Diversity, equity, and inclusivity in observational ambulatory assessment: Recommendations from two decades of Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) research.

Ambient audio sampling methods such as the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) have become increasingly prominent in clinical and social sciences research. These methods record snippets of naturalistically assessed audio from participants' daily lives, enabling novel observational research about the daily social interactions, identities, environments, behaviors, and speech of populations of interest. In practice, these scientific opportunities are equaled by methodological challenges: researchers' own cultural backgrounds and identities can easily and unknowingly permeate the collection, coding, analysis, and interpretation of social data from daily life. Ambient audio sampling poses unique and significant challenges to cultural humility, diversity, equity, and inclusivity (DEI) in scientific research that require systematized attention. Motivated by this observation, an international consortium of 21 researchers who have used ambient audio sampling methodologies created a workgroup with the aim of improving upon existing published guidelines. We pooled formally and informally documented challenges pertaining to DEI in ambient audio sampling from our collective experience on 40+ studies (most of which used the EAR app) in clinical and healthy populations ranging from children to older adults. This article presents our resultant recommendations and argues for the incorporation of community-engaged research methods in observational ambulatory assessment designs looking forward. We provide concrete recommendations across each stage typical of an ambient audio sampling study (recruiting and enrolling participants, developing coding systems, training coders, handling multi-linguistic participants, data analysis and interpretation, and dissemination of results) as well as guiding questions that can be used to adapt these recommendations to project-specific constraints and needs.

Ecological Momentary Assessment of Cannabis Use and Affect Among Adolescents Following Psychiatric Discharge.

OBJECTIVE: Affect regulation is central to multiple theoretical models that explain cannabis use (CU) behavior. However, much of the research has been conducted with adults, leaving unanswered questions about the nature of associations among adolescents, especially those with affective disorders. Using clinical interviews and ecological momentary assessment (EMA), we assessed rates of adolescent CU and momentary associations with affect following psychiatric discharge among youth hospitalized for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. METHOD: Participants were 13- to 18-year-olds (N = 62; 64.5% female) recruited from an inpatient psychiatric hospital who reported having ever used cannabis. Participants completed clinical interviews during hospitalization. EMA was conducted for 21 days upon discharge. RESULTS: Concurrent use of other drugs was associated with greater odds of CU (odds ratio = 27.63). Momentary CU was associated with higher levels of positive affect and lower levels of anger/irritability, but not with negative affect. The effect of momentary CU on positive affect was greater among youth with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that adolescents may use cannabis to enhance positive emotion, especially those with PTSD/GAD. Results highlight the importance of tailored interventions that focus on providing alternative and adaptive methods to enhance positive affect.

Cannabinoid effects on responses to quantitative sensory testing among individuals with and without clinical pain: a systematic review.

There has been an explosion of interest in the utility of cannabinoids as potential analgesics. This systematic review critically synthesizes the evidence for cannabinoid analgesic effects on quantitative sensory testing outcomes in both healthy adults and patients with chronic noncancer pain. Our systematic review protocol is preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42018117367). An electronic search was made in PsycINFO, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Embase, and Pubmed of all literature published until August 2018. Of the 1217 studies found from the search, a total 39 placebo-controlled studies that met the eligibility criteria were synthesized for this study. Because of substantial heterogeneity of study designs, populations, cannabinoid compounds, and quantitative sensory testing outcomes, meta-analysis was not conducted. More consistent evidence of cannabinoid analgesia was observed for inhaled cannabis than synthetic cannabinoids. Analgesic effects were most commonly observed in tests of cold pain sensitivity, and hyperalgesic effects were most commonly observed in tests of electrical stimulation. Patterns of findings from studies with healthy subjects did not substantively differ from those with chronic noncancer pain. However, these observations are qualified by the high degree of inconsistency across studies and methodological heterogeneity. We offer recommendations for future studies to improve study rigor and reproducibility.

[Complex treatment of a large radicular cyst in the anterior region of the maxilla. Case report]. / A maxilla front régiójában elhelyezkedo nagy kiterjedésu radikuláris ciszta komplex ellátása. Esetismertetés.

As opposed to other odontogenic cysts, the radicular cyst is always produced by intraradicular infection, therefore it is important to eliminate the cause of the inflammation as well. During the healing of the radicular cyst, the infected tooth should be treated by extraction or root canal treatment completed by surgical intervention. The presented case is a 77 year-old male patient with Type II Diabetes, who required oral surgery and endodontic treatment. Despite of the age and diabetes of the patient, the bone regeneration was rapid and complete. Seven months after starting the treatment, the size of the cyst decresed significantly and by 12th month it was perfectly healed.

[Complete dental care of patients suffering from localized aggressive periodontitis. Case report]. / Lokalizált agresszív parodontitisben szenvedo páciens komplett fogászati ellátása. Esetismertetés.

A 34 years old male patient was referred to our clinic for restorative dental treatment. During detailed consultation and dental examination a relatively rare form of periodontal disease had been diagnosed. Intraoral examination included recording of dental and periodontal status. Based on patient's dental history, measurements of probing pocket depths (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and also the X-ray findings, Localized Aggressive Periodontitis (LAP) unknown by the patient was diagnosed. After patient's consent the comprehensive treatment plan covered the dental prevention, periodontal non-surgical and surgical therapy and rehabilitation. The treatment started with oral hygienic instruction, motivation then supra- and subgingival scaling and rootplaning. Later extraction and elective root canal treatment were performed, followed by open flap periodontal surgery combined with hemisection of two molars. After a full mouth conservative restorative therapy, function and esthetics were restored by fix dental prostheses. This case is a good example to underline the importance of periodontal examination during the dental screening and dental status recording for each patients showing up at dental clinics. Otherwise in many cases this asympthomatic disease can remain undetected.

[Complex treatment of a large radicular cyst due to traumatic dental injury--a case report]. / Trauma következtében kialakult, több fogra kiterjedo, radikuláris ciszta komplex (endodonciai és szájsebészeti) ellátása. Esetismertetés.

A 28-year-old male came to the clinic for control visit and scaling. Panoramic radiograph was taken before any treatment. The radiograph revealed a large size periapical lesion extending from the lower right first premolar to the lower left canine. History of dental trauma in childhood was recorded. The asymptomatic, injured teeth were not treated by dentist. Upon clinical examination a discolored lower right central incisor and more teeth with pulpal necrosis were found. After the endodontic treatments a cystostomy was performed. Obturator was used by the patient in the healing period. The success of complex treatment is proven by the highly recovered bone forming shown during the regular recalls. For the correct diagnosis and planning of the complete treatment dentist should be careful on general- and dental anamnesis and complete clinical and radiographic examination. Small clinical signs and pathoses should alert the dentist. This case is a reminder that the careful anamnesis, clinical examination and early diagnosis of any pathosis are very important.

[Cavity preparation and restorative therapy in articles, published by the Fogorvosi Szemle in the last hundred years]. / Az üregalakítás és a tömésterápia 100 éve a Fogorvosi Szemle publikációinak tükrében.

The aim of this review is to overview the development achieved in restorative therapy based on the publications in Fogorvosi Szemle during the past hundred years. The top quality of the restorative therapy was, and still has been the inlay, but nowadays the esthetic inlay -- fixed with adhesive material -- has priority over the gold inlay. The quality of amalgam fillings has been recently improved by using high-copper containing amalgam alloys. The development on the field of adhesive material and methods made it possible to give up the routine use of any conventional base material. The place of gingival wall of the cavity moved from subgingival position into supragingival position. The macro retention has been replaced by micro retention, and nowadays the cavity preparation prefers minimal-invasive techniques.

[Changes in the therapy of pulpal diseases and periapical lesions according to the articles published in the journal Fogorvosi Szemle during the past 100 years (1908-2008)]. / A fogbélbetegségek és a fogbél következményes betegségeinek terápiájában (gyökérkezelés) bekövetkezett változások 100 éve a Fogorvosi Szemle közlemenyeinek tükrében (1908-2008).

Present review makes an attempt to summarize the Hungarian endodontic literature of pulpal and periodontal diseases, published during the past 100 years. The experimental examinations and clinical studies make it possible to follow the changes in the methods and in the medicines, used in the field of pulpal treatment. The overview gives us information about the problem of disinfection, shaping, measuring, and obturation of root canal.

[Advancements in dental preparation technique (literature review)]. / Fejlódés a fogorvosi preparációs technikában (irodalmi áttekintés).

This paper has reviewed the literature on the methods of cavity preparation. The different methods are summarised in Table 1. Nowadays rotary instruments are accepted as standard for cavity preparation. The limitation of using a rotary instrument is the iatrogenic damage to adjacent teeth. Therefore some of the hand instruments remained an essential part of quality restorative dentistry. In order to reduce iatrogenic injury oscillating instruments had been developed. The oscillating instruments change the rotary movement into an oscillating movement and copy the shape of the working tip through an abrasive medium to the tooth surface. The abrasive medium is generally diamond. A new possibility in tooth preparation is the Er:YAG laser. It can be used for both cavity preparation and caries removal. The chemo-mechanical caries removal means the selective chemical softening is followed by the mechanical removing of carious dentin.