HbA1c testing was marginally lower (OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83-0.94) and uncontrolled DM (HbA1c > 9%) slightly more common among patients with SMI (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.14-1.30), control worsened by decreasing SES. After adjustment, uncontrolled DM (adj. OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.96-1.09) was not associated with SMI. Cardio-metabolic morbidity among patients with SMI may be related to high prevalences of obesity and DM rather than poor DM control. Effective screening for metabolic diseases in this population and social reforms are required.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Transtornos Mentais , Adulto , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde , Israel/epidemiologia , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia
3.
PLoS One ; 18(9): e0290961, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37669279

RESUMO

Reports from many settings suggest that pediatric overweight and obesity increased in 2020 and 2021, presumably due to lifestyle changes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of these previous reports have relied on convenience samples or subsets of the population. Here, we present results of a longitudinal study of the entire population of Israel, a nation of approximately 9 million people, with the proportion with underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity at age 7 and at age 14-15, across the years 2017-2021. Our results show that the prevalence of overweight and obesity, which had been steady or improving through 2019, increased relatively quickly in 2020 and 2021. For example, among 7-year-olds, the percentage of children with obesity in 2019 was 6.8% (99% CI: 6.69-7.05), and by 2021, it had increased to 7.7% (99% CI: 7.53-7.93). There were important disparities in overweight and obesity based on SES; for example, the rate ratio for obesity comparing the poorest with the wealthiest 14-15-year-olds in 2019 was 1.63 (99% CI: 1.55-1.72). However, these disparities did not change meaningfully in 2020 and 2021, implying that while obesity did become more prevalent, this increase in prevalence was not differential across socioeconomic status. Like many other nations, Israel too experienced considerable increases in pediatric overweight and obesity in 2020-2021, erasing the improvements of the previous years among younger children.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Sobrepeso , Criança , Humanos , Israel , Estudos Longitudinais , Pandemias , Obesidade
4.
Neurotoxicology ; 98: 39-47, 2023 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37536470

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as phthalates, found in our daily environment, are nowadays suggested to be associated with adverse outcomes. Prenatal exposure was found associated with neurodevelopmental complications such as behavioral difficulties in school age children. AIM: To explore the association between intrauterine exposure to phthalates and emotional/behavioral development of 24 months old toddlers. METHODS: Women were recruited at 11-18 weeks of gestation and provided spot urine samples, analyzed for phthalate metabolites (DEHP, DiNP, MBzBP). Offspring were examined at 24 months of age, using standard maternal report, regarding developmental and behavioral problems (CBCL, ASQ-3, HOME questionnaires) (N = 158). To explore the associations between metabolite levels and developmental outcomes, multivariate GLM analysis (General Linear Model) was used according to tertiles and developmental scores on each developmental outcome. RESULTS: Associations of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) maternal exposure with behavioral-developmental outcomes were found only in boys. Compared with boys with lower DEHP maternal exposure, boys with high DEHP maternal exposure had lower developmental score in personal social abilities in the ASQ-3 questionnaire (50.68 + 8.06 and 44.14 + 11.02, high and low DEHP, respectively, p = 0.03), and more internalizing problems (for example, emotionally reactive score in high and low DEHP: 53.77 + 7.41 and 50.50 + 1.19, respectively, p = 0.029; anxious or depressed score: 53.38 + 5.01 and 50.75 + 1.34, respectively, p = 0.009; and somatic complaints scores 64.03 + 10.1 and 55.84 + 7.84, respectively, p = 0.003), and externalizing problems (49.28 + 8.59 and 43.33 + 9.11, respectively, p = 0.039). No differences were found in the development and behavior problems between high and low DEHP maternal exposure level in girls. CONCLUSION: Maternal DEHP metabolite concentrations measured in first trimester urine was associated with children's emotional/behavioral developmental problems in 24-months old boys, supporting accumulating evidence of DEHP as a potentially harming chemical and call for environmental attention.


Assuntos
Dietilexilftalato , Poluentes Ambientais , Ácidos Ftálicos , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Masculino , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/induzido quimicamente , Dietilexilftalato/toxicidade , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ambientais/urina , Ácidos Ftálicos/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Ftálicos/urina , Exposição Ambiental
5.
iScience ; 25(11): 105364, 2022 Nov 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36339262

RESUMO

Root, shoot, and lateral meristems are the main regions of cell proliferation in plants. It has been proposed that meristems might have evolved dedicated transcriptional networks to balance cell proliferation. Here, we show that basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor heterodimers formed by members of the TARGET OF MONOPTEROS5 (TMO5) and LONESOME HIGHWAY (LHW) subclades are general regulators of cell proliferation in all meristems. Yet, genetics and expression analyses suggest specific functions of these transcription factors in distinct meristems, possibly due to their expression domains determining heterodimer complex variations within meristems, and to a certain extent to the absence of some of them in a given meristem. Target gene specificity analysis for heterodimer complexes focusing on the LONELY GUY gene targets further suggests differences in transcriptional responses through heterodimer diversification that could allow a common bHLH heterodimer complex module to contribute to cell proliferation control in multiple meristems.

6.
Int J Qual Health Care ; 34(3)2022 Sep 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36062971

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: During 2020, Israel experienced two COVID-19-related lockdowns that impacted the provision of primary and secondary preventive care. METHODS: We examined the month-by-month performance of selected preventive care services using data from Israel's national Quality Indicators in Community Healthcare program. Process of care measures included hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing, cholesterol testing, colon cancer screening and mammography. Intermediate outcome measures included low-density lipoprotein control and HbA1c control. Measures were stratified by sex and by area-level socioeconomic position (SEP). Diabetes and mammography are presented in this abstract due to space limitations. RESULTS: Annual HbA1c testing among persons with diabetes decreased from 90.9% in 2019 to 88.0% in 2020. Performance of HbA1c tests during lockdown months was as low as half the usual amount. There were compensatory increases in testing during post-lockdown months that did not quite make up for the missed tests. In 2019, 9.0% of Israelis with diabetes had poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 9.0); in 2020, it was 8.8%. In total, 4.5% fewer mammograms were performed in 2020 compared with 2019. Women in the lowest SEP level performed 10.4% fewer mammograms in 2020 than in 2019, while women in the highest SEP level performed 3.1% more mammograms. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged COVID lockdowns in 2020 were associated with marked decreases in the performance of preventive health services during those months. Compensatory spikes following the end of lockdowns partly, but did not completely, make up for the missed care. COVID lockdowns may have exacerbated socioeconomic disparities in some preventive health services.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Diabetes Mellitus , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Colesterol , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Humanos , Israel/epidemiologia , Lipoproteínas LDL , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde
7.
New Phytol ; 234(5): 1598-1605, 2022 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35279849

RESUMO

Xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of important crop diseases and is transmitted by xylem-sap-feeding insects. The bacterium colonizes xylem vessels and can persist with a commensal or pathogen lifestyle in more than 500 plant species. In the past decade, reports of X. fastidiosa across the globe have dramatically increased its known occurrence. This raises important questions: How does X. fastidiosa interact with the different host plants? How does the bacterium interact with the plant immune system? How does it influence the host's microbiome? We discuss recent strain genetic typing and plant transcriptome and microbiome analyses, which have advanced our understanding of factors that are important for X. fastidiosa plant infection.


Assuntos
Microbiota , Xylella , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Plantas
8.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 118(15)2021 04 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33876766

RESUMO

In plants, endocytosis is essential for many developmental and physiological processes, including regulation of growth and development, hormone perception, nutrient uptake, and defense against pathogens. Our toolbox to modulate this process is, however, rather limited. Here, we report a conditional tool to impair endocytosis. We generated a partially functional TPLATE allele by substituting the most conserved domain of the TPLATE subunit of the endocytic TPLATE complex (TPC). This substitution destabilizes TPC and dampens the efficiency of endocytosis. Short-term heat treatment increases TPC destabilization and reversibly delocalizes TPLATE from the plasma membrane to aggregates in the cytoplasm. This blocks FM uptake and causes accumulation of various known endocytic cargoes at the plasma membrane. Short-term heat treatment therefore transforms the partially functional TPLATE allele into an effective conditional tool to impair endocytosis. Next to their role in endocytosis, several TPC subunits are also implicated in actin-regulated autophagosomal degradation. Inactivating TPC via the WDX mutation, however, does not impair autophagy, thus enabling specific and reversible modulation of endocytosis in planta.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Endocitose , Arabidopsis , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Mutação
9.
Sci Adv ; 7(9)2021 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33637534

RESUMO

Eukaryotic cells rely on endocytosis to regulate their plasma membrane proteome and lipidome. Most eukaryotic groups, except fungi and animals, have retained the evolutionary ancient TSET complex as an endocytic regulator. Unlike other coatomer complexes, structural insight into TSET is lacking. Here, we reveal the molecular architecture of plant TSET [TPLATE complex (TPC)] using an integrative structural approach. We identify crucial roles for specific TSET subunits in complex assembly and membrane interaction. Our data therefore generate fresh insight into the differences between the hexameric TSET in Dictyostelium and the octameric TPC in plants. Structural elucidation of this ancient adaptor complex represents the missing piece in the coatomer puzzle and vastly advances our functional as well as evolutionary insight into the process of endocytosis.

10.
Isr Med Assoc J ; 22(7): 420-425, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33236566

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: While the ratio of male to female births (sex-ratio at birth [SRB]) in humans is remarkably stable on the population level, there are many families with multiple same-sex offspring. OBJECTIVES: To identify a putative sub-population with skewed SRB and explore potential factors affecting the SRB. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study including 66,054 families with up to nine same-sex offspring evaluated between 2003 and 2015 at Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center. Outcome measures were observed prevalence and SRB of families with up to nine same-sex offspring in a single family. Analyses included the effect of parity, month and year of delivery, inter-delivery interval, and presence of a sequence of previous same-sex offspring on the SRB. RESULTS: The study comprised 193,411 live-born babies with SRB of 1.057 in favor of males. The proportion of SRB in families with up to nine same-sex offspring did not differ from the calculated presumed proportion. Furthermore, none of the tested factors (parity, month and year of delivery, inter-delivery interval, and the sequence of previous same-sex offspring) were significantly associated with SRB. CONCLUSIONS: SRB was not associated with any of the tested demographic characteristics. We could not identify a skew in SRB even in families with up to nine consecutive same sex offspring. This finding suggests that in the majority of the population the chance of a male or female fetus in each pregnancy remains similar in every pregnancy, regardless of any of the tested variables.


Assuntos
Razão de Masculinidade , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Israel , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo
11.
Science ; 370(6516): 550-557, 2020 10 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33122378

RESUMO

Spontaneously arising channels that transport the phytohormone auxin provide positional cues for self-organizing aspects of plant development such as flexible vasculature regeneration or its patterning during leaf venation. The auxin canalization hypothesis proposes a feedback between auxin signaling and transport as the underlying mechanism, but molecular players await discovery. We identified part of the machinery that routes auxin transport. The auxin-regulated receptor CAMEL (Canalization-related Auxin-regulated Malectin-type RLK) together with CANAR (Canalization-related Receptor-like kinase) interact with and phosphorylate PIN auxin transporters. camel and canar mutants are impaired in PIN1 subcellular trafficking and auxin-mediated PIN polarization, which macroscopically manifests as defects in leaf venation and vasculature regeneration after wounding. The CAMEL-CANAR receptor complex is part of the auxin feedback that coordinates polarization of individual cells during auxin canalization.


Assuntos
Arabidopsis/enzimologia , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/metabolismo , Mapeamento de Interação de Proteínas , Proteínas Quinases/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo
12.
Science ; 370(6518)2020 11 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32943451

RESUMO

Optimal plant growth is hampered by deficiency of the essential macronutrient phosphate in most soils. Plant roots can, however, increase their root hair density to efficiently forage the soil for this immobile nutrient. By generating and exploiting a high-resolution single-cell gene expression atlas of Arabidopsis roots, we show an enrichment of TARGET OF MONOPTEROS 5/LONESOME HIGHWAY (TMO5/LHW) target gene responses in root hair cells. The TMO5/LHW heterodimer triggers biosynthesis of mobile cytokinin in vascular cells and increases root hair density during low-phosphate conditions by modifying both the length and cell fate of epidermal cells. Moreover, root hair responses in phosphate-deprived conditions are TMO5- and cytokinin-dependent. Cytokinin signaling links root hair responses in the epidermis to perception of phosphate depletion in vascular cells.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/fisiologia , Arabidopsis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/fisiologia , Meristema/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Floema/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fosfatos/deficiência , Epiderme Vegetal/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Transativadores/fisiologia , Xilema/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Arabidopsis/citologia , Arabidopsis/genética , Citocininas/biossíntese , Citocininas/genética , Meristema/citologia , Meristema/metabolismo , Floema/citologia , Floema/metabolismo , Epiderme Vegetal/citologia , Epiderme Vegetal/genética , Raízes de Plantas/citologia , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Xilema/citologia , Xilema/metabolismo
13.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 117(1): 733-740, 2020 01 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31874927

RESUMO

Vascular plants provide most of the biomass, food, and feed on earth, yet the molecular innovations that led to the evolution of their conductive tissues are unknown. Here, we reveal the evolutionary trajectory for the heterodimeric TMO5/LHW transcription factor complex, which is rate-limiting for vascular cell proliferation in Arabidopsis thaliana Both regulators have origins predating vascular tissue emergence, and even terrestrialization. We further show that TMO5 evolved its modern function, including dimerization with LHW, at the origin of land plants. A second innovation in LHW, coinciding with vascular plant emergence, conditioned obligate heterodimerization and generated the critical function in vascular development in Arabidopsis In summary, our results suggest that the division potential of vascular cells may have been an important factor contributing to the evolution of vascular plants.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/genética , Evolução Molecular , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Transativadores/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/genética , Floema/citologia , Floema/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Floema/metabolismo , Filogenia , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Multimerização Proteica/genética , Transativadores/metabolismo , Xilema/citologia , Xilema/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Xilema/metabolismo
14.
Int J Hyg Environ Health ; 222(7): 1054-1058, 2019 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31324382

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during pregnancy can cause preterm delivery and childhood cancer. The aim of this study was to measure ETS exposure in pregnant women and in newborn infants in Israel using urinary cotinine measurements, to assess predictors of ETS exposure in these vulnerable groups, and to assess associations with birth effects (birth weight, birth length, head circumference) in newborn infants. METHODS: We analyzed urinary cotinine and creatinine in 265 non-smoking pregnant women and 97 newborns, and analyzed associations with self-reported exposure to ETS, paternal smoking, sociodemographic variables and with birth outcomes (birth weight, birth length, head circumference). RESULTS: 37.7% of pregnant women and 29.0% of infants had urinary cotinine concentrations above the level of quantification (LOQ) of 1 µg/L, whereas 63.8% and 50.5%, respectively, had urinary cotinine concentrations above the level of detection (LOD) of 0.5 µg/L. Median unadjusted and creatinine adjusted urinary concentrations of cotinine in pregnant women were 0.7 µg/L, and 0.9 µg/g creatinine, respectively, and in newborn infants were 0.5 µg/L, and 1.3 µg/g creatinine, respectively. We did not find an association between maternal and infant urinary cotinine level. Maternal (but not infant) urinary cotinine was significantly associated with paternal smoking (p < 0.05). Infant (but not maternal) cotinine above the LOQ was negatively associated with birth weight (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this high socioeconomic cohort, almost a third of newborn infants born to non-smoking mothers had quantifiable levels of urinary cotinine. This is the first study showing that newborns with quantifiable urinary cotinine levels have lower birth weight.


Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer , Cotinina/urina , Exposição Materna , Troca Materno-Fetal , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco , Adulto , Monitoramento Biológico , Estudos de Coortes , Pai , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Israel/epidemiologia , Masculino , Mães , Gravidez , Autorrelato
15.
Curr Biol ; 29(3): 520-529.e6, 2019 02 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30686737

RESUMO

To create a three-dimensional structure, plants rely on oriented cell divisions and cell elongation. Oriented cell divisions are specifically important in procambium cells of the root to establish the different vascular cell types [1, 2]. These divisions are in part controlled by the auxin-controlled TARGET OF MONOPTEROS5 (TMO5) and LONESOME HIGHWAY (LHW) transcription factor complex [3-7]. Loss-of-function of tmo5 or lhw clade members results in strongly reduced vascular cell file numbers, whereas ectopic expression of both TMO5 and LHW can ubiquitously induce periclinal and radial cell divisions in all cell types of the root meristem. TMO5 and LHW interact only in young xylem cells, where they promote expression of two direct target genes involved in the final step of cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis, LONELY GUY3 (LOG3) and LOG4 [8, 9] Therefore, CK was hypothesized to act as a mobile signal from the xylem to trigger divisions in the neighboring procambium cells [3, 6]. To unravel how TMO5/LHW-dependent cytokinin regulates cell proliferation, we analyzed the transcriptional responses upon simultaneous induction of both transcription factors. Using inferred network analysis, we identified AT2G28510/DOF2.1 as a cytokinin-dependent downstream target gene. We further showed that DOF2.1 controls specific procambium cell divisions without inducing other cytokinin-dependent effects such as the inhibition of vascular differentiation. In summary, our results suggest that DOF2.1 and its closest homologs control vascular cell proliferation, thus leading to radial expansion of the root.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/fisiologia , Proliferação de Células/genética , Citocininas/metabolismo , Fatores Genéricos de Transcrição/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/metabolismo , Câmbio/fisiologia , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Transativadores/genética , Transativadores/metabolismo , Fatores Genéricos de Transcrição/metabolismo , Xilema/fisiologia
16.
Int J Hyg Environ Health ; 221(5): 775-781, 2018 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29706435

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Maternal urinary levels of dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of organophosphate pesticides (OP) during pregnancy are associated with adverse outcomes in the offspring. Between 2012 and 2014, eighteen active OP ingredients were restricted or banned in Israel for agricultural use. AIM: We aimed to study trends of urinary DAP metabolites among pregnant women and their offspring in the era of the new regulations. METHODS: Pregnant women were recruited at 11-18 weeks of gestation and provided spot urine samples (n = 273). Soon after birth, neonatal urine samples were collected (n = 107). All urine specimens analyzed for DAP metabolites. Trends in DAP metabolites were tested using Mann-Kendall trend statistic (M-K S) and linear regression models were constructed to estimate the association between calendar period and DAP levels between September 2012 and March 2016. RESULTS: Over the study period, median maternal ∑DAP levels decreased from 248 nmol/L to 148 nmol/L. Time of recruitment was associated with a statistically significant decrease in DAP metabolites, which remained significant after multivariate adjustment. Overall, the results for the analysis of before and after June 2014 showed a significant decrease in ∑DAP of -0.198 log10 nmol/L (95%CI: -0.311,-0.084) which corresponds with a decrease of 36.6% in ∑DAP. A similar trend was found for DAP metabolites in neonatal urine. Compared to other studies, pregnant women in Jerusalem had higher ∑DAP levels, even at the end of the study period. CONCLUSION: We observed significant reductions in maternal and neonatal DAP urinary levels during the period of 2012-2016. Regulations restricting agricultural use of OP seem to be effective in reducing population exposure to OP, in an era when residential use of OP is banned.


Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais/urina , Inseticidas/urina , Exposição Materna , Troca Materno-Fetal , Organofosfatos/urina , Adulto , Agricultura/legislação & jurisprudência , Cidades , Monitoramento Ambiental , Feminino , Regulamentação Governamental , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Israel , Masculino , Gravidez
17.
Am J Cardiol ; 118(5): 760-4, 2016 09 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27445215

RESUMO

Frailty is a biologic syndrome reflecting a state of decreased physiological reserve of increasing importance in cardiovascular disease given the aging of the population. The relation between frailty and indexes of cardiac structure and function remains unclear, particularly in the "oldest old." The objective of this study was to examine the association between cardiac function and frailty in an age-homogenous, community-dwelling population of subjects aged 85 and 86 years. Subjects were recruited at ages 85 to 86 from the Jerusalem Longitudinal Cohort Study that has followed an age-homogenous cohort of Jerusalem residents. Subjects underwent echocardiography at their place of residence with standard assessment of cardiac structure and function. Frailty was defined according to the "phenotype of frailty" including at least 3 of the following: weakness, slowness, low physical activity level, exhaustion, and weight loss; 405 subjects (193 men and 212 women) were enrolled in the study. Subjects defined as frail had significantly lower ejection fraction compared with the non-frail group (53.7 ± 0.09% vs 56.4 ± 0.09%; p <0.04). In addition, frail subjects had increased LV mass index (130.6 ± 36.2 g/m(2) vs 119.2 ± 31.1 g/m(2); p <0.03) and LA volume index (41.9 ± 14.7 cm(3)/m(2) vs 36.7 ± 13.1 cm(3)/m(2); p <0.001). Indexes of diastolic function (E/e)' were not significantly different in the 2 groups (11.5 vs 11.8; p = NS). In this age-homogenous cohort of the oldest old, structural changes and indexes of systolic but not diastolic function were associated with frailty.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Ecocardiografia , Exercício Físico , Fadiga , Idoso Fragilizado , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Coortes , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Feminino , Idoso Fragilizado/estatística & dados numéricos , Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Israel/epidemiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino
18.
Int J Environ Health Res ; 26(3): 254-66, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26578062

RESUMO

The purpose of the study was to measure urinary organophosphate (OP) metabolites in Palestinian pregnant women, and to compare levels with those in pregnant women in Jerusalem and women from the general population in Israel. We measured six dialkyl phosphates in urine samples collected from 148 pregnant women from the West Bank area. Median total dimethyl phosphate (DM(total)) levels were significantly lower in Palestinian women compared to Jerusalem pregnant women and women in Israel (p = 0.041). In Palestinian women reporting that their place of residence was near an agricultural field, DM(total) levels were significantly higher (p = 0.037). Lower urinary excretion of dimethyl phosphate pesticide metabolites in Palestinian women compared to Israeli women may result from lower consumption of fruits and vegetables in the Palestinian population. Our findings highlight differences in OP pesticide exposure in populations with close geographical proximity but with differences in culture, diet, lifestyle, and regulatory oversight of pesticides.


Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental , Poluentes Ambientais/urina , Organofosfatos/urina , Compostos Organofosforados/urina , Praguicidas/urina , Adolescente , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Árabes , Dieta , Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Oriente Médio , Organofosfatos/metabolismo , Praguicidas/metabolismo , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
19.
Stat Med ; 35(7): 1226-40, 2016 Mar 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26503888

RESUMO

Reference charts for fetal measures are used for early detection of pregnancies that should be monitored closely. Construction of reference charts corresponds to estimation of quantiles of a distribution as a function of gestational age. Existing methods have been developed under various modeling assumptions, typically by fitting a polynomial regression to certain functionals of the distributions (e.g., mean, standard deviation, and quantiles). We use a large dataset to compare various existing methods for construction of reference charts. We also relax the assumptions of a parametric polynomial link between the distribution parameters and age and consider cubic splines and discretization of age in order to compare charts based on more flexible and simpler models, respectively. We compare the different methods using various tools and demonstrate the importance of considering performance measures calculated from age-stratified data. We also examine the question of sample size. We compare our charts to similar charts that have been recently published and emphasize that the source of an apparent heterogeneity should be investigated. We conclude that the choice of which method to use for construction of reference charts should take the following into account: available sample size, validity of normality assumption, and results of various performance measures.


Assuntos
Feto/anatomia & histologia , Bioestatística , Feminino , Feto/diagnóstico por imagem , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Funções Verossimilhança , Modelos Estatísticos , Gravidez , Valores de Referência , Tamanho da Amostra , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal
20.
Am J Hosp Palliat Care ; 33(4): 369-73, 2016 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25701661

RESUMO

Palliative sedation (PS) is indicated for refractory symptoms among dying patients. This retrospective descriptive study examines PS in an Israeli hospice. Palliative sedation was defined as PS to unconsciousness (PSU), PS proportionate to symptoms (proportional palliative sedation [PPS]), or intermittent PS (IPS). Among 179 patients who died during 2012, PS was used among 21.2% (n = 38): (PSU 34.2%, PPS 34.2%, and IPS 31.6%), using midazolam (n = 33/38), halidol (21/38), and concurrent morphine (n = 35/38). Indications included agitation (71%), pain (36.8%), and dyspnea (21%). Survival following initiation of PS was 73 ± standard deviation 54 hours. No differences in survival were observed according to who initiated the decision to use PS (patients/medical staff/family) or type of PS (PSU/PPS/IPS). Survival following PS was longest with higher sedative doses, an observation that may help dispel fears concerning the use of PS to hasten death.


Assuntos
Hospitais para Doentes Terminais/métodos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/administração & dosagem , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Assistência Terminal/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Haloperidol/administração & dosagem , Hospitais para Doentes Terminais/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Israel , Masculino , Midazolam/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morfina/administração & dosagem , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Cuidados Paliativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Assistência Terminal/estatística & dados numéricos
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