RESUMO
The use of blockchain technology to establish food traceability chains has the potential to provide transparent information of food stuffs along the entire supply chain and also aid in the documentation or even execution of official food control processes. Particularly in instances where analytical methodologies cannot provide definitive data for food control questions under study, the certificate-based approach of a traceability chain may offer a way of regulatory control for state authorities. Given the rising importance of organic produce and the high share of eggs among the organic produce in the European Union as well as the new EU regulation on organic products and labelling that came into force in 2022, we analyze here how the control of egg production type and marketing standards can be represented within a blockchain-based traceability chain such as to maximize the traceability in compliance with the current relevant EU regulations. Intended for the use by the official food control authorities, a traceability chain for organically produced eggs in the EU would need to be implemented as a permissioned blockchain, since only select entities are allowed to participate. By combining a proof of authority consensus mechanism with issuance of soulbound tokens, we effectively suggest a 'proof of soulbound authority' consensus process. The soulbound tokens are issued throughout the administrative chain from the European Commission down to the official food control authorities in individual member states that ultimately certify the control bodies for organic produce. Despite the general limitation of not providing unambiguous proof of the organic status of individual products, the concept discussed here offers advantages with respect to allocation of authority at EU level and therefore might have positive effects beyond the traceability chain.
Assuntos
Ovos , União Europeia , Ovos/análise , Blockchain , Abastecimento de Alimentos/normas , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Alimentos Orgânicos/provisão & distribuição , Alimentos Orgânicos/análise , Rotulagem de Alimentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Rotulagem de Alimentos/normas , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The natural abundance of stable isotope 15 N (δ15 N) in production systems has emerged as an alternative to distinguish organic products from conventional ones. This study evaluated the use of δ15 N values recorded for nitrogen fertilizers, soil and plant tissue in order to set the differences between organic and conventional agricultural production systems applied to rice, potatoes, apple and banana crops. RESULTS: Values of δ15 N recorded for N sources ranged from +5.58 to +18.27 and from -3.55 to +3.19 in organic and synthetic fertilizers, respectively. Values recorded for δ15 N in food from organic rice, potatoes and banana farms were higher than values recorded for δ15 N in conventional farms; the same was observed for values recorded for δ15 N in leaves from the four crops. CONCLUSION: Results have allowed for differentiation between production systems due to values of δ15 N recorded in leaves of all crops and food, for rice, potatoes and banana trees. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Alimentos Orgânicos/análise , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Isótopos de Nitrogênio/análise , Certificação , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Malus/química , Musa/química , Oryza/química , Solanum tuberosum/químicaRESUMO
Given the increasing public interest in how ingredients are processed and the growing demand for organic food products, it is critical to understand consumers' expectations about the process-related quality of organic products. Consumers perceive organic food to be nutritious, healthy and either natural or less processed, as they are afraid of the loss of nutritional, organoleptic and sensory properties of the food products. However, alternative food processing technologies might generate healthy and safe food options with nutritional quality properties. Simplified communication schemes might help to overcome this barrier for the consumer. The main objective of this study is to propose a working definition of "careful processing" for organic products and test its consistency through an experiment, while being used to rate different processing methods by consumers. Results show that the proposed definition allows the consumer to consistently rate alternative processing technologies. Consumers tend to score alternative processing technologies such as pulsed electric fields and microwaves as less careful, supporting the idea that organic consumers want as little man-made interference in their food products as possible. Results show that a simple but effective definition of careful processing may help consumers to distinguish more organic food products from conventional ones, no matter which communication scheme is used.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Consumidor , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Valor Nutritivo , Adulto , Embalagem de Alimentos/métodos , Humanos , Micro-Ondas , Pasteurização , Percepção , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Local and organic foods have shown increased importance and market size in recent years. However, attitudes, sentiment, and habits related to such foods in the context of video social networks have not been thoroughly researched. Given that such media have become some of the most important venues of internet traffic, it is relevant to investigate how sustainable food is communicated through such video social networks. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the diffusion paths of local and organic foods on YouTube, providing a review of trends, coincidences, and differences among video discourses. METHODS: A combined methodology involving webometric, framing, semantic, and sentiment analyses was employed. RESULTS: We reported the results for the following two groups: organic and local organic videos. Although the content of 923 videos mostly included the "Good Mother" (organic and local organic: 282/808, 34.9% and 311/866, 35.9%, respectively), "Natural Goodness" (220/808, 27.2% and 253/866, 29.2%), and "Undermining of Foundations" (153/808, 18.9% and 180/866, 20.7%) frames, organic videos were more framed in terms of "Frankenstein" food (organic and local organic: 68/808, 8.4% and 27/866, 3.1%, respectively), with genetically modified organisms being a frequent topic among the comments. Organic videos (N=448) were better connected in terms of network metrics than local organic videos (N=475), which were slightly more framed regarding "Responsibility" (organic and local organic: 42/808, 5.1% and 57/866, 6.5%, respectively) and expressed more positive sentiment (M ranks for organic and local organic were 521.2 and 564.54, respectively, Z=2.15, P=.03). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that viewers considered sustainable food as part of a complex system and in a positive light and that food framed as artificial and dangerous sometimes functions as a counterpoint to promote organic food.
Assuntos
Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Mídias Sociais/tendências , Gravação em Vídeo/métodos , Humanos , Internet , SemânticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The chicken egg is a food product with a rich content of nutrients, such as proteins, vitamins, lipids, and minerals with high bioavailability. Furthermore, eggs are easy to prepare and a relatively inexpensive component of the human diet. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of eggs from an organic and a conventional farm and their content of Na and K. METHODS: The research material consisted of eggs from laying hens reared in two different systems - organic (according to standards for organic farming and with access to a chicken run) and cage. Forty eggs from each group were analysed. Egg quality traits were divided into destructive and non-destructive. In addition, potassium (K) and sodium (Na) contents were determined in the whole egg, yolk and albumen. RESULTS: The research results indicated slightly better quality of eggs from organic farming compared to eggs from cages in the case of most physical properties. The data clearly show that the content of sodium and potassium in the albumen, yolk and whole egg was higher in the eggs of chickens raised organically compared to the eggs of chickens reared in cages (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The research results indicate a slightly better quality of eggs from the organic farm compared to eggs from cages in the case of most physical properties, as well as the content of macro-elements. Eggs in both systems are produced following scientific management practices. There are many myths among consumers regarding the nutritional quality of eggs produced in different systems. This information can be useful for raising awareness among consumers selecting eggs.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Ovos/análise , Alimentos Orgânicos/análise , Valor Nutritivo , Agricultura Orgânica/métodos , Potássio/análise , Sódio/análise , Albuminas , Ração Animal , Animais , Galinhas , Comércio , Dieta , Casca de Ovo , Gema de Ovo , Ovos/normas , Feminino , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , HumanosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to verify that the organic status of pork purchased in the markets from four different regions of China can be authenticated by the combined analysis of stable isotopes and multiple elements. Four stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H and δ18O) and the concentrations of seven elements (K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu and Se) were determined in organic and conventional pork samples from four locations of China. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze stable isotope ratios and multi-element concentrations in pork. Based on the limited database of analytical values, the methodology would be potentially able to confirm whether a sample of pork came from the region and organic status it claimed. These results provide a possibility for authenticity of organic agricultural products from a large scope such as a province even a country.
Assuntos
Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Isótopos/análise , Carne de Porco/análise , Animais , China , Análise Discriminante , Carne de Porco/normas , Análise de Componente Principal , SuínosRESUMO
The fall in lamb meat consumption makes it necessary to determine strategies to increase its consumption and the viability of livestock farms. Given this scenario, organic lamb meat emerges as a product with major growth potential. Using crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA), this study analyses the profile of lamb meat consumers who decide against consuming organic lamb meat, identifying the main reasons they give for this decision. The findings reveal two majority segments of non-consumers of organic lamb meat, corresponding to 44.2% and 32.8% of conventional lamb meat consumers. In these segments, the main reasons given for non-consumption of lamb meat are, in the following order, supply, higher price and the lack of guarantees that the meat is actually organic. Thus, increasing organic lamb meat consumption necessarily involves greater efforts in the supply chain and greater promotion of information about the controls that guarantee the quality of certified organic lamb.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Consumidor , Alimentos Orgânicos/economia , Carne Vermelha/economia , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Custos e Análise de Custo , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Alimentos Orgânicos/provisão & distribuição , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carne Vermelha/normas , Carne Vermelha/provisão & distribuição , OvinosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Introduction: in several countries, there is an increasing trend of consumers and distributors of organic food. Objective: to identify consumer motivation, a socioeconomic profile and possible sociopolitical actions for the development of public policy by the consumers of organic products supplied by 12 alternative food distribution networks in Medellín and Eastern Antioquia. Methods: qualitative study with semi-structured interviews and participant and non-participant observation. Results: the main reason for organic food consumption is personal wellbeing, specifically health, followed by care for the environment and social welfare because such consumption contributes to improving the quality of life of poor producers (farmers and indigenous people). The consumption of these foods is also in some cases a form of resistance against the food industry, agroindustry and supermarkets; however, this social awareness does not imply that consumers commit themselves to sociopolitical actions transcending to the collective sphere. Conclusion: action by local governments is required to develop strategies that consolidate the transformative potential of consumer practices regarding organic products from alternative food networks.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el incremento de consumidores y distribuidores de alimentos y productos orgánicos constituye una tendencia en varios países. Objetivo: establecer las motivaciones para el consumo, el perfil socioeconómico y las posibles acciones de carácter sociopolítico para la construcción de políticas públicas realizadas por los consumidores de productos orgánicos de las 12 redes de distribución alternativa de alimentos que existen en Medellín y el oriente antioqueño. Métodos: estudio cualitativo con entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación participante y no participante. Resultados: se halló que la principal razón de consumo es el bienestar individual, específicamente la salud, seguido del cuidado del medio ambiente y el bienestar social porque se contribuye a mejorar la calidad de vida de los productores pobres (campesinos e indígenas). Se encontró, además, que el consumo de estos alimentos, se hace en algunos casos como forma de resistencia frente a la industria de alimentos, la agroindustria y los supermercados. Sin embargo, esta conciencia social no implica que los consumidores se comprometan con acciones sociopolíticas para trascender a la esfera colectiva. Conclusión: se requiere una acción de los gobiernos locales para desarrollar estrategias que consoliden el potencial transformador de las prácticas de los consumidores de productos orgánicos de las redes alternativas de alimentos.
Assuntos
Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Política Nutricional , Adulto , Colômbia , Comportamento do Consumidor , Meio Ambiente , Fazendeiros , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Motivação , Fatores SocioeconômicosAssuntos
Publicidade/normas , Comportamento do Consumidor , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Publicidade/métodos , Compostos Benzidrílicos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Naturologia/métodos , Naturologia/tendências , Fenóis/efeitos adversos , Estados Unidos , United States Department of Agriculture/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
For over 40 years, food-matrix certified reference materials (CRMs) have been available for determination of trace element content, and a wide variety of materials are available from most producers of CRMs. However, the availability of food-matrix CRMs for organic nutrients has been more limited. The European Commission (EC) Bureau Communautaire de Référence (BCR) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) introduced food-matrix CRMs with values assigned for vitamins and other organic nutrients such as fatty acids and carotenoids in the 1990s. The number of organic nutrients for which values were assigned has increased significantly in the past decade, and the approach and analytical methods used for assignment of the certified values have also evolved. Recently, dietary supplement-matrix CRMs such as multivitamin tablets with values assigned for vitamins and carotenoids, and fish and plant oils with values assigned for fatty acids have appeared. The development, evolution, and improvement of food- and dietary supplement-matrix CRMs for determination of vitamins, carotenoids, and fatty acids are described, with emphasis on CRMs made available in the past 10 years. Recent food and dietary supplement CRMs for the determination of organic nutrients include infant formula, multivitamin tablets, milk and egg powders, breakfast cereal, meat homogenate, blueberries, soy flour, fish and plant oils, dry cat food, and protein drink powder. Many of these food- and supplement-matrix CRMs have values assigned for over 80 organic and inorganic nutrients, toxic elements, proximates, and contaminants. The review provides a critical assessment of the challenges and evolving improvements in the production and the analytical methods used for value assignment of these CRMs. The current status and future needs for additional food- and dietary supplement-matrix CRMs for organic nutrients are also discussed. Graphical abstract Food Composition Triangle with currently-available food-matrix certified reference materials (CRMs) for the determination of organic nutrients positioned according to fat, protein, and carbohydrate composition.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais/normas , Análise de Alimentos/métodos , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Colesterol/análise , Colesterol/normas , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Ácidos Graxos/normas , Rotulagem de Alimentos , Alimentos Orgânicos/análise , Valor Nutritivo , Padrões de Referência , Vitaminas/análise , Vitaminas/normasRESUMO
1. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of pathogens and the development of spoilage microflora in organic chicken meat originating from a small poultry slaughterhouse and stored for 14 days at 2°C aerobically (control) or in one of two modified atmosphere packaging systems (MAP1: 80% O2, 20% CO2 and MAP2: 70% N2, 30% CO2). 2. Campylobacter jejuni survived well during storage; and was found on the skin in 95% of samples (262/276). 3. In general, both the skin and meat samples showed a good initial microbiological quality with total viable counts of less than 3 log cfu/g in meat and approximately 5 log cfu/g on skin. 4. No difference was found between breast and thigh samples during the experiment. 5. Shelf life was limited mainly by the development of mesophilic and psychrotrophic microflora on skin which were found at 7-day storage for the control and MAP1 and 10 days for MAP2.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Armazenamento de Alimentos/métodos , Carne/microbiologia , Carne/normas , Matadouros , Animais , Atmosfera , Campylobacter jejuni/genética , Campylobacter jejuni/isolamento & purificação , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/veterinária , Embalagem de Alimentos , Alimentos Orgânicos/microbiologia , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Refrigeração , Pele/microbiologiaRESUMO
Two marker combinations were used for the differentiation of organically produced from conventionally produced potatoes and also for the geographical origin identification. Fifty-seven samples (from Romanian local producers or imported) were analysed from the stable isotopic (isotope ratio mass spectrometry) and elemental profile (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) point of view. In order to assess the best marker combination, both isotopic and elemental experimental results were subject to chemometric analysis. The statistical tests performed were ANOVA test, Pearson correlation, principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). For a more comprehensive differentiation between organic vs. conventional potato samples, LDA was applied, and 94.7â % of original cases were correctly classified and the percentage obtained in cross-validation procedure was 91.2â %. Regarding the geographic origin classification, LDA provided an initial classification of 96.5â %, while for cross-validation the percentage was 87.7. LDA found δ15N, Cd, Ca, Cu and Zn as best discrimination markers between organically and conventionally grown potatoes. The strongest predictors for Romania vs. foreign geographical areas along LDA were seen to be Ca, P, Co, Ni and δ13C.
Assuntos
Análise de Alimentos/métodos , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Isótopos/análise , Solanum tuberosum/química , Oligoelementos/análise , Isótopos de Carbono/análise , Alimentos Orgânicos/análise , Espectrometria de Massas , Minerais/análise , RomêniaRESUMO
In this review, we examine the variation in stable isotope signatures of the lighter elements (δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, and δ34S) of tissues and excreta of domesticated animals, the factors affecting the isotopic composition of animal tissues, and whether stable isotopes may be used to differentiate organic and conventional modes of animal husbandry. The main factors affecting the δ13C signatures of livestock are the C3/C4 composition of the diet, the relative digestibility of the diet components, metabolic turnover, tissue and compound specificity, growth rate, and animal age. δ15N signatures of sheep and cattle products have been related mainly to diet signatures, which are quite variable among farms and between years. Although few data exist, a minor influence in δ15N signatures of animal products was attributed to N losses at the farm level, whereas stocking rate showed divergent findings. Correlations between mode of production and δ2H and δ18O have not been established, and only in one case of an animal product was δ34S a satisfactory marker for mode of production. While many data exist on diet-tissue isotopic discrimination values among domesticated animals, there is a paucity of data that allow a direct and statistically verifiable comparison of the differences in the isotopic signatures of organically and conventionally grown animal products. The few comparisons are confined to beef, milk, and egg yolk, with no data for swine or lamb products. δ13C appears to be the most promising isotopic marker to differentiate organic and conventional production systems when maize (C4) is present in the conventional animal diet. However, δ13C may be unsuitable under tropical conditions, where C4 grasses are abundant, and where grass-based husbandry is predominant in both conventional and organic systems. Presently, there is no universal analytical method that can be applied to differentiate organic and conventional animal products.
Assuntos
Laticínios/análise , Ovos/análise , Inspeção de Alimentos/métodos , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Alimentos Orgânicos/análise , Carne/análise , Modelos Químicos , Animais , Biomarcadores/análise , Bovinos , Laticínios/normas , Gema de Ovo/química , Ovos/normas , Rotulagem de Alimentos , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Humanos , Isótopos , Gado , Carne/normas , Produtos da Carne/análise , Produtos da Carne/normas , Leite/química , Leite/normas , Aves DomésticasRESUMO
The environment is increasingly turning to a vital and very important issue for all people. By increasing environmental concerns as well as legislating and regulating rules on the protection of the environment and the emergence of green consumers, implementing green marketing approach for organizations seems to be more crucial and essential. As a result, the need for ecological products and green business activities compels companies to combine environmental issues with marketing strategies. The first step in the success of companies and organizations is to identify consumers and their consumption behaviors correctly and accurately. So, the purpose of this study is to identify effective factors for the choice of consumers of green products. We used consumption values (functional value, social value, emotional value, conditional value, epistemic value, and environmental value) as the effective factor for choosing green products. The original place of this research was in Tehran, capital city of Iran, which is one of the most polluted cities in the world due to environmental issues. The results from the survey questionnaires are analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. The results indicated that functional value-price, functional value-quality, social value, epistemic value, and environmental value had significantly positive effects on the choice of green products; also, conditional value and emotional value had no influence on it. It was concluded that the main influential factors for consumers' choice behavior regarding green products included environmental value and epistemic value. This study emphasized the proper pricing of green products by producers and sellers.
Assuntos
Comportamento de Escolha , Comportamento do Consumidor , Preferências Alimentares/psicologia , Alimentos Orgânicos , Cidades , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Custos e Análise de Custo , Feminino , Alimentos Orgânicos/economia , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Organic foods have risen in popularity recently. However, the increased risk of bacterial contamination of organic foods has not been fully evaluated. In this study, 100 samples each of organic and conventional fresh vegetables (55 lettuce samples and 45 sprout samples) sold in South Korea were analyzed for aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus. Although the aerobic bacteria and coliform counts were not significantly different between the two farming types (p > 0.05), the occurrence rate of B. cereus was higher in organically cultivated vegetables compared with those grown conventionally (70% vs. 30%, respectively). The mean contamination level of B. cereus-positive organic samples was also significantly higher (1.86 log colony-forming unit [CFU]/g vs. 0.69 log CFU/g, respectively) (p < 0.05). In addition, six samples of organic vegetables were found to be contaminated with B. cereus at over 4 log CFU/g categorized as unsatisfactory according to Health Protection Agency guideline. The relatively higher occurrence rate of B. cereus in organic vegetables emphasizes the importance of implementing control measures in organic vegetable production and postharvest processing to reduce the risk of food poisoning.
Assuntos
Bacillus cereus/isolamento & purificação , Contaminação de Alimentos , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Alimentos Orgânicos/microbiologia , Verduras/microbiologia , Bacillus cereus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Enterobacteriaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Inspeção de Alimentos , Conservação de Alimentos , Alimentos Orgânicos/efeitos adversos , Alimentos Orgânicos/economia , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/etiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/microbiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Bactérias Aeróbias Gram-Negativas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bactérias Aeróbias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/isolamento & purificação , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Lactuca/economia , Lactuca/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lactuca/microbiologia , Lactuca/normas , Folhas de Planta/efeitos adversos , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Prática de Saúde Pública , Controle de Qualidade , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Risco , Plântula/efeitos adversos , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plântula/microbiologia , Verduras/economia , Verduras/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Verduras/normasRESUMO
The retail market share of organic eggs in Denmark is high, and the consumers expect high animal welfare standards in the organic production. Documentation of animal welfare is important, however, knowledge about the associations between animal-based welfare indicators is limited. The aims of the study were to investigate the associations between selected welfare indicators at two ages (peak and end of lay), and to examine the development with age of the chosen welfare indicators. The chosen welfare indicators were Ascaridia galli (roundworm) infection, Heterakis sp. (caecal worm) infection, keel bone damages, back feathering, body feathering, foot damages, comb colour and wounds on the body. An observational study with 12 organic egg farms was conducted in 2012 and 2013 with a total of 214 hens assessed individually at the peak and the end of lay. Insufficient data were obtained on helminth infection at the peak of lay. At the end of lay, all helminth infected hens were positive for A. galli, and only three of them had in addition a Heterakis sp. infection. Foot damages, pale combs and wounds on the body occurred at frequencies <5% and were therefore, together with the prevalence of Heterakis sp. infection, left out of the analysis of associations. A graphical model was used to analyse the associations between the remaining clinical welfare indicators, A. galli infection, housing systems and age of the hens at end of lay. A. galli infection was only directly associated with back feathering at end of lay (P=0.011) with an increased incidence of A. galli infection in hens with good back feathering. Between the two visits, the prevalence of hens with keel bone damages increased (P<0.001), and the plumage condition deteriorated (P<0.001), whereas the number of hens with plantar abscess (P=0.037) and pale combs (P=0.020) decreased. No significant differences were found for other foot damages or for skin damage. In conclusion, back feathering at end of lay provided information about a possible helminth infection, but this is not a useful indicator in daily on-farm management. In addition, evidence was found that the deterioration of the plumage condition with age was not only due to accumulation of damage over time.
Assuntos
Bem-Estar do Animal/normas , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Galinhas/parasitologia , Plumas , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Abrigo para Animais , Agricultura Orgânica/normas , Envelhecimento , Animais , Ascaridia/isolamento & purificação , Dinamarca/epidemiologia , Ovos/normas , Plumas/anatomia & histologia , Plumas/patologia , Feminino , Abrigo para Animais/normas , Incidência , Óvulo , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/patologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Isotopic discrimination, dietary composition and feeding regime determine the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of animals. Accordingly, measurement of the stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen can be a potential method to identify patterns of pork production. RESULTS: In the current study, we investigated the carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratio in pork from organic and conventional systems. The average carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios for various organic tissues, including hair, blood and defatted meat, were higher than those of conventionally raised ones. The discriminant analysis results based on the combination of carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios in defatted meat reached a 100% correct classification. Furthermore, the variation in carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of retail organic and conventional pork has been studied over 1 year. The results suggested that organic pork had a higher δ(13) C value than that of the conventional pork in all but three fortnights. Grouping of the δ(15) N data showed that the δ(15) N value in organic pork was higher than that of the conventional one throughout the whole year. CONCLUSION: The method established in the present study provides a potential detection that can be highly valuable to prevent fraudulent labelling of organic pork. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Inspeção de Alimentos/métodos , Alimentos Orgânicos/análise , Carne/análise , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Sus scrofa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Algoritmos , Animais , Isótopos de Carbono , China , Análise Discriminante , Rotulagem de Alimentos , Alimentos Orgânicos/economia , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Carne/economia , Carne/normas , Músculo Esquelético/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Isótopos de Nitrogênio , Estações do Ano , Sus scrofa/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Products in corner stores may be affected by the network of suppliers from which storeowners procure food and beverages. To date, this supplier network has not been well characterized. METHODS: Using network analysis, we examined the connections between corner stores (n = 24) in food deserts of Baltimore City (MD, USA) and their food/beverage suppliers (n = 42), to determine how different store and supplier characteristics correlated. RESULTS: Food and beverage suppliers fell into two categories: Those providing primarily healthy foods/beverages (n = 15) in the healthy supplier network (HSN) and those providing primarily unhealthy food/beverages (n = 41) in the unhealthy supplier network (UHSN). Corner store connections to suppliers in the UHSN were nearly two times greater (t = 5.23, p < 0.001), and key suppliers in the UHSN core were more diverse, compared to the HSN. The UHSN was significantly more cohesive and densely connected, with corner stores sharing a greater number of the same unhealthy suppliers, compared to HSN, which was less cohesive and sparsely connected (t = 5.82; p < 0.001). Compared to African Americans, Asian and Hispanic corner storeowners had on average -1.53 (p < 0.001) fewer connections to suppliers in the HSN (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate clear differences between corner stores' HSN and UHSN. Addressing ethnic/cultural differences of storeowners may also be important to consider.
Assuntos
Comércio/normas , Abastecimento de Alimentos/normas , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Política Nutricional , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Baltimore , Comércio/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Abastecimento de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Promoção da Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Teóricos , Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
The substantiation of necessity of creation of healthy food products and their classification. Formulated methodological approaches to the creation of healthy food: enriched, functional and specialized purpose.
Assuntos
Tecnologia de Alimentos/métodos , Alimentos Orgânicos , Alimento Funcional , Tecnologia de Alimentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Alimentos Orgânicos/normas , Alimento Funcional/normas , Regulamentação Governamental , Federação RussaRESUMO
Adult diet quality indices are shown to predict nutritional adequacy of dietary intake as well as all-cause morbidity and mortality. This study describes the reproducibility and validity of a food-based diet quality index, the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). ARFS was developed to reflect alignment with the Australian Dietary Guidelines and is modelled on the US Recommended Food Score. Dietary intakes of 96 adult participants (31 male, 65 female) age 30 to 75 years were assessed in two rounds, five months apart. Diet was assessed using a 120-question semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The ARFS diet quality index was derived using a subset of 70 items from the full FFQ. Reproducibility of the ARFS between round one and round two was confirmed by the overall intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.87 (95% CI 0.83, 0.90), which compared favourably to that for the FFQ at 0.85 (95% CI 0.80, 0.89). ARFS was correlated with FFQ nutrient intakes, particularly fiber, vitamin A, beta-carotene and vitamin C (0.53, 95% CI 0.37-0.67), and with mineral intakes, particularly calcium, magnesium and potassium (0.32, 95% CI 0.23-0.40). ARFS is a suitable brief tool to evaluate diet quality in adults and reliably estimates a range of nutrient intakes.