RESUMO
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We have developed a novel conditioning regimen called CEAC (oral semustine 250 mg/m2 d-6, etoposide 300 mg/m2 d-5 ~ d-2, cytarabine 500 mg/m2 d-5 ~ d-2, and cyclophosphamide 1200 mg/m2 d-5 ~ d-2) In lymphoma patients in China. Here, we conducted a study to compare the conventional BEAM regimen with the CEAC regimen in 110 DLBCL patients. Propensity-score matching was performed in a 1:4 ratio (22 patients received BEAM and 88 received CEAC). Our results showed no significant difference in the overall response rate (95% vs 97%, P = 1.000) and complete response rate (66% vs 73%, P = 0.580) between the two cohorts. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS), 5-year overall survival (OS), and 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) for all patients were 72% (95% CI 62%-82%), 92% (95% CI 86%-97%), and 29% (95% CI 17%-38%), respectively. There was no significant difference in the 5-year PFS (80% vs 70%, P = 0.637), 5-year OS (95% vs 91%, P = 0.496), and 5-year CIR (20% vs 30%, P = 0.733) between cohorts. In terms of safety, the CEAC cohort had a lower incidence rate of grade 1-2 gastrointestinal hemorrhage (P = 0.023) and severe nausea (P = 0.007) compared with the BEAM cohort. In conclusion, the CEAC regimen seems to be a suitable alternative to the BEAM regimen for ASCT in DLBCL patients.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Humanos , Carmustina/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Melfalan/efeitos adversos , Etoposídeo/efeitos adversos , Semustina , Estudos de Coortes , Pontuação de Propensão , Transplante Autólogo/métodos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Citarabina/efeitos adversos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/terapia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SEAM regimen followed by auto-SCT in lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with lymphoma who underwent auto-SCT with SEAM conditioning regimen from January 2010 to June 2018 at our centre. In total, 97 patients were analysed. RESULTS: The median time to neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment was 9.5 days (range, 7-15 days) and 12 days (range, 7-25 days), respectively. Grade 3-4 nausea/vomiting, mucositis and diarrhoea were observed in 21.6%, 36.1%, and 11.3% of patients, respectively. Treatment-related mortality at 100 days occurred in 2 patients (2.1%). After a median follow-up time of 53.9 months, the 3-year incidence of disease relapse or progression was 34%. The estimated progression-free survival and overall survival at 3 years were 62% and 75%, respectively. Compared with previous studies using BEAM as the conditioning regimen, this study shows that the SEAM regimen has a comparable efficacy and safety profile. CONCLUSIONS: The SEAM regimen is feasible and might be an ideal alternative to BEAM regimen for lymphoma auto-SCT.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Linfoma , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Citarabina/efeitos adversos , Etoposídeo/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Linfoma/terapia , Melfalan/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Semustina , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/efeitos adversos , Transplante AutólogoRESUMO
A growing body of evidence has indicated that behaviors of cancers are defined by not only intrinsic activities of tumor cells but also tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in the tumor microenvironment. However, it still lacks a well-structured and comprehensive analysis of TIICs and its therapeutic value in esophageal cancer (EC). The proportions of 22 TIICs were evaluated between 150 normal tissues and 141 tumor tissues of EC by the CIBERSORT algorithm. Besides, correlation analyses between proportions of TIICs and clinicopathological characters, including age, gender, histologic grade, tumor location, histologic type, LRP1B mutation, TP53 mutation, tumor stage, lymph node stage, and TNM stage, were conducted. We constructed a risk score model to improve prognostic capacity with 5 TIICs by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression analysis. The risk score = -1.86∗plasma + 2.56∗T cell follicular helper - 1.37∗monocytes - 3.64∗activated dendritic cells - 2.24∗resting mast cells (immune cells in the risk model mean the proportions of immune cell infiltration in EC). Patients in the high-risk group had significantly worse overall survival than these in the low-risk group (HR: 2.146, 95% CI: 1.243-3.705, p = 0.0061). Finally, we identified Semustine and Sirolimus as two candidate compounds for the treatment of EC based on CMap analysis. In conclusion, the proportions of TIICs may be important to the progression, prognosis, and treatment of EC.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/imunologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/patologia , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Adulto , Algoritmos , Contagem de Células , Bases de Dados Factuais , Células Dendríticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/patologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/mortalidade , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Linfonodos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfonodos/imunologia , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Masculino , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mastócitos/imunologia , Mastócitos/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Monócitos/imunologia , Monócitos/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Plasmócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Plasmócitos/imunologia , Plasmócitos/patologia , Prognóstico , Receptores de LDL/genética , Receptores de LDL/imunologia , Análise de Regressão , Semustina/uso terapêutico , Sirolimo/uso terapêutico , Análise de Sobrevida , Células T Auxiliares Foliculares/efeitos dos fármacos , Células T Auxiliares Foliculares/imunologia , Células T Auxiliares Foliculares/patologia , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/imunologiaRESUMO
This study included data from 81 consecutively enrolled patients with hematological diseases who had been treated with unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) between September 2014 and April 2019. All patients received intense conditioning regimens with combined fludarabine and high-dose cyclophosphamide (FC) before undergoing UCBT. Sixty-seven patients received a single UCBT, and 14 patients received a double UCBT. Fifty patients were pretreated with the fludarabine, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide (FBC) protocol, while 31 patients were treated with FC before transplantation. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was prevented with cyclosporine A and mycophenolate mofetil administration. According to low-resolution, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) donor-recipient matching at six sites, 53 patients had 5-6 matches, while 28 patients had 4 matches. Seventy-eight patients (96.3%) achieved complete engraftment in this study. Thirty-six patients developed acute GVHD (aGVHD). The cumulative incidence of grade I-II aGVHD at day 100 posthematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 29.6%, and the cumulative incidence of grade III-IV aGVHD was 14.8%. At the end of the follow-up, 12 patients died due to treatment-related complications, and 4 died of disease relapse after transplantation. The transplant-related deaths were due to transplant-related infection (8 of 81), GVHD (2 of 81), and organ toxicity (2 of 81). The probability of overall survival (OS) was 80.2%. A higher dose of cyclophosphamide combined with fludarabine conditioning in UCBT was an effective curative method for treatment of hematologic disorders and could enhance the engraftment of umbilical cord blood stem cells, promote post-transplant immune reconstitution, and improve OS.
Assuntos
Anemia Aplástica/tratamento farmacológico , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical , Reconstituição Imune , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária/tratamento farmacológico , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/métodos , Adulto , Anemia Aplástica/imunologia , Anemia Aplástica/mortalidade , Anemia Aplástica/patologia , Soro Antilinfocitário/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Bussulfano/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Citarabina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/fisiopatologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/prevenção & controle , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/imunologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidade , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/imunologia , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/mortalidade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/patologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/imunologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/mortalidade , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/patologia , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária/imunologia , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária/mortalidade , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária/patologia , Semustina/administração & dosagem , Análise de Sobrevida , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do Tratamento , Doadores não Relacionados , Vidarabina/administração & dosagem , Vidarabina/análogos & derivadosRESUMO
The aim of this study is to determine whether the modified BuCy (semustine, cytarabine, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide, mBuCy) conditioning regimen can be safely used as an alternative to the SEAM (semustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan) regimen by comparing the efficacy and toxicity of the mBuCy and SEAM regimens. We matched 34 pairs of patients with regard to disease status at the time of autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT). We found no significant difference in the time of platelet engraftment between the two groups. Furthermore, neutrophil engraftment was somewhat faster in the mBuCy group than in the SEAM group (median: 9 days vs 10 days, p = 0.015). With regard to toxicity, the incidence of nausea/vomiting, hepatic impairment, renal impairment, pulmonary infection, and treatment-related mortality (TRM) was similar between the two groups. In addition, compared to patients conditioned with SEAM, patients conditioned with mBuCy were less likely to develop mucositis and diarrhea (p = 0.027; p = 0.050). The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates in the mBuCy and SEAM groups were 79% and 70% (p = 0.378), respectively, and the 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were 81% and 78.0%, respectively (p = 0.789). These analyses showed that the mBuCy conditioning regimen was well tolerated and can be used as an alternative to the SEAM regimen for lymphoma.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Linfoma/mortalidade , Linfoma/terapia , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Autoenxertos , Bussulfano/administração & dosagem , Bussulfano/efeitos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Citarabina/administração & dosagem , Citarabina/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Etoposídeo/administração & dosagem , Etoposídeo/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Melfalan/administração & dosagem , Melfalan/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Semustina/administração & dosagem , Semustina/efeitos adversos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
A new method to evaluate the anticancer activity at the molecular level has been developed. In our assay, the interaction between alkylating anticancer drugs-Fe3O4/CA with DNA has been investigated for the Resonance Light Scattering (RLS) signal enhancement. Water-based nano-Fe3O4, as a probe, has the ability of good solubility, biodegradability and low bulk resistivity etc. The experimental results show that, the activity order of three kinds of drugs is Nimustine (ACNU)>Semustine (Me-CCNU)>Chlormethine (HN2), which is satisfied with the results of the cell apoptosis experiment and the IC50 by MTT method. This assay is simple, sensitive and high efficient. And the theoretical basics for the development of new anticancer drugs as well as the assessments of their efficacy to cure breast and hepatic cancer have been provided.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/química , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/farmacologia , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais/métodos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ácido Cítrico/química , DNA/química , DNA/metabolismo , Portadores de Fármacos/farmacologia , Feminino , Compostos Férricos/química , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Células MCF-7 , Nimustina/farmacologia , Semustina/farmacologia , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , ViscosidadeRESUMO
We performed a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the efficacy of several intravesical chemotherapeutic (IVC) agents after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB) in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients. The literature search was conducted using the Embase, Scopus and PubMed databases for RCTs, including patients with single or multiple, primary or recurrent stage Ta or T1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder managed with a single, immediate instillation of IVC after TURB. Thirteen RCTs met the eligibility criteria. Pair-wise meta-analysis (direct comparison) showed that pirarubicin [hazard ratio (HR): 0.31], epirubicin (HR: 0.62), and MMC (HR: 0.40) were the most effective drugs for reducing tumor recurrence. Bayesian network meta-analysis (indirect comparison) revealed that treatment with pirarubicin (HR: 0.31), MMC (HR: 0.44), or epirubicin (HR: 0.60) was associated with prolonged recurrence-free survival. Among the drugs examined, only pirarubicin reduced disease progression compared to controls. These results suggest that a single, immediate administration of IVC with pirarubicin, MMC, or epirubicin is associated with prolonged recurrence-free survival following TURB in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients, though only pirarubicin also reduced disease progression.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Intravesical , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/mortalidade , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/análogos & derivados , Epirubicina/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Melfalan/administração & dosagem , Metanálise em Rede , Semustina/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/mortalidadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Immunosuppressants are used ubiquitously post-liver transplantation to prevent allograft rejection. However their effects on hepatocytes are unknown. Experimental data from non-liver cells indicate that immunosuppressants may promote cell death thereby driving an inflammatory response that promotes fibrosis and raises concerns that a similar effect may occur within the liver. We evaluated apoptosis within the liver tissue of post-liver transplant patients and correlated these findings with in vitro experiments investigating the effects of immunosuppressants on apoptosis in primary hepatocytes. METHODS: Hepatocyte apoptosis was assessed using immunohistochemistry for M30 CytoDEATH and cleaved PARP in human liver tissue. Primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with various combinations of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, or MMF. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using crystal violet assays and Western immunoblots probed for cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3. RESULTS: Post-liver transplant patients had a 4.9-fold and 1.7-fold increase in M30 CytoDEATH and cleaved PARP compared to normal subjects. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus at therapeutic concentrations did not affect hepatocyte apoptosis, however when they were combined with MMF, cell death was significantly enhanced. Cell viability was reduced by 46% and 41%, cleaved PARP was increased 2.6-fold and 2.2-fold, and cleaved caspase 3 increased 2.2-fold and 1.8-fold following treatment with Cyclosporine/MMF and Tacrolimus/MMF respectively. By contrast, the sirolimus/MMF combination did not significantly reduce hepatocyte viability or promote apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Commonly used immunosuppressive drug regimens employed after liver transplantation enhance hepatocyte cell death and may thus contribute to the increased liver fibrosis that occurs in a proportion of liver transplant recipients.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclosporina/farmacologia , Ciclosporina/urina , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Feminino , Fluoruracila/farmacologia , Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunossupressores/farmacologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Cirrose Hepática/tratamento farmacológico , Cirrose Hepática/metabolismo , Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mitomicina/farmacologia , Mitomicina/uso terapêutico , Semustina/farmacologia , Semustina/uso terapêutico , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Sirolimo/uso terapêutico , Tacrolimo/farmacologia , Tacrolimo/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
We report surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) studies on free calf thymus DNA and its complexes with anti-tumor chloroethyl nitrosourea derivatives; semustine and nimustine. Since, first incident of SERS in 1974, it has rapidly established into an analytical tool, which can be used for the trace detection and characterization of analytes. Here, we depict yet another application of SERS in the field of drug-DNA interaction and thereby, its promising role in rational designing of new chemotherapeutic agents. Vibrational spectral analysis has been performed in an attempt to delineate the anti-cancer action mechanism of above mentioned nitrosourea derivatives. Strong SERS bands associated with the complexation of DNA with semustine and nimustine have been observed, which reveal binding of nitrosourea derivatives with heterocyclic nitrogenous base pair of DNA duplex. Formation of dG-dC interstrand cross-link in DNA double helices is also suggested by the SERS spectral outcomes of CENUs-DNA adduct. Results, demonstrated here, reflect recent progress in the newly developing field of drug-DNA interaction analysis via SERS.
Assuntos
DNA/química , Nimustina/química , Semustina/química , Análise Espectral Raman/métodos , Animais , Bovinos , Coloides , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Prata/química , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To report the 4-year outcomes of a consecutive series of anal cancer patients treated with concurrent chemo-radiation delivered with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), employing a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) approach. METHODS: A consecutive series of 54 patients was enrolled between 2007 and 2013. Treatment schedule consisted of 50.4 Gy/28 fractions (1.8 Gy daily) to the gross tumor volume, while the elective nodal volumes were prescribed 42 Gy/28 fractions (1.5 Gy/daily) for patients having a cT2N0 disease. Patients with cT3-T4/N0-N3 tumors were prescribed 54 (T3) or 60 (T4) Gy/30 fractions (1.8-2 Gy daily) to the gross tumor volume; gross nodal volumes were prescribed 50.4 Gy/30 fr (1.68 Gy daily) if sized ≤ 3 cm or 54 Gy/30 fr (1.8 Gy daily) if > 3 cm; elective nodal regions were given 45 Gy/30 fractions (1.5 Gy daily). Chemotherapy was administered concurrently according to the Nigro's regimen. Primary endpoint was colostomy-free survival (CFS). Secondary endpoints were local control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity profile. RESULTS: Median follow up was 32.6 months (range 12-84). The actuarial probability of being alive at 4 years without a colostomy (CFS) was 68.9% (95% CI: 50.3%-84.7%). Actuarial 4-year OS, CSS, DFS, and LC were 77.7% (95% CI: 60.7-88.1%), 81.5% (95% CI: 64%-91%), 65.5% (95% CI: 47.7%-78.5%), and 84.6% (95% CI: 71.6%-92%). Actuarial 4-year metastasis-free survival was 74.4% (95% CI: 55.5%-86.2%). Maximum detected acute toxicities were as follows: dermatologic -G3: 13%; GI-G3: 8%; GU-G3: 2%; anemia-G3: 2%; neutropenia-G3:11%; G4: 2%; thrombocytopenia- G3:2%. Four-year G2 chronic toxicity rates were 2.5% (95% CI: 3.6-16.4) for GU, 14.4% (95% CI: 7.1-28) for GI, 3.9% (95% CI: 1%-14.5%) for skin, and 4.2% (95% CI: 1.1-15.9) for genitalia. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the feasibility of IMRT in the combined modality treatment of anal cancer, with comparable results to the literature with respect to LC, sphincter preservation and survival. Acute toxicity is lower if compared to series employing standard techniques. Our results support the use of IMRT on a routine basis for the treatment of anal cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Ânus/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Ânus/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Quimiorradioterapia/métodos , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias do Ânus/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidade , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Melfalan/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Semustina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Chloroethyl nitrosoureas constitute an important family of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, used in the treatment of various types of cancer. They exert antitumor activity by inducing DNA interstrand cross-links. Semustine, a chloroethyl nitrosourea, is a 4-methyl derivative of lomustine. There exist some interesting reports dealing with DNA-binding properties of chloroethyl nitrosoureas; however, underlying mechanism of cytotoxicity caused by semustine has not been precisely and completely delineated. The present work focuses on understanding semustine-DNA interaction to comprehend its anti-proliferative action at molecular level using various spectroscopic techniques. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is used to determine the binding site of semustine on DNA. Conformational transition in DNA after semustine complexation is investigated using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Stability of semustine-DNA complexes is determined using absorption spectroscopy. Results of the present study demonstrate that semustine performs major-groove-directed DNA alkylation at guanine residues in an incubation-time-drug-concentration-dependent manner. CD spectral outcomes suggest partial transition of DNA from native B-conformation to C-form. Calculated binding constants (Ka) for semustine and lomustine interactions with DNA are 1.53 × 10(3) M(-1) and 8.12 × 10(3) M(-1), respectively. Moreover, molecular modeling simulation is performed to predict preferential binding orientation of semustine with DNA that corroborates well with spectral outcomes. Results based on comparative study of DNA-binding properties of semustine and lomustine, presented here, may establish a correlation between molecular structure and cytotoxicity of chloroethyl nitrosoureas that may be instrumental in the designing and synthesis of new nitrosourea therapeutics possessing better efficacy and fewer side effects.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/química , Adutos de DNA/química , DNA/química , Lomustina/química , Modelos Moleculares , Semustina/química , Algoritmos , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/metabolismo , Dicroísmo Circular , DNA/metabolismo , Lomustina/metabolismo , Conformação Molecular , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Fibroscan and APRI are promising noninvasive alternatives to liver biopsy for detecting hepatic fibrosis. However, their overall test performance in various settings remains questionable. The aim of our study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies comparing fibroscan and APRI with liver biopsy for hepatic fibrosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Electronic and manual bibliographic searches to identify potential studies were performed. Selection of studies was based on reported accuracy of fibroscan and APRI compared with liver biopsy. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis combined the sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios of individual studies. Extent and reasons for heterogeneity were assessed. RESULTS: 23 studies for fibroscan and 20 studies for APRI in full publication were identified. For patients with stage IV fibrosis (cirrhosis), the pooled estimates for sensitivity of fibroscan were 83.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.7-95.0%) and specificity 92.4% (95% CI, 85.6-99.2%). For patients with stage IV fibrosis (cirrhosis), the pooled estimates for sensitivity of APRI at cutoff point of 1.5 were 66.5% (95% CI, 25.0-100%) and specificity 71.7% (95% CI, 35.0-100%). Diagnostic threshold bias was identified as an important cause of heterogeneity for pooled results in both patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: Fibroscan and APRI appear to be clinically useful tests for detecting cirrhosis however not useful tools in early stages of fibrosis.
Assuntos
Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Contagem de Plaquetas , Biópsia por Agulha , Humanos , Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem , Fígado/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , SemustinaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of temozolomide (TMZ) versus semustine (Me-CCNU) in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) or anaplastic astrocytoma (AA). METHODS: A total of 151 patients with recurrent GBM or AA were enrolled into this randomized, multicentre and open-label study. And 144 patients (intent-to-treat (ITT) population) were assigned randomly into 2 groups. TMZ was given orally at 200 or 150 mg×m(-2)d(-1) (prior chemotherapy) for 5 days, repeated every 28 days. Me-CCNU was given orally at 150 mg×m(-2)×d(-1) once, repeated every 28 days. The treatment periods were within 2 - 6 months and the follow-up period was 6 months. Gadopentetate dimeglumine-magnetic resonance imaging (GD-MRI) or contrast-enhanced computed tomography was performed at 2, 3 and 6 months after treatment to evaluate the image-based progression. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival rates at the end of follow-up period and adverse events rates were evaluated. RESULTS: PFS at 6 months was 78.87% in TMZ group and 55.88% in Me-CCNU group (P < 0.05). Overall survival rates at the end of follow-up period were 96.89% in TMZ group and 97.30% in Me-CCNU group (P > 0.05). The objective response rate of TMZ and Me-CCNU groups were complete response (CR) (19.44% vs 6.38%), partial response (PR) (26.39% vs 14.89%), stable disease (SD) (26.39% vs 34.03%) and progressive disease (PD) (27.78% vs 44.68%, P < 0.01). Adverse events rates of TMZ and Me-CCNU were 29.11% and 45.15% respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The efficacy of TMZ for patients with recurrent GBM or AA is better than that of Me-CCNU. And TMZ has an acceptable safety profile and its adverse events are mostly mild.
Assuntos
Dacarbazina/análogos & derivados , Glioma/tratamento farmacológico , Semustina , Adulto , Astrocitoma/tratamento farmacológico , Dacarbazina/efeitos adversos , Dacarbazina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Semustina/efeitos adversos , Semustina/uso terapêutico , TemozolomidaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of two regimens of postoperative radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy using temozolomide (TMZ) and teniposide (VM-26) plus semustine (Me-CCNU) in adult patients with grade III-IV cerebral gliomas. METHODS: Ninety-six adult postoperative patients with grade III-IV cerebral gliomas were randomized into two groups (n=48) to receive 60 Gy radiotherapy with concurrent TMZ treatment (TMZ-RT group) and radiotherapy with VM-26 plus Me-CCNU treatments (VM-RT group). The adverse effects of marrow depression, gastrointestinal toxicity and acute radiation-induced brain injury were observed. The immediate effect and survival outcome of the patients were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: No adverse effects beyond grade III were observed in the two groups. TMZ-RT group showed a significantly lower incidence of grade I-II adverse effects than VM-RT group (P<0.05). The median survival time and 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of the patients in TMZ-RT group were 28 months, 72.9%, 54.2% and 31.3%, respectively, showing significant differences from those in VM-RT group (16 months, 62.5%, 33.3% and 16.7%, respectively, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy with concurrent TMZ chemotherapy is an effective regimen with mild toxicities for treatment of adult malignant cerebral glioma.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Quimiorradioterapia/métodos , Dacarbazina/análogos & derivados , Glioma/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Dacarbazina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Operatório , Semustina/administração & dosagem , Temozolomida , Teniposídeo/administração & dosagem , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Glomerulonefrite Membranosa , Nefrite Lúpica , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Azatioprina/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Calcineurina , Quimioterapia Combinada , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Glomerulonefrite Membranosa/diagnóstico , Glomerulonefrite Membranosa/tratamento farmacológico , Glomerulonefrite Membranosa/epidemiologia , Glomerulonefrite Membranosa/patologia , Humanos , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Nefrite Lúpica/diagnóstico , Nefrite Lúpica/tratamento farmacológico , Nefrite Lúpica/epidemiologia , Nefrite Lúpica/patologia , Mitomicina/administração & dosagem , Prognóstico , Ribonucleosídeos/administração & dosagem , Semustina/administração & dosagem , Tacrolimo/administração & dosagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) is poor. The therapeutic outcome of conventional surgical and adjuvant treatments remains unsatisfactory, and therefore individualized adjuvant chemotherapy has aroused more attention. Microarrays have been applied to study mechanism of GBM development and progression but it has difficulty in determining responsible genes from the plethora of genes on microarrays unrelated to outcome. The present study was attempted to use bioinformatics method to investigate candidate genes that may influence chemosensitivity of GBM to Semustine (Me-CCNU). METHODS: Clinical data of 4 GBM patients in Affymetrix microarray were perfected through long-term follow-up study. Differential expression genes between the long- and short-survival groups were picked out, GO-analysis and pathway-analysis of the differential expression genes were performed. Me-CCNU-related signal transduction networks were constructed. The methods combined three steps before were used to screen core genes that influenced Me-CCNU chemosensitivity in GBM. RESULTS: In Affymetrix microarray there were altogether 2018 differential expression genes that influenced survival duration of GBM. Of them, 934 genes were up-regulated and 1084 down-regulated. They mainly participated in 94 pathways. Me-CCNU-related signal transduction networks were constructed. The total number of genes in the networks was 466, of which 66 were also found in survival duration-related differential expression genes. Studied key genes through GO-analysis, pathway-analysis and in the Me-CCNU-related signal transduction networks, 25 core genes that influenced chemosensitivity of GBM to Me-CCNU were obtained, including TP53, MAP2K2, EP300, PRKCA, TNF, CCND1, AKT2, RBL1, CDC2, ID2, RAF1, CDKN2C, FGFR1, SP1, CDK6, IGFBP3, MDM4, PDGFD, SOCS2, CCNG2, CDK2, SDC2, STMN1, TCF7L1, TUBB. CONCLUSION: Bioinformatics may help excavate and analyze large amounts of data in microarrays by means of rigorous experimental planning, scientific statistical analysis and collection of complete data about survival of GBM patients. In the present study, a novel differential gene expression pattern was constructed and advanced study will provide new targets for chemosensitivity of GBM.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/genética , Semustina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Biologia Computacional , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Glioblastoma/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Análise em Microsséries , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosAssuntos
Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/toxicidade , Carcinógenos Ambientais/toxicidade , Semustina/toxicidade , Animais , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/química , Testes de Carcinogenicidade , Carcinógenos Ambientais/química , Carcinógenos Ambientais/intoxicação , Humanos , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Ratos , Semustina/efeitos adversos , Semustina/químicaRESUMO
Chloroethynitrosoureas (CENUs) are important alkylating agents widely used in the treatment of cancers. Decomposition of CENUs generates active electrophilic ions that damage DNA, including the formation of dG-dC crosslinks which represents the most important cytotoxic mechanism of CENUs. In this work, a high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS) method was employed to analyze the dG-dC crosslinks induced by 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (meCCNU, Semustine). The direct quantitation of dG-dC crosslinks in oligonucleotide duplexes was achieved by the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode using synthesized (15) N(3) -labeled dG-dC as an internal standard. Methods of enzymatic digestion and HPLC separation were developed for obtaining separation and reproducibility of the dG-dC peak in chromatograms. The limit-of-detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.08 nM and the limit-of-quantification (LOQ) was determined to be 0.16 nM. The linearity of the calibration curve was 0.9997 over the range of 0.08 to 32 nM. The precision and accuracy of the method ranged from 1.1 to 6.6% and 96 to 109%, respectively. The recovery of the dG-dC crosslink in the enzymatic hydrolysates from the oligonucleotide duplex was determined to be from 91 to 106%. The results of the validation study indicate that the method is suitable for quantifying dG-dC crosslinks in DNA. Consequently, this method was used to determine meCCNU-induced dG-dC crosslinks in four duplexes with different GC contents. The results showed that the crosslinking fraction (CF) increased as the GC content in the duplex increased, and a relatively low CF was observed in the early period of the reaction.
Assuntos
Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/química , Nucleotídeos de Desoxicitosina/análise , Desoxiguanosina/análise , Semustina/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Nucleotídeos de Desoxicitosina/química , Nucleotídeos de Desoxicitosina/metabolismo , Desoxiguanosina/química , Desoxiguanosina/metabolismo , Modelos Lineares , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
The ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAVs) are conventionally treated with a strategy of remission induction followed by maintenance therapy using glucocorticoids combined with CYC during induction and AZA for maintenance. Recently, several randomized controlled trials have been published that question whether these drugs should remain those of choice. B-cell depletion using rituximab is at least as effective as CYC for remission induction in newly presenting patients, but long-term efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness data are awaited, and thus rituximab should be reserved for patients at high risk of infertility. Rituximab seems to be effective at inducing remission in relapsing patients. Whether routine pre-emptive treatment with rituximab for remission maintenance is a better approach than waiting for relapse is unknown. MTX and LEF have similar efficacy to AZA, but are not significantly safer; while MMF is less effective. Thus, AZA remains the conventional maintenance drug of choice.
Assuntos
Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/tratamento farmacológico , Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/imunologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Azatioprina/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Fluoruracila , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Mitomicina , Prognóstico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Indução de Remissão , Medição de Risco , Rituximab , Semustina , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxation times as well as apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the fat and water components in the vertebral bone marrow (vBM) of patients with benign and malignant lesions. METHODS: Forty-four patients were examined at 1.5 T: there were 24 osteoporotic vertebral fractures (15 women, 9 men; median age: 73, 48-86 years) and 20 malignant vertebral infiltrations (9 women, 11 men; median age: 60, 25-87). Relaxation times were determined separately for the water and the fat component using a saturation-recovery technique for T1 and measurements with variable echo times for T2. ADCs were determined with a diffusion-weighted (DW) echo-planar imaging (EPI) and a single-shot turbo-spin-echo (ssTSE) sequence. RESULTS: T1 of the water component and ADCs were significantly increased in the lesions compared with normal-appearing vBM (malignant: 1,252 vs. 828 ms, osteoporotic: 1,315 vs. 872 ms). ADCs determined with the DW-ssTSE were significantly increased compared with the DW-EPI. ADCs determined with the DW-ssTSE differed significantly between osteoporotic and malignant lesions (1.74 vs 1.35 x 10⻳ mm²/s. CONCLUSIONS: All parameters exhibit significant differences between normal-appearing vBM and the lesions. However, only the ADCs determined with the DW-ssTSE differed significantly between osteoporotic fractures and malignant lesions, potentially allowing for a differential diagnosis of these two entities.