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1.
J Exp Orthop ; 11(3): e12082, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39015343

RESUMO

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the location where the femoral artery contacts the vastus medialis at the adductor tendon hiatus, which is important when using the subvastus approach in medial closed wedge distal femoral osteotomy. We evaluated the correlation between differences in height, vastus medialis morphology, and lower limb alignment. Methods: Sixty knees (16 male, 44 female) that underwent plain computer tomography (CT) were included. Using the radiographic hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle as a reference, the knees were divided into three groups of 20 knees: valgus, varus, and neutral. The mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) and distance from the medial femoral epicondyle to the centre of the femoral head (D1) were measured on full-length weight-bearing anteroposterior radiographs. The first cross-section on CT where the vastus medialis muscle and femoral artery connect was defined as the cross-sectional image for measurement. The direct distance from the medial epicondyle to the measured cross-sectional image (D2) was measured in the coronal view. The ratio of the vastus medialis muscle width to the femoral posterior wall width was defined as the vastus medialis muscle coverage ratio (CR). Correlations between each measurement and group were evaluated. Results: There was a positive correlation between D1 and D2 in the overall, neutral, and varus groups; however, there was no correlation in the valgus group. A positive correlation was observed in terms of the relationship between CR and D2 in the overall and valgus groups. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the correlation between the mLDFA and D2, with patient height as a control variable overall and in all groups. Conclusion: In the valgus group, distance to the adductor hiatus was correlated with vastus medialis coverage. Overhang of the vastus medialis may be an important influencing factor of femoral and popliteus artery position. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

2.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 5779, 2024 Jul 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38987535

RESUMO

To the best of our knowledge, enzymes that catalyse intramolecular Diels-Alder ([4+2] cycloaddition) reactions are frequently reported in natural product biosynthesis; however, no native enzymes utilising Lewis acid catalysis have been reported. Verticilactam is a representative member of polycyclic macrolactams, presumably produced by spontaneous cycloaddition. We report that the intramolecular [4+2] cycloadditions can be significantly accelerated by ferredoxins (Fds), a class of small iron-sulphur (Fe-S) proteins. Through iron atom substitution by Lewis acidic gallium (Ga) iron and computational calculations, we confirm that the ubiquitous Fe-S cluster efficiently functions as Lewis acid to accelerate the tandem [4+2] cycloaddition and Michael addition reactions by lowering free energy barriers. Our work highlights Nature's ingenious strategy to generate complex molecule structures using the ubiquitous Fe-S protein. Furthermore, our study sheds light on the future design of Fd as a versatile Lewis acid catalyst for [4+2] cycloaddition reactions.


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos , Reação de Cicloadição , Proteínas Ferro-Enxofre , Ácidos de Lewis , Produtos Biológicos/metabolismo , Produtos Biológicos/química , Proteínas Ferro-Enxofre/metabolismo , Proteínas Ferro-Enxofre/química , Ácidos de Lewis/química , Ácidos de Lewis/metabolismo , Catálise , Ferro/química , Ferro/metabolismo , Lactamas/metabolismo , Lactamas/química , Biocatálise
3.
Synth Syst Biotechnol ; 9(4): 723-732, 2024 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38882181

RESUMO

Acetic acid is a common inhibitor present in lignocellulose hydrolysate, which inhibits the ethanol production by yeast strains. Therefore, the cellulosic ethanol industry requires yeast strains that can tolerate acetic acid stress. Here we demonstrate that overexpressing a yeast native arginase-encoding gene, CAR1, renders Saccharomyces cerevisiae acetic acid tolerance. Specifically, ethanol yield increased by 27.3% in the CAR1-overexpressing strain compared to the control strain under 5.0 g/L acetic acid stress. The global intracellular amino acid level and compositions were further analyzed, and we found that CAR1 overexpression reduced the total amino acid content in response to acetic acid stress. Moreover, the CAR1 overexpressing strain showed increased ATP level and improved cell membrane integrity. Notably, we demonstrated that the effect of CAR1 overexpression was independent of the spermidine and proline metabolism, which indicates novel mechanisms for enhancing yeast stress tolerance. Our studies also suggest that CAR1 is a novel genetic element to be used in synthetic biology of yeast for efficient production of fuel ethanol.

4.
Front Microbiol ; 15: 1419530, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38903792

RESUMO

The arginine transporter Can1 is a multifunctional protein of the conventional yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Apart from facilitating arginine uptake, Can1 plays a pivotal role in regulating proline metabolism and maintaining cellular redox balance. Here, we report a novel function of Can1 in the control of yeast biofilm formation. First, the S. cerevisiae CAN1 gene knockout strain displayed a significant growth delay compared to the wild-type strain. Our genetic screening revealed that the slow growth of the CAN1 knockout strain is rescued by a functional deficiency of the FLO8 gene, which encodes the master transcription factor associated with biofilm formation, indicating that Can1 is involved in biofilm formation. Intriguingly, the CAN1 knockout strain promoted the Flo11-dependent aggregation, leading to higher biofilm formation. Furthermore, the CAN1 knockout strain of the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata exhibited slower growth and higher biofilm formation, similar to S. cerevisiae. More importantly, the C. glabrata CAN1 gene knockout strain showed severe toxicity to macrophage-like cells and nematodes. The present results could help to elucidate both the molecular mechanism underlying yeast biofilm formation and the role it plays. Future investigations may offer insights that contribute to development of antibiofilm agents.

5.
bioRxiv ; 2024 Apr 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38746097

RESUMO

Seasonal changes in spring induce flowering by expressing the florigen, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), in Arabidopsis. FT is expressed in unique phloem companion cells with unknown characteristics. The question of which genes are co-expressed with FT and whether they have roles in flowering remains elusive. Through tissue-specific translatome analysis, we discovered that under long-day conditions with the natural sunlight red/far-red ratio, the FT-producing cells express a gene encoding FPF1-LIKE PROTEIN 1 (FLP1). The master FT regulator, CONSTANS (CO), controls FLP1 expression, suggesting FLP1's involvement in the photoperiod pathway. FLP1 promotes early flowering independently of FT, is active in the shoot apical meristem, and induces the expression of SEPALLATA 3 (SEP3), a key E-class homeotic gene. Unlike FT, FLP1 facilitates inflorescence stem elongation. Our cumulative evidence indicates that FLP1 may act as a mobile signal. Thus, FLP1 orchestrates floral initiation together with FT and promotes inflorescence stem elongation during reproductive transitions.

6.
Cureus ; 16(4): e59097, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38803778

RESUMO

The powdered form of oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC powder) is a widely used biodegradable hemostatic material in the field of surgery. There are several reports of its effectiveness and safety; however, excessive foreign body reactions remain a concern for surgeons in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A 70-year-old woman who underwent unilateral TKA using ORC powder to control perioperative blood loss exhibited a skin rash around her operated knee at six days postoperatively. These reactions were potentially hypersensitive to ORC powder. After receiving antiallergic medication for 18 days, the skin rash disappeared. Although there are several reports on the safety of ORC powder, inadequate intraoperative lavage of the product may induce hypersensitive reactions such as skin rash.

7.
iScience ; 27(4): 109515, 2024 Apr 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38591010

RESUMO

Transient anoxia causes amnesia and neuronal death. This is attributed to enhanced glutamate release and modeled as anoxia-induced long-term potentiation (aLTP). aLTP is mediated by glutamate receptors and nitric oxide (·NO) and occludes stimulation-induced LTP. We identified a signaling cascade downstream of ·NO leading to glutamate release and a glutamate-·NO loop regeneratively boosting aLTP. aLTP in entothelial ·NO synthase (eNOS)-knockout mice and blocking neuronal NOS (nNOS) activity suggested that both nNOS and eNOS contribute to aLTP. Immunostaining result showed that eNOS is predominantly expressed in vascular endothelia. Transient anoxia induced a long-lasting Ca2+ elevation in astrocytes that mirrored aLTP. Blocking astrocyte metabolism or depletion of the NMDA receptor ligand D-serine abolished eNOS-dependent aLTP, suggesting that astrocytic Ca2+ elevation stimulates D-serine release from endfeet to endothelia, thereby releasing ·NO synthesized by eNOS. Thus, the neuro-glial-endothelial axis is involved in long-term enhancement of glutamate release after transient anoxia.

8.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem ; 88(6): 689-695, 2024 May 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38549421

RESUMO

Streptomyces sp. SN-593, a reveromycin producer, was previously thought to belong to the genus Streptomyces based on its morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics. In this paper, we re-considered its taxonomic position according to the current criteria. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belongs to the genus Actinacidiphila. In multilocus sequence and phylogenomic analyses, the strain SN-593 represented a distinct evolutionary lineage within this genus, and its closest neighbor was A. yanglinensis. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization indicated that the strain shares less than 32% DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strains of closely related species, confirming this strain is a novel genomospecies. According to its phenotypic distinctiveness from the closest neighbor, we propose Actinacidiphila reveromycinica sp. nov. for the strain SN-593T. Additionally, as Streptomyces acidipaludis belonged to the genus Actinacidiphila in these analyses, it should be transferred to the genus, for which Actinacidiphila acidipaludis comb. nov. is proposed.


Assuntos
Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Streptomyces , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Streptomyces/classificação , Streptomyces/metabolismo , Streptomyces/genética , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico
9.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 90(4): e0015524, 2024 Apr 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38456673

RESUMO

Humans and mammals need to ingest essential amino acids (EAAs) for protein synthesis. In addition to their importance as nutrients, EAAs are involved in brain homeostasis. However, elderly people are unable to efficiently consume EAAs from their daily diet due to reduced appetite and variations in the contents of EAAs in foods. On the other hand, strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that accumulate EAAs would enable elderly people to intakegest adequate amounts of EAAs and thus might slow down the neurodegenerative process, contributing to the extension of their healthy lifespan. In this study, we isolated a mutant (strain HNV-5) that accumulates threonine, an EAA, derived from a diploid laboratory yeast by conventional mutagenesis. Strain HNV-5 carries a novel mutation in the HOM3 gene encoding the Ala462Thr variant of aspartate kinase (AK). Enzymatic analysis revealed that the Ala462Thr substitution significantly decreased the sensitivity of AK activity to threonine feedback inhibition even in the presence of 50 mM threonine. Interestingly, Ala462Thr substitution did not affect the catalytic ability of Hom3, in contrast to previously reported amino acid substitutions that resulted in reduced sensitivity to threonine feedback inhibition. Furthermore, yeast cells expressing the Ala462Thr variant showed an approximately threefold increase in intracellular threonine content compared to that of the wild-type Hom3. These findings will be useful for the development of threonine-accumulating yeast strains that may improve the quality of life in elderly people.IMPORTANCEFor humans and mammals, essential amino acids (EAAs) play an important role in maintaining brain function. Therefore, increasing the intake of EAAs by using strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that accumulate EAAs may inhibit neurodegeneration in elderly people and thus contribute to extending healthy lifespan and improving their quality of life. Threonine, an EAA, is synthesized from aspartate. Aspartate kinase (AK) catalyzes the first step in threonine biosynthesis and is subject to allosteric regulation by threonine. Here, we isolated a threonine-accumulating mutant of S. cerevisiae by conventional mutagenesis and identified a mutant gene encoding a novel variant of AK. In contrast to previously isolated variants, the Hom3 variant exhibited AK activity that was insensitive to feedback inhibition by threonine but retained its catalytic ability. This resulted in increased production of threonine in yeast. These findings open up the possibility for the rational design of AK to increase threonine productivity in yeast.


Assuntos
Aspartato Quinase , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Humanos , Animais , Idoso , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Treonina , Aspartato Quinase/química , Aspartato Quinase/genética , Aspartato Quinase/metabolismo , Retroalimentação , Qualidade de Vida , Mamíferos
10.
Patient Educ Couns ; 123: 108239, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38484599

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine communication in home medical care. METHODS: Conversations that happened during home medical care involving physicians at nine clinics were recorded and analyzed using the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS). Additional categories were developed to code aspects of home medical care. RESULTS: Overall, 55 conversations were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 82.9 ± 10.1 years old. The most common triad was physician, patient, and patient's companion. Information about home medical care professionals who were not present during the conversation was provided by the physician in 21 cases (38.2%), the patient in nine cases (16.4%), and companions in 21 (39.6%) cases. CONCLUSION: In home medical care, the participants mentioned home medical care professions who were not present at the time, suggesting that these conversations may have facilitated interprofessional collaboration. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Physicians should be aware that during home medical care, the presence of multiple attendants and other medical professionals contributing to communicate with the patient.


Assuntos
Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Médicos , Humanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Relações Médico-Paciente , Japão , Comunicação
11.
JMIR Diabetes ; 9: e48019, 2024 Jan 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38241065

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In recent years, technologies promoting the digitization of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) records including app-cloud cooperation systems have emerged. Studies combining these technological interventions with support from remote health care professionals have reported improvements in glycemic control. OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of an app-cloud cooperation system linked with SMBG devices in clinical settings, we evaluated its effects on outpatient management of diabetes without remote health care professional support. METHODS: In this multicenter, open-label, and single-armed prospective study, 48 patients with diabetes (including type 1 and type 2) at 3 hospitals in Japan treated with insulin or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and performing SMBG used the app-cloud cooperation system for 24 weeks. The SMBG data were automatically uploaded to the cloud via the app. The patients could check their data, and their attending physicians reviewed the data through the cloud prior to the patients' regular visits. The primary outcome was changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. RESULTS: Although HbA1c levels did not significantly change in all patients, the frequency of daily SMBG following applying the system was significantly increased before induction at 12 (0.60 per day, 95% CI 0.19-1.00; P=.002) and 24 weeks (0.43 per day, 95% CI 0.02-0.84; P=.04). In the subset of 21 patients whose antidiabetic medication had not been adjusted during the intervention period, a decrease in HbA1c level was observed at 12 weeks (P=.02); however, this significant change disappeared at 24 weeks (P=.49). The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire total score and "Q4: convenience" and "Q5: flexibility" scores significantly improved after using the system (all P<.05), and 72% (33/46) patients and 76% (35/46) physicians reported that the app-cloud cooperation system helped them adjust insulin doses. CONCLUSIONS: The digitization of SMBG records and sharing of the data by patients and attending physicians during face-to-face visits improved self-management in patients with diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT) jRCTs042190057; https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs042190057.

12.
J Fungi (Basel) ; 10(1)2024 Jan 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38248967

RESUMO

Nitric oxide (NO) is a natural reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that alters proteins, DNA, and lipids and damages biological activities. Although microorganisms respond to and detoxify NO, the regulation of the cellular metabolic mechanisms that cause cells to tolerate RNS toxicity is not completely understood. We found that the proline and arginine auxotrophic proA5 and argB2 mutants of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans require more arginine and proline for normal growth under RNS stress that starves cells by accumulating fewer amino acids. Fungal transcriptomes indicated that RNS stress upregulates the expression of the biosynthetic genes required for global amino acids, including proline and arginine. A mutant of the gene disruptant, cpcA, which encodes the transcriptional regulation of the cross-pathway control of general amino acid synthesis, did not induce these genes, and cells accumulated fewer amino acids under RNS stress. These results indicated a novel function of CpcA in the cellular response to RNS stress, which is mediated through amino acid starvation and induces the transcription of genes for general amino acid synthesis. Since CpcA also controls organic acid biosynthesis, impaired intermediates of such biosynthesis might starve cells of amino acids. These findings revealed the importance of the mechanism regulating amino acid homeostasis for fungal responses to and survival under RNS stress.

13.
Redox Biol ; 69: 103018, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38199039

RESUMO

Supersulfides, which are defined as sulfur species with catenated sulfur atoms, are increasingly being investigated in biology. We recently identified pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent biosynthesis of cysteine persulfide (CysSSH) and related supersulfides by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS). Here, we investigated the physiological role of CysSSH in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by generating a PLP-binding site mutation K109A in CRS1 (the yeast ortholog of CARS), which decreased the synthesis of CysSSH and related supersulfides and also led to reduced chronological aging, effects that were associated with an increased endoplasmic reticulum stress response and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics. Reduced chronological aging in the K109A mutant could be rescued by using exogenous supersulfide donors. Our findings indicate important roles for CARS in the production and metabolism of supersulfides-to mediate mitochondrial function and to regulate longevity.


Assuntos
Longevidade , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Enxofre/metabolismo
14.
J Gen Appl Microbiol ; 69(4): 229-233, 2024 Feb 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37005249

RESUMO

Arginine is a proteinogenic amino acid that organisms additionally exploit both for nitrogen storage and as a stress protectant. The location of arginine, whether intra- or extracellular, is important in maintaining physiological homeostasis. Here, we identified an arginine transporter ortholog of the emerging fungal pathogenic Candida glabrata. Blast searches revealed that the C. glabrata genome contains two potential orthologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae arginine transporter gene CAN1 (CAGL0J08162g and CAGL0J08184g). We then found that CAGL0J08162g is stably located on the plasma membrane and performs cellular uptake of arginine. Moreover, CAGL0J08162-disrupted cells of C. glabrata showed a partial resistance to canavanine, a toxic analog of arginine. Our data suggest that CAGL0J08162g is a key arginine transporter in the pathogenic C. glabrata (CgCan1).


Assuntos
Candida glabrata , Proteínas Fúngicas , Candida glabrata/genética , Candida glabrata/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Arginina/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica
15.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 694: 149413, 2024 Jan 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38141556

RESUMO

Recent studies have shown a role of inflammation in muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. However, no anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy has been established for the treatment of sarcopenia. Here, we investigate the potential role of PPARα and its ligands on inflammatory response and PGC-1α gene expression in LPS-treated C2C12 myotubes. Knockdown of PPARα, whose expression was upregulated upon differentiation, augmented IL-6 or TNFα gene expression. Conversely, PPARα overexpression or its activation by ligands suppressed 2-h LPS-induced cytokine expression, with pemafibrate attenuating NF-κB or STAT3 phosphorylation. Of note, reduction of PGC-1α gene expression by LPS treatment for 24 hours was partially reversed by fenofibrate. Our data demonstrate a critical inhibitory role of PPARα in inflammatory response of C2C12 myotubes and suggest a future possibility of PPARα ligands as a candidate for anti-inflammatory therapy against sarcopenia.


Assuntos
PPAR alfa , Sarcopenia , Anti-Inflamatórios/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/metabolismo , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , PPAR alfa/metabolismo , Sarcopenia/metabolismo , Animais , Camundongos
16.
J Fungi (Basel) ; 9(12)2023 Nov 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38132738

RESUMO

Although proline is the most or second most abundant amino acid in wort and grape must, it is not fully consumed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation, unlike other amino acids. Our previous studies showed that arginine, the third most abundant amino acid in wort, inhibits the utilization of proline in most strains of S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, we found that some non-Saccharomyces yeasts utilized proline in a specific artificial medium with arginine and proline as the only nitrogen source, but these yeasts were not suitable for beer fermentation due to their low alcohol productivity. For yeasts to be useful for brewing, they need to utilize proline and produce alcohol during fermentation. In this study, 11 S. cerevisiae strains and 10 non-Saccharomyces yeast strains in the Phaff Yeast Culture Collection were identified that utilize proline effectively. Notably, two of these S. cerevisiae strains, UCDFST 40-144 and 68-44, utilize proline and produce sufficient alcohol in the beer fermentation model used. These strains have the potential to create distinctive beer products that are specifically alcoholic but with a reduction in proline in the finished beer.

17.
J Biosci Bioeng ; 136(6): 438-442, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37940488

RESUMO

Proline, which is a predominant amino acid in grape musts, is involved in the taste and flavor of foods and beverages. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae poorly utilizes proline in wine-making processes, leading to a nitrogen deficiency during fermentation and proline accumulation in wine. Previous studies have shown that the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway is involved in inhibitory mechanisms of proline utilization. In this study, we screened the PKA pathway-related genes that regulate proline utilization. Using a yeast culture collection of disrupted strains associated with the downstream of the PKA cascade, we revealed that the stress-responsive transcription factor genes MSN2/4 regulate proline utilization. Moreover, we found that Msn2/4 up-regulate the SHY1 gene during the cell growth of the wine fermentation model, which may cause the inhibition of proline utilization. The SHY1-deleted strain of the commercial wine yeast clearly showed proline consumption and average ethanol production under the wine fermentation model. The present data indicate that the PKA-Msn2/4-Shy1 cascade controls the inhibition of proline utilization under wine-making processes. Our study could hold promise for the development of wine yeast strains that can efficiently reduce proline during wine fermentation.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Vinho , Fermentação , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Vinho/análise , Prolina/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo
18.
Prim Care Diabetes ; 17(6): 575-580, 2023 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37821263

RESUMO

AIMS: In our previously reported randomized controlled trial in patients with noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes, the use of flash glucose monitoring (FGM) improved glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and the improvement was sustained after the cessation of glucose monitoring. In this post-hoc analysis, we examined data from our trial to identify the factors that influenced FGM efficacy. METHODS: We analyzed data for 48 of 49 participants of the FGM group who completed the trial to clarify the changes in various parameters and factors related to HbA1c improvement with the use of FGM. RESULTS: Analyses of the FGM data during the 12-week FGM provision period showed that the weekly mean blood glucose levels considerably decreased as early as at 1 week compared with the baseline values, and this decline continued for 12 weeks. An enhancement in the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire regarding "willingness to continue the current treatment" score was significantly associated with the improvement in HbA1c at 12 (p = 0.009) and 24 weeks (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Glycemic control was improved soon after FGM initiation, accompanied by improved satisfaction with continuation of the current treatment in patients with noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Glicemia/análise , Hipoglicemiantes/efeitos adversos , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Automonitorização da Glicemia , Controle Glicêmico/efeitos adversos , Satisfação do Paciente
19.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol ; 107(23): 7365-7374, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37773217

RESUMO

Hydroponic cultivation of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) is important, and high tomato production depends on the use of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. We had developed a microbial fertilizer (MF), which is mainly composed of nitrate. To investigate the effect of MF on plant growth, hydroponic tomato was grown with MF or commercial inorganic fertilizer (IF), and the microbiomes of the rhizosphere and the liquid phase were analyzed by confocal microscopy and high-throughput sequencing. Plant biomass and biofilm formation were increased by growth in MF compared to IF. The microbial community structures of tomato roots and hydroponic water differed between the two conditions, and three operational taxonomic units (OTUs) dominated in plants grown with MF. The three OTUs were related to Rudaea spp., Chitinophaga spp., and Stenotrophobacter terrae, which are reported to be disease-suppressive epiphytic or endophytic microbes of plant roots. Because these three OTUs also predominated in the MF itself, they were likely provided to the rhizosphere or endophytic environments of tomato roots via hydroponic water. KEY POINTS: • Microbial fertilizer for hydroponic growth enhanced biofilm formation on tomato root. • Microbial fertilizer contains tomato-root epiphytic or endophytic microbes. • Microbial fertilizer provided beneficial microbes to the rhizosphere and endophytic environments of tomato roots via hydroponic water.


Assuntos
Alphaproteobacteria , Solanum lycopersicum , Fertilizantes/microbiologia , Hidroponia , Microbiologia do Solo , Rizosfera , Água , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia
20.
Microb Cell ; 10(8): 170-177, 2023 Aug 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37545644

RESUMO

Metallothionein (MT), which is a small metal-binding protein with cysteine-rich motifs, functions in the detoxification of heavy metals in a variety of organisms. Even though previous studies suggest that MT is involved in the tolerance mechanisms against nitrosative stress induced by toxic levels of nitric oxide (NO) in mammalian cells, the physiological functions of MT in relation to NO have not been fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the functions of MT in nitrosative stress tolerance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our phenotypic analyses showed that deletion or overexpression of the MT-encoding gene, CUP1, led to higher sensitivity or tolerance to nitrosative stress in S. cerevisiae cells, respectively. We further examined whether the yeast MT Cup1 in the cell-free lysate scavenges NO. These results showed that the cell-free lysate containing a higher level of Cup1 degraded NO more efficiently. On the other hand, the transcription level of CUP1 was not affected by nitrosative stress treatment. Our findings suggest that the yeast MT Cup1 contributes to nitrosative stress tolerance, possibly as a constitutive rather than an inducible defense mechanism.

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