RESUMO
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a freshwater fish which is farmed worldwide. Improving the muscle quality of fish has become a major goal while maintaining a sustainable aquaculture system. This research attempts to assess the effect of 0% (FB0), 40%(FB40), 50%(FB50), 60%(FB60) and 70% (FB70) faba bean on the texture parameter, histological analysis, proximate, amino acids, and fatty acids composition in tilapia fed 90 days. The results showed that hardness, chewiness, and shear force of tilapia muscle fed FB60, and FB70 were considerably more in comparison to fish fed FB0 at 90 days (p < 0.05). Tilapia fed faba beans had higher muscle fiber density, wider spaces between muscle fibers and smaller fiber diameter, with the greatest difference in tilapia fed FB60. The total protein content in tilapia fed FB40 was considerably more in comparison to in fish fed FB70 (p < 0.05), where the total protein content in muscle first increased and then reduced with increasing dietary faba bean level. The muscle ∑TAA, ∑EAA, valine, tyrosine, cysteine, aspartic acid, methionine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, leucine, arginine, and serine, contents in tilapia fed FB60 were much more in contrast to in fish fed FB0 (p < 0.05), which initially increased and then reduced with increasing dietary faba bean level. The muscle ∑PUFA content in tilapia fed dietary faba beans was greater compared with fish fed FB0, whereas the ∑SFA contents in tilapia fed FB50 and FB60 were lower in contrast to in fish fed FB0. In summary, dietary faba beans can improve muscle texture, muscle fibers, amino acids content and fatty acids content in tilapia. The research's results make a contribution to the improved knowledge of the association among muscle quality in tilapia and dietary faba beans.
RESUMO
The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is a critically endangered mammal with a highly specialized diet. To enhance nutritional knowledge of its diet, we analyzed the colony composition of a nest of Polyrhachis dives ants, which is the key natural prey in the Chinese pangolin's diet. In addition, we determined the nutrient composition of the total colony compared with adult ants. Nutrients quantified in this study included: crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, and amino acids, minerals, and vitamins, as well as formic acid and chitin, which have not been reported in previous diet studies. Our results showed that the colony consisted of adults (82%), pupae (10%), larvae (7%), and eggs (1%) (fresh mass). Both the total colony and adult ants, respectively, contained high concentrations of crude protein (62.97% and 64.68%), chitin (49.25% and 60.40%), crude fat (10.12% and 9.91%) (dry matter basis), and formic acid (2.06% and 3.07%) (fresh mass). This implies that Chinese pangolin might prefer prey with high protein, high chitin, low fat, and low formic acid content. Colony and adult ants differed in chemical composition in many aspects, thus it might be unsuitable to feed Chinese pangolin with only adult ants. Chitin and formic acid may play important roles in the diet and selectivity of Chinese pangolin. This study provides reference information that may be useful for developing better artificial diets with more comprehensive nutrient compositional data to meet the nutritional requirements of the Chinese pangolin under managed feeding programs.
Assuntos
Formigas , Pangolins , Animais , Animais de Zoológico , Mamíferos , NutrientesRESUMO
This study investigated whether CRISPR/Cas9 (D10A) nickase-mediated gene editing can correct the aberrant Hb Constant Spring mutation (Hb CS or HBA2: c.427 T > C) in fibroblasts. Vectors for repairing the α-globin-encoding gene, HBA2:c.427 T > C mutation, includingthe CRISPR/Cas9(D10A)-sg plasmid and donor with homology arms, were constructed and used to perform gene editing in patient-derived fibroblasts. We subsequently analyzed the genetic correction, the gene editing efficiency and off-target effect. Sequencing analysis and the BamHI assay showed that HB CS mutant cells were repaired with Hb CS point mutations, the editing efficiency was 4.18%~9.34% and no off-target effects were detected. The results indicate that the HB CS mutant gene is effectively repaired by the CRISPR/Cas9 (D10A)system, which may enable truly personalized therapy for precise repair of α-thalassemia.
Assuntos
Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Edição de Genes , Humanos , Edição de Genes/métodos , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Desoxirribonuclease I/metabolismo , Mutação , Fibroblastos/metabolismoRESUMO
PCS-2A is a 34,023-Da acidic polysaccharide purified from chestnut shell consisting of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, ribose, and galacturonic acid subunits at a molar ratio of 0.019:0.044:0.059:0.052:0.197:0.628. FTIR, methylation, and NMR analyses suggest the following backbone, (â4)-α-d-GalAp-(1 â 2,4)-α-l-Rha-(1â), with the branch chain composed of arabinose on O-2 with 2,4)-α-l-Rha-(1â). CCK-8 assay indicated PCS-2A treatment offset the reduction in cell viability inflicted by H2O2. Furthermore, histological signs of recovery in hepatocytes and liver tissue and a decreased level of AST and ALT occurred following administration of PCS-2A, indicating anti-liver lesion capability. In addition, we found that PCS-2A effectively alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative stress via activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway, evidenced by the downregulation of ROS content and upregulation of Nrf2 expression, as well as its corresponding antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidative effect elicited by PCS-2A further ameliorated NF-κB-mediated inflammation, as evidenced by lower mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, higher IκB in vitro, and reduced gene expression and activities of proinflammatory cytokines in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro apoptosis-related indicators revealed that P53-mediated apoptosis was alleviated via oxidative stress modulation. In summary, these results suggest that PCS-2A may elicit a protective effect against H2O2-induced liver injury via upregulation of the NRF2 signaling pathway.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Nozes/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Perciformes/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in farmed fish fed a high-fat diet (HFD), which disrupts lipid metabolism, inhibits growth performance, and poses a serious threat to sustainable aquaculture. This study explored the anti-NAFLD effect and hepatoprotective mechanism of YZW-A, a water-soluble heteroglycan extracted from the pomelo fruitlet (Citrus maxima), in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatusâ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatusâ). Hybrid grouper were fed an HFD, with 15% lipid, supplemented with YZW-A for 56 days. In vivo, addition of YZW-A resulted in improved growth performance and feed utilization, while it reduced whole body and muscle lipid content, viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes, and lipid deposition in the hepatocytes. Lipogenesis-related genes were downregulated while lipolysis-related genes were upregulated in grouper supplemented with YZW-A. Additionally, destructive morphological changes in the liver tissue cells detected in HFD-fed grouper were normalized after treatment with YZW-A. In vitro, YZW-A improved lipid emulsion-induced hepatic steatosis by modulating key factors of lipid metabolism, achieved by triggering the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in the hepatocytes and activating the AMPK/Nrf2/ARE axis. These results demonstrated the therapeutic effect of YZW-A on diet-induced NAFLD in hybrid grouper and elucidated a possible mechanism underlying NAFLD prevention and suppression of further deterioration by YZW-A.
Assuntos
Bass , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/genética , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Dieta , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Carboidratos da Dieta/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Lipídeos , Fígado/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/veterinária , Polissacarídeos/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to use the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPRassociated (Cas) 9mediated gene knockout technology for the rapid classification of the differential function of micro (mi)RNAs screened using miRNA expression profiling by microarray. The rational design of single guide RNAs for the CRISPR/Cas9 system was verified to function in human LNCaP cells with rapid and efficient target gene editing. miRNA (miR)205, miR221, miR222, miR30c, miR224, miR4553p, miR23b and miR505 were downregulated in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and were experimentally validated to function as tumor suppressors in prostate cancer cells, affecting tumor proliferation, invasion and aerobic glycolysis. In addition, the data of the present study suggested that miR663a and mfiR12255p were upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and cell proliferation of miR663a and miR12255p knockout PCa cells was significantly lower compared with miRNC cells. Furthermore, knockout of miR12255p and miR663a significantly decreased the lactate production in LNCaP cells in vitro. In conclusion, the present study offered a simple and efficient method for rapidly classifying miRNA function by applying CRISPR/Cas9 in LNCaP cells. The present study suggested, for the first time to the best of the authors' knowledge, that the aberrant expression of miR663a and miR12255p may be involved with the progression of prostate cancer, implying their potential as candidate markers for this type of cancer. However, the precise role of miR663a and miR12255p in accelerating the development of prostate cancer and promoting tumor progression remains to be elucidated.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Inativação de Genes/métodos , MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Progressão da Doença , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glicólise , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy seen in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in males. The incidence and mortality associated with PCa has been rapidly increasing in China recently. METHODS: Multiple diagnostic models of human PCa were developed based on Taylor database by combining the artificial neural networks (ANNs) to enhance the ability of PCa diagnosis. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to select feature genes as numerical encoded parameters that reflect cancer, metastatic, or normal samples. Back propagation (BP) neural network and learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network were used to build different Cancer/Normal, Primary/Metastatic, and Gleason Grade diagnostic models. RESULTS: The performance of these modeling approaches was evaluated by predictive accuracy (ACC) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). By observing the statistically significant parameters of the three training sets, our Cancer/Normal, Primary/Metastatic, and Gleason Grade models' with ACC and AUC can be drawn (97.33%, 0.9832), (99.17%, 0.9952), and (90.48%, 0.8742), respectively. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that our diagnostic models of human PCa based on Taylor database combining the feature gene expression profiling data and artificial intelligence algorithms might act as a powerful tool for diagnosing PCa. Gleason Grade diagnostic models were used as novel prognostic diagnosis models for biochemical recurrence-free survival and overall survival, which might be helpful in the prognostic diagnosis of PCa in patients.
Assuntos
Redes Neurais de Computação , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Idoso , Bases de Dados Factuais , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: FK506 binding protein 9 (FKBP9) has been reported and identified for a long time, but its relationship with cancer is rarely studied. For example, the role of FK506 binding protein 9 in prostate cancer (PCa) is still unclear. Therefore, we decided to detect the expression level of FKBP9 in PCa and explore its clinical significance. METHODS: The expression level of FKBP9 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. In addition, it was demonstrated by high-throughput sequencing of mRNA levels in the TCGA (cancer genome atlas) dataset of 499 patients. Kaplan-meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to evaluate the relationship between FKBP9 expression and survival in prostate cancer patients. RESULTS: The expression of FKBP9 was localized in the cytoplasm, which in normal prostate tissues was obviously lower than that in PCa tissues (Pâ¯=â¯0.001). High expression of FKBP9 was related with lymph node metastasis (Pâ¯=â¯0.022) and distant metastasis (Pâ¯=â¯0.028). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the BCR-free survival of PCa patients with high FKBP9 level was significantly shortened (P=0.041). CONCLUSIONS: FKBP9 may be a cancer promoter that enhances PCa progression, and the level of FKBP9 may be used as an independent precursor of PCa patients.
Assuntos
Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Tacrolimo/metabolismo , Idoso , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologiaRESUMO
The purpose of the present study was to explore the impaired anti-bacteria ability in immune organs and immune systems of obscure puffer induced by chronic dietary phosphorus (P) deficiency. Fish were fed diets supplemented with 6 g/kg P (P6) and 0 g/kg P (P0) respectively for 15 weeks, and lower final body weight, feed intake, weight gain, whole body P content and bone P content were observed in fish fed P0 diet (P < 0.05). Then the fish were continued to feed for 3 weeks and intraperitoneal injection with PBS (P6+PBS) and Aeromonas hydrophila (A.hydrophila) (P6 + A.hydrophila and P0 + A.hydrophila), and sampled at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. The results showed that dietary P deficiency lowered survival rate, total hemocyte count, whereas enhanced ROS production and apoptosis rate of obscure puffer compared to the 6 g/kg P supplemented group after infection. Moreover, compared to the P sufficient group, puffer fish fed P deficient diet decreased the expressions of antioxidant genes catalase (cat) and glutathione reductase (gr), immune-related genes toll-like receptor 2 (tlr-2) and anti-inflammatory factors transforming growth factor ß1 (tgf-ß1) and interleukin 11 (il-11) while increased pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (tnf-α), interleukin 1ß (il-1ß) and interleukin 8 (il-8) in head kidney post-infection. In addition, dietary P deficiency decreased the hepatic gene expressions of anti-apoptotic factor B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) and bax-inhibitor 1 (bi-1), accompanied by increasing the mRNA expressions of pro-apoptotic factor caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 compared to the P sufficient group after A.hydrophila infection. In conclusion, dietary P deficiency impaired the anti-bacteria function of the immune system as well as immune organs by increasing oxidative stress and aggravating the inflammatory response and apoptosis in obscure puffer under the A.hydrophila challenge.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Fosfatos de Cálcio/metabolismo , Doenças dos Peixes/imunologia , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Takifugu/imunologia , Aeromonas hydrophila/fisiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Fosfatos de Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/imunologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/veterinária , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
Excessive lipid accumulation and chemical abuse can induce fatty liver diseases in fish, but the underlying mechanism and therapies are unknown. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of Xiaochaihu Decoction (XCHD) on the growth performance, lipid metabolism and antioxidant function of hybrid grouper in vitro and in vivo, and provide evidence as to whether it can be potentially used as a medicine for liver diseases in aquaculture. In vitro, steatosis model of hybrid grouper primary hepatocytes were incubated for 48â¯h in control or lipid emulsion (LE)-containing medium with or without 24â¯h post-treatment with XCHD. XCHD treatment reversed the LE-induced intracellular lipid accumulation, cell viability and hepatocytes morphological structure. In vivo, a total of 300 hybrid grouper with an average initial weight of 25.43⯱â¯0.18â¯g were fed diets containing five graded levels of XCHD at 150-1200â¯mg/kg diet for 8 weeks. After that, a challenge trial was conducted by injection of D-GalN/LPS to induce liver injury. As a result, dietary supplementation with 150-300â¯mg/kg XCHD diets can significant improve growth performance and feed utilization (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). Dietary XCHD down-regulated the expression of lipogenic-related genes (G6PD, DGAT2 and ME1) and up-regulated lipolysis-related genes (ATGL, PPARα and LPL) expression in the liver of hybrid grouper. Livers challenged with D-GalN/LPS exhibited extensive areas of vacuolization with the disappearance of nuclei and the loss of hepatic architecture. These pathological alterations were ameliorated by XCHD treatment. XCHD significantly down-regulated the D-GalN/LPS induced apoptosis-related genes caspase-3, caspase-9 and p53 mRNA expression and up-regulated the antioxidant-related genes CAT and MnSOD mRNA expression in dose dependent manner, respectively. XCHD potently reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and enhanced antioxidant capability in hybrid grouper and may be a potential fish-feed additive to prevent fatty liver diseases onset and progression.
Assuntos
Bass , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/metabolismo , Fígado Gorduroso/veterinária , Doenças dos Peixes/tratamento farmacológico , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Bass/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bass/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Fígado Gorduroso/induzido quimicamente , Fígado Gorduroso/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Doenças dos Peixes/induzido quimicamente , Galactosamina/efeitos adversos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipopolissacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , MasculinoRESUMO
In this study, two experiments were performed to explore the effect of Radix Bupleuri extracts (RBE) on growth, lipid deposition and metabolism and immune response of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatusââ¯×â¯Epinephelus fuscoguttatusâ) using in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro, we used 2â¯ml/L 20% lipid emulsion (LE)-induced steatosis in hybrid grouper primary hepatocytes, then RBE (200, 400 and 800⯵g/ml) was added to the hepatocytes after (post-treatment) the incubation with 20% LE (2â¯ml/L) in the culture medium. We found that RBE markedly increased cell viability, which were consistent with hepatocytes morphological structure examination and lipid metabolism and immune related genes study. The above result suggested that RBE has a protective effect on this model of hepatocytes damage. In vivo, five graded levels of RBE at 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600â¯mg/kg diet were supplemented to a basal diet with 15% lipid levels (high lipid), and fed to a total of 300 hybrid grouper with an average initial weight of 25.58⯱â¯0.05â¯g for 8 weeks. Growth performance, liver histology, plasma biochemical parameters, and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune-related were measured. The study indicated that dietary RBE significantly improved growth performance and feed utilization and reduced hepatosomatic index. Dietary supplementation with 200-800â¯mg/kg RBE diets effectively decreased serum ALP, ALT, AST and LDH contents in fish. Furthermore, adipogenesis relative mRNA levels of DGAT2, G6PD, ME1 and DGKα in fish fed 200-400â¯mg/kg RBE diets were lower (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) than in those fed RBE0 diets, while dietary supplementation with 200-800â¯mg/kg RBE diets up-regulated lipolysis-related genes (CPT1, LPL and PPARα) expression in the liver of hybrid grouper. Moreover, dietary RBE down-regulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes (caspase-9), up-regulated the expression of antioxidant genes (CAT) and immune-related genes (MHC2, IKKα and TGF-ß1). Thus, our data suggest that RBE suppressed lipid accumulation and enhanced immune capability in hybrid grouper both in vitro and in vivo. These results offer new insight into RBE as a hepatoprotective in fish.
Assuntos
Bass/imunologia , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Fígado Gorduroso/veterinária , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Apoptose , Bass/genética , Bass/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Caspase 9/genética , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Fígado Gorduroso/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Proteínas de Peixes/imunologia , Hibridização Genética , Lipólise , Fígado/imunologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Raízes de Plantas/química , RNA MensageiroRESUMO
The study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with dandelion extracts (DE) on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, serum biochemical, liver histology, immune-related gene expression and CCl4 resistance of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatusâ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatusâ). A basal diet supplemented with DE at 0% (diet 0%), 0.1% (diet 0.1%), 0.2% (diet 0.2%), 0.4% (diet 0.4%) and 0.8% (diet 0.8%) were fed to hybrid grouper for 8 weeks. The results revealed that dietary DE had not a significant impact on growth performance and feed utilization (Pâ¯>â¯0.05), but it could decrease the percent of crude lipids in whole body and increase the percent of crude protein in muscle (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). Dietary DE increased the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and reduced inflammatory factor in the spleen and head-kidney of fish (Pâ¯<â¯0.05), but reduced the expression of the liver antioxidant gene except for glutathione reductase (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). Dietary supplementation with 0.2%-0.4% DE could effectively improve liver health. After injection of CCL4 by 72â¯h, fish fed Diet0.2% and Diet0.4% showed regular hepatocyte morphology while fish fed Diet 0%, Diet 0.1% and Diet 0.8% showed hepatocyte damage. Higher survival rate and total blood cell count was observed in fish fed 0.1%-0.4% dietary DE (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). In conclusion, DE could be used as a functional feed additive to enhance liver function of farmed fish. The best level of it should be between 0.2% and 0.4%.
Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Bass/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Tetracloreto de Carbono/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Taraxacum , Animais , Bass/genética , Bass/imunologia , Bass/fisiologia , Composição Corporal , Dieta/veterinária , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipídeos/análise , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Músculos/químicaRESUMO
Cold stress has caused great economic loss in fish culture worldwide. Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is one of the most serious lost aquatic animals in 2016 cold fronts in South China. However, the molecular mechanism of grouper's cold resistance has remained largely unknown. In the present study, HiSeq™2000 (Illumina) was used to analyze the transcriptomic profiles of the liver from grouper under control temperature (CT, 28⯰C) and low temperature (LT, 13⯰C). Two normalized liver cDNA libraries of CT and LT groups were created. We obtained 51,944,970 and 51,905,036 clean reads from CT and LT groups, respectively. Comparing the LT group to the CT group, a total of 5905 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 2093 up-regulated unigenes and 3812 down-regulated unigenes. GO annotation and functional enrichment analysis indicated that all of the DEGs were classified into three categories: biological process (23 subclasses), cellular component (18 subclasses) and molecular function (13 subclasses). KEGG analysis of the DEGs showed that 2732 DEGs were annotated to 253 signaling pathways. The most highly enriched pathways were cell adhesion molecules, Staphylococcus aureus infection, PPAR signaling pathway, Vibrio cholerae infection, primary immunodeficiency, fatty acid elongation, and we found cold stress mainly affects immunity, metabolic and signal transduction. Thirteen of the DEGs were further validated by qRT-PCR. Our results provide valuable information for further analysis of the mechanisms of groupers response under cold stress.
Assuntos
Temperatura Baixa , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Fígado/metabolismo , Perciformes/genética , Perciformes/fisiologia , Estresse Fisiológico , Adaptação Fisiológica , Animais , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga EscalaRESUMO
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, feed utilization and physiological status of obscure puffer, Takifugu obscurus (13.03⯱â¯0.14â¯g) fed diets in which fish meal (FM) was replaced with various levels of dehulled and defatted soybean meal (SBM): 0% (SBM0), 15% (SBM15), 30% (SBM30), 45% (SBM45), 60% (SBM60) and 75% (SBM75). No significant differences were observed in weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish when FM replacement level was lower than 30%, and the broken-line model of SGR showed the maximum replacement level was 40%. Fish fed the SBM-containing diets had a lower red blood cell value compared to the control. The hemoglobin and methemoglobin values showed a declining tendency as dietary SBM level increased. Plasma triacylglycerol, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels also showed a decreasing trend that was associated with the reduced crude lipid content of whole body as dietary SBM level increased. The activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in fish fed the SBM-containing diets were all higher than those fed the control diet while glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were lower than the control group. Results indicated that up to 40% FM protein, based on the broken-line analysis of SGR, can be replaced with SBM in diet for obscure puffer juveniles with supplemental lysine, methionine and taurine.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Glycine max , Takifugu/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aminoácidos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Aquicultura/métodos , Dieta/veterinária , Ingestão de Alimentos , Peixes , Glycine max/metabolismo , Takifugu/fisiologiaRESUMO
The present study is aiming at evaluating the hepatoprotective of Radix Bupleuri extracts (RBE) on the d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS) induced liver injury of hybrid grouper in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, RBE (0, 200, 400 and 800⯵g/ml) was added to the hybrid grouper primary hepatocytes before (pretreatment) the incubation of the hepatocytes with D-GalN (20â¯mM) plus LPS (1⯵g/ml) in the culture medium. RBE at concentrations of 200, 400 and 800⯵g/ml significantly improved cell viability and inhibited the elevation of TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 and significantly down-regulated the caspase-3, caspase-9 and P53 mRNA levels. In vivo administration of RBE at the doses of 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600â¯mg/kg in the diet for 8 weeks prior to D-GalN (500â¯mg/kg) and LPS (20⯵g/kg) intoxication. The study indicated that the RBE not only ameliorated liver injury, as evidenced by well-preserved liver architecture, but also significantly increased hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities in the D-GalN/LPS-induced liver injury animal model. Further demonstrating the protective effects of the RBE, we found that pretreatment with the RBE up-regulated the expression of antioxidant genes (GPx and MnSOD), while down-regulated apoptosis-related genes (caspase-3, caspase-9 and P53), immune related genes (MHC2 and TLR3) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TOR and IKKα) mRNA expression in the liver of hybrid grouper. In brief, the present study showed that RBE can protect hepatocyte injury induced by D-GalN/LPS through elevating antioxidant enzyme activity and suppressing apoptosis and immune inflammatory responses. The results support the use of RBE as a hepatoprotective in fish.
Assuntos
Bass , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/prevenção & controle , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Ranunculaceae/química , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimera , Feminino , Galactosamina , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Hepatócitos/patologia , Lipopolissacarídeos , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Raízes de Plantas/químicaRESUMO
Growth, plasma biochemical parameters, fish composition, immune parameters, intestinal histology, and expressions of immune-related genes were examined in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus â × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus â) that fed respectively six diets containing Panax notoginseng extract (PNE) at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 10 g kg-1 after 8 weeks. Results indicated that dietary PNE significantly improved growth, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and protein deposit rate, and significantly increased crude protein and crude lipid levels of whole body and crude protein level of muscle. Dietary PNE significantly increased plasma total protein, alkaline phosphatase, immunoglobulin, complement 3 and complement 4 contents, but significantly decreased cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol contents. Furthermore, dietary PNE increased villus length and muscle thickness in foregut, midgut, and hindgut, activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, and increased the expression levels of immune related genes (IL-10, TGF-ß1, TOR, MHC2 and TLR3) in the head kidney and the expression levels of antioxidant genes (CAT and GR) in fish that fed PNE at 0.5-4 g kg-1. In conclusion, grouper fed high lipid diets supplemented with PNE at 0.5-10 g kg-1 improved growth, feed utilization, blood immune parameters, hepatic antioxidant status, intestine morphology and expression levels of immune related genes in the head kidney.
Assuntos
Bass/fisiologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Imunidade Inata/genética , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Bass/anatomia & histologia , Bass/genética , Bass/imunologia , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Hibridização Genética , Intestinos/anatomia & histologia , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
For thousands of years, leaves from the Ginkgo biloba tree have been a common treatment in Chinese medicine. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) supplementation on growth performance, plasma biochemical parameters, fish composition, immune responses, liver histology, and immune and apoptosis-related genes expression of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatusâ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatusâ) fed high lipid diets. A basal diet supplemented with GBE at 0, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 and 10.00 g kg-1 was fed to hybrid grouper for 8 weeks. The study indicated that dietary GBE did not improve growth performance and feed utilization but it reduced intraperitoneal fat rate. There were no significant differences in condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, spleen index, relative gut length, food intake, protein deposit rate and survival among all groups (P > 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 0.50-4.00 g GBE kg-1 diets effectively increased plasma HDL content and decreased plasma GLU, LDL and TG content in fish. Furthermore, dietary GBE had a significant effect on moisture, crude protein and lipid in the liver, and protein in the whole body of fish (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 0.50-1.00 g GBE kg-1 diets effectively decreased occurrence rates of the hepatocyte swelling, hepatocyte vacuolization, and nuclei shifting to the cellular periphery cytoplasmic vacuolization, meanwhile hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and T-AOC) activities significantly increased whereas MDA content significantly decreased in fish fed diets supplemented with GBE (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary GBE up-regulated the expression of antioxidant genes (CAT, GPx and GR), immune-related genes (MHC2 and TLR3) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-ß1), while dietary supplementation with 0.50-4.00 g GBE kg-1 diets down-regulated apoptosis-related genes (p53, caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3) expression in the head kidney of hybrid grouper. These results indicated that hybrid grouper fed diets supplemented with GBE did not improve growth performance and feed utilization but it had hypolipidemic effects, improved hepatic antioxidant status, maintained normal liver histology and preserved liver function, increased immune-related genes expression and decreased apoptosis-related genes expression in the head kidney of hybrid grouper.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Bass/fisiologia , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Bass/genética , Bass/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bass/imunologia , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Ginkgo biloba , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
The Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) is a Critically Endangered species. Given that this species lacks effective policies for in situ conservation and prevention of poaching in the wild, ex situ conservation and a captive breeding program are urgently needed to save this species from extinction. However, techniques for the maintenance and captive breeding of pangolins have not been well developed. In June 2010, we established the Pangolin Research Base for Artificial Rescue and Conservation Breeding of South China Normal University (PRB-SCNU). To date, a total of 34 Sunda pangolin cubs have been born at PRB-SCNU, 26 of which were captive bred, indicating great progress in keeping and breeding the Sunda pangolin. The techniques for maintenance-including housing, transitioning to an artificial diet, husbandry, and captive breeding-are described in this paper. The purpose of this manuscript is to share our successful experiences and techniques in the maintenance, management, and captive breeding of Sunda pangolins, and to provide guidance and a reference for the captive care and management of Sunda pangolins and other pangolin species.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Mamíferos/fisiologia , Ração Animal , Animais , Animais de Zoológico , Feminino , Abrigo para Animais , Masculino , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/prevenção & controle , ReproduçãoRESUMO
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary dandelion extracts (DE) supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, plasma biochemical indices, immune responses, hepatic antioxidant abilities, and resistance to the pathogen Vibrio harveyi in Trachinotus ovatus. A basal diet supplemented with DE at 0, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 and 10.00 g kg-1 were fed to golden pompano for 8 weeks. The study indicated that dietary supplementation with DE could significantly improve final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER), feed intake (FI), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein deposit rate (PDR) (P < 0.05). The highest FBW, WGR, SGR, FI and PDR were observed in fish fed 1.00 g kg-1 dietary DE (P < 0.05). The highest FER and PER were recorded at 0.50 g kg-1 dietary DE (P < 0.05). Condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and survival were not significantly different among all groups. Fish fed 1.00 g kg-1 dietary DE showed significant increase in plasma total protein, complement 4 content and alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, glutathione reductase (GSR) activity, but significant decrease in triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and aspartate aminotransferase activities compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, T-AOC, CAT, GSH-Px, GSR) significantly increased whereas MDA content significantly decreased in fish fed 1.00 g kg-1 DE supplement (P < 0.05). After challenge with Vibrio harveyi, significant higher post-challenge survival was observed in fish fed DE supplement (P < 0.05). These results indicated that golden pompano fed a diet supplemented with DE (especially at 1.00 g kg-1 of fed supplement) could significantly promote its growth performance, feed utilization, body protein deposit, immune ability, hepatic and plasma antioxidative enzyme activities and improve its resistance to infection by Vibrio harveyi.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Resistência à Doença/imunologia , Doenças dos Peixes/imunologia , Perciformes , Extratos Vegetais , Taraxacum/química , Vibrioses/veterinária , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Perciformes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Perciformes/imunologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Distribuição Aleatória , Vibrio/fisiologia , Vibrioses/imunologiaRESUMO
The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus, 1758) is a critically endangered species, and documents on its captive breeding and reproductive parameters are scarce. MP8, kept in the Pangolin Research Base for Artificial Rescue and Conservation Breeding of South China Normal University (the PRB-SCNU), gave birth to a male offspring (MP86) on 19 October 2011. The baby pangolin was well developed, with a weight of 120 g and a total length of 23.2 cm. The gestation length of MP8 was estimated to be from 182 to 225d. Reproductive parameters of the Chinese pangolin are discussed based on collected data about this species. The Chinese pangolin has an obvious reproductive seasonality and its gestation length is typically six to seven months. In this observation, estrus and mating principally occurred in a one-year period from February to July. Parturition principally took place from September to February of the next year. Chinese pangolins usually give birth to one offspring at a time (n = 27). Sex ratio at birth was 0.71:1 (â:â, n = 12). Average weight for the reproducible females was 3.57 ± 1.38 kg (2.14-6.8 kg, n = 15). We estimated that Chinese pangolins could reach sexual maturity before they were one year old.