Corrigendum: The effects of preventive aerobics mix on body composition in healthy adult women.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1132619.].

Effects of weight-bearing dance aerobics on lower limb muscle morphology, strength and functional fitness in older women.

Objective: To investigate the effects of 12-week weight-bearing dance aerobics (WBDA) on muscle morphology, strength and functional fitness in older women. Methods: This controlled study recruited 37 female participants (66.31y ± 3.83) and divided them into intervention and control groups according to willingness. The intervention group received 90-min WBDA thrice a week for 12 weeks, while the control group maintained normal activities. The groups were then compared by measuring muscle thickness, fiber length and pennation angle by ultrasound, muscle strength using an isokinetic multi-joint module and functional fitness, such as 2-min step test, 30-s chair stand, chair sit-and-reach, TUG and single-legged closed-eyed standing test. The morphology, strength, and functional fitness were compared using ANCOVA or Mann-Whitney U test to study the effects of 12 weeks WBDA. Results: Among all recruited participants, 33 completed all tests. After 12 weeks, the thickness of the vastus intermedius (F = 17.85, P < 0.01) and quadriceps (F = 15.62, P < 0.01) was significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group, along with a significant increase in the torque/weight of the knee flexor muscles (F = 4.47, P = 0.04). Similarly, the intervention group revealed a significant improvement in the single-legged closed-eyed standing test (z = -2.16, P = 0.03) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The study concluded that compared to the non-exercising control group, 12-week WBDA was shown to thicken vastus intermedius, increase muscle strength, and improve physical function in older women. In addition, this study provides a reference exercise program for older women.

The analysis of aerobics intelligent fitness system for neurorobotics based on big data and machine learning.

In modern society, people's pace of life is fast, and the pressure is enormous, leading to increasingly prominent issues such as obesity and sub-health. Traditional fitness methods cannot meet people's needs to a certain extent. Therefore, this work aims to use technology to change people's lifestyles and compensate for traditional fitness methods' shortcomings. Firstly, this work overviews neurorobotics, providing neural perception and control functions for aerobics intelligent fitness system. Secondly, the connection between big data and machine learning (ML), big data technology products, and the ML process are discussed. The Spark big data platform builds node data for calculation, and the decision tree algorithm is used for data preprocessing. These are important for future intelligent fitness analysis. This work proposes an aerobics intelligent fitness system based on neurorobotics technology and big data analysis and develops a recommendation system for the best fitness exercise. This system utilizes neural perception and control functions, combined with big data and ML technology, to solve the obesity and sub-health problems faced by people in fast-paced and high-pressure lifestyles. By harnessing the computational capabilities of the Spark big data platform and applying the decision tree algorithm for data preprocessing, the system can furnish users with personalized fitness plans and optimization recommendations. This work conducts a model performance study on 35 % aerobic fitness data on intelligent fitness Android v1.0.8 to evaluate the system's data processing ability and training effectiveness. Moreover, the aerobics intelligent fitness system models based on neurorobotics, big data, and ML are evaluated. The results indicate that normalizing the data using the Min-Max method leads to a decrease in the F1 value and a reduction in data set errors. Consequently, the dataset studied by the system model is beneficial to improving the work efficiency of the aerobics intelligent fitness system. After the comprehensive human quality of the system model is evaluated, the actual average score of the comprehensive human quality of the 13 users tested before the aerobics intelligent fitness system test is 91.44, and the average prediction score is 90.88. The results of the two tests are similar. Thus, using the intelligent fitness system can enable the user to obtain system feedback according to the actual training effect, thereby playing a guiding role in the intelligent fitness of aerobics for the user. This work designs and implements the aerobics intelligent fitness system close to the human body's training effect, further enhancing the specialization and individualization of sports and fitness.

Effectiveness of a dose-graded aerobic exercise regimen on cardiopulmonary fitness and physical performance in pediatric survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a randomized clinical trial.

PURPOSE: To determine whether a 12-week supervised dose-graded aerobic exercise (D-GAE) training, when implemented in conjunction with traditional rehabilitation, could help pediatric survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) enhance their cardiopulmonary capacity and improve their physical performance. METHODS: Fifty-eight pediatric survivors of ALL (age 13.78 ± 2.47 years; boys 60.34%) were assigned at random to either undergo the D-GAE in addition to the traditional physical rehabilitation (D-GAE group; n = 29) or the traditional physical rehabilitation solely (control group; n = 29). The cardiopulmonary fitness (peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), ventilatory equivalent (VEq/VO2), minute ventilation (VE, L/min), oxygen pulse (O2P), maximum heart rate (HRmax), 1-min heart rate recovery (HRR1), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER)) and physical performance (6-min walk test (6-MWT), timed up and down stairs (TUDS), and 4 × 10-m shuttle run test (4 × 10mSRT)) were assessed on the pre- and post-intervention occasions. RESULTS: The mixed-model ANOVA revealed a meaningful increase of VO2peak (P = .002), VE (P = .026), O2P (P = .0009), HRmax (P = .004), and HRR1 (P = .011), and reduction of VEq/VO2 (P = .003) and RER (P = .003) in the D-GAE group compared with the control group. Besides, the analysis detected a favorable increase in the physical performance for the D-GAE group (6-MWT (P = .007), TUDS (P < .001), 4 × 10mSRT (P = .009)). CONCLUSION: A 12-week D-GAE program in conjunction with traditional rehabilitation holds promise in enhancing cardiopulmonary fitness and improving the physical performance of pediatric survivors of ALL. Clinicians and physical rehabilitation professionals can, therefore, integrate the D-GAE into the traditional rehabilitation protocols for such a patient population to optimize their cardiopulmonary fitness and physical function, while also facilitating a gradual transition to practice and adaption. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: The favorable outcomes of this study bolster the inclusion of D-GAE as a crucial element in the care and rehabilitation of pediatric survivors of ALL. By embracing these findings, healthcare professionals and oncologists can contribute to mitigating the long-term cardiopulmonary and physical complications associated with cancer treatments and fostering a state of enhanced well-being and increased physical activity among survivors.

Effects of different types of exercise on hypertension in middle-aged and older adults: a network meta-analysis.

Objective: This study mainly used network meta-analysis to explore the effect of different types of exercise on hypertension in middle-aged and older adults. Methods: Several databases (e.g., PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) were used to search for randomized controlled trials on the effects of different types of exercise on hypertension in middle-aged and older adults. Results: A total of 19 articles and 2,385 participants were included in the analysis. Aerobic exercise interventions [MD = -9.254, P < 0.05, 95% CI (-14.810, -3.698)] and static exercise interventions [MD = -10.465, P < 0.05, 95% CI (-18.135, -2.794)] had a significant effect on the improvement in systolic blood pressure (SBP). For diastolic blood pressure (DBP), aerobic exercise interventions [MD = -1.4096; P > 0.05, 95% CI (-8.2395, 5.4201)] and static exercise interventions [MD = -4.5206, P > 0.05, 95% CI (-14.0436, 5.0023)] were not statistically significant. The results of the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) showed that static exercise improved hypertension better than aerobic exercise. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise and static exercise have been shown to have a good effect on the improvement of hypertension, but the effect on DBP is not significant.

Role of Nutraceuticals and Physical Activity in Parkinson's Disease Risk and Lifestyle Management.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease is a complicated, gradually progressive neurological illness characterized by locomotor and non-motor symptomatology that impedes daily activities. Despite significant advances in symptomatic therapies with various extents of negative effects, there are currently no disease-modifying medicinal alternatives. Symptoms worsen, creating an additional strain that reduces living quality and creates the perception that prescription drugs are no longer productive. OBJECTIVE: Adopting healthy lifestyle habits can help patients feel more empowered, promote wellness, relieve symptoms, and potentially slow neurodegeneration. Nutrition, intellectual stimulation, physical exercise, and stress reduction are all examples of lifestyle habits that improve cognitive health and life satisfaction. We discuss how changes in lifestyle, nutrition, yoga, exercise, and acupuncture can help with managing the disease's symptoms. METHODS: We searched Google Scholar for various research papers and review articles from publishers, such as Bentham Science, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, Springer Nature, and others for gathering the data for the study. RESULTS: Pesticide exposure, environmental hazards, dietary choices, stress, and anxiety all have an indirect or immediate influence on the commencement of Parkinson's disease. Naturopathic remedies, such as nutraceuticals, yoga, exercise, and acupuncture, have been shown to help with Parkinson's disease management. CONCLUSION: Various preclinical and clinical studies have shown that the various factors mentioned are beneficial in the management of the disease, but more research is needed to validate the extent to which such factors are beneficial.

Standardized motion detection and real time heart rate monitoring of aerobics training based on convolution neural network.

In order to make the teaching and training of aerobics more standardized, it is necessary to use scientific means to detect and monitor the movement standardization in teaching and training and the change of human heart rate in the training process, but at present, there are some difficulties in both detection and monitoring, Therefore, this paper proposes to use the advantages of convolutional neural network to solve the current aerobics teaching problems of motion detection and heart rate monitoring. In the process of operation, the complete aerobics video needs to be divided into several different images, the standardized action image background needs to be eliminated, and then the visual error caused by the difficult action image needs to be corrected. On the premise of image processing, the convolutional neural network is used to pre train the image, and the skeleton map of the human body is constructed in the computer. In the process of practical operation, the use of convolutional neural network for heart rate monitoring has many advantages. It can not only save the time of contact with the human body, but also integrate various information of the time dimension, reducing a lot of computing steps, saving a lot of computing resources for practical work, and promoting the improvement of system output signal quality to a certain extent. The result of the experiment also proves that the convolutional neural network can improve the accuracy of students' movement detection and heart rate change monitoring in aerobics teaching and training.

Gut microbiota and inflammation patterns for specialized athletes: a multi-cohort study across different types of sports.

Regular high-intensity exercise can cause changes in athletes' gut microbiota, and the extent and nature of these changes may be affected by the athletes' exercise patterns. However, it is still unclear to what extent different types of athletes have distinct gut microbiome profiles and whether we can effectively monitor an athlete's inflammatory risk based on their microbiota. To address these questions, we conducted a multi-cohort study of 543 fecal samples from athletes in three different sports: aerobics (n = 316), wrestling (n = 53), and rowing (n = 174). We sought to investigate how athletes' gut microbiota was specialized for different types of sports, and its associations with inflammation, diet, anthropometrics, and anaerobic measurements. We established a microbiota catalog of multi-cohort athletes and found that athletes have specialized gut microbiota specific to the type of sport they engaged in. Using latent Dirichlet allocation, we identified 10 microbial subgroups of athletes' gut microbiota, each of which had specific correlations with inflammation, diet, and anaerobic performance in different types of athletes. Notably, most inflammation indicators were associated with Prevotella-driven subgroup 7. Finally, we found that the effects of sport types and exercise intensity on the gut microbiota were sex-dependent. These findings shed light on the complex associations between physical factors, gut microbiota, and inflammation in athletes of different sports types and could have significant implications for monitoring potential inflammation risk and developing personalized exercise programs. IMPORTANCE This study is the first multi-cohort investigation of athletes across a range of sports, including aerobics, wrestling, and rowing, with the goal of establishing a multi-sport microbiota catalog. Our findings highlight that athletes' gut microbiota is sport-specific, indicating that exercise patterns may play a significant role in shaping the microbiome. Additionally, we observed distinct associations between gut microbiota and markers of inflammation, diet, and anaerobic performance in athletes of different sports. Moreover, we expanded our analysis to include a non-athlete cohort and found that exercise intensity had varying effects on the gut microbiota of participants, depending on sex.

A descriptive study to assess knowledge related to hypertension and its impact upon exercises and sleep pattern among adults from communities of Uttarakhand.

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension nowadays is a major community health problem. It is high prevalence, which becomes an important area of research which is also a major possibility for circulatory diseases and other complications. It is a silent killer, which does not show any warning sign until a severe medicinal crisis occurs. The study aims to assess the knowledge regarding hypertension and its effect on the amount of exercise and sleep among adults at risk of hypertension from both rural and urban communities of Uttarakhand. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A descriptive cross-sectional research design with the total sample size was calculated as 542 adults at risk of hypertension. A purposive sampling method was used for sample selection in this study. A semi-structured questionnaire regarding knowledge related to hypertension and amount of exercise and sleep patterns was administered as tools for data collection. Analysis was done by using SPSS 23.0 version software, descriptive statistics with the use of frequency %, inferential statistics with Chi-square test, and P value ≤ 0.05 considered as significant. RESULTS: Majority (58%) of them were male, living with a nuclear family with very poor educational status. It showed that whenever they have free time, only then they were performing simple work without having any experience with regular exercise and yoga. Less than half of them (45%) were having good knowledge about increased blood pressure is a disease, medical management, and how to prevent it. Knowledge regarding hypertension showed significant association with less amount of exercise (use of a motored vehicle to going to job/work) (p value = 0.0001*) and satisfactory pattern of sleep among adults at risk of hypertension (p value = 0.001*). CONCLUSION: In this study, a lack of education and very poor knowledge regarding the management of hypertension found to be associated with less amount of exercise but satisfactory sleep among adults at risk of hypertension.

The effects of preventive aerobics mix on body composition in healthy adult women.

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of a 12-week program of aerobics mix on the parameters of body composition in healthy adult women. The research has been performed in a sample of 64 women participants, and it is divided into two groups, an experimental group (E), made of 34 women participants (age 32 ± 1.8 years), and a control one (C), made of 30 women participants (age 33 ± 0.5 years). Their anthropometric and body composition were evaluated using the following respective parameters: body height, body weight, body fat percentage, muscle mass percentage, skinfold-back (KNL), skinfold-upper arm (KNN), skinfold-stomach (KNT), and skinfold-thigh (KNNK). After mix aerobics realization, among the women of the E group, there is a reduction of body mass by -2.5% and waist size by -3.39%, while muscle mass increased by 2.26%. With all skinfolds within the participants of the E group, there is a statistically important gained reduction of p < 0.05 at the final measuring, compared with the initial one (upper arm -21.10%, stomach -14.36%, back -20.58%, and upper leg -13.98%). The reduction of body mass percentage was -10.59%, and that of body mass index was -2.5%. Based on the gained results, it can be concluded that the mix program was efficient in the reduction of the subcutaneous fat tissue and visceral fat and also influential on the increase of muscle mass.

Effects of aerobics training on anxiety, depression and sleep quality in perimenopausal women.

Objective: To investigate the effect of aerobics training on anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance in perimenopausal women. Materials and methods: A total of 289 perimenopausal women with anxiety, depression or sleep disorder in Lishi district of Luliang city were treated with aerobics training. Self-rating anxiety scale, self-rating depression scale and Pittsburgh sleep scale were used to investigate the anxiety, depression and sleep status of perimenopausal women before and after intervention. Results: After aerobics training, the scores of self-rating anxiety scale, self-rating depression scale and Pittsburgh sleep questionnaire were 48.26 ± 6.47, 50.27 ± 6.54 and 10.64 ± 4.38, respectively. The levels of anxiety, depression and sleep disorder in 289 subjects were significantly lower than those before intervention (t = 3.865, 4.541, 5.596, P < 0.01). The remission rate of symptoms was significantly different in subjects with different frequency of spontaneous practice (P < 0.01), and the higher the number of spontaneous practice, the higher the remission rate of anxiety, depression and sleep disorders in subjects (P < 0.01). Conclusion: aerobics training can effectively improve the anxiety and depression of perimenopausal women, improve sleep quality, the more frequency of practice, the more obvious the effect. It can be used as an intervention to improve the mental health level of perimenopausal women in terms of anxiety, depression and sleep quality in clinical promotion.

[Effects of different types of exercise on contractile properties and expressions of MuRF1, PGC-1α /FNDC5 in soleus muscle of unloaded rats].

Objective: To investigate the effects of aerobic versus resistance exercise on soleus muscle contractile properties and the expressions of MuRF1, PGC-1α and FNDC5 in amyotrophic rats after unloading, and the possible molecular biological mechanisms. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into recovery group (CT), aerobic exercise group (A), resistance exercise group (R) and control group (C), with 6 rats in each group. The control group did not receive any treatment. The other three groups underwent tail suspension for 2 weeks, and then the recovery group recovered quietly. The aerobic group and the resistance group underwent a 2-week exercise intervention. Exercise plan: the aerobic group rats were treated with treadmill speed corresponding to 65% maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), 60 min/d, 5 d/w; the rats in the resistance group were allowed to climb the ladder with 65% of the maximum voluntary weight-bearing (MVCC) for 3 times, with a total of 5 sets. Each time had a rest of 1 min, with an interval of 2 min among sets, and 5 d/w. Fasting for 24 hours after the last exercise, the soleus muscle samples were collected to observe the histological changes, test the contractility, and detect MuRF1 and PGC-1α and FNDC5 expressions. Results: compared with the control group, the body weight, soleus muscle wet weight, average cross-sectional area of muscle fibers and muscle contractility of the recovery group were decreased significantly(P<0.01), and the expression of MuRF1 was increased significantly(P<0.01). Compared with the recovery group, the body weight, wet weight of soleus muscle, the average cross-sectional area of muscle fiber and muscle contractility of rats in aerobic group and resistance group were increased (P<0.01), the expression of PGC-1α/FNDC5 was increased (P<0.01) and the expression of MuRF1 was decreased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the aerobic group, the expression of PGC-1α in soleus muscle of rats in the resistance group was increased (P<0.05), while the expression of MuRF1 was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic and resistance exercise can significantly improve muscle contractility, upregulate the expression of PGC-1α/FNDC5, and inhibit the expression of MuRF1, indicating that the molecular mechanisms of aerobic and resistance exercise to improve unloaded muscular atrophy may be related to PGC-1α and MuRF1.

Causal mediation analysis between resistance exercise and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease based on the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.

Health benefits of resistance exercise (RE), particularly in lowering cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks, are less understood in comparison to aerobic exercise (AE). Motivated by big data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS), we study the direct and indirect effects of RE on CVD risks. The primary outcome in our study, total CVD events (CVD morbidity and mortality combined), is modeled as a survival outcome. To investigate the pathway from RE to CVD outcome through potential mediators, we first conduct causal mediation analysis based on marginal structural models (MSMs). To fully account the information from repeated measurements of the mediators, we also adopt a joint model of the CVD survival outcome and multiple longitudinal trajectories of the mediators. Results show statistically significant direct effects of RE and AE on lowering the risk of total CVD events under each pathway. The causal effect of RE and AE on CVD risk is also studied across different age and gender groups. Furthermore, we produce a ranking for the relative importance of the potential risk factors for CVD, with total cholesterol ranking the highest.

Metabolomics reveals that fittest trail runners show a better adaptation of bioenergetic pathways.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effect in the blood metabolome of trail running, a demanding sport that takes place in the natural environment, places considerable strain on both muscles and joints. While metabolic responses to aerobic exercise have been analyzed in-depth, few studies have focused on trail running. DESIGN: Observational study to analyze changes in 35 different metabolites - representative of aerobic exercise-induced by a simulated 21-km trail race with an uphill gradient of 1400 m. METHODS: We performed a semiquantitative metabolomics study consisting of capillary blood microsampling and targeted screening with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to analyze, in 33 licensed athletes, changes concerning 35 metabolites. RESULTS: We observed significant changes in many metabolites, including increased acetyl-carnitine and taurine concentrations (false discovery rate-corrected paired t-test P value 1.63 × 10-13, and P value 5.021 × 10-12, respectively) and decreased carnitine and proline concentrations (P value 6.33 × 10-10, and P value 1.21 × 10-9, respectively). Metabolic responses to trail running were largely independent of sex but were influenced by the level of training, with runners with a higher level showing resistance to exercise-induced changes in taurine, 1-methyl histidine, acetyl-carnitine, and hypoxanthine concentrations. Performance (measured as race time) was inversely correlated with changes in specific metabolites (including taurine, serotonin, and hypoxanthine) and directly correlated with increases in glutathione. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of metabolomics studies for analyzing exercise-induced physiological changes and show individual differences associated with the level of training and performance.

Outcome of Chair Aerobics & Pranayama on Anxiety and Exercise Tolerance in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients: Study Protocol of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVES: The current Indian scenario follows the western cardiac rehabilitation protocol; hence the primary aim of the study is to develop a cardiac rehabilitation phase 1 protocol for the Indian scenario. The protocol will be used in the study as standard rehabilitation protocol for the intervention groups. The literature suggests the use of Pranayama and chair aerobics to improve the anxiety in CABG patients. This study also aims to provide the answer for the effect of Pranayama and chair aerobics on anxiety and exercise tolerance in CABG patients. And also try to find out which among the two intervention is superior among one another. METHODS: The cardiac rehabilitation protocol will be validated by experts in the field and applied in the patients and the results will be analysed. Then the protocol will be used as the standard rehabilitation protocol in both the groups. 100 patients will be randomised and allocated into 2 groups. Group 1 will receive Nadi Sodhana Chair aerobics for 15 minutes along with phase I cardiac rehabilitation. The group 2 will receive Chair aerobics for 15 minutes along with phase I cardiac rehabilitation. The outcome measures will be taken before the surgery and on the post-operative day 7. The primary outcome measures are Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and Heart rate and the secondary outcome measure is 6-minute walk test. The intention to treat analysis will be done after the data collection. RESULTS: The data will be analysed using unpaired t test, p value <0.05 will be considered significant. CONCLUSION: The result will give a new insight into the field of cardiac surgery, where the effect of pranayama and chair aerobics on anxiety and functional outcome will be proved. CTRI REGISTRATION: This trial is prospectively registered in CTRI, the registration number of the trial is CTRI/2021/09/037008. HIGHLIGHTS: What is already known about this subject? The effect of Pranayama and chair aerobics on various components like pain, peak expiratory flow after CABG is proven in different studies. The phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation is practiced and adopted from western protocol.What does this study add? The study will give a new insight into the field of cardiac rehabilitation. Definite phase I cardiac rehabilitation protocol for Indian population is not exist in the literature. The Indian set up is using the western protocol, which is not suitable for the Indian population hence could not achieve the expected outcome on discharge. We believe that this study will provide a definite phase I cardiac rehabilitation protocol for the Indian population. This can be followed in the community. Also, this study aims to explore the unexplored area of anxiety after CABG. Where the effect of the Pranayama and chair aerobics will be identified. And also give idea about which treatment technique is superior, and feasible for the patients.How might this impact on clinical practice? The study will provide a new phase I cardiac rehabilitation protocol for the Indian population. The protocol can be practiced in the Indian scenario. This will help to improve the exercise tolerance of the patients after the surgery. The study will recommend the feasible and effective technique for relieving the anxiety and improving the exercise tolerance in CABG patients. This can be implemented as a best practice in reducing anxiety after CABG.

[The increasing of the somatic health in students using differently directed fitness].

The purpose of study is to scientifically substantiate the methodology of applying differently directed fitness tools to increase the level of somatic health, physical and mental workability of students. The experimental sampling consisted of 186 students (106 girls, 80 boys) of the Belgorod State National Research Institute and the Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law. Two groups of respondents were organized: control group (n=85; 47 girls, 38 boys) that included students involved into officially approved education program of the Chair of Physical Culture and experiment group (n=101; 59 girls, 42 boys) that included students involved into experimental program. It is established that Pilates stabilizes and topes up muscles of entire body, improves coordination abilities of students involved, improves body-build constitution, promotes reducing of back pain, improves cardio-respiratory system functioning and is the most called-for fitness direction for reducing psycho-emotional tension. The step aerobics positively effects on the cardio-respiratory system, the entire musculoskeletal system and physical workability. The level of somatic health in experiment group after the experiment improved from "below average" to "average". In control group both before and after the experiment, the level of somatic health corresponded to "below average". After the experiment, the physical performance indices in experiment group improved and remained at the same level in control group. In the experiment group all analyzed indices of mental workability increased and acquired measured character.

Differential Age-Related Declines in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Between People With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent to which the established age-related decline in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is augmented in adult men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: This study used data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, conducted between September 18, 1974, and August 3, 2006, in primarily non-Hispanic white, middle-to-upper class adults. The analyses were restricted to adult men with complete data on age, CRF, and T2DM (35,307 participants). Quantile regression models were used to estimate age-related differences in CRF, estimated using a maximal treadmill test, between persons with and without T2DM. Smoking status and birth cohort served as covariates. RESULTS: Age-related declines in CRF were observed in men with and without T2DM. For men younger than 60 years, at low-mid percentiles of the CRF distribution the magnitude of the age-related decline in CRF was significantly higher (P-values=.00, .02) in men with T2DM than in those without T2DM. At upper percentiles, the decline with age between the 2 groups was virtually identical. Significant declines in CRF in men 45 years or younger were observed only at high levels of CRF for those without T2DM and at low levels of CRF for those with T2DM (P-values .00, .04). CONCLUSION: This study reported that men younger than 60 years with T2DM at the low-mid CRF percentiles experience an accelerated age-related decline in CRF. Men younger than 60 years with T2DM exhibiting high levels of CRF experienced a decline in CRF comparable to men without T2DM. This study highlights the importance of incorporating sufficient levels of exercise or activity to maintain high CRF in men with T2DM.

Effects of structured exercise regime on Glycosylated Hemoglobin and C reactive protein in patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus - A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of structured exercise regime on Glycosylated hemoglobin and C reactive protein in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This two arm parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted at Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi from November 2018 till December 2019 on the 54 diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus patients (Dropped out=4 Analyzed= 50) with age 20 to 40 years and gestational age from 20 to 36 weeks. Selection was done via convenient sampling technique and randomized into two groups (n=25) by sealed envelope method. Structured exercise regime group received combination of moderate intensity aerobics, stabilization and pelvic floor muscles exercises twice a week for 5 weeks (40 min per session) along with dietary and medical interventions while control group received only medical and dietary interventions with postural education. Demographics, glycosylated hemoglobin and C reactive protein were recorded at baseline then after 5 weeks of intervention. Analysis was done by SPSS 20. RESULTS: Mean age was 35.92 ± 5.24 years in control group while 34.36 ± 5.21 years in interventional group. Between group analysis for HbA1c showed no significant difference at base line (p >0.05) but showed significant difference (p <0.05) after five weeks' interventions. Similarly, for C reactive protein both groups showed no significant difference (p >0.05) at baseline but after five weeks of interventions showed significant difference (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Structured exercise regime helps in reducing values of glycosylated hemoglobin and C reactive protein in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Relationship between Oxygen Uptake, Heart Rate, and Perceived Effort in an Aquatic Incremental Test in Older Women.

Different parameters can be used to control the intensity of aerobic exercises, a choice that should consider the population and exercise environment targeted. Therefore, our study aimed to verify the relationship between oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and cadence during an aquatic incremental test in older women. Nine older women (64.3 ± 4.4 years) engaged in a water-based aerobic training performed an aquatic incremental test using the stationary running exercise (cadence increases of 15 b·min-1 every 2 min) until participants' volitional exhaustion. VO2, HR, and RPE data were measured, and the percentage of peak VO2 (%VO2peak) and percentage of maximal HR (%HRmax) were calculated. Linear and polynomial regression analyses were performed (α = 0.05). Polynomial regressions revealed the best adjustments for all analyses. Data showed a significant relationship (p < 0.001) between %VO2peak and %HRmax (r = 0.921), %VO2peak and RPE (r = 0.870), and %HRmax and RPE (r = 0.878). Likewise, significant relationships between cadence (p < 0.001) and %VO2peak (r = 0.873), %HRmax (r = 0.874), and RPE (r = 0.910) were also observed. In summary, the physiological, subjective, and mechanical variables investigated were highly associated during an aquatic incremental test to exhaustion in older women. Therefore, these different parameters can be employed to adequately prescribe water-based programs according to preference and availability.

[The increase level of somatic health in students by multi directional means of fitness].

The purpose of the study is to substantiate methodology of using multidirectional fitness tools to improve level of somatic health, and as a result, physical and mental efficiency of students. The study sampling included 186 students (106 girls, 80 boys). Two groups were formed: control group (n=85: 47 girls, 38 boys) and experimental group (n=101: 59 girls, 42 boys) in the content of educational program were included experimental method. The study demonstrated that Pilates stabilizes and topes up muscles of entire body, improves coordination abilities, improves physique, favors reducing back pain, improves cardio-respiratory system and reduces psycho-emotional tension. The step aerobics positively effect on cardio-respiratory system and entire musculoskeletal system, as well as has a on physical performance. The somatic health of students in experimental group after experiment improved from "below average" to "average". In control group, before and after the experiment, level of somatic health made to "below average". After experiment, physical performance indicators in experimental group improved. The indices of students of control group remained at the same level. In experimental group, all indices of mental performance increased and began to have regular character.