State of anxiety may be associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in functional dyspepsia patients with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities.

We have reported that refractory functional dyspepsia patients with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities (FD-P). We tried to analyze the prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in FD-P patients to clarify whether the pathophysiology of FD patients including clinical symptoms and quality of life were associated with EPI. We enrolled forty-nine patients presenting with typical symptoms of FD-P patients (n = 20) and asymptomatic patients with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities (AP-P) (n = 29). Five pancreatic enzymes (p-amylase, lipase, elastase-1, trypsin, and PLA2) were measured and STAI-state/-trait and SF-8 were evaluated. Pancreatic exocrine function was analyzed using N-benzoyl-l-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA). There were no significant differences in patient background between FD-P and AP-P patients. BT-PABA test scores for FD-P patients (61.67 ±â€…5.55) were significantly (p = 0.01) lower than in AP-P patients (95.38 ±â€…2.36). Physical component scale (PCS) in FD-P patients was significantly (p = 0.002) lower than that in AP-P patients. STAI-state was relatively (p = 0.054) associated with BT-PABA test in FD-P and AP-P patients by multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of EPI in FD-P patients was significantly higher than that in AP-P patients and was relatively associated with state of anxiety. Further studies will be needed to clarify how EPI or pancreatic enzyme abnormalities are associated with the pathophysiology of FD-P patients.

Estrés y ansiedad maternos y su relación con el éxito de la lactancia materna / Maternal stress and anxiety and their association with successful breastfeeding

INTRODUCCIÓN: la lactancia materna es la única forma natural de alimentar al bebé, e inigualable para su crecimiento y desarrollo. Múltiples son los factores que se han relacionado con el establecimiento o no de una lactancia materna exitosa. OBJETIVO: identificar en las madres, los niveles de vulnerabilidad al estrés y de ansiedad como estado, y su relación con el éxito de la lactancia materna. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio prospectivo y descriptivo. Se estudiaron 101 madres y sus hijos de 13 consultorios del Policlínico "Luis Augusto Turcios Lima", de San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, entre el 1ro. de febrero de 2012 y el 30 de enero de 2013. RESULTADOS: el 76,2 % de madres estaba en el rango de 20 a 35 años, 89,8 % tenían pareja estable, el 50,5 % nivel preuniversitario y el 41,4 % de ellas padecían de asma bronquial. La vulnerabilidad al estrés y la ansiedad como estado se encontraban al final del tercer trimestre en el 46,5 y 56,4 % respectivamente. El 49,5 % de las madres ofreció lactancia materna exclusiva por 4 o 5 meses, y el 27,7 % hasta los 6 meses. Lograron mejores índices de lactancia materna exclusiva a los 4, 5 y 6 meses aquellas con menores niveles de vulnerabilidad al estrés y de estado de ansiedad. CONCLUSIONES: se evidenció que existe una estrecha relación entre los niveles de estrés y ansiedad y el éxito de la lactancia materna.

INTRODUCTION: breastfeeding is the only natural way of feeding the baby and unique for his/her growth and development. There are a lot of factors that have been associated to the application of successful breastfeeding or not. OBJECTIVE: to identify the degree of vulnerability to stress and state of anxiety in mothers, and their relationship with successful maternal breastfeeding. METHODS: a prospective and descriptive study was conducted to study 101 mothers and their children from 13 medical offices of "Luis Augusto Turcios Lima" polyclinics located in San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque province. The study was performed from February 1st, 2012 through January 30th 2013. RESULTS: in this group, 76.2 % of mothers were 20 to 35 years of age, 89.8 % had stable couple, 50.5 % showed high-school education and 41.4 % had asthma. Vulnerability to stress and anxiety as a condition were found to be present in 46.5 % and 56.4 % of patients, respectively. Almost half of the group (49.5 %) exclusively breastfed their babies for 4 or 5 months whereas 27.7 % did it up to 6 months after birth. Those mothers with lower levels of vulnerability to stress and anxiety state showed better breastfeeding rates on the 4th, 5th and 6th months. CONCLUSIONS: it was confirmed that levels of stress and anxiety and successful breastfeeding are closely related.