Directed Self-Assembly, Symmetry Breaking, and Electronic Modulation of Metal Oxide Clusters by Pyramidal Heteroanions.

Mixed valence/metal polyoxometalate (POM) clusters are one of the most interesting host species because they show the ability to incorporate a wide range of heteroatoms of various charges and geometries. We report herein the incorporation of pyramidal EO32- heteroanions (E=PH, S, Se, Te) that are responsible not only for directing the templated assembly of a family of mixed-metal POMs but also for the symmetry-breaking of the traditional Dawson architecture and modulation of the electronic characteristics of the cluster's shell. The isolated family of POMs consists of four members: (Me2 NH2 )5 Na2 [Mo11 V7 O52 (HPO3 )]⋅MeOH⋅5 H2 O (1), (NH4 )7 [Mo11 V7 O52 (SO3 )]⋅12 H2 O (2), K7 [Mo11 V7 O52 (SeO3 )] ⋅31 H2 O (3), and (Me2 NH2 )6 Na[Mo11 V7 O52 (TeO3 )]⋅15 H2 O (4), and were characterized by X-ray structural analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV/Vis, FTIR, elemental analysis, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies in concert with density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations have been used to elucidate the effect of the heteroatom on the electronic properties of the cluster.

Trapping the δ Isomer of the Polyoxometalate-Based Keggin Cluster with a Tripodal Ligand.

We report the synthesis, structural, and electronic characterization of the theoretically predicted, but experimentally elusive δ-isomer of the Keggin polyoxometalate polyanion. A family of δ-Keggin polyoxoanions of the general formula, (TEA)Hp Naq [H2 M12 (XO4 )O33 (TEA)]⋅r H2 O where p, q, r=[2,3,8] for 1 and [4,1,4] for 2 were isolated by the reaction of tungstate(VI) and vanadium(V) with triethanolammonium ions (TEAH), acting as a tripodal ligand grafted to the surface of the cluster thereby stabilizing the polyanionic δ-Keggin archetype. The δ-Keggin species were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, UV/Vis, NMR, and ESI-MS spectrometry. Electronic structure and structure-stability correlations were evaluated by means of DFT calculations. The compounds exhibited multi-electron transfer and reversible photochromic properties by undergoing single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SC-SC) transformations accompanied with color changes under light.

The "periodic table" of di-2-pyridyl ketone: vanadium complexes.

The reactions of V(IV) sources and di-2-pyridyl ketone have led to V(IV)(2), V(V)(2) and V(V)(4) complexes with interesting structures and properties.

Rare oxidation-state combinations and unusual structural motifs in hexanuclear Mn complexes using 2-pyridyloximate ligands.

The use of phenyl-2-pyridyl ketone oxime and di-2-pyridyl ketone oxime in Mn chemistry has led to hexanuclear clusters with unprecedented (Mn(II)(4)Mn(III)Mn(IV)) or extremely rare (Mn(II)Mn(III)(5) and Mn(II)(3)Mn(III)(3)) metal oxidation-state combinations and uncommon structural motifs.

Employment of methyl 2-pyridyl ketone oxime in manganese non-carboxylate chemistry: Mn(II)(2)Mn(IV) and Mn(II)(2)Mn(III)(6) complexes.

The employment of the anion of methyl 2-pyridyl ketone oxime (mpko(-)) as a tridentate chelating/bridging ligand in manganese chemistry is described. The inorganic anion (Br(-), ClO(4)(-)) used in the reaction affects the identity of the product. The reaction of MnBr(2) and one equivalent of mpkoH in the presence of a base affords [Mn(3)(OMe)(2)(mpko)(4)Br(2)] (3), which is mixed-valence (2Mn(II), Mn(IV)). The central Mn(IV) atom in each of the two, crystallographically independent, centrosymmetric molecules is coordinated by four oximate oxygen atoms belonging to the eta(1):eta(1):eta(1):mu mpko(-) ligands, and two eta(1):mu MeO(-) groups, while six coordination at each terminal Mn(II) atom is completed by four nitrogen atoms belonging to the 'chelating' part of two mpko(-) ligands, and one Br(-) ion. The Mn(II) atoms have trigonal prismatic coordination geometry. The reaction of Mn(ClO(4))(2).6H(2)O, mpkoH and OH(-) (1:2:1) in MeOH gives [Mn(8)O(4)(OMe)(mpko)(9)(mpkoH)](ClO(4))(4) (4), which is also mixed-valence (2Mn(II), 6Mn(III)) and possesses the novel [Mn(8)(mu(3)-O)(4)(mu-OMe)(mu-OR'')(2)](11+) core. The latter possesses a U-shaped sequence of four fused {Mn(II)Mn(III)(2)(mu(3)-O)}(6+) triangular units, with a Mn(III)-Mn(III) edge being shared between the central triangles. Variable-temperature, solid-state dc and ac magnetic susceptibility studies were carried out on complexes 3 and 4 . The dc susceptibility data for 3 in the 5.0-300 K range have been fit to a model with two J values, revealing weak ferromagnetic Mn(II)Mn(IV) (J = +3.4 cm(-1)) and Mn(II)Mn(II) (J' = +0.3 cm(-1)) exchange interactions. Fitting of the magnetization vs. H/T data by matrix diagonalization and including only axial anisotropy (ZFS, D) gave ground state spin (S) and D values of S = 13/2, D = +0.17 cm(-1) for and S = 3, D = -0.09 cm(-1) for 4 . The combined work demonstrates the usefulness of mpko(-) in the preparation of interesting Mn clusters, without requiring the co-presence of carboxylate ligands.