Examining the relationship between parents' self-reported mindfulness and observed language use in attachment-relevant communication.

Parents' language use is an important context for early socialization. We examined the relationship between parents' self-reported mindfulness and observed language use in two forms of attachment-relevant communication. Sixty-three parents of 6-18-month-old infants from Australia (n = 32) and New Zealand (n = 31) completed the five facets of mindfulness-short form (FFMQ-SF) questionnaire, the adult attachment interview (AAI), and a 10-min play session with their infant. We examined parents' frequency of word usage within the categories of the linguistic inquiry word count (LIWC) text analysis program to explore the relationship between mindfulness and language use. Mindfulness was associated with cognitive, affective, perceptual, and time orientation language use in the AAI. However, fewer associations were identified between mindfulness and language use in the parent-infant play session. Results are discussed in terms of their relevance to mindfulness and attachment.

El uso del lenguaje por parte de los padres es un contexto importante para la temprana socialización. Examinamos la relación entre la auto reportada atención consciente de los padres y el observado uso del lenguaje en dos formas de comunicación relevantes a la unión afectiva. Sesenta y tres progenitores de infantes entre 6 y 18 meses de edad de Australia (n = 32) y Nueva Zelanda (n = 31) completaron el cuestionario de Cinco Facetas de la Atención Consciente en su formato corto (FFMQ­SF), la Entrevista de la Afectividad Adulta (AAI), así como una sesión de juego de diez minutos con sus infantes. Examinamos la frecuencia del uso de palabras por parte de los padres dentro de las categorías del programa de análisis de texto Investigación Lingüística del Conteo de Palabras (LIWC) para explorar la relación entre la atención consciente y el uso del lenguaje. Se asoció la atención consciente con el uso del lenguaje cognitivo, afectivo, perceptivo y con orientación del tiempo de la AAI. Sin embargo, menos asociaciones se identificaron entre la atención consciente y el uso del lenguaje en la sesión de juego entre progenitor e infante. Los resultados se discuten en términos de su relevancia para la atención consciente y la afectividad.

Estudo qualitativo sobre as políticas de saúde mental no município de Santo André (SP) / Qualitative study on mental health policies in Santo André city / Estudio cualitativo sobre las políticas de salud mental en la ciudad de Santo André, São Paulo

Esta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, procura compreender os movimentos de avanços e recuos pelos quais as políticas de saúde mental de Santo André (SP) passaram recentemente, época na qual a visão da Reforma Psiquiátrica e da sua contrarreforma se conflitaram. Seguindo essa proposta, após revisão de literatura na qual se reflete sobre as disputas em torno do conceito de saúde mental, a trajetória histórica dessas políticas no Brasil e no município, foram realizadas três entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais da área que atuam na região: a tomadora de decisão, um gerente de equipamento e um trabalhador de ponta. Tais entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e divididas em eixos de análise, dos quais extraiu-se que, de forma geral, tanto do ponto de vista federal quanto estadual, houve ataques à Reforma Psiquiátrica e às políticas dela oriundas, seja pela falta de financiamento, seja pela promoção de outras perspectivas de mundo a respeito do significado do adoecimento mental e sua forma de tratamento e que acabou por afetar o andamento dos serviços a nível local, cujo sucateamento só não foi maior pelo apoio do Executivo do município, dos trabalhadores e do próprio histórico de construção dos serviços.

This qualitative research seeks to understand the advance and setback dynamics that public mental health policies in Santo André city, São Paulo, have recently undergone, a time in which Psychiatric Reform and its counter-reform conflicted. After a literature review on the disputes surrounding the concept of mental health, the historical trajectory of these policies in Brazil and in the municipality, we conducted three semi-structured interviews with professionals in the field: a policy decision-maker, an equipment manager and a frontline worker. These interviews were recorded, transcribed in full and divided into axes of analysis. Results showed that both from a federal and state government point of view, there were attacks on the Psychiatric Reform and its policies whether due to lack of funding or promotion of other worldviews regarding the meaning of mental illness and its treatment which affected the progress of services at the local level, the scrapping of which was only mitigated by the support of the municipality's Executive, workers and the service's construction history.

Esta investigación cualitativa buscó comprender los movimientos de avances y retrocesos que las políticas públicas de salud mental han experimentado recientemente en Santo André (São Paulo, Brasil), un momento en el que la visión de la reforma psiquiátrica y su contrarreforma entraron en conflicto. En esta propuesta, luego de una revisión de la literatura que reflexiona sobre las disputas en torno al concepto de salud mental, la trayectoria histórica de esas políticas en Brasil y en el municipio, se realizaron tres entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesionales del área que actúan en el región: el tomador de decisiones, un administrador de equipos y un trabajador de primera línea. Estas entrevistas fueron grabadas para su posterior transcripción y división en ejes de análisis; de los cuales se concluyó que, en general, tanto desde el punto de vista federal como estatal hubo ataques a la reforma psiquiátrica y las políticas que de ella se derivan, ya sea por falta de financiación o por la promoción de otras miradas sobre el significado de la enfermedad mental y su forma de tratamiento, lo que terminó afectando la marcha de los servicios a nivel local, cuyo desguace solo se vio agravado por el apoyo del Ejecutivo del municipio, de los trabajadores y del propio historial de construcción del servicio.

Perception of patients with retinal pathology on aspects of visual function and their management.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are highly prevalent. OBJECTIVE: To explore perceptions of patients with AMD or DR about the impact of the disease and treatment on their daily living activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semi-structured interviews with a questionnaire developed from validated patient reported outcomes questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of 19 questions about the disease and 9 about the treatment. The questions (items) were answered on a scale from 1 to 9. In addition, the patient interviewed was invited to make free comments on each question. Nine patients with AMD and 9 with DR were interviewed by videoconference or telephone call. A quantitative analysis of the responses and a qualitative analysis of the comments were carried out. RESULTS: The most relevant item for patients with AMD or DR is "Recognize people when they are nearby", and "Read text in normal size font in a newspaper or book", followed, in patients with AMD, by "Do things what you would like" and, in patients with DR, "Feeling frustrated by the vision problems." Regarding the treatment, the most relevant aspects for both groups is that the treatment works and receiving appropriate information before and after the treatment. The qualitative comments were focused to the disease, the treatment, and to the role of doctors and the health system. CONCLUSION: Quantitative responses and free comments can be useful to improve the care of patients with AMD or DR by physicians and the health system.

The Effect of Motivational Interviewing on Oral Hygiene Behavior in Patients With Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Randomised Clinical Trial

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on improving oral hygiene behavior in patients with fixed orthodontics appliances. A parallel-group randomized clinical trial was conducted with 45 patients of the Orthodontic Clinic of Unibe's Postgraduate Unit. A computer-generated list of numbers created with SPSS V21.0 was used to randomly allocate participants into the experimental or the control group. Monthly oral hygiene instructions and an oral hygiene kit from GUM® with special orthodontic hygiene tools were given to the participants. Furthermore, the experimental group underwent motivational interviewing sessions facilitated by a periodontist who received training from two expert psychologists. These psychologists also provided supervision to the interviewer, ensuring the accurate implementation of the intervention. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI), Gingival Index (GI), Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD) and Bleeding on Probing (BoP) were recorded at baseline, three and six months after the beginning of the study. The participant and the evaluator (another periodontist who recorded the data) were masked. Repeated-measures mixed- model analysis of variance and chi-squared test were conducted. Mean SOHI, GI, PPD and BoP scores did not differ significantly across the three time points (baseline, three and six months). Nevertheless, a significant interaction on SOHI scores (F (2, 58) = 3.463, p = .038, h2 = .052) was found between the sessions and the treatment conditions (experimental vs control group) at the third and sixth month. Motivational interviewing plus oral hygiene instructions appears to maintain a better control of dental biofilm and calculus in comparison with conventional oral hygiene instructions alone.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la efectividad de las entrevistas motivacionales para mejorar el comportamiento de higiene oral en pacientes con aparatos ortodóncicos fijos. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo clínico aleatorizado de grupos paralelos con 45 pacientes de la Clínica de Ortodoncia de la Unidad de Posgrado de Unibe. Se utilizó una lista de números generada por computadora con SPSS V21.0 para asignar aleatoriamente a los participantes al grupo experimental o de control. Se les proporcionó a los participantes instrucciones mensuales de higiene oral y un kit de higiene oral de GUM® con utensilios de higiene especiales para ortodoncia. Además, el grupo experimental recibió sesiones de entrevista motivacional facilitadas por un periodoncista capacitado por dos psicólogas expertas. Estas psicólogas también supervisaron al entrevistador, asegurando la implementación precisa de la intervención. Se registró el Índice Simplificado de Higiene Oral (IHO-S), el Índice Gingival (IG), la Profundidad de Sondaje Periodontal (PS) y el Sangrado al Sondaje (SS) al inicio, a los tres y seis meses después del inicio del estudio. Tanto el participante como el evaluador (otro periodoncista que registró los datos) estaban enmascarados. Se realizaron análisis de varianza de medidas repetidas con modelo mixto y pruebas de chi-cuadrado. Las puntuaciones medias del IHO-S, IG, PS y SS no difirieron significativamente en los tres momentos (inicio, tres y seis meses). Sin embargo, se encontró una interacción significativa en las puntuaciones del IHO-S (F (2, 58) = 3.463, p = .038, h2 = .052) entre las sesiones y las condiciones de tratamiento (grupo experimental vs grupo de control) en el tercer y sexto mes. Las entrevistas motivacionales junto con las instrucciones de higiene oral parecen mantener un mejor control de la biopelícula dental y el cálculo en comparación con las instrucciones convencionales de higiene oral por sí solas.

Assessing complex PTSD and PTSD: validation of the German version of the International Trauma Interview (ITI).

Background: With the introduction of the ICD-11 into clinical practice, the reliable distinction between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) becomes paramount. The semi-structured clinician-administered International Trauma Interview (ITI) aims to close this gap in clinical and research settings.Objective: This study investigated the psychometric properties of the German version of the ITI among trauma-exposed clinical samples from Switzerland and Germany.Method: Participants were 143 civilian and 100 military participants, aged M = 40.3 years, of whom 53.5% were male. Indicators of reliability and validity (latent structure, internal reliability, inter-rater agreement, convergent and discriminant validity) were evaluated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and partial correlation analysis were conducted separately for civilian and military participants.Results: Prevalence of PTSD was 30% (civilian) and 33% (military) and prevalence of CPTSD was 53% (civilians) and 21% (military). Satisfactory internal consistency and inter-rater agreement were found. In the military sample, a parsimonious first-order six-factor model was preferred over a second-order two-factor CFA model of ITI PTSD and Disturbances in Self-Organization (DSO). Model fit was excellent among military participants but no solution was supported among civilian participants. Overall, convergent validity was supported by positive correlations of ITI PTSD and DSO with DSM-5 PTSD. Discriminant validity for PTSD symptoms was confirmed among civilians but low in the military sample.Conclusions: The German ITI has shown potential as a clinician-administered diagnostic tool for assessing ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD in primary care. However, further exploration of its latent structure and discriminant validity are indicated.

This study validated the German International Trauma Interview (ITI), a semi-structured clinician-administered diagnostic interview for ICD-11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Internal reliability, inter-rater agreement, latent structure, and convergent validity were explored in trauma-exposed clinical and military samples from five different in- and outpatient centres in Germany and German-speaking Switzerland.The findings supported the German ITI's reliability, inter-rater agreement, convergent validity and usefulness from a patient perspective. Future research should explore its factor structure and discriminant validity, for which differences between the samples were found.

Parental Reflective Functioning on the Parent Development Interview: A narrative review of measurement, association, and future directions.

A caregiver's capacity to mentalize is thought to be one of the most important features of secure parent-child relationships. Parental mentalizing can be measured using the Reflective Functioning (RF) coding system applied to the Parent Development Interview (PDI). In this narrative review, we summarize the research using this measure and synthesize what has been learnt about the predictors, correlates and sequelae of parental RF. Studies have consistently shown that PRF on the PDI is associated with both parent and child attachment and is an important factor in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. It is also related to the quality of parental representations, parent-child interactions, and child outcomes. While a number of social and clinical risk factors are associated with lower PRF, it is difficult to disentangle the unique contribution of each of these. We discuss these findings and present the direction of future work that is planned to expand and refine the PRF scale for the PDI.

Se piensa que la capacidad que tiene una persona que presta el cuidado para mentalizarse es una de las más importantes características de una segura relación entre progenitor y niño. La mentalización del progenitor se puede medir usando el sistema de codificación del Funcionamiento con Reflexión (RF) aplicado a la Entrevista de Desarrollo al Progenitor (PDI; Slade et al., 2004a; 2004b). En esta revisión narrativa, resumimos la investigación usando esta medida y sintetizamos lo que se ha aprendido acerca de los factores de predicción, las correlaciones y secuelas del RF del progenitor. Los estudios han mostrado consistentemente que el RF del progenitor (PRF) en la PDI se asocia tanto con la afectividad del progenitor como con la del niño y es un factor importante en la transmisión intergeneracional de la afectividad. También está relacionado con la calidad de las representaciones del progenitor, las interacciones progenitor­niño y los resultados en el niño. Mientras que un número de factores de riesgo sociales y clínicos se asocia con un PRF más bajo, es difícil desentrañar las contribuciones únicas de cada uno de estos aspectos. Discutimos estos resultados y presentamos la dirección del trabajo futuro que se planea para expandir y refinar la escala del PRF para la PDI.

Effectiveness of a training program for the management of risky alcohol use in primary care professionals based on motivational interviewing.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a training program for Primary Care (PC) professionals developed to increase knowledge, attitudes, and skills for managing patients with risky alcohol use and in the motivational interview. DESIGN: Multicenter, two-arm parallel, randomized, open-label controlled clinical trial. SETTING: PC of the Andalusian Health Service. PARTICIPANTS: The study was completed by 80 healthcare professionals from 31 PC centers. INTERVENTIONS: In both experimental and control groups, a workshop on managing patients with risky alcohol consumption and the resolution of two videotaped clinical cases with standardized patients were conducted. The experimental group attended a workshop on motivational interviewing. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Knowledge about managing risky alcohol use, clinical performance in patients with this health problem, and assessment of the motivational interview. RESULTS: Mean age was 39.50±13.06 - SD - (95% CI: 36.59-42.41); 71.3% (95% CI: 61.1-80.9%) were women. The average score of both groups in the knowledge questionnaire before the training program was 15.10±4.66, becoming 21.99±3.93 points after the training (95% CI: 5.70-7.92; p<0.001). The experimental group showed an average score of 18.53±13.23 before the intervention with the motivational interview and 28.33±11.86 after this intervention (p=0.002). In contrast, no significant variation was found in the score of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A training program aimed at PC professionals designed to increase knowledge on how to manage risky alcohol use and acquire communication skills in motivational interviewing is effective.

Preleções epistemológicas: uma interlocução com Mauro Betti / Epistemological lectures: a dialogue with Mauro Betti / Conferencias epistemológicas: un diálogo con Mauro Betti

O presente texto apresenta uma entrevista com o professor Dr. Mauro Betti, cujo objetivo foi compreender como ele avalia o cenário epistêmico do campo da Educação Física brasileira. Logo, encontra-se na entrevista um itinerário do pensamento epistemológico de Mauro Betti, que abarca: 1) síntese do desenvolvimento epistemológico do campo; 2) avaliação dos embates dicotômicos entre os grupos dos giros linguísticos e dos grupos do resgate da ontologia realista; 3) análise da disposição atual da atividade epistemológica da área; 4) ponto de vista sobre a pluralidade; 5) relação dos autores clássicos da filosofia da ciência do século XX com a Educação Física brasileira.

This text presents an interview with Professor Dr. Mauro Betti, aiming to comprehend his assessment of the epistemic scenario in the field of Brazilian Physical Education. Therefore, the interview outlines Mauro Betti's epistemological thinking, covering: 1) synthesis of the epistemological development of the field; 2) evaluation of the dichotomous struggles between linguistic turn groups and groups focused on the rescue of realistic ontology; 3) analysis of the current disposition of epistemological activity in the area; 4) perspective on plurality; 5) the relationship of classical authors in 20th-century philosophy of science with Brazilian Physical Education.

Este texto presenta una entrevista con el Profesor Dr. Mauro Betti, con el objetivo de comprender cómo evalúa el escenario epistémico en el campo de la Educación Física en Brasil. Por lo tanto, la entrevista proporciona un itinerario del pensamiento epistemológico de Mauro Betti que abarca: 1) síntesis sobre el desarrollo epistemológico del campo; 2) evaluación sobre los enfrentamientos dicotómicos entre los grupos del giro lingüístico y los grupos del rescate de la ontología realista; 3) análisis sobre la disposición actual de la actividad epistemológica en el área; 4) punto de vista sobre la pluralidad; 5) la relación de los autores clásicos de la filosofía de la ciencia del siglo XX con la Educación Física brasileña.

Efectividad del uso de la entrevista motivacional en la consulta de nutrición sobre el riesgo cardiometabólico de pacientes con trastorno bipolar / Effectiveness of the motivational interviewing on cardiometabolic indicators of patients with bipolar disorder

Resumen El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar la efectividad de la entrevista motivacional en la consulta de nutrición sobre indicadores de riesgo cardiometabólico en pacientes con trastorno bipolar. Se realizó un estudio experimental en que el grupo control recibió orientación nutricional basada en planes de alimentación y el grupo de intervención recibió consulta nutricional incorporando los principios y habilidades de la entrevista motivacional. Los participantes fueron seguidos por tres meses y se realizaron evaluaciones de hábitos alimenticios, actividad física, riesgo cardiometabólico, composición corporal y calidad de vida. El grupo de entrevista motivacional redujo el consumo de carnes (B=-0.45, p=0.032) y embutidos (B=-0.60, p=0.002). Asimismo, la presión arterial diastólica (B=-6.97, p=0.029) y glucemia (B=-9.27, p=0.097) de estos pacientes tendieron a disminuir. La entrevista motivacional promueve cambios que pueden hacer una diferencia clínica; aun en reducidos periodos de tiempo. Los nutriólogos capacitados para su implementación disponen de una herramienta adicional para el manejo de comorbilidad cardiometabólica en población vulnerable.

Abstract The purpose of this work was to assess the effectiveness of the motivational interviewing in the nutrition consultation on indicators of cardiometabolic risk in patients with bipolar disorder. An experimental study was conducted in which the control group receives nutritional guidance based on feeding plans and the intervention group received nutritional consultation incorporating the principles and skills of the motivational interviewing. Participants were followed by three months and evaluations of eating habits, physical activity, cardiometabolic risk, body composition and quality of life were carried out. The motivational interviewing group reduced the consumption of meats (B=-0.45, p=0.032) and sausages (B=-0.60, p=0.002). Likewise, the diastolic blood pressure (B=-6.97, p=0.029) and glycemia (B=-9.27, p=0.097) of these patients tended to decrease. Motivational interviewing promotes changes that can make a clinical difference, even in short periods of time. Nutritionists trained for its implementation have an additional tool for the management of cardiometabolic comorbidity in a vulnerable population.

Percepción de enfermeros colombianos sobre un entorno laboral saludable para la práctica asistencial en el ámbito hospitalario

Objetivo: Explorar la percepción de enfermeros profesionales colombianos sobre la definición y las principales características de un entorno laboral saludable (ELS) para la práctica asistencial de enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario. Metodología: Estudio de tipo cualitativo descriptivo. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a nueve enfermeros profesionales reclutados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcritas literalmente y codificadas. A través de la organización y estructuración de estos códigos se logró establecer categorías y subcategorías. Resultados: Del análisis de los datos fue posible establecer una definición de entorno laboral saludable y se obtuvieron dos dimensiones (categorías) y diez características principales (subcategorías) del concepto. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de este estudio permiten tener una mejor comprensión acerca de la percepción de los enfermeros colombianos sobre la definición y características esenciales de un ELS para la práctica de enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario. Estos hallazgos aportan al desarrollo de herramientas de medición de los ELS que se ajusten a las condiciones y a la realidad del ejercicio profesional en el ámbito hospitalario colombiano.

Objective: To explore the perception of Colombian professional nurses about the definition and the main characteristics of a healthy work environment (HWE) for nursing care practice in the hospital setting. Methodology: Descriptive qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine professional nurses recruited through non-probabilistic sampling. The interviews were recorded, literally transcribed and coded. Through the organization and structuring of these codes, it was possible to establish categories and subcategories. Results: From the data analysis it was possible to establish a definition of healthy work environment and two dimensions (categories), and 10 main characteristics (subcategories) of the concept were obtained. Conclusions: The findings of this study allow a better understanding of the perception of Colombian nurses about the definition and essential characteristics of an HWE for nursing practice in the hospital setting. These findings contribute to the development of HWE measurement tools that are adjusted to the conditions and reality of professional practice in the Colombian hospital setting.

[Evaluation of a program led by community workers to promote cardiometabolic health in adults in a highly marginalized Mexican municipality]. / Evaluación de un programa dirigido por trabajadores comunitarios para promover la salud cardiometabólica en adultos de un municipio mexicano de alta marginación.

Introduction: Objective: to evaluate the impact of a group program of nutrition education implemented by community workers on food consumption, physical activity and cardiometabolic risk. Material and methods: a randomized trial by conglomerates was performed. The intervention group (n = 246) participated in a program of nine group sessions of nutrition education delivered by community workers and focused on giving healthy habits options and evocation of motivations. The control group (n = 183) received printed information on healthy eating and physical activity. At the beginning of the study and after one year of follow-up, anthropometric measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, lipid profile and glucose were assessed. A questionnaire was applied to collect sociodemographic data, food consumption and physical activity. Results: in multilevel regression models it was observed that the intervention group reported an increase in the frequency of consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes, increased body mass index and its probability of increasing recreational physical activity was higher; in addition, it reduced its consumption of sweetened cereals, and decreased the probability of hyperglycemia compared to the control group. Resting heart rate increased in both groups, but the increase was lower in the intervention group. Conclusions: nutrition education guided by community workers can have positive effects on cardiometabolic risk, so it would be an alternative to traditional education focused on providing information.

Introducción: Objetivo: evaluar el impacto de un programa grupal de orientación alimentaria implementado por trabajadores comunitarios sobre el consumo de alimentos, actividad física y riesgo cardiometabólico. Material y métodos: se realizó un ensayo aleatorizado por conglomerados. El grupo de intervención (n = 246) participó en un programa de nueve sesiones grupales de orientación alimentaria impartido por trabajadores comunitarios y centrado en dar opciones de hábitos saludables y en la evocación de motivaciones. El grupo control (n = 183) recibió información impresa sobre alimentación saludable y actividad física. Al inicio del estudio y después de un año de seguimiento se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, de presión arterial, frecuencia cardiaca, perfil de lípidos y glucosa; además se aplicó un cuestionario que recabó información sociodemográfica, consumo de alimentos y actividad física. Resultados: en modelos de regresión multinivel se observó que el grupo de intervención reportó aumento en la frecuencia de consumo de frutas, verduras y leguminosas, aumentó el índice de masa corporal y su probabilidad de incrementar la actividad física recreativa fue mayor; además, redujo su consumo de cereales altos en azúcar y grasa, y disminuyó la probabilidad de hiperglucemia comparado con el grupo control. La frecuencia cardiaca aumentó en ambos grupos, pero el aumento fue menor en el grupo de intervención. Conclusiones: la orientación alimentaria guiada por trabajadores comunitarios puede tener efectos positivos en el riesgo cardiometabólico, por lo cual sería una alternativa a la educación en salud enfocada a dar información.

Investigaciones cualitativas en salud pública publicadas en revistas biomédicas colombianas entre el 2011 y el 2021 / Qualitative public health research published in Colombian biomedical journals between 2011 and 2021

Introducción. La investigación cualitativa busca comprender el sentido y la perspectiva de los individuos e indaga teniendo en cuenta el contexto. Este paradigma permite la interpretación y el estudio de los fenómenos desde su propia complejidad. En salud pública, la investigación cualitativa ha ganado terreno, pues permite estudiar aspectos subjetivos del proceso salud-enfermedad. Objetivo. Describir y analizar las investigaciones cualitativas en temas de salud pública publicadas en revistas colombianas entre el 2011 y el 2021. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo sobre las investigaciones cualitativas en salud pública publicadas en revistas colombianas entre el 2011 y el 2021. Resultados. Se incluyeron 81 artículos. La revista con mayor cantidad de publicaciones fue la Revista de Salud Pública (44,4 %). El año con mayor producción correspondió al 2019 y el principal diseño fue la teoría fundamentada (17,3 %). En el 79 % de los artículos, las mujeres fueron el autor principal y la enfermería constituyó la profesión más frecuente de formación de pregrado. El tema más frecuente fue el VIH/sida (12,3 %), seguido por el cáncer (11,1%). En el 24,6 % de los estudios, se utilizó un software para el análisis. Conclusiones. Las investigaciones cualitativas en salud pública han tenido una dinámica variable en la producción científica entre el 2011 y el 2021. Pese a sus bondades, la adopción de programas informáticos para el análisis cualitativo es escasa. La enfermería se destaca como el área que concentra la mayor cantidad de estudios cualitativos en salud pública con aportes en temáticas como COVID-19 y VIH/sida.

Introduction: Qualitative research seeks to understand the meaning and perspective of individuals and investigates considering the context. This paradigm allows the interpretation and study of phenomena from their own complexity. In public health, qualitative research has gained ground, as it allows the study of subjective aspects of the health-disease process. Objective: To describe and analyze qualitative research on health issues published in Colombian journals between 2011 and 2021. Materials and methods: A descriptive study on qualitative health research published in Colombian journals between 2011 and 2021 was carried out. Results: Eighty-one articles were included. The journal with the highest number of publications was the Revista de Salud Pública (44.4%). The year with the highest production corresponded to 2019 and the main design was the fundamental theory (17.3%). In 79% of the articles, women were the main author and nursing was the most frequent profession of undergraduate training. The most frequent topic was HIV/AIDS (12.3%), followed by cancer (11.1%). In 24.6% of the studies, a software was used for the analysis. Conclusions: Qualitative research in public health has had a variable dynamic in scientific production between 2011 and 2021. Despite its benefits, the adoption of computer programs for qualitative analysis is rare. Nursing stands out as the area that concentrates the largest number of qualitative studies in public health with contributions on topics such as COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS.

A escuta suspensiva: chave operativa da entrevista fenomenológica / Suspensive listening: the operational key to phenomenological interview

Na Psicologia, a centralidade da escuta se apresenta como uma questão epistemológica e prática, sendo discutida no âmbito da psicologia fenomenológica e, enquanto escuta suspensiva, como dispositivo que dispara e desenvolve a entrevista como sua chave operativa. Trata-se de uma articulação teórica na perspectiva da fenomenologia clássica de Edmund Husserl, que exige considerara esfera transcendental e a antropologia resultante das reduções intersubjetivas realizadas pelo fundador da fenomenologia. Para a Psicologia, explicita a relação inerente entre pessoa e cultura, tema que coloca em questão os objetos e o modo de fazer pesquisa empírico-fenomenológica, bem como consequências para a clínica. Os resultados equivalem a uma sequência de análises fenomenológicas, partindo das análises preliminares da entrevista e da escuta, em seus momentos hiléticos e noéticos. A escuta suspensiva é operada como encontro de horizontes de expectativa, indicando sua complexidade e especificidades de sua execução.

The centrality of listening to Psychology is presented as an epistemological and practical issue, being discussed within the scope of phenomenological psycho-logy and, as suspensive listening, as an operational device that, like a key, triggers and develops the interview. It is a theoretical articulation from the perspective of classical phenomenology by Edmund Husserl, which demands considering the transcendental sphere and the anthropology resulting from the intersubjective reductions carried out by the founder of phenomenology. For Psychology, it explains the inherent relationship between person and culture, a theme that puts objects in question and the way of doing empirical-phenomenological re-search, as well as consequences for the clinical psychology. The results are equivalent to a sequence of phenomenological analyses, starting with the preliminary analyses of the interview and listening, in its hiletic and noetic moments. Suspensive listening is operated as a meeting of horizons of expectation, indicating its complexity and specificities of its execution.

[Awareness of chemsex, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and sexual behavior in primary health care in Spain]. / Conocimiento sobre chemsex, profilaxis pre-exposición contra el VIH (PrEP) y entrevista sexual en atención primaria: ¿estamos preparados?

OBJECTIVE: To describe the degree of knowledge of primary care professionals about the practice of chemsex, its potential side effects and pre-exposure prophylaxis against HIV (PrEP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study using an online survey aimed at primary care professionals. The survey consisted of 25 questions on: (i)sociodemographic data; (ii)performance of sexual interview in the consultation; (iii) level of knowledge about the use of chemsex and its complications; (iv)degree of knowledge about PrEP, and (v)training needs of professionals. The survey was designed in ArgisSurvey123 and distributed through SEMERGEN via distribution list and corporate mail. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-seven responses were obtained during the survey distribution period (February-March 2022). The majority of respondents were women (71.8%). The percentage of sexual interviewing in routine clinical practice was low. Most respondents (73%) had heard of chemsex, but were not comfortable with their knowledge of the pharmacokinetic properties of the main drugs used in this practice. 52.3% of respondents claimed to have no knowledge of PrEP. CONCLUSIONS: Updating and responding to the training needs of professionals regarding chemsex and PrEP is essential to ensure the care and quality of care for our patients.

Herramientas, estrategias y enfoque cualitativo para develar emociones en varones desempleados / Tools, strategies and a qualitative approach for revealing the emotions in unemployed men

Resumen Este trabajo se centró en el análisis respecto a la calidad y consistencia de una guía de entrevista, creada para estudiar las emociones en varones sin empleo, así como el método para la implementación de este instrumento. El objetivo fue develar cómo investigadores de dos grupos de investigación de dos universidades de México y Colombia aplicaron y probaron el uso de una entrevista semiestructurada con enfoque biográfico para develar emociones en un grupo de varones desempleados. El método involucró la aplicación y evaluación de la herramienta. La metodología se siguió en (N = 7 en Colombia + N = 14 en México) entrevistas con hombres sin empleo en dos ciudades latinoamericanas: Bogotá, Colombia y Guadalajara, México, por dos grupos de investigación, lo que permitió verificar la consistencia de la herramienta y la aplicabilidad durante el proceso investigativo. Los resultados indican la idoneidad y credibilidad de esta propuesta metodológica y guía de entrevista, probada y constatada en términos interdisciplinarios e interinstitucionales.

Abstract This work offers an analysis of the quality and consistency of an interview guide created to study the emotions in unemployed men, as well as the method for the implementation of this instrument. Our objective is to reveal how researchers from two research groups at two universities in Mexico and Colombia applied and tested a semistructured interview guide with a biographical approach to reveal the emotions in a group of unemployed men. Their methodology involved the application and evaluation of this tool and was followed in (N = 7 in Colombia + N = 14 in Mexico) interviews with unemployed men in two Latin American cities - Bogotá, Colombia and Guadalajara, Mexico - by two research groups. This application has allowed us to verify the consistency of the tool and its applicability during relevant research. Our results thus demonstrate the suitability and credibility of this methodological proposal and interview guide based on their testing and verification in interdisciplinary and interinstitutional contexts.

Intervenções psicoeducativas na promoção da mudança da pessoa com dependência de álcool / Psychoeducational interventions to promote change in people with alcohol dependence

O consumo de álcool é considerado um problema de saúde pública a nível mundial, sendo altos os custos e os encargos sociais daí decorrentes. Em Portugal apesar da relativa estabilidade de consumos recentes e atuais, relativamente a 2014, verifica-se atualmente um agravamento dos consumos de risco e dependência. A psicoeducação é reconhecida como uma estratégia eficaz, utilizada frequentemente nas intervenções de enfermagem. Na pessoa com dependência de álcool, a utilização de intervenções psicoeducativas, permite aumentar a ambivalência em relação ao consumo do álcool e a motivação intrínseca para a mudança de comportamento. A utilização da Entrevista Motivacional, considerado um estilo de comunicação centrada na pessoa, contribui para ajudar a pessoa a ultrapassar a ambivalência face à mudança, consolidando o compromisso deste processo. O presente trabalho constitui uma análise crítica-reflexiva, acerca das intervenções especializadas de saúde mental e psiquiátrica, desenvolvidas em contexto de estágio, que tiveram como objetivo principal a promoção da mudança da pessoa com dependência de álcool, tendo sido utilizada a psicoeducação como estratégia privilegiada de intervenção. Os estágios decorreram em duas unidades de cuidados de saúde mental, em contexto de internamento, na região de Lisboa e em contexto comunitário, na região de Setúbal. Os participantes foram os utentes destas unidades, do género masculino e feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os vinte cinco e os setenta oito anos. Foram implementadas intervenções em modalidade de grupo e individual. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam ganhos em saúde, nomeadamente no aumento do autocontrolo e autoeficácia, do autoconhecimento, na expressão de emoções e sentimentos, na vivência de experiências positivas e de bem-estar. As intervenções desenvolvidas foram assim facilitadoras no processo de consciencialização da problemática da dependência do álcool e para o aumento da ambivalência, contribuindo para a mudança de comportamento.

Alcohol abuse is considered a public health problem worldwide, and the costs and social burdens are high. In Portugal, despite the relative stability of recent and current consumption, compared to 2014, there is currently a worsening of risky abuse and addiction. Psychoeducation is recognized as an effective strategy, frequently used in nursing interventions. In the person with alcohol dependency, the use of psychoeducational interventions allows to increase the ambivalence in relation to the consumption of alcohol and the intrinsic motivation for changing the behaviour. The use of Motivational Interviewing considered a style of communication centred on the person helps to overcome the ambivalence towards the change, consolidating the commitment with this process. The present work constitutes a critical and reflexive analysis of the specialized interventions in mental and psychiatric health, developed in the context of an internship that had as main objective the promotion of the change in people with alcohol dependence and the psychoeducation was used as a privileged strategy of intervention. The internships took place in two units of mental healthcare, in an impatient context in the region of Lisbon and in a community context in the region of Setúbal. The participants were the patients of these units, male and female, aged between twenty-five and seventy-eight years old. Group and individual interventions were implemented. The results obtained highlight gains in terms of health, namely with the increase of self-control and self-efficacy, self-knowledge, in the expression of emotions and feelings, in the perception of positive experiences and well-being. The interventions developed facilitated the process of awareness of the problem of alcohol abuse and the increase of ambivalence, contributing to the change in the behaviour.

¿La Entrevista Motivacional puede ser utilizada en la prevención de las caries en preescolares? Una revisión integradora / A Entrevista Motivacional pode ser utilizada na prevenção da cárie em pré-escolares? Uma revisão integrativa / Can Motivational Interviewing be used in caries prevention in preschoolers? An integrative review

El objetivo fue realizar una revisión a partir de una duda clínica: "¿La práctica de la entrevista motivacional (EM) puede ser utilizada en la prevención de las caries en preescolares?" Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura en abril de 2021 utilizándose una adaptación del "Sistema 6S". Se evaluó la calidad de las revisiones sistemáticas (RS). Fueron realizadas búsquedas en las revistas periódicas Evidence-Based Dentistry, Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice y en el sitio del Centro de Odontología Basada en Evidencias de American Dental Associaton, Biblioteca Cochrane y PubMed/Medline. Las palabras para la búsqueda fueron "motivational interviewing" y "dental caries". Resultados: Se hallaron 2 RS sobre el tema. Una RS de 2020 mostró reducción de caries a través del meta-análisis, pero sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa; los autores destacan que las evidencias limitadas se deben a la presencia de estudios heterogéneos basados en diferentes metodologías. Otra RS de 2021 concluyó que la EM posee el potencial de modificar el comportamiento y reducir significativamente lesiones cariosas principalmente en niños con elevada experiencia de caries. Fue también evaluada la calidad metodológica de las RS incluidas en esta revisión a través de los protocolos PRISMA y AMSTAR-2. Ambas presentaron bajo riesgo de sesgo y alta calidad. Conclusión: la práctica de la EM contribuyó en la prevención de la caries en preescolares, principalmente en los niños de alto riesgo. Sin embargo, las evidencias son moderadas, obtenidas a partir de meta-análisis poco robustos y de un número limitado de estudios aleatorios de buena calidad metodológica

Objetivou-se realizar uma revisão integrativa a partir de uma dúvida clínica: "A prática da entrevista motivacional (EM) pode ser utilizada na prevenção da cárie dentária em pré-escolares?". Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura em abril de 2021 utilizando-se uma adaptação do "Sistema 6S". Avaliou-se a qualidade das revisões sistemáticas (RS) encontradas através de duas ferramentas para avaliação metodológica. Foram realizadas buscas nos periódicos Evidence-Based Dentistry, Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice e no site do Centro de Odontologia Baseada em Evidências da American Dental Associaton. Buscou-se RS nas bases da Biblioteca Cochrane e PubMed/Medline. As palavras selecionas para as buscas foram "motivational interviewing" e "dental caries". Resultados: a busca final resultou em 2 RS sobre o tema. Uma RS de 2020 mostrou redução de cárie através da meta-análise, porém sem diferença estatisticamente significativa; os autores destacam que as evidências limitadas se devem a presença de estudos heterogêneos baseados em diferentes metodologias. Outra RS de 2021 concluiu que a EM possui o potencial de modificar o comportamento e reduzir significativamente lesões cariosas principalmente em crianças com elevada experiência de cárie. Foi ainda avaliada a qualidade metodológica das RS incluídas nesta revisão através dos protocolos PRISMA e AMSTAR-2. Ambas apresentaram baixo risco de viés e alta qualidade. Conclusão: a prática da EM contribui na prevenção da cárie em pré-escolares, principalmente nas crianças de alto risco. Entretanto, as evidências são moderadas, obtidas a partir de meta-análises pouco robustas e de um número limitado de estudos randomizados de boa qualidade metodológica

Aim: to perform an integrative review based on a clinical question: "Can motivational interviewing (MI) be used to prevent dental caries in preschool children?". Materials and methods: an integrative literature review was conducted in April 2021 using an adaptation of the "6S System". We also evaluated the quality of the systematic reviews (SR) found through two tools for methodological assessment. Evidence-Based Dentistry, Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice and on the website of the Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry of the American Dental Association. SRs were searched in the Cochrane Library and PubMed/Medline databases were searched. The selected search words were "motivational interviewing" and "dental caries". Results: the final search resulted in 2 SR on the topic. One SR from 2020 showed a reduction in dental caries through meta-analysis, but with no statistically significant difference; the authors point out that the limited evidence is due to the presence of heterogeneous studies based on different methodologies. Another SR from 2021 concluded that MI has the potential to modify behavior and significantly reduce carious lesions, mainly in children with high caries experience. The methodological quality of the SR included in this review was also assessed using the PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 protocols. Both showed high quality and low risk of bias. Conclusion: the practice of MI contributes to the prevention of dental caries in preschoolers, especially in high-risk children. However, the evidence is moderate, obtained from poor meta-analyses and a limited number of randomized studies of good methodological quality.

Intervenções associadas à entrevista motivacional para adesão antirretroviral por pessoas com HIV / Intervenciones asociadas a la entrevista motivacional para la adhesión antirretroviral de personas con VIH / Interventions associated with motivational interviewing for antiretroviral adherence by people with HIV

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as produções científicas acerca da eficácia de intervenções utilizando a entrevista motivacional para adesão à terapia antirretroviral por pessoas com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Métodos Revisão sistemática realizada em quatro bases de dados, o MEDLINE, CINAHL, IBECS, LILACS, e em uma biblioteca eletrônica, a SciELO, sem restrição de idioma, data e tamanho amostral. O levantamento de artigos foi realizado em setembro de 2021, utilizando-se os descritores Motivational Interviewing, HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome e Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Foram incluídos artigos do tipo ensaio clínico randomizado, com amostra de pessoas com vírus da imunodeficiência humana maiores de 18 anos, e excluídas pesquisas envolvendo crianças, adolescentes e gestantes. Dez artigos foram selecionados e analisados quanto ao rigor e características de cada estudo. Resultados A entrevista motivacional foi aplicada presencialmente e associada à chamada telefônica, visita domiciliar, fitas de áudio, encartes informativos, aconselhamento, teorias cognitivas-comportamentais e cognitivas-sociais. Os estudos incluídos nesta revisão evidenciaram que as intervenções utilizando a entrevista motivacional aumentaram a adesão aos antirretrovirais por pessoas com vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Conclusão O estudo contribuiu para identificar os dados existentes sobre a eficácia de intervenções com a entrevista motivacional, com foco na adesão à terapia antirretroviral por pessoas com vírus da imunodeficiência humana, tornando visíveis os pontos que precisam ser aprofundados e mostrando a importância desta estratégia, que pode ser utilizada pelos enfermeiros e demais profissionais de saúde, visando o bem-estar dos pacientes. International Prospective Register Systematic Reviews: CRD42019123724

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las producciones científicas sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones que utilizan la entrevista motivacional para la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral de personas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Métodos Revisión sistemática realizada en cuatro bases de datos, MEDLINE, CINAHL, IBECS, LILACS, y en una biblioteca electrónica, SciELO, sin restricción de idioma, fecha, ni tamaño de la muestra. La recopilación de archivos fue realizada en septiembre de 2021, con los descriptores Motivational Interviewing, HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome y Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Se incluyeron artículos tipo ensayo clínico aleatorizado, con muestreo de personas con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana mayores de 18 años; y se excluyeron estudios que incluían niños, adolescentes y mujeres embarazadas. Se seleccionaron diez artículos y se analizó el rigor y características de cada estudio. Resultados La entrevista motivacional se realizó presencialmente y estuvo relacionada con llamadas telefónicas, visitas domiciliares, cintas de audio, suplementos informativos, asesoramiento, teorías cognitivas conductuales y cognitivas sociales. Los estudios incluidos en esta revisión evidenciaron que las intervenciones que utilizan la entrevista motivacional aumentaron la adhesión a los antirretrovirales de personas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Conclusión El estudio ayudó a identificar los datos existentes sobre la eficacia de intervenciones con entrevistas motivacionales, con énfasis en la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral de personas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, se visibilizaron los puntos en los que es necesario profundizar y se mostró la importancia de esta estrategia, que puede ser utilizada por enfermeros y demás profesionales de la salud, para el bienestar de los pacientes.

Abstract Objective To analyze scientific productions about the effectiveness of interventions using motivational interviewing for adherence to antiretroviral therapy by people with the human immunodeficiency virus. Methods This is a systematic review carried out in four databases, MEDLINE, CINAHL, IBECS, LILACS, and in an electronic library, SciELO, without language, date and sample size restrictions. The survey of articles was carried out in September 2021, using the descriptors Motivational Interviewing, HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Randomized clinical trial articles were included, with a sample of people with human immunodeficiency virus over 18 years old, and research involving children, adolescents and pregnant women was excluded. Ten articles were selected and analyzed regarding the rigor and characteristics of each study. Results Motivational interviewing was applied in person and associated with a telephone call, home visit, audio tapes, informational inserts, counseling, cognitive-behavioral and cognitive-social theories. The studies included in this review showed that interventions using motivational interviewing increased adherence to antiretrovirals by people with human immunodeficiency virus. Conclusion The study contributed to identify existing data on the effectiveness of interventions with motivational interviewing, focusing on adherence to antiretroviral therapy by people with human immunodeficiency virus, making visible the points that need to be deepened and showing the importance of this strategy, which can be used by nurses and other health professionals, aiming at patients' well-being.International Prospective Register Systematic Reviews: CRD42019123724

Entrevista con la profesora Dra. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci / Entrevista com a professora dra. marilda gonçalves dias facci / Interview with the phd marilda gonçalves dias facci

A entrevista realizada com a presidente da Associação Brasileira de Psicologia Escolar e Educacional - ABRAPEE, Profa. Dra. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci, teve como objetivo a compreensão da trajetória trilhada pela professora na área da Psicologia Escolar, bem como as perspectivas deste campo da Psicologia, diante da Lei 13. 935/2019, que insere psicólogas e assistentes sociais na Educação. As questões foram formuladas contemplando o histórico de sua atuação; as conquistas e desafios impostos ao campo da Psicologia Educacional; os diversos âmbitos da atuação profissional nessa área; os impasses para a regulamentação da Lei 13.935/2019; a concepção sobre avaliação psicológica, considerando a teoria Histórico-Cultural e os projetos da atual gestão para o futuro da ABRAPEE. Dra. Marilda tem tido atuação marcante na Coordenação Nacional visando a regulamentação da Lei 13.935/2019 para a efetivação da atuação dos e das profissionais da Psicologia e Serviço Social na educação, em todos os municípios dos estados brasileiros.

En la entrevista realizada con la presidente de la Asociación Brasileña de Psicología Escolar y Educacional - ABRAPEE, Profa. Dra. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci, se tuvo el objetivo la comprensión de la trayectoria recorrida por la profesora en el área de la Psicología Escolar, así como las perspectivas de este campo de la psicología, delante de la Ley 13. 935/2019, que introduce psicólogas y asistentes sociales en la educación. Las cuestiones se formularon contemplando el histórico de su actuación; las conquistas y desafíos impuestos al campo de la Psicología Educacional; los distintos ámbitos de la actuación profesional en esa área; los impases para la reglamentación de la Ley 13.935/2019; la concepción sobre evaluación psicológica, considerando la teoría Histórico-Cultural y los proyectos de la actual gestión para el futuro de la ABRAPEE. Dra. Marilda ha tenido actuación destacada en la Coordinación Nacional con la finalidad de lograr la reglamentación de la Ley 13.935/2019 para la efectividad de la actuación de los y de las profesionales de la Psicología y Servicio Social en la educación, en todos los municipios de los estados brasileños.

The interview carried out with the Brazilian Association of School and Educational Psychology - ABRAPEE president, PhD. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci, aimed to understand the path taken by the teacher in the School Psychology area, as well as the perspectives of this Psychology field, in light of Law 13. 935/2019, which includes psychologists and social workers in Education. The questions were formulated considering her history work; the achievements and challenges imposed on the field of Educational Psychology; the different areas of professional activity in this area; the challenges in regulating Law 13,935/2019; the psychological assessment conception, considering the Historical-Cultural theory and the current management's projects for the future of ABRAPEE. The PhD. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci has had a notable role in the National Coordination aimed at regulating Law 13,935/2019 to implement the work of Psychology and Social Service professionals in Education, in all municipalities in the Brazilian states.